JP2022029818A - Cloud shadow behavior prediction system, generated-power amount prediction system, and environment monitoring system, and observation apparatus used therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a cloud shadow behavior prediction system that can accurately predict an amount of solar radiation while reducing the number of pyranometers used for a prediction of cloud shadow behavior, and various systems using the prediction system and dedicated devices.SOLUTION: A cloud shadow behavior prediction system comprises: a solar radiation measurement network 1 which is constructed by distributing measurement points with some appropriate spacing for measuring solar radiation intensities; solar sensors 2Aa-2Ee which are composed of pyranometers, and each of which is arranged at each measurement point; all-sky cameras 3Ba-3De which acquire sky images; solar radiation state derivation means which derives the state of solar radiation at each measurement point based on a difference between the solar radiation intensities of the solar sensors; analysis means which analyzes a moving direction of cloud existing in the image based on the change of the sky images taken by sky image acquiring means; and prediction information creation means which creates prediction information on a change of an area affected by the cloud shadow, based on the moving direction of cloud analyzed by the analysis means and the state of solar radiation with reference to two or more measurement points derived from the solar radiation state derivation means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a cloud shadow behavior prediction system, a power generation amount prediction system at a solar power generation device installation point using the system, an environmental monitoring system, and an observation device used for these systems.

The cloud shadow behavior prediction may be used to predict the amount of power generation in a solar power plant or the like by predicting the amount of solar radiation. Therefore, it has been proposed to detect the distribution and movement of clouds from the image information of the whole sky taken by a 360-degree omnidirectional camera, and to predict the distribution of clouds after the time of shooting based on these (Patent Document 1). reference). However, in the case of the above-mentioned image prediction, although it is possible to predict the distribution state of clouds, it is insufficient for predicting the amount of solar radiation. That is, the physical properties of clouds were various, and the effect of light scattering by clouds on the amount of solar radiation was not taken into consideration. Therefore, in addition to the image information of the cloud mass grasped by the meteorological observation satellite or the weather radar, the image data of the sky is referred to to predict the moving direction of the cloud mass and the amount of solar radiation measured at the measurement point. Based on this, a method for predicting a change in the amount of solar radiation due to the cloud mass has been proposed (see Patent Document 2).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-184354 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-059821 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-0863317

The technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 described above measures the amount of solar radiation at a point where the sky is photographed as a measurement point, and calculates the degree of influence of the cloud mass on the solar radiation based on the amount of solar radiation at the measurement point. Is. However, the estimation of the amount of solar radiation based on the measurement result of the amount of solar radiation at a small number of observation points tends to cause an error, and the accuracy of the prediction of the amount of solar radiation in the assumed area has to be insufficient.

Therefore, the applicants of the present application have developed a pyranometer that prevents the accuracy of measurement results from deteriorating due to stains, etc., even though it is an outdoor installation type, and also constructs a cloud shadow sensor using this pyranometer to predict the behavior of cloud shadows. We have developed a system that can be used (Patent Document 3). However, the accuracy of predicting cloud shadow behavior based on the pyranometer's cloud shadow sensor depends on the number of pyranometers, so it is necessary to set many measurement points, and multiple solar radiation at each measurement point. Due to the placement of the pyranometers, the number of pyranometers used was enormous. As a result, a large amount of money was required to predict the amount of solar radiation, which hindered the spread of the system.

In addition, although each of the above-mentioned conventional techniques predicts cloud shadow behavior exclusively for predicting the amount of solar radiation, it can monitor the state of torrential rain and other abnormal weather caused by the recent unstable weather environment. It wasn't. Therefore, these resources were not effectively used because they were only used for measuring or predicting the amount of solar radiation while setting many observation points.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to enable accurate prediction of the amount of solar radiation while reducing the number of pyranometers used for predicting cloud shadow behavior. At the same time, it is to provide a system capable of predicting the amount of power generated by photovoltaic power generation, to provide an environmental monitoring system together with other elements, and to provide an observation device for use in each of the above systems.

Therefore, the present invention relating to the cloud shadow behavior prediction system is installed for each solar radiation measurement network constructed by arranging the solar radiation intensity measurement points in a distributed manner at appropriate intervals, and for each measurement point of the solar radiation measurement network. A solar radiation sensor configured by a meter, an aerial image acquisition means installed together with the solar radiation sensor or at a point different from the solar radiation sensor, and an aerial image acquisition means for acquiring an image of the sky, and each measurement point is measured by each solar radiation sensor. The moving direction of clouds existing in the image due to the change of the solar radiation state deriving means for deriving the solar radiation state at each measurement point based on the difference in the solar radiation intensity and the sky image acquired by the aerial image acquisition means. Area affected by cloud shadows based on the analysis means for analyzing the It is characterized in that it is provided with a predictive information creating means for creating the change of the above as predictive information.

According to the invention of the above configuration, only the moving direction of the cloud is analyzed from the image information acquired by the aerial image acquisition means, and the change in the amount of solar radiation (solar radiation intensity) due to the influence of the cloud shadow is actually measured by the solar radiation sensor. Will be based. By observing changes in the amount of solar radiation (solar radiation intensity) at two or more different measurement points, the speed of cloud movement (the speed of movement of the area affected by cloud shadows) is determined along with the cloud movement method. It is especially used. Furthermore, if the direction and speed of movement of the cloud (specifically, the area affected by the cloud shadow) is known, the influence state of the surrounding cloud shadow can be predicted. In this case, since the moving state of the region affected by the cloud shadow is identified by the change in the solar radiation intensity measured by the solar radiation sensor, the cloud shadow does not consider the relative positional relationship between the sun and the cloud. It is possible to instantly make a prediction determination regarding the behavior when paying attention to. Further, since the analysis content based on the image information is limited, the amount of acquired data and analysis data can be reduced.

In the above invention, the prediction information creating means extracts two or more measurement points whose illuminance intensity has changed based on the state of solar radiation at each measurement point derived by the means for deriving the solar radiation state, and analyzes the means by the analysis means. The moving speed of the cloud shadow can be calculated based on the moving direction of the cloud and the distance between the two or more measurement points extracted.

In the case of the invention having the above configuration, by extracting two or more measurement points where the solar radiation intensity changes from the state of solar radiation at the measurement points, the distance between the two or more measurement points and the change time (time) of the solar radiation intensity. The moving speed of the cloud (moving speed of the area affected by the cloud shadow) is calculated from. Since the positional relationship between the two or more measurement points to be extracted does not necessarily coincide with the moving direction of the cloud, the distance between the two is converted into the distance in the direction corresponding to the moving direction of the cloud. The moving speed is calculated. The two or more measurement points to be extracted are the measurement points where the solar radiation intensity changes immediately after the cloud movement direction is analyzed and the measurement points adjacent to each other in the vicinity thereof. In addition, if the solar radiation intensity of multiple measurement points that are not close to each other changes almost at the same time immediately after the movement direction of the cloud is analyzed, the average velocity is calculated after performing multiple velocity calculations starting from all of them. It may be calculated, or it may be possible to select one point of the measurement point that has changed first, and then use one measurement point as a base point and calculate the distance to the measurement points in the vicinity thereof. In any case, such calculation of the moving speed enables rapid prediction of cloud shadow behavior.

In each of the above inventions, the predictive information creating means further extracts the measurement points where the solar illuminance intensity has decreased based on the solar radiation state for each measurement point derived by the solar radiation state derivation means, and the extracted measurement points. By specifying the range of, it can be configured to calculate the width of the cloud shadow. Further, the prediction information creating means further extracts a plurality of measurement points where the solar illuminance intensity has decreased based on the solar radiation state at each measurement point derived by the solar radiation state derivation means, and determines the rate of decrease in the solar radiation intensity. Based on this, it can be configured to calculate the degree of influence of solar radiation due to cloud shadows.

In the case of the invention having the above configuration, since the solar illuminance at the measurement point is measured by the solar radiation sensor at each measurement point, the measurement with high solar radiation intensity is performed in the prediction target area where the solar radiation measurement network is constructed. When a point and a low measurement point coexist, it is possible to distinguish between the two. Therefore, since the measurement point where the solar radiation intensity is low is the range affected by the cloud shadow, it is possible to calculate the size of the cloud, that is, the width of the cloud shadow based on the range. By combining the result of calculating the width of the cloud shadow with the moving direction of the cloud (cloud shadow), it is possible to predict the time length affected by the cloud shadow. In addition, the rate of decrease in solar radiation intensity (decrease rate) when affected by cloud shadows varies depending on the physical characteristics of clouds, etc., and when the rate of decrease in solar radiation intensity is small while being affected by cloud shadows. In some cases, the influence of cloud shadows is large and the rate of decrease in solar radiation intensity is significant. Therefore, the effect of solar radiation due to cloud shadows (decrease rate) can be calculated by referring to the solar radiation intensity at the measurement point where the solar radiation intensity has decreased. At this time, the measurement point can be one point, but the average influence (decrease rate) can be obtained by referring to the solar radiation intensity at a plurality of points. The rate of decrease in solar radiation intensity (decrease rate) can be calculated as the rate when theoretical solar radiation is used as a reference value, and the degree of influence of solar radiation due to cloud shadows is related to, for example, a photovoltaic power generation device. In some cases, the rate of decrease in solar radiation intensity may be the degree of influence on the increase or decrease in the amount of power generation, and if it is related to the agricultural production area, it may be the degree of influence on the growth status of agricultural products.

In the invention according to each of the above configurations, the solar radiation measuring network has a substantially circular grid shape, a substantially square grid shape, a substantially triangular grid shape, or a substantially geometric grid shape in a plan view of the target area for which the behavior of cloud shadows should be predicted. It is a shape selected from the above or a shape formed by combining two or more, and the measurement point can be any grid-like intersection forming the solar radiation measurement network. In the case of such a configuration, for example, when the solar radiation measuring network is provided for observing the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device, a grid is formed around the photovoltaic power generation device while forming a substantially concentric circle. A solar radiation measurement network may be constructed as a substantially circular grid having a shape. Further, it may be a substantially square grid shape constructed based on a square grid shape which is a general grid shape, but a shape in which a plurality of triangles are combined, a shape in which a triangle and another polygon are combined, a turtle grid shape, etc. Since the solar radiation measurement network can be constructed as a grid of substantially geometric shapes constructed based on the above, it can be appropriately selected according to the geographical shape of the prediction target area. In addition, the abbreviation of the grid pattern of a specific shape means that it is constructed based on the grid pattern of a specific shape, and the solar radiation measurement network is accurate due to the undulations of the terrain or the existence of buildings. This is because it cannot be constructed in a grid pattern with a unique shape.

