JP2022025810A - Storage battery system and method for diagnosing deterioration of capacity of storage battery - Google Patents

Storage battery system and method for diagnosing deterioration of capacity of storage battery Download PDF

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JP2022025810A
JP2022025810A JP2020128903A JP2020128903A JP2022025810A JP 2022025810 A JP2022025810 A JP 2022025810A JP 2020128903 A JP2020128903 A JP 2020128903A JP 2020128903 A JP2020128903 A JP 2020128903A JP 2022025810 A JP2022025810 A JP 2022025810A
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storage battery
charge
prohibition period
discharge
management device
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雅浩 米元
Masahiro Yonemoto
智晃 高橋
Tomoaki Takahashi
駿弥 内藤
Shunya Naito
健志 篠宮
Kenji Shinomiya
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3828—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC using current integration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

To provide a technology capable of accurately diagnosing deterioration of a capacity, for a storage battery in which charging and discharging are performed repeatedly.SOLUTION: In a storage battery system, a storage battery management device has a prohibition period setting unit that calculates a capacity deterioration rate based on a first charge rate (SOC (t1)) obtained from an open circuit voltage estimate value at a first time (t1), a second charge rate (SOC (t2)) obtained from an open circuit voltage estimate value at a second time (t2), and an integrated value of the current from the first time (t1) to the second time (t2), sets a first charging/discharging prohibition period before the first time (t1), sets a second charging/discharging prohibition period before the second time (t2), sets either a charging prohibition period or a discharging prohibition period between the first time (t1) and the second charging/discharging prohibition period.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4A

Description

本発明は、蓄電池システムおよび蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a storage battery system and a method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of the storage battery.

リチウムイオン電池を代表とする蓄電池は、蓄電池の劣化を抑制するために充電率を正確に把握し、適切な範囲で使用することが求められる。充電率の推定方法は、電池の開回路電圧を推定してから、開回路電圧と充電率の関係を参照して充電率を推定する方式と、電流の積算値を基に充電率を推定する方式と、前記２方式を状況に応じて組み合わせて演算する方式の３種類に大別される。 Storage batteries typified by lithium-ion batteries are required to accurately grasp the charge rate and use them within an appropriate range in order to suppress deterioration of the storage batteries. The charge rate estimation method is to estimate the open circuit voltage of the battery and then estimate the charge rate by referring to the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the charge rate, and to estimate the charge rate based on the integrated value of the current. It is roughly divided into three types: a method and a method in which the above two methods are combined and calculated according to the situation.

大電流の充放電中は、電流の積算値を基に充電率を演算する方式が有効であるが、この方式は蓄電池の容量劣化を加味する必要があり、この点で蓄電池の容量劣化診断技術が重要となる。 During charging and discharging of a large current, a method of calculating the charge rate based on the integrated value of the current is effective, but this method needs to take into account the capacity deterioration of the storage battery, and in this respect, the capacity deterioration diagnosis technology of the storage battery. Is important.

そこで、蓄電池の容量劣化診断のために、２つの時刻（ｔ１，ｔ２）において開回路電圧推定値から求める２つの充電率（ＳＯＣｖ（ｔ１），ＳＯＣｖ（ｔ２））と、前記２つの時刻（ｔ１，ｔ２）の間の電流積算値と、から容量劣化を診断することが一般的に行われている。 Therefore, for the diagnosis of capacity deterioration of the storage battery, two charge rates (SOCv (t1), SOCv (t2)) obtained from the estimated open circuit voltage at two times (t1, t2) and the above two times (t1). , T2), it is common practice to diagnose capacity deterioration from the integrated current value.

例えば、特許文献１には、蓄電池の充電前後の開回路電圧推定値から求める２つの充電率（ＳＯＣｖ（ｔ１），ＳＯＣｖ（ｔ２））と、２つの時刻（ｔ１，ｔ２）の間の電流積算値と、から容量劣化を診断する技術が開示される。 For example, in Patent Document 1, two charge rates (SOCv (t1) and SOCv (t2)) obtained from the estimated open circuit voltage before and after charging the storage battery and current integration between two times (t1, t2) are integrated. The value and the technique for diagnosing capacity deterioration are disclosed.