In the invention of each of the above configurations, the solar radiation sensor, the aerial image acquisition means, or both of them are selected from one or more selected from a short-time drive power source, a transmission means, a data storage means, a position information acquisition means, and a direction detection means. It can be further prepared.

In such a configuration, first, a commercial power source can be used as a power source, but power failure information can be transmitted by a short-time drive power source at the time of a power failure. Examples of the short-time drive power source include a secondary battery, a capacitor, and an electric double layer capacitor. Secondly, in addition to wired transmission, wireless transmission is possible by providing a transmission means. Thirdly, by providing the data storage means, the acquired data at the measurement point can be stored. As the storage means, in addition to the data logger, there is a storage device having a compression function and the like. Fourth, by providing the position information acquisition means and the orientation information acquisition means, it can be used for data analysis in association with the measurement information. A GPS receiver can be used as the position information acquisition means, and detailed position information including the terrain can be obtained by simultaneously providing a leveling device or an altitude meter. Further, as the direction information acquisition means, an electronic compass or the like can be used. In addition to these, the configuration may include a correction function for position information or direction information, a clock function, and the like.

The present invention relating to the power generation amount prediction system at the installation point of the photovoltaic power generation device utilizes a cloud shadow behavior prediction system having any of the configurations shown above, and the prediction information creating means further comprises the solar radiation. It converts the amount of power generated by photovoltaic power generation calculated from the solar radiation intensity measured by the sensor. It is characterized in that it calculates the time zone when receiving and the amount of power generation in the time zone.

According to the invention relating to the power generation amount prediction system at the installation point of the photovoltaic power generation device having the above configuration, the behavior of the cloud shadow is predicted based on the behavior prediction system of the cloud shadow, and the change in the solar radiation intensity is detected by the solar radiation sensor. In addition to this, since the solar intensity before and after the change is detected, it is possible to obtain a specific solar intensity state due to the influence of cloud shadows, particularly a state of the solar intensity after the decrease. Then, based on the information of the sensor, it is possible to predict the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device based on the solar radiation intensity when it is not affected by the cloud shadow, and when it is affected by the cloud shadow, the solar radiation intensity is of course. By calculating the size of the cloud (the range affected by the cloud shadow) as well as the degree of decrease, it is possible to calculate the time affected by the cloud shadow. As a result, it is possible to predict the solar radiation situation at the installation point of the photovoltaic power generation device, and it is also possible to estimate the amount of power generation. The amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device is converted from the solar radiation intensity by acquiring the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation device in advance, and the power generation capacity (power generation time, etc.) is calculated based on the converted power generation amount. ) Can be calculated by the prediction information creation means.

On the other hand, the present invention relating to the environmental monitoring system utilizes a cloud shadow behavior prediction system having any of the configurations shown above, and a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, and a wind direction sensor are used for each measurement point. , Wind speed sensor, rain sensitive sensor, rain amount sensor, snow cover sensor, snowstorm sensor, water level sensor, sound sensor, optical sensor, visibility sensor, smoke sensor, flame sensor, vibration sensor, fine particle sensor, optical quantum sensor, spectral optical quantum sensor, monoxide One or more environmental sensors selected from carbon content sensors, carbon dioxide sensors and nitrogen oxide sensors, and outdoor environmental levels based on one or more thresholds for the measured values measured by the environmental sensors. It is characterized by comprising a determination means for determining pass / fail or a plurality of graded evaluations.

According to the above invention, it is possible to acquire data on temperature, humidity and other environments in units of a solar radiation sensor, and it is possible to monitor the data as environmental data in a comprehensive manner. Environmental monitoring means observing various meteorological changes associated with the behavior of cloud shadows, and also includes observing the outdoor environment, and temperature and humidity are used to know the changes in the weather. Atmospheric pressure is an important factor, and air pressure can be a factor to know large and rapid weather changes such as typhoons, and wind direction and speed can be a factor to know the magnitude of weather deterioration due to weather changes. Further, in order to directly acquire the deteriorated weather conditions, it may be acquired by a rain sensor, a rainfall sensor, a snow cover sensor, a snowstorm sensor or a water level sensor. In addition, sound and light can detect lightning strikes, etc., and visibility sensors, smoke sensors, flame sensors, etc. can be used to digitize and acquire the status of the external environment due to secondary causes other than weather, such as vibration sensors or vibration sensors. The fine particle sensor can acquire the situation such as an earthquake or the arrival of fine particles with a low PM value as information other than the weather. If a photon sensor or a spectroscopic photon sensor is provided, it is useful for predicting the growth of plants in the agricultural field. In particular, by obtaining information on the photon flux density of light having a wavelength in a specific band by a spectroscopic photon sensor, it is possible to observe and predict the irradiation state of light according to the growth process of the plant. The amount of carbon dioxide can be a long-term cumulative value of greenhouse gases, and carbon monoxide detectors and nitrogen oxide detectors enable detection of fires and the like. By assembling the above sensors, it is possible to equip it as a composite weather sensor, and it is also possible to make it function as a current weather sensor.

In the invention relating to the environmental monitoring system having the above configuration, it is possible to further configure each measurement point to include either or both of the downward image acquisition means and the sideways image acquisition means.

According to the above configuration, the downward image acquisition means enables ground observation, and can be used not only for checking the road surface condition but also for crime prevention. Further, the horizontal image acquisition means can complement the measurement result by the environment sensor. In particular, the degree of visibility can be measured by a visibility sensor or the like, but the state can also be visually determined. The downward image is an image below the position where the environmental monitor is installed (downward from the horizontal) at each measurement point, and the horizontal image is a horizontal image from the position where the environmental monitor is installed. Means an image of the state. As a means for acquiring these images, a general digital camera, an infrared camera, a wavelength division camera, or the like can be used, or a bandpass filter may be installed in the camera. The wavelength division camera can function as a vegetation index camera.

In the invention of the above configuration, the environment sensor further includes an energization state sensing sensor, and the determination means determines the outdoor environment level based on the presence or absence of the energization state by the energization sensing sensor. Can be done.

According to the above invention, it is possible to detect a conductive state which is an indirect element with respect to meteorological conditions. This can detect a state of being in a power outage state due to deterioration of weather conditions. If this power outage state can be detected for each area, it can help to formulate recovery procedures without visiting the site. In addition, in order to transmit data in this case, it is necessary to provide a short-time drive power supply, but if the above-mentioned cloud shadow behavior prediction system is equipped with a short-time drive power supply, the power supply is also used. May be good.

In each of the above inventions, further, the storage means for cumulatively storing the measured value by the environmental sensor and the determination result for determining the outdoor environment level by the determination means while associating them with each other, and the measured value by the environment sensor. The determination means includes a comparison means for comparing the change with the change in the measured value leading to the determination result when the outdoor environment level stored in the storage means is determined, and a notification means for notifying the deterioration of the outdoor environment. When the result of the comparison by the comparison means matches the tendency of the change in the measured value when the decrease in the outdoor environment level stored in the storage means is determined, the notification signal shall be output to the notification means. Can be done.

According to the invention of the above configuration, when monitored for an appropriate period (for example, a plurality of years), the monitored meteorological condition and other environmental data will be stored in the storage means, and the meteorological condition currently in progress. By comparing changes in conditions with stored data, it is possible to assume a decline in the outdoor environment level. In this case, by being notified by the notification means, it can be used as a guideline for the necessity of dealing with a decrease in the outdoor environment level. The monitoring information stored in the storage means may include past information stored as teacher data in advance.

Further, in each of the above inventions, the determination means differs in the range in which the result of the comparison by the comparison means exceeds the threshold value with the average value of the measured values by the environment sensor stored in the storage means. At that time, the notification signal may be output to the notification means.

According to the invention of the above configuration, it is also possible to know the deterioration of unexpected weather conditions and the like that occur at a rare frequency of once every several years or once every several decades by notification by a notification means. As the threshold value here, for example, the rate of change in wind speed, the rate of increase in rainfall, the rate of change in atmospheric pressure, and the like are assumed. With these ratios as the threshold values, when an extreme change in wind speed or the like occurs that exceeds this, it is possible to know the extreme deterioration of the weather conditions.

The present invention relating to the observation device is an observation device used for the cloud shadow behavior prediction system, the power generation amount prediction system, or the environment monitoring system of each configuration, and is a holding unit that holds the solar radiation sensor and the aerial image acquisition means. The holding portion is formed with an installation area of an appropriate range in which the solar radiation sensor and the aerial image acquisition means can be installed, and a plurality of solar radiation sensors are appropriately spaced from each other in the installation area. The aerial image acquisition means is provided at appropriate intervals from each of the solar radiation sensors.

According to the above configuration, a plurality of solar radiation sensors and aerial image acquisition means can be installed in advance in the installation area of the holding portion at appropriate intervals from each other, and the holding portion integrates these with an observation device. Can be configured. At this time, when the installation area is composed of a smooth plane or a plurality of planes parallel to each other, the orientations of the light receiving surface of the solar radiation sensor and the image acquisition surface of the aerial image acquisition means are adjusted in advance with reference to this installation area. As a result, if the installation area is maintained in a predetermined direction (for example, a horizontal state), these solar radiation sensors and the like can be installed in a predetermined state. Therefore, by installing this observation device at a predetermined observation point in a predetermined state, it is possible to measure the sky image and the solar radiation intensity at the same point and at the same time. That is, this observation device is not used when measuring only solar radiation or when acquiring only an image of the sky, but when acquiring an image of the sky at the same position as the measurement point of the intensity of solar radiation. Is possible.

In the invention relating to the observation device having the above configuration, the holding portion is provided with an aerial image acquisition means near the center, and is located at a position and height around the aerial image acquisition means so that the solar radiation is not blocked by the aerial image acquisition means. It is possible that a plurality of solar radiation sensors are arranged with the light receiving surface.

According to the above configuration, an aerial image acquisition means composed of one or a small number of cameras is provided near the center of the holding portion, and a plurality of solar radiation sensors are arranged radially around the center of the holding portion, thereby efficiency in a limited installation area. It is possible to arrange a solar radiation sensor or the like well.

Further, in the invention relating to the observation device having the above configuration, further, an apparatus for confirming the horizontality of the whole or a part of the installation area, an apparatus for confirming the orientation, an apparatus for acquiring position information, and a time are used. It can be configured to include one or more devices arbitrarily selected from a device for checking and an appropriate device for functioning as the environment sensor.

According to the above configuration, an integrated observation device that can be used as an environmental monitoring system can be configured by providing various devices that function as environmental sensors in addition to the solar radiation sensor and aerial image acquisition means. In addition, by providing equipment other than the equipment that functions as an environment sensor, it can be used as an aid when installing an observation device. For example, as a device for confirming the level, it is confirmed that all or a part of the installation area is in a horizontal state, and whether or not a camera or the like constituting the aerial image acquisition means is installed in the vertical direction, for example. It can be used for confirmation, the position information detection device can be used to identify the measurement point, and the orientation detection device can be used to confirm the direction in which the solar radiation sensor etc. is installed. ..

Further, in the invention relating to the observation device having each of the above configurations, the holding portion is appropriately supported by the supporting portion, and either or both of the holding portion and the supporting portion has a space inside. It is configured to have a portion, and can be configured so that all or a part of the device is built in the space portion.

According to the above configuration, since the holding portion is supported by the supporting portion, the holding portion (installation area) can be suitably arranged by installing the observation device in a predetermined state using the supporting portion. .. At this time, since the holding portion and the supporting portion (particularly the supporting portion) are used for holding various sensors or the like, the inside can be formed hollow and does not need to be installed in the installation area. The equipment can be stored in the space.

According to the present invention relating to the cloud shadow behavior prediction system, since the image information and the measured value are used in a complementary manner, a plurality of solar radiation sensors can be installed at a large distance from each other, and the solar radiation that constitutes each solar radiation sensor can be installed. The total number can be reduced. By using the image data obtained by the aerial image acquisition means, it is possible to accurately acquire information on the direction of cloud movement, which improves the accuracy of solar radiation measurement, especially the measurement accuracy of cloud shadow behavior, even though the number of pyranometers is small. Can be made to. With such accurate measurement results, the accuracy of prediction can be guaranteed.

Further, according to the present invention relating to the power generation amount prediction system at the installation point of the photovoltaic power generation device, the degree of the actual influence of the cloud shadow, that is, the degree of the actual decrease in the solar radiation intensity can be obtained as the measured value by the solar radiation sensor. Since this can be converted into the amount of power generated by photovoltaic power generation, the amount of power generation can be predicted with high accuracy.

Further, according to the present invention relating to the environmental monitoring system, since it is possible to perform observation by various sensors related to the weather etc. at the installation points of the solar radiation sensors distributed in the measurement area, the situation of deterioration of the weather conditions etc. The recovery situation can be monitored in real time, and by storing the monitoring information, it may be possible to predict the future by comparing with past data.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline of embodiment which concerns on the behavior prediction system of a cloud shadow. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of embodiment which concerns on the behavior prediction system of a cloud shadow. It is explanatory drawing which shows the experimental example which detects the moving direction of a cloud. It is explanatory drawing which shows the experimental example which measures the moving speed of a cloud shadow. It is explanatory drawing which shows the experimental example which predicts the behavior of a cloud shadow. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the embodiment which concerns on the environmental monitoring system. It is explanatory drawing which shows the illuminance sensor which used the photoelectric conversion sensor. It is explanatory drawing which shows the form of the cover when the photoelectric conversion sensor is used. It is explanatory drawing which shows the embodiment of an observation apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the use mode of an observation apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows the construction example of the solar radiation measurement network.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<Cloud shadow behavior prediction system>
The embodiment of the present invention relating to the cloud shadow behavior prediction system is outlined in FIG. 1 and the system configuration is shown in FIG. Note that FIG. 1 (a) shows the relationship between the solar radiation by the sun S and the cloud shadow Cs formed by the cloud C with respect to the region A for which the behavior of the cloud shadow should be predicted, and FIG. 1 (b) shows the target area. It shows A a solar radiation measuring network 1, a solar radiation sensor 2, and an aerial image acquisition unit (aerial image acquisition means) 3 in a plan view (state seen from the sky).

As shown in FIG. 1 (a), it is known that the sunlight emitted from the sun S becomes a cloud shadow by being blocked by the cloud C, and the solar radiation intensity (solation amount) decreases. Then, as the cloud C moves, the cloud shadow Cs also moves. Therefore, if the behavior of the cloud C can be predicted, the behavior of the cloud shadow Cs can also be predicted.

However, as is well known, cloud C does not move in the same shape, and even if it is simply cloud C, it has various physical properties, and its size and layer thickness are different, so it blocks most of the solar radiation. In addition to those that do, there are those that do not affect the illuminance, and there are also those that cause light scattering. Generally, it is classified into upper clouds moving at a height of 5000 m to 13000 m above the ground, middle clouds moving at a height of 2000 m to 7000 m, and lower clouds moving at a height of less than 2000 m, and the upper clouds exclusively affect solar radiation. However, some clouds belonging to the middle and lower clouds have the property of blocking solar radiation. In this way, it is important to predict the behavior of cloud shadows caused by clouds that block solar radiation in order to predict changes in solar radiation intensity (solation amount). In other words, when simply predicting the behavior of clouds, the types of clouds have not been selected, and it is not possible to predict the behavior limited to cloud shadows that have a large effect on solar radiation.

Further, when trying to predict the behavior of a cloud only by image processing, it is difficult to select the type of cloud, and in particular, to determine the actual degree of influence on solar radiation. Moreover, the degree of sunshine that is blocked may differ from the initial stage when the cloud shadow is created by the clouds that block the illuminance. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to predict the degree of blocking of solar radiation by clouds, that is, the behavior of cloud shadows that reflects the influence of solar radiation intensity due to cloud shadows. On the other hand, when predicting cloud shadow behavior using only a pyranometer or other solar radiation sensor, the effects of cloud shadows cannot be accurately grasped unless they are observed in units of tens of meters to hundreds of meters, resulting in a huge number of solar radiation sensors. Was required to be installed.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), a solar radiation measurement network 1 in which a measurement point of solar illuminance intensity is set in advance is constructed, and a solar radiation sensor 2 (2Aa to 2Ee) is installed at the measurement point. In addition to this (indicated by a circle), an all-sky camera (sky image acquisition means) 3 (3Ba to 3De) shall be installed in a part of the measurement point (indicated by a double circle). In this embodiment, the solar radiation measuring network 1 is constructed as a square grid, and the intersections of the grids are distributed and arranged as measurement points.

In the figure, the number of measurement points by the solar radiation measurement network 1 is 25, and the state in which the solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee are arranged at the measurement points is shown. It will be increased or decreased depending on the width of. Further, although the spherical cameras 3Ba to 3De are installed at the same positions as a part selected from the solar radiation sensor groups 2Aa to 2Ee, they may be distributed and arranged at different positions according to other criteria. The interval can also be changed as appropriate.

In the present embodiment, the solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee in the figure are arranged along the solar radiation measurement network 1 (intersection of square grids) as shown in the figure, and are evenly spaced in the vertical and horizontal directions (north-south direction and east-west direction). The mutual distance L1 close to each of the vertical and horizontal directions can be set with a guideline of 1 km or more. Further, the distance L2 between the spherical cameras 3Ba to 3De is set to an integral multiple of the distance L1 of the solar radiation sensor group (double in the figure), so that the distance L2 is aligned with the point where a part of the solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee is installed. Can be provided.

For example, if the distance L1 between the solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee is 2.5 km, it is possible to observe at 10 km in each of the vertical and horizontal directions (north-south direction and east-west direction) with 25 as shown in the figure, expanding the measurement range of cloud shadow behavior. If you want to make it, you can add it in the vertical and horizontal directions (north-south direction and east-west direction). Further, when the interval L2 between the spherical cameras 3Ba to 3De is twice the interval L2 between the solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee, the interval L2 can be set to 5 km. If the distance L2 between the spherical cameras 3Ba and 3De is 5 km, it may be evaluated as close, but image acquisition in an area where there are buildings such as neighboring buildings and structures such as signs and signs. Can be evaluated as an appropriate interval. The spherical cameras 3Ba to 3De are shown as one form of the aerial image acquisition means, and a general camera may be used or a camera using a wide-angle lens may be used (this is described below). The same applies to). This is because when a plurality of images are installed at intervals of about 5 km as described above and the image directly above is mainly acquired, it is possible to acquire an aerial image even if the camera is not an omnidirectional camera.

By processing the image acquired by each sensor or the like as described above and the value of the change in the measured solar radiation intensity, the behavior of the cloud shadow can be predicted. Therefore, the configuration for that purpose will be described.

FIG. 2 shows the configuration of a cloud shadow behavior prediction system. As shown in this figure, this system includes a processing device 4, and information or the like detected by the above-mentioned sensor or the like is input to the processing device 4. Therefore, the processing device 4 has an input analysis module 41, and the information regarding the aerial image and the information regarding the solar radiation intensity are analyzed and separated, and are temporarily stored in the storage unit 42. The processing device 4 includes a calculation unit 43, and creates prediction information from the input information. Therefore, the calculation unit 43 functions as a predictive information processing means. Further, the result (prediction information) processed by the calculation unit 43 can be output from the output unit 44 and can also be stored in the storage unit 42. The created information stored in the storage unit 42 is stored as change information of cloud shadow behavior over time. The calculation result can be output to the monitor 5 and also to the mobile terminal 6 or the like via wireless communication. Therefore, in addition to being used as individual information, it is also possible to widely publicize it.

The solar illuminance intensity measured by the solar radiation sensors 2Aa, 2Ab, ... May be transmitted by wire, but in the present embodiment, the one transmitted to the processing device 4 via wireless is exemplified. In the case of wired, a dedicated line can be used, but a public line such as an internet line can be used, and in the case of wireless, a mobile phone line can be used, and long-distance communication such as LPWA can be used. It can be transmitted by possible communication technology. The individual solar radiation sensors 2Aa, 2Ab, ... Do not analyze the change in the solar radiation intensity, but simply transmit the measured solar radiation intensity as a numerical value together with the position information. Therefore, the solar radiation state for each of the individual solar radiation sensors 2Aa, 2Ab, ... Is processed by the calculation unit 43 of the processing device 4. Therefore, the arithmetic unit 43 of the processing device 4 is configured to further function as a solar radiation state derivation means. It should be noted that the configuration is provided with a transmission device (not shown) and a power supply (not shown) for transmission. As the power source, a commercial power source may be used, but an individual power source such as a battery may be provided. When using a commercial power source, it is preferable to provide a short-time drive power source for emergency use. A secondary battery, a capacitor, an electric double layer capacitor, or the like can be used as the short-time drive power source.

On the other hand, the spherical cameras 3Ba, ... Are configured as a part of the image information acquisition units 30Ba, 30Bc ... The image information acquisition units 30Ba, 30Bc ... Are provided with a storage unit 31, a calculation unit (analysis means) 32, and an output unit 33 in addition to the spherical cameras 3Ba, ... The sky image acquired by 3Ba, ... Is temporarily stored in the storage unit 31, and the change in the image with the passage of time is analyzed by the calculation unit (analysis means) 32.

The image analysis by the calculation unit (analysis means) 32 of the image information acquisition units 30Ba, 30Bc ... is not complicated, and the clouds are identified from the images to be captured and the clouds are captured at predetermined time intervals. It is to determine the direction of movement of clouds by comparing the front and back of the image. Specifically, the determination of the moving direction of the cloud is to detect the moving direction of the boundary between the two types of objects being photographed in the vicinity of the center of the image. Since it is the boundary between two types of objects, it may be on the front side or the rear side in the direction of cloud movement. Moreover, in the case of the boundary due to the gap between clouds, it may be the boundary with other clouds existing in multiple layers. However, the arithmetic unit (analysis means) 32 detects only the moving direction (moving direction of the boundary) without analyzing these situations, and only that direction is used as the direction (for example, the angle with respect to the north direction). , Is transmitted to the processing device 4. The orientation may be determined by setting the camera in a predetermined orientation (for example, the upper part of the screen faces north), but in the case of a configuration equipped with an electronic compass or the like, clouds are associated with the orientation information. It may be configured to identify the moving direction of. Note that the transmission to the processing information 4 may be performed by wire as in the case of the solar radiation sensors 2Aa, 2Ab, ..., But in this embodiment, a configuration in which transmission is performed via wireless is exemplified.

By the way, as described above, the image analysis by the calculation unit (analysis means) 32 of the image information acquisition units 30Ba, 30Bc ... analyzes the movement of the boundary portion in the vicinity of the central portion of the acquired image (sky image). However, in the region affected by cloud shadows due to cloud movement (sunlight intensity changes), the image information acquisition units 30Ba, 30Bc ... (All-sky camera 3Ba ,.・ ・) Is not installed. Further, the image information acquisition units 30Ba, 30Bc ... (omnidirectional camera 3Ba, ...) do not detect the magnitude of the influence of the cloud shadow.

Therefore, the calculation unit (solar radiation state derivation means) 43 of the processing device 4 calculates (derives) the state of the change in the solar radiation intensity measured by the solar radiation sensors 2Aa, 2Ab, ..., And the image information acquisition unit. Taking the information related to the moving direction of the clouds output from 30Ba, 30Bc ... As an opportunity, the solar illuminance sensors 2Aa, 2Ab, ... Are extracted from the solar radiation sensors 2Aa, 2Ab, ... Specifically, two or more points are extracted from the measurement points for constructing the solar radiation measurement network 1 by combining the points where the solar radiation intensity changes or the points where the solar radiation intensity changes. The extraction measurement points are set to one or more adjacent points based on the points where the solar radiation intensity changes immediately before and after the cloud movement direction is detected. The speed affected by the cloud shadow (cloud movement speed) is calculated by the difference in position (distance) between one reference point and at least another one point, and the difference in change time (time). In addition, the state in which the solar radiation intensity changes may be a case where the solar radiation intensity decreases from a high solar radiation intensity, or a case where the decreased solar radiation intensity recovers and increases.

Furthermore, at the same time, the influence of cloud shadow can be judged from the numerical value after the change of the insolation intensity. When the movement is on the front side of the cloud shadow, the solar radiation intensity after the change is the solar radiation intensity in the state where the solar radiation is blocked by the cloud shadow, and when it is on the rear side, the solar radiation is blocked by the cloud shadow. It is judged by the intensity of the later recovered solar radiation. In addition, by memorizing the time from the time when the solar radiation intensity decreased to the time when the solar radiation intensity increased, the length of time that the cloud shadow affects the solar radiation (the size of the cloud or the area affected by the cloud shadow). Can be calculated. When the influence of the cloud shadow on the front side of the cloud is measured, the behavior of the cloud shadow can be determined by the moving speed (direction and speed) of the cloud shadow. Therefore, the moving direction and movement at this time. The speed of is called the behavior vector. The behavior can be predicted from this behavior vector. That is, it is possible to predict the time when the cloud shadow will reach a specific point by referring to the direction (movement direction) and magnitude (speed) of the vector.

Further, even if the movement of clouds is analyzed by the image information acquisition units 30Ba, 30Bc ... (omnidirectional camera 3Ba, ...), the solar radiation intensity does not change, or even if it changes, it is extremely small (error). Degree) is also possible. This predicts cloud shadow behavior as if it does not affect solar radiation, such as upper clouds, or if cloud shadows due to the presence of clouds do not affect the prediction target area (range of solar radiation measurement network 1). Can be excluded from. In this case, a specific threshold value is set, and only when the solar radiation intensity is lower than the threshold value can be regarded as a state affected by cloud shadow. This threshold value can be set as a cloud shadow judgment level as a predetermined ratio (about 75%) to the theoretical solar radiation (maximum solar radiation intensity) of about 1000 (W / m ² ).

<Forecast example>
For example, a solar radiation measuring network 1 having an interval L1 of the solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee shown in FIG. 1 (a) of 2.5 km is constructed, and an interval L2 of the spherical camera (sky image acquisition means) 3Ba to 3De is established. It is assumed that the distance is 5 km. Then, the interval of the shooting time of the sky image by the spherical camera (sky image acquisition means) 3Ba to 3De is set to 1 minute, and the individual solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee detect the measured value at the interval of 1 second. do.

Under the above conditions, as shown in FIG. 3A, when the cloud C moves from the southwest direction to the northeast direction, for example, the nearest spherical camera (sky image acquisition means) 3Ba is used. Suppose that an image of clouds is detected. For the cloud image at that time, for example, as shown in FIGS. 3 (b) and 3 (c), the moving direction of the cloud C is analyzed from the image changed in one minute. As for the moving direction at this time, moving at an angle of θ with respect to the north direction is sent to the processing device as information.

As described above, when the movement of the cloud C is detected, the influence of the cloud shadow Cs also acts in the same direction, so that one point where the solar radiation intensity changes immediately before and after the arrival of the cloud shadow Cs is extracted. For example, as shown in FIG. 3D, one point (for example, the point where the solar radiation sensor 2Aa is installed) that changes immediately before or after the detection is extracted, and other points adjacent to the point (for example, the solar radiation sensor 2Ab, 2Ba, From the points where 2Bb and the like are installed), the points where the illuminance intensity changes next (for example, the points where the solar radiation sensor 2Ba adjacent to the north direction is installed) are extracted. Since the first point (point of the solar radiation sensor 2Aa) and the second point (point of the solar radiation sensor 2Ba) are located at a distance of 2.5 km, the difference in time (time T) between the two points where the solar radiation intensity changes. Therefore, the speed of movement between the two can be calculated by 2.5 km / T. The moving direction of the cloud shadow Cs is the same as the moving direction of the cloud C, and the direction is inclined by θ from the north direction. Therefore, if the speed of 2.5 km / T is 1 / cos θ, the cloud C Can be converted into the speed in the moving direction of (that is, the moving direction of the cloud shadow Cs). The speed may be derived by the calculation from these two points, but the speed is also derived in relation to the other two points (points 2Ab and 2Bb) that will be affected sequentially, and they are averaged. The speed may be regarded as the final speed. From these calculation results, the cloud shadow behavior vector is derived and can be output as the behavior prediction of the cloud shadow Cs.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4A, when the cloud C moves, another spherical camera (sky image acquisition means) also acquires an image of the cloud. In the figure, an image of clouds can be acquired by 3Dc. Further, even in this case, a point for measuring the change in the solar radiation intensity due to the cloud shadow Cs occurs (for example, a point where 2Dc, 2Dd, 2Ec, 2Ee are installed). Even in such a case, the speed is calculated based on the moving direction of the cloud C and the position and time of the point where the solar radiation intensity changes each time, and if it is different from the previous calculation result, it is corrected and the same. If so, it can be output as a behavior prediction of cloud shadow Cs without modification. This is because the moving direction of the cloud C does not change significantly, but the cloud shape may change and the moving speed is not always constant. Further, since the cloud C may be separated into a plurality of clouds C instead of one mass, the moving direction and the moving speed can be detected for each cloud C mass. Under such circumstances, the plurality of moving directions and speeds of movement shall not be corrected. Whether or not the cloud C mass is separated into a plurality of clouds can be determined by detecting a region where the solar radiation intensity is reduced as described later. In general, the movement of cloud C is determined by the wind direction in the sky, and the situation does not change in a short time. Therefore, when the behavior is already determined in the above-mentioned behavior prediction of cloud shadow Cs, it should be noted. , It may be maintained as a determined value without modification in units of several hours.

By the way, as shown in FIGS. 4 (b) and 4 (c), the change in the solar radiation intensity due to the influence of the cloud shadow Cs changes in the direction of decreasing due to the arrival of the cloud shadow Cs (see FIG. 4 (b)). , There is a case where the cloud shadow changes in the upward direction after passing through Cs (see FIG. 4 (c)). The calculation of the moving direction and the moving speed of the region affected by the cloud shadow Cs due to the movement of the cloud C is assumed to be calculated when the cloud shadow Cs arrives according to FIG. 4 (b). This is because the presence or absence of the influence of cloud shadow Cs should be predicted at an early stage.

On the other hand, there may be cases where it should be predicted that the solar radiation intensity will be restored, that is, the influence of cloud shadow Cs will disappear. For example, when it is necessary to prepare in advance for heat stroke measures for outdoor workers in the summer. In such a case, if it is cloudy from early morning, it is important to continue to be affected by the cloud shadow Cs and predict when the influence will end. Assuming such a case, the moving direction and moving speed of the cloud shadow Cs (cloud C) are calculated even when the cloud shadow Cs changes in the upward direction after passing through. The calculation method is a point where it is detected that the solar radiation intensity has changed (increased) (a point where 2Ba is installed in FIG. 4C) and another point adjacent to it (for example, a point where 2Bb is installed). As a result, it is possible to predict that the influence of the cloud shadow Cs will disappear.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the cloud shadow Cs reduces the solar illuminance intensity at a plurality of measurement points due to the cloud C in a mass. That is, at the same time, the range in which the solar radiation intensity is reduced is the range affected by the cloud shadow Cs. In other words, this coincides with the size of the cloud C (the size of the cloud shadow Cs). Therefore, not only the change in the solar radiation intensity as described above, but also the solar radiation intensity at the same time is compared for all the solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee, and the width of the cloud shadow Cs is calculated based on the difference between the position and the intensity. It is also possible. In this case, when the region where the solar radiation intensity is lowered is not continuous (the solar radiation intensity is partially large), the state is grasped as a case where the cloud C is separated into a plurality of lumps.

Furthermore, by acquiring the solar radiation intensity in a state where the solar radiation intensity is lowered as a numerical value, it is possible to acquire the degree of influence by the cloud shadow Cs (the degree to which the solar radiation is blocked). In this case, it may be determined by the measured value at any one point where the solar radiation intensity has decreased, but a plurality of measurement results may be averaged. Further, when the cloud C is separated into a plurality of lumps, the degree of influence by the cloud shadow Cs is calculated for each lump.

<Power generation amount prediction system at the installation point of the photovoltaic power generation device>
Next, the present embodiment relating to the power generation amount prediction system at the installation point of the photovoltaic power generation device will be described. The system configuration of this embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. The difference in this embodiment is the content of the processing in the processing apparatus 4. Specifically, the installation position of the photovoltaic power generation device, which is the target to be predicted, is the relative positional relationship (distance, etc.) with each solar radiation sensor 2Aa to 2Ee, and the converted value of the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation device. Is stored in the storage unit 42 in advance, and the calculation unit (prediction information creating means) 43 calculates the transition of the power generation amount from the behavior prediction of the cloud shadow.

In the present embodiment, the solar radiation intensity measured by the solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee enables the calculation of the amount of power generation under the influence of the cloud shadow, as well as the possibility of being affected by the cloud shadow, and the solar radiation intensity. By measuring the time when the illuminance decreases, it is possible to convert the time until it is released from the influence of cloud shadow (total amount of power generation during that period). The time zone affected by the cloud shadow is predicted by the same processing as the above-mentioned cloud shadow behavior prediction system.

As mentioned above, an experiment was conducted to predict the decrease in solar radiation intensity at a specific point. In the experiment, as shown in FIG. 5A, the influence of cloud shadow by cloud C moving in the northeast direction was calculated. The velocity (v) in the region affected by the cloud shadow was calculated using the time of decrease in the solar radiation intensity at the two solar radiation sensors (points A and B). In addition, the degree (d) and length (L) of the decrease in the solar radiation intensity at that time were measured, and the subsequent decrease in the solar radiation intensity at the position where the photovoltaic power generation device was installed (point M) was predicted. The placement intervals of the sensors were basically the same as those of the cloud shadow behavior prediction system (FIG. 3A).

As a result of the experiment, the degree of decrease in the solar radiation intensity at the position where the photovoltaic power generation device was installed (point M) was larger than expected, but the time and length were almost as expected. This result is shown in FIG. 5 (b). The point M is about three times as long as the point A to the point B, and it takes about three times as long as the point B to decrease the solar radiation intensity at the start of the decrease in the solar radiation intensity. In addition, the figure measures only the degree of decrease in solar radiation intensity, and it is possible to predict the amount of power generation when converted by the power generation capacity (converted value) of the photovoltaic power generation device in which it is installed.

<Environmental monitoring system>
Next, an embodiment of the present invention relating to an environmental monitoring system will be described. FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the present embodiment. As shown in this figure, the basic configuration is the same as the cloud shadow behavior prediction system shown in FIG. In this embodiment, environment sensors 7Aa, 7Ab, ... Are additionally installed in each of the solar radiation sensors 2Aa, 2Ab, ... Similar to 2Ab, ..., It is transmitted to the processing device 4 by radio.

Environmental sensors 7Aa, 7Ab, ... Are temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, wind direction sensor, wind speed sensor, rain sensor, rain amount sensor, snow cover sensor, snowstorm sensor, water level sensor, sound sensor, optical sensor, visibility. It is assumed that one or more are selected from a sensor, a smoke sensor, a flame sensor, a vibration sensor, a fine particle sensor, a photon sensor, a spectrophoton sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, and a nitrogen oxide sensor. As a single environmental element to be monitored, one of the above may be selected, or a plurality of environmental elements may be selected and used for observing a specific event, and all of them may be selected and comprehensively selected. It may be used to observe environmental elements.

The items shown as the above environmental sensors 7Aa, 7Ab, ... Measure the outdoor air temperature (actual air temperature at the installation location) in the case of the temperature sensor, and are central to the external environmental information. It is useful as weather information, and the same applies to humidity sensors. These sensing data can be used to avoid risks due to rising outside air temperature and humidity, especially as a measure against heat stroke in summer. The barometric pressure sensor can monitor the change by measuring the atmospheric pressure. As a result, it is possible to obtain the approaching situation in the case of a change in meteorological conditions such as a typhoon in which the atmospheric pressure changes significantly. By using both the wind direction sensor and the wind speed sensor at the same time, it can be used to judge the suitability of the wind power generation device, and can also be used to monitor the location and degree of tornadoes and other gusts.

In order to directly observe the weather condition, a rain sensor, a rain amount sensor, a snow cover sensor, a snowstorm sensor, a water level sensor, or the like may be installed in addition to or in place of the above sensor. Although it is possible to predict or detect deterioration of weather by the above-mentioned barometric pressure sensor or the like, the rainfall sensor can directly detect the rainfall, and the rainfall sensor can directly detect the rainfall. Because it is possible. Rainfall detection by rainfall sensors can monitor local rainfall data in torrential rains. Monitoring of rainfall data can be an important factor, especially considering the recent flooding or collapse of rivers. Further, the snow cover sensor or the snowstorm sensor can obtain an important element as a meteorological condition in a heavy snowfall area or the like, and the water level sensor can directly detect the flooded state of the road surface or the like, and the above-mentioned rain amount sensor can be obtained. When used in combination with, it will contribute to observing the specific situation in the case of extreme deterioration of weather conditions.

Further, the sound detection by the sound sensor can be used to detect the occurrence of lightning or the like, and the light detection by the optical sensor can be used to detect the lightning accompanying the occurrence of lightning. When light and sound are acquired at the same time, the accuracy of detecting the occurrence of lightning will be improved. The visibility sensor, smoke sensor, flame sensor, etc. can be used to convert and acquire the status of the external environment due to secondary causes other than the weather. Although these are not direct weather conditions, it is possible to detect the occurrence of fires and visibility conditions due to deterioration of weather conditions. The fine particle sensor can acquire the situation such as the arrival of fine particles (PM10, PM2.5, finer particles) and other particles having a low PM value. This is also not directly related to the meteorological factor, but by using it together with the visibility sensor, it is possible to determine the cause of the poor visibility as well. The seismic intensity sensor can detect the influence of the occurrence of an earthquake at the measurement point by the seismic intensity, and can also detect the vibration caused by a lightning strike. In addition to the above-mentioned sound and light, it is possible to detect a lightning strike from the data of the vibration sensor.

On the other hand, when a photon sensor or a spectroscopic photon sensor is provided, the photon flux density in the irradiated sunlight can be measured, which is useful for predicting the growth of plants in the agricultural field. It will contribute to predicting the effect on plants when the solar radiation intensity decreases due to cloudy weather. In particular, by obtaining information on the photon flux density of light having a wavelength in a specific band by a spectroscopic photon sensor, it is possible to observe and predict the irradiation state of light according to the growth process of the plant. The carbon dioxide detector can be used to monitor the amount of greenhouse gas generated by long-term observation, and if information from the carbon monoxide detector and nitrogen oxide detector is detected at the same time, a fire will occur. Can also be detected.

By arbitrarily selecting these environment sensors 7Aa, 7Ab, ..., And utilizing the sensing data together with the cloud shadow behavior prediction system, in addition to simply grasping the state of the solar radiation intensity, changes in the environment such as weather conditions can be detected. Obtainable. Therefore, it is assumed that the threshold data is stored in the storage unit 42 of the processing device 4 for each type of sensing data. The calculation unit 43 also functions as a determination means, and is transmitted from the environment sensors 7Aa, 7Ab, ..., And when the measured value data exceeds the threshold value according to the type of sensing data received. Is determined to be a deterioration of the outdoor environment (cannot go out), and if it is less than the threshold value, it is judged to be good (can go out).

Further, apart from the above-mentioned environment sensors 7Aa, 7Ab, ..., A downward image acquisition means for acquiring an image below the position where the environment monitor is installed (downward from the horizontal) is provided at each measurement point. May be good. These images can be acquired as still images by a camera, and the camera is not particularly limited, and an infrared camera, a wavelength-divided camera, or the like can be used in addition to a general digital camera. Further, a bandpass filter may be installed in the above-mentioned various cameras. The wavelength division camera can function as a vegetation index camera. By acquiring a downward image, it is possible to observe the road surface condition (road structure condition, traffic congestion condition, etc.), and it is also expected to have a crime prevention effect by observing the traffic of people.

Further, in addition to or instead of the above-mentioned downward image acquisition means, a horizontal image acquisition means for acquiring an image in a state of being oriented horizontally from the position where the environment monitor is installed may be provided. By acquiring the landscape image, the measurement result by the above-mentioned environment sensor can be complemented. In particular, the degree of visibility can be measured by a visibility sensor or the like, but the state can also be visually determined. It should be noted that various cameras can be used for image acquisition, which is the same as the downward image acquisition means.

When the energization state detection sensor is adopted as the environment sensors 7Aa, 7Ab, ..., It can be used to detect the energization state (discover the power failure state). The energization state detection sensor can also function as a power failure state by using a commercial power source as a transmission power source of the solar radiation sensor, for example, because data reception from the solar radiation sensor is impossible. In the worst weather conditions such as storms, the collapse of a building or structure may cause disconnection of electric wires or collapse of utility poles. It will bring out the effects such as being able to start work instantly.

Further, the sensing data measured and measured by these environment sensors 7Aa, 7Ab, ... Can be cumulatively stored in the storage unit 42, and the threshold value is set by the calculation unit (determining means) 43. It is also possible to predict changes in the external environment such as weather by comparing the current monitoring data with the data determined to exceed the condition as a reference. In this case, the prediction information can be notified by providing the notification means. Furthermore, when sensing data showing a drastic change that deviates significantly from the transition of past data is detected, it is also possible to notify for an alarm.

These notifications can be performed by causing the notification means to output a specific output signal from the output unit 44. Although various types of notification means can be assumed, the monitor 5 can be output as the notification means as shown in the figure, and can also be output to the mobile terminal 6. In addition, an alarm device (buzzer) or the like may be used.

<photoelectric conversion sensor>
The solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee shown above can be configured by a plurality of photoelectric conversion sensors. As the photoelectric conversion sensor, various photoelectric conversion elements can be used, a solar cell, a photodiode, a phototransistor, a pyroelectric element, a photoelectric cell, or the like can be used, and even if two of the same type are used. However, different types may be used.

The reason for using such multiple photoelectric conversion sensors is that when measuring with only a single sensor, the single sensor blocks sunlight due to factors other than cloud shadows (for example, shadows of surrounding buildings, etc.). It is supposed to be the case. That is, even if one of the sensors blocks the illuminance due to a factor other than the cloud shadow, the illuminance intensity can be detected at the measurement point by setting the state in which one of the sensors can measure the illuminance intensity. Is possible.

As a method in this case, a first method using a bypass diode as illustrated in FIG. 7 (a) and a second method for measuring the maximum output as illustrated in FIG. 7 (b) can be considered. .. In the first method, as shown in FIG. 7A, a plurality of (three in the figure) photoelectric conversion sensors 11 are connected in series, and a bypass diode 12 is connected in parallel to each photoelectric conversion sensor 11. The resistors 13 are connected in parallel (or in series) to the whole. By connecting the resistance 13, it is possible to observe the change in the current obtained from the photoelectric conversion sensor 11 by measuring the current value (substantially short-circuit current value) between the terminals X and Y at both ends. This change in current makes it possible to measure solar radiation. Further, an ammeter for measuring a substantially short-circuit current value is installed together with the individual solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee, and the value of the ammeter can be used for output. As a matter of course, the current value may be converted into the solar radiation intensity and then the solar radiation intensity may be output. Further, when the bypass diode 12 is connected to each photoelectric conversion sensor 11 to block the solar radiation to any one of the plurality of photoelectric conversion sensors 11 (when the conversion efficiency is lowered due to the shadow of a building or the like). Even in the case of), the value of the substantially short-circuit current at the terminal ends X and Y on both sides can be maintained. That is, the current can be bypassed by the bypass diode 12 for the photoelectric conversion sensor 11 whose photoelectric conversion function is not exhibited due to the shadow. In order to increase the output of the photoelectric conversion sensor 11, it is possible to provide a plurality of photoelectric conversion sensors 11 connected to one bypass diode (for example, two each, and a total of six).

In the example shown in the figure, the thermistor 14 is connected in series with the resistor 13. Since the temperature is generally detected at the tip of the thermistor 14, the thermistor 14 is attached to the back surface side of the substrate or the like of the photoelectric conversion sensor 11 while abutting the tip of the thermistor 14 using a silicone adhesive or the like. By fixing it, it is possible to correct the error of the current value due to the temperature change of the photoelectric conversion sensor 11. The thermistor 14 is of the NTC type, and when the amount of solar radiation is large, the resistance value can be lowered due to the temperature rise as the output of the photoelectric conversion sensor 11 increases. As a result, the combined resistance with the resistance 13 connected to the thermistor 14 becomes small, and the substantially short-circuit current becomes close to the short-circuit current. The actual current value can be obtained from Ohm's law by measuring the voltage generated across the resistance. Further, in the region where a substantially short-circuit current can be detected, the current value and the voltage value are in a proportional relationship, so that the measured voltage value may be converted into the solar radiation intensity.

Further, in the second method, only the largest value (for example, the maximum output voltage) from the photoelectric conversion sensor 11 is output as a detection value, and the output value is used as the solar illuminance intensity at the measurement point. Is. As a configuration for outputting the maximum output value from the plurality of photoelectric conversion sensors 11, for example, as shown in FIG. 7B, an operational amplifier 15 is connected to each photoelectric conversion sensor 11 to convert impedance. , The maximum output value can be detected by connecting in parallel. Each operational amplifier 15 constitutes a voltage follower circuit together with a diode (Schottky barrier diode, switching diode, etc.), and is used as an output voltage without changing the input voltage. The voltage value is the voltage when the ground is used as a reference, and is the largest value among the voltage values output from each of the plurality of photoelectric conversion sensors 11 (three in the figure) (op amp 15 for impedance conversion). The output value of can be detected by the terminal Z. In the circuit illustrated in the figure, an operational amplifier 16 constituting a voltage follower circuit is provided immediately before the output terminal Z, and impedance conversion is performed.

In addition to detecting the maximum output voltage value from the plurality of photoelectric conversion sensors 11 by the circuit configuration as described above, the maximum value may be detected by software. For example, in the configuration of transmitting measurement information to the processing device 4, as in each embodiment of the cloud shadow behavior prediction system shown in FIG. 2 or the environmental monitoring system shown in FIG. 6, individual solar radiation sensors are used. Since the solar radiation intensity measured by 2Aa, 2Ab ... Simply transmits the measured numerical value together with the position information, the individual solar radiation sensors 2Aa, 2Ab ... Are each a plurality of photoelectric conversion sensors. When configured by 11, the maximum value can be selected by the processing device 4. In this case, a plurality of measured values are input for each position information, a plurality of measured values input as the same position information are compared, and the maximum value is processed so as to be the solar radiation intensity at the measurement point. It is a thing.

When the solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee use photoelectric conversion sensors, each photoelectric conversion sensor is provided with a cover covered with a material that transmits light of a specific wavelength in a range including the light receiving surface of each photoelectric conversion sensor. Can be. An example of this cover is shown in FIG. Note that FIG. 8 (a) shows the support state of the photoelectric conversion sensor 8 and the outline of the cover 9, and FIGS. 8 (b) and 8 (c) show the state of the cover 9 covered by the cross section of the VIII-VIII line. Shows.

As described above, each photoelectric conversion sensor 8 uses a solar cell, a photodiode, a phototransistor, a pyroelectric element, a photoelectric cell, or the like. Therefore, even when a plurality of photoelectric conversion sensors 8 are used, the individual photoelectric conversion sensors 8 are individually used. It is configured independently, and a cover 9 is individually provided for it. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8A, the photoelectric conversion sensor 8 is installed in a state of being housed in the holding portion 82 provided in the center of the base 81, and the photoelectric conversion sensor 8 is installed. The light receiving surface 80 of the above is assumed to be arranged at the upper end of the holding portion 82. The cover 9 is composed of a top plate portion 91 and a side wall portion 92 so as to cover the entire cover including the holding portion 82, and exemplifies an overall cap-shaped form.

As shown in FIG. 8B, an annular stopper 83 having an inner wall surface raised in an annular shape is formed inside the holding portion 82 provided on the base 81, and the photoelectric conversion sensor 8 has the annular stopper 83. It is supported by the stopper 83. Since the bottom portion of the photoelectric conversion sensor 8 is supported by the annular stopper 83, the entire height is maintained at a predetermined height, and the light receiving surface 80 is arranged at the upper end of the holding portion 82. The photoelectric conversion sensor 8 shown in FIG. 8B is a board 8a and an element 8b integrated, and the light receiving surface 80 is formed on the upper surface of the element 8b.

The material constituting the cover 9 having the above configuration (particularly the material of the top plate portion 91) can be appropriately processed to prevent birds, insects, etc. from flying in and to prevent damage due to falling of pebbles, etc. can. For example, a substance having a repellent effect (a repellent) can be applied to the surface of the top plate portion 91, or a laminated body made of a plate-shaped or film-shaped material containing the repellent can be laminated. When the laminated body is provided, as shown in FIG. 8C, the laminated body 93 is laminated on at least the surface of the top plate portion 91, and the laminated body 93 is provided on the outermost layer. As the repellent, ferric oxide and the like are used for birds, and diethyl toluamide is used as a repellent for insects. This repellent can also be applied to the side wall 92. It is effective when the purpose is to prevent the approach of insects or the like having no wings by applying a repellent to the side wall portion 92.

The material used for the top plate portion 91 or the laminated body 93 of the cover (outermost layer in the case of a multilayer structure) 9 is made of tempered glass, polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylic, vinyl chloride, polypropylene or polycarbonate. Alternatively, it can be composed of a mixture of these with reinforcing fibers. Further, polytetrafluoroethylene containing glass fiber or the like is suitable, and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFPR) or glass fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) may be used. Engineering plastics having heat resistance or super engineering plastics having high solvent resistance in addition to heat resistance may be used. By using such a reinforcing material, for example, it is possible to protect the pebbles from falling by a crow or the like. Further, a synthetic resin, a foaming material (urethane or the like), rubber, an elastomer or the like can be appropriately used for the lower layer of the top plate portion 91. Further, if the material used for the lower layer of the top plate portion 91 is porous (porous), a more impact mitigating effect can be obtained and the transmittance can be adjusted.

Further, for the surface of the top plate portion 91 or the laminated body 93, a material having a dimming effect can be used for the purpose of preventing the arrival of birds. Materials having a dimming effect include colored glass and colored resin. The colored resin can be made of a resin film or can be made of a resin plate. As the color to be colored, black, gray, white, silver, or the like is assumed. The purpose is to prevent the arrival of birds and insects with feathers by using black and white as the base color. Regarding the translucency, the wavelength of the transmitted light is limited by coloring in order to allow the transmission of only a specific wavelength.

Further, as a film having a dimming effect, it is possible to use a dimming effect film such as a film having an ND (Neutral Density) filter function or a polarizing film, or a substantially plate-like object. In addition, the dimming effect can be obtained by performing surface unevenness processing such as matte processing, frost processing, dimple processing, and embossing processing. The matte or frosted process limits the generation of reflected light by eliminating the gloss on the surface, which reduces the transmitted light intensity, while the dimple or embossed process is linear. By refracting the incident light, the transmitted light intensity is lowered. By reducing the intensity of transmitted light, it is possible to detect slight changes in solar radiation. The surface unevenness processing is also effective in repelling birds and insects.

When the laminated body 93 as shown in FIG. 8C is provided, the top plate portion 91 is made of a dimming resin film, and the laminated body 93 is frosted glass-like (frosted) tempered glass. It may be configured as such. Further, when the laminated body 93 is made of a dimming resin film, the top plate portion 91 may be configured to use tempered glass for reinforcement, and when the laminated body 93 is made of tempered glass, the top plate portion 91 may be used. It can be made of a resin film for shock absorption. When the top plate portion 91 is made of a hard material, a resin film for shock absorption may be laminated between the top plate portion 91 and the laminated body 93.

Further, as the laminated body 93 or as a material to be further laminated on the laminated body 93, a material having either or both of water resistance and water repellency can be used. Since the material having water resistance or water repellency is for protecting the photoelectric conversion sensor 8 from rainwater or the like, it is preferable to use the material to be laminated as the outermost layer.

Then, as described above, when various materials are laminated on the laminated body 93, a conductive material or a material having a photocatalytic ability can be further applied to the surface. Examples of the conductive material include ITO (In ₂ O ₃ : Sn), and examples of the material having photocatalytic activity include titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) and zinc oxide (ZnO). When applying a conductive material, it is possible to prevent the adsorption of dust and the like by discharging static electricity, and when applying a material having photocatalytic activity, it is possible to eliminate water stains and the like due to rainfall and the like. , It is possible to eliminate the attenuation of light transmission due to installation outdoors for a long period of time. These materials having photocatalytic activity or conductive materials are not limited to being applied to the surface, and may be contained in the materials constituting the laminate 93. The content of these materials can be obtained by kneading at the time of producing the laminated body 93.

The wall thickness of the cover 9 of each form according to the above configuration is about 1 mm for a single layer when a plate-shaped member is used, and about 2 mm to 3 mm for a multi-layer structure. When a resin film is used, the thickness is 0.1 mm for a single layer and 1.1 mm to 2.2 mm for a multi-layered structure using a plate-like material. By setting these wall thicknesses to 0.1 mm at the minimum, the minimum intensity is guaranteed, and by setting the upper limit to 5 mm at the maximum, the transmitted light intensity due to the dimming effect is maintained to some extent, and the transmitted light intensity is maintained to some extent. The weight is reduced. However, when the impact absorbing material is used or when the surface has an uneven structure, the total thickness may be about 10 mm. In the case of this type of configuration, the weight does not increase significantly, and the reduction of the transmitted light intensity by the dimming effect material can be adjusted by appropriately selecting the material. When colored glass or colored resin is used, it is possible to transmit light in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm by using the color as a black-and-white base, but the transmitted light wavelength can be changed by other colors. It may be limited to a part of the above range. The wavelength band of these transmitted lights will be determined by the purpose (target facility, etc.) of the prediction (cloud shadow prediction) of the amount of solar radiation (solar radiation intensity) in the region affected by the cloud shadow. Due to the dimming effect, the transmitted light is in the range of 0.01% to 95% with respect to the irradiation light, and the amount of solar radiation (solar intensity) can be measured by the change in the transmitted light intensity limited by the dimming. It is possible.

<Observation device>
Next, an embodiment of an observation device that can be used for the cloud shadow behavior prediction system and the environmental monitoring system as described above will be described. The observation device is used when observation is performed by the solar radiation sensor 2 (and the environment sensor 7) and the celestial sphere camera 3 at the same measurement point, and the behavior prediction system and environment of the cloud shadow. It is a device that can be particularly preferably used in the implementation of a monitoring system.

Therefore, FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b) show embodiments relating to the observation device. 9 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IXB-IXB of FIG. 9 (a). As shown in these figures, the present embodiment is configured as an integrated observation device 100 in which various sensors and the like are integrally held. The observation device 100 has a configuration in which a flat plate portion 102 formed in a brim shape is integrally provided with a support portion (post or the like) 101 that can be erected or self-supporting. A surface having an appropriate area is formed on the upper part of the support portion 101 and the flat plate portion 102, and a holding portion is formed by a part of the support portion 101 (near the upper part) and the flat plate portion 102, and the installation area is formed by these upper surfaces. Is formed. The flat plate portion 102 (the upper surface thereof) is provided so as to be orthogonal to the axis of the support portion 101, and the upper surface of the flat plate portion 102 is provided so as to be horizontal when the axis of the support column 101 is installed in the vertical direction. Has been done. Therefore, when the upper surface of the flat plate portion 102 is installed so as to be horizontal, the axis of the support portion 101 is in the vertical direction.

In the present embodiment, the upward omnidirectional camera 3 is held at the upper end of the support column 101 (a part of the installation area), and the solar radiation sensor 2 is held on the upper surface of the flat plate portion 102 (a part of the installation area). Alternatively, the environment sensor 7 or both (hereinafter referred to as solar radiation sensors, etc. 2, 7) are appropriately held at positions. The solar radiation sensors, etc. 2 and 7 have an appropriate distance from the center of the support column 101 (the installation position of the spherical camera 3), and the central angle at the center has an appropriate distance from each other, for example, in units of 90 °. It is supposed to be held in four places. In the case of this example, the four held locations can be arranged in four directions, for example, north, south, east, and west.

Levels 103 and 104 in two directions are provided on the upper surface (part of the installation area) of the flat plate portion 102 of the present embodiment, and the upper surface (part of the installation area) of the flat plate portion 102 is in a horizontal state. It is possible to confirm that it is. For example, when the orientation of the spherical camera 3 is held in advance along the axis of the support portion 101, the spherical camera 3 can be moved by keeping the upper surface of the flat plate portion 102 horizontal. Since it is arranged in the vertical direction, it is possible to acquire an image of the sky centered directly above the measurement point.

Further, by providing the azimuth sensor (compass or the like) 105, the four solar radiation sensors 2 and 7 illustrated above can be arranged according to a desired azimuth. By installing the antenna 106 on a part of the support portion 101 or the flat plate portion 102, it is possible to transmit data to an external device (for example, a processing device 4 or the like). The antenna 106 does not need to be provided in the flat plate portion 102, and may be provided in a hollow interior formed inside the support column 101, as will be described later. Further, a flange portion 107 may be formed at the lower end of the support portion 101, and in this case, the fastening device 108 can be used to fasten and fix the support portion 101 to another member.

The support column 101 has a structure having a cylindrical or hollow inside, and a processing device 109a (for example, a calculation unit 32) for image analysis by the spherical camera 3 can be housed inside the support column 101. In the processing device 109a, the spherical camera 3 and the solar radiation sensors 2 and 7 may be provided with transmission means for transmission processing of acquired data. The processing device 109a can be configured to include a device for detecting the time and the like, and also have other necessary functions (such as a processing unit for calculating the maximum output voltage value). Further, if necessary, a power supply 109b can be provided inside. The power supply 109b can be a short-time drive power supply. When using an external commercial power supply, a transformer may be installed in place of the power supply 109b.

Further, although not shown, the upper portion of the support portion 101 or the flat plate portion 102 (these may be collectively referred to as a “holding portion”) may be exposed to the outside if necessary, depending on the case. With the built-in state, sensors required for other environmental monitors can be provided. For example, a thermometer, a hygrometer, or the like can be provided on the back surface side of the flat plate portion 102 while avoiding sunlight. In addition, equipment with little need to be installed outside, such as equipment for acquiring position information and equipment for confirming the time, can be installed inside the support column 101.

As described above, when the inside of the support portion 101 has a hollow structure, as shown in the figure, the flat plate portion 102 can also have a hollow portion and the wiring can be arranged inside the flat plate portion 102. The structure in which the hollow portion is provided in the portion 102 can be easily configured by, for example, a method of laminating an annular spacer having the same outer diameter dimension between the plate-shaped members constituting the upper surface and the back surface. The shape of the flat plate portion 102 does not have to be a circular collar shape, and may be rectangular, or may be provided in a flat shape at the upper end of the support portion 101. The shape of the support portion 101 does not have to be cylindrical or cylindrical, and the shape does not matter as long as it can support the flat plate portion 102 (holding portion). In particular, the flat plate portion 102 may be in a state in which 2, 7 or other devices such as an illuminance sensor can be installed. By having a configuration having distant parts, it is possible to install each device in the parts. Further, the installation area may be formed only by the skeleton without having a flat surface. In this case, it can be a frame of various shapes, and can be a circular, quadrangular, or triangular frame. Further, the support portion 101 is not limited to being installed in the center, and may be in an eccentric position or may be configured in a cantilever shape (one arm).

The present embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9 illustrates that only one spherical camera 3 is installed at the upper end of the support portion 101, but even if a plurality of spherical cameras 3 are provided. good. When a plurality of cameras are provided, one is used to acquire an image for calculating the moving direction of the cloud (output to the calculation unit) from the acquired image as described above, and the other camera is for image transmission. It may be used as. In this case, it can be used for confirmation by displaying it on a monitor at the place where the processing device 4 is installed. If the spherical camera 3 in this case is a normal camera and the shooting direction can be remotely controlled, it can also be used as an image acquisition of the surrounding situation in the environmental monitoring system. Further, one of the plurality of spherical cameras 3 may be used as an infrared camera. In this case, the infrared camera can be used as an image acquisition of the surrounding situation in cloudy weather or at night, and can be used for an environmental monitoring system. .. When used in an environmental monitoring system, it is more suitable if the shooting direction can be remotely controlled.

Regardless of the form, the spherical camera 3 and the solar radiation sensors 2 and 7 are integrated by the observation device 100 and are installed together in one place. Therefore, these sensors are installed together. Kind can identify the position where it is installed collectively. When the device for specifying the position is built in only one of these (for example, the spherical camera 3), the position information by the device can be used as the position information of all the sensors and other devices. It will be a thing.

<Modifications and usage of observation equipment>
The embodiment of the observation device 100 is as described above, but the above is an example, and the configuration of the observation device 100 can be changed as appropriate. For example, the number of solar radiation sensors 2 and 7 is not limited to four, and the number of solar radiation sensors 2 may be two, the number of environment sensors 7 may be one, and the number of necessary environment sensors 7 may be large. It may be installed. Further, the height of the flat plate portion 102 is arbitrary, and as shown in FIG. 10A, the support portion 101 may be configured to project upward at the center. In this case, the solar radiation sensors 2 and 7 provided on the upper surface of the flat plate portion 102 formed in the shape of a brim are provided at a lower position than the support portion 101 around the support portion 101, but the support portion By arranging them at a sufficient distance from 101, it is possible to arrange them so that the illuminance is not blocked by the support portion 101. If the solar radiation sensor 2 on the north side is not installed, the possibility that the solar radiation is blocked can be reduced.

By the way, in the installation of the spherical camera 3 and the solar radiation sensor 2 and 7 by the observation device 100 in this way, for example, as shown in FIG. The observation device 100 equipped with the above can be installed. A support portion for installing the observation device 100 is required on the utility pole P, but the observation device 100 can be instructed by the support portion so that the observation device 100 can be installed at an appropriate height. At this time, by setting the position higher than the power line 110 for power supply, it is possible to avoid obstacles to observation of the spherical camera 3 and the solar radiation sensors 2 and 7. However, since an overhead ground wire 120 or the like may be erected further above, the observation device 100 is preferably installed on the south side of the utility pole P.

In this way, when installed on the utility pole P, it is possible to receive power from the power line 110 to which power is supplied, and to transmit data using a communication cable provided inside the overhead ground wire 120. Will be. By providing it below the overhead ground wire 120, it is possible to protect it from lightning strikes, and it is possible to enable continuous environmental monitoring in stormy weather.

<Summary>
Each embodiment of the present invention is as described above, and the cloud shadow behavior prediction system predicts the influence of cloud shadows based on the actually measured solar radiation intensity, and is an all-sky camera ( A behavior vector is generated from the moving direction of the cloud by the aerial image acquisition means) and the moving speed of the cloud shadow by the solar radiation sensor, and it is possible to predict the point affected by the cloud shadow by the vector. By using such a cloud shadow behavior prediction system, it is possible to predict the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device, and by using an environment sensor together, it can function as an environmental monitoring system. be.

It should be noted that each of the above embodiments shows an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not intended to be limited to these embodiments. Therefore, the components of the embodiment shown above can be modified and other elements can be added.

For example, the state of solar radiation to be measured by the solar radiation sensors 2Aa to 2Ee is defined as the solar radiation intensity (W / m ² ), but for the same purpose, the solar radiation amount (J / m ² ), illuminance (lx), and photon. Bundle density (μmol ・ m ^-2・ s ^-1 ), solar dependence resistance (Ω), solar power generation (kW / m ² ) or solar heat collection (kW / m ² ), etc. By 1 or more selected from, it can be determined as the state of solar radiation that can be measured by this embodiment.

Further, regarding the solar radiation measurement network 1, only the state of being constructed as a substantially quadrangular grid based on the square grid in each of the above embodiments is shown, but the solar radiation measurement network 1 may be constructed in another shape. can. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11A, a substantially circular grid-shaped solar radiation measuring network 10 based on a concentric grid centered on a specific point to be predicted (for example, an installation point of a photovoltaic power generation device). Can be built. In this case, by installing a solar radiation sensor with the intersection as the measurement point, the cloud shadow moving toward the specific point will sequentially pass through multiple measurement points on the concentric circles, and the solar radiation intensity at the two points will be passed. The speed can be easily calculated by the change of. Further, as shown in FIG. 11B, a solar radiation measuring network 20 having a substantially hexagonal grid shape based on a hexagonal grid may be constructed. In this case, since it is possible to provide measurement points in the angular direction in addition to the arrangement of measurement points in the north-south direction and the east-west direction like a substantially square grid, the number of measurement points affected by cloud shadows. Can be increased. Further, although not shown, it may be constructed as a substantially triangular grid based on a triangular grid, or as a substantially polygonal grid based on another polygon. These are changed as appropriate according to the purpose of predicting cloud shadow behavior, target facilities, and the like.

1,10,20 Sunlight measurement network 2,2Aa, 2Ab, 2Ac, 2Ae, 2Ba, 2Bb, 2Bc, 2Be, 2Ca, 2Cb, 2Cc, 2Cd, 2Da, 2Dc, 2Dd, 2De, 2Ea, 2Ec, 2Ed, 2Ee Sensors 3, 3Ba, 3Bc, 3Be, 3Da, 3Dc, 3De spherical camera (sky image acquisition unit, sky image acquisition means)
4 Processing device 5 Monitor 6 Portable terminal 7, 7Aa, 7Ab, 7Ac Environmental sensor 8 Photoelectric conversion sensor 8a Board 8b Element 9 Cover 11 Photoelectric conversion sensor 12 Bypass diode 13 Resistor 14 Thermistor 15 Operational amplifier (for impedance conversion)
16 Operational amplifier (for maximum value selection)
30,30Ba, 30Bc, 30Be Image information acquisition unit 31 Storage unit 32 Calculation unit (analysis means)
33 Output unit 41 Input analysis module 42 Storage unit (storage means)
43 Calculation unit (predictive information processing means, solar radiation state derivation means, determination means)
44 Output part 80 Light receiving surface 81 Base 82 Holding part 83 Ring stopper 91 Cover top plate part 92 Cover side wall part 93 Laminated body 100 Observing device 101 Support part 102 Flat plate part 103, 104 Level 105 Direction sensor 106 Antenna 107 Flange Part 108 Tightening device 109a Processing device 109b Power supply 110 Power line 120 Overhead ground wire A Area where the behavior of cloud shadows should be predicted (prediction target area)
C cloud Cs cloud shadow S sun P utility pole X, Y, Z terminals

Claims (16)

A solar radiation measurement network constructed by distributing the measurement points of solar radiation intensity at appropriate intervals,
A solar radiation sensor installed at each measurement point of the solar radiation measurement network and composed of a pyranometer,
An aerial image acquisition means that is installed together with the solar radiation sensor or at a position different from the solar radiation sensor to acquire an image of the sky.
A solar radiation state deriving means for deriving the solar radiation state at each measurement point based on the difference in the solar radiation intensity measured by each solar radiation sensor at each measurement point.
An analysis means for analyzing the moving direction of clouds existing in the image based on a change in the sky image acquired by the sky image acquisition means.
Based on the moving direction of the cloud analyzed by the analysis means and the state of the solar radiation related to the two or more measurement points derived by the solar radiation state derivation means, the change of the region affected by the cloud shadow is created as predictive information. A cloud shadow behavior prediction system characterized by having a means for creating prediction information. The prediction information creating means extracts two or more measurement points where the solar radiation intensity has changed based on the solar radiation state at each measurement point derived by the solar radiation state derivation means, and the movement of the cloud analyzed by the analysis means. The cloud shadow behavior prediction system according to claim 1, wherein the moving speed of the cloud shadow is calculated based on the direction and the distance between the two or more measurement points extracted. The predictive information creating means further extracts the measurement points where the illuminance intensity has decreased based on the solar radiation state for each measurement point derived by the solar radiation state derivation means, and specifies the range of the extracted measurement points. The cloud shadow behavior prediction system according to claim 2, which calculates the width of the cloud shadow. The predictive information creating means further extracts a plurality of measurement points where the solar illuminance intensity has decreased based on the solar radiation state at each measurement point derived by the solar radiation state derivation means, and based on the rate of decrease in the solar radiation intensity. , The behavior prediction system for cloud shadows according to claim 2 or 3, which calculates the degree of influence of solar radiation due to cloud shadows. The solar radiation measurement network has a shape or a shape selected from a substantially circular grid, a substantially triangular grid, a substantially triangular grid, and a substantially geometric grid in a plan view of the target area for which the behavior of cloud shadows should be predicted. The cloud shadow according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which has a shape formed by combining two or more, and the measurement point is a grid-like intersection point forming the solar radiation measurement network. Behavior prediction system. Claims 1 to 5 further include one or two or more selected from the short-time drive power source, the transmission means, the data storage means, the position information acquisition means, and the direction detection means, or both of the solar radiation sensor and the aerial image acquisition means. The cloud shadow behavior prediction system described in any of the above. A power generation amount prediction system at a solar power generation device installation point using the cloud shadow behavior prediction system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
The predictive information creating means further converts the amount of power generated by photovoltaic power generation calculated from the solar radiation intensity measured by the solar radiation sensor, and is affected by cloud shadows at the point where the photovoltaic power generation device is installed. A power generation amount prediction system at a solar power generation device installation point, which determines the presence or absence of a solar power source and calculates the time zone when affected by cloud shadows and the amount of power generation in the time zone. An environmental monitoring system that uses the cloud shadow behavior prediction system according to claims 1 to 6.
Temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, wind direction sensor, wind speed sensor, rain sensor, rain amount sensor, snow cover sensor, snowstorm sensor, water level sensor, sound sensor, optical sensor, visibility sensor, smoke sensor, flame for each measurement point One or more environmental sensors selected from sensors, vibration sensors, fine particle sensors, photon sensors, spectrophoton sensors, carbon monoxide content sensors, carbon dioxide sensors and nitrogen oxide sensors,
An environmental monitoring system comprising. The environmental monitoring system according to claim 8, further comprising either one or both of the downward image acquisition means and the sideways image acquisition means at each measurement point. Further, the environment sensor includes an energization state sensing sensor.
The environmental monitoring system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the determination means determines an outdoor environment level based on the presence or absence of an energization state by the energization sensing sensor. Further, a storage means for cumulatively storing the measured values by the environment sensor and the determination results for determining the outdoor environment level by the determination means while relating them to each other.
A comparison means for comparing the change in the measured value by the environment sensor with the change in the measured value leading to the determination result when the outdoor environment level stored in the storage means is determined.
Equipped with a notification means to notify the deterioration of the outdoor environment
The determination means outputs a notification signal to the notification means when the result of the comparison by the comparison means matches the tendency of the change in the measured value when the decrease in the outdoor environment level stored in the storage means is determined. The environmental monitoring system according to any one of claims 8 to 10. When the result of the comparison by the comparison means differs from the average value of the measured values by the environment sensor stored in the storage means within a range exceeding the threshold value, the determination means sends a notification signal to the notification means. The environmental monitoring system according to claim 11, which outputs the above. The observation device used for the cloud shadow behavior prediction system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the power generation amount prediction system according to claim 7, or the environmental monitoring system according to any one of claims 8 to 12. There,
A holding portion for holding the solar radiation sensor and the aerial image acquisition means is provided, and the holding portion is formed with an installation area of an appropriate range in which the solar radiation sensor and the aerial image acquisition means can be installed. Is an observation device characterized in that a plurality of solar radiation sensors are provided at appropriate intervals from each other, and the aerial image acquisition means is provided at appropriate intervals from each of the solar radiation sensors. The holding portion is provided with an aerial image acquisition means near the center, and has a plurality of illuminance sensors at positions and heights around the aerial image acquisition means where the illuminance is not blocked by the aerial image acquisition means. The observation device according to claim 13, wherein the image is arranged. Further, it functions as a device for confirming the level of the entire or part of the installation area, a device for confirming the orientation, a device for acquiring position information, a device for confirming the time, and the environment sensor. The observation device according to claim 13 or 14, comprising one or more devices arbitrarily selected from appropriate devices for the purpose. The holding portion is appropriately supported by the supporting portion, and is supported in a state as appropriate.
15. The 15. 10. Observation device.

Images