特許第５６７３６５４号公報Japanese Patent No. 5673654

蓄電池のみを動力源とするＥＶや蓄電池電車などの場合は、蓄電池の使用率が高いことから、短時間で急速充電を行うことが多い。そして、急速充電時には、短時間のうちに充電率が大きく変化するため、このタイミングで上記の容量劣化診断手法を適用するのが有効である。
一方、エンジン出力を蓄電池がアシストするようなハイブリッド自動車やハイブリッド気動車などの場合は、外部電源を用いた急速充電のようなケースが少なく、ＥＶや蓄電池電車に比べて、狭い充電率の範囲で充放電が繰り返されることが多い。そして、このような充放電管理は、上位制御装置によって制御される。
このため、ハイブリッド自動車やハイブリッド気動車などの場合は、容量劣化診断に適したタイミングが存在しないことから、十分な容量劣化診断精度を確保できないといった課題がある。 In the case of EVs and battery trains that use only storage batteries as their power source, the usage rate of storage batteries is high, so quick charging is often performed in a short time. Since the charging rate changes significantly within a short period of time during rapid charging, it is effective to apply the above-mentioned capacity deterioration diagnosis method at this timing.
On the other hand, in the case of hybrid vehicles and hybrid diesel railcars where the engine output is assisted by the storage battery, there are few cases such as quick charging using an external power source, and the charge rate is narrower than that of EVs and battery trains. Discharge is often repeated. Then, such charge / discharge management is controlled by the host control device.
Therefore, in the case of a hybrid vehicle or a hybrid diesel railcar, there is no timing suitable for the capacity deterioration diagnosis, so that there is a problem that sufficient capacity deterioration diagnosis accuracy cannot be ensured.

そこで、本発明は、充放電が繰り返される蓄電池について、正確に容量劣化を診断する技術を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for accurately diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery that is repeatedly charged and discharged.

上記課題を解決するために、代表的な本発明の蓄電池システムの一つは、蓄電池管理装置が、第１の時刻（ｔ１）において開回路電圧推定値から求める第１の充電率（ＳＯＣ（ｔ１））と、第２の時刻（ｔ２）において開回路電圧推定値から求める第２の充電率（ＳＯＣ（ｔ２））と、第１の時刻（ｔ１）から第２の時刻（ｔ２）までの電流の積算値とから、容量劣化率を演算し、第１の時刻（ｔ１）の前に第１の充放電禁止期間を設定し、第２の時刻（ｔ２）の前に第２の充放電禁止期間を設定し、第１の時刻（ｔ１）と第２の充放電禁止期間の間に充電禁止期間と放電禁止期間のいずれか１つを設定する禁止期間設定部を有する。 In order to solve the above problems, one of the representative storage battery systems of the present invention is a first charge rate (SOC (t1)) obtained by the storage battery management device from the open circuit voltage estimated value at the first time (t1). )), The second charge rate (SOC (t2)) obtained from the open circuit voltage estimated value at the second time (t2), and the current from the first time (t1) to the second time (t2). The capacity deterioration rate is calculated from the integrated value of, the first charge / discharge prohibition period is set before the first time (t1), and the second charge / discharge prohibition is set before the second time (t2). It has a prohibition period setting unit that sets a period and sets any one of a charge prohibition period and a discharge prohibition period between the first time (t1) and the second charge / discharge prohibition period.

本発明によれば、充放電が繰り返される蓄電池について、正確に容量劣化を診断することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to accurately diagnose capacity deterioration of a storage battery that is repeatedly charged and discharged.

上記した以外の課題、構成及び効果は、以下の実施形態の説明により明らかにされる。 Issues, configurations and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of the embodiments.

実施例の蓄電池システムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the storage battery system of an Example. 蓄電池のＳＯＣ－ＯＣＶ特性の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the SOC-OCV characteristic of a storage battery. 容量劣化診断モードにおける蓄電池管理装置の動作の例を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the example of the operation of the storage battery management apparatus in the capacity deterioration diagnosis mode. 容量劣化診断モードにおける蓄電池の充電率（ＳＯＣ）の推移の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the transition of the charge rate (SOC) of a storage battery in a capacity deterioration diagnosis mode. 容量劣化診断モードにおける蓄電池の充電率（ＳＯＣ）の推移の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the transition of the charge rate (SOC) of a storage battery in a capacity deterioration diagnosis mode.

以下、図を参照して本発明を実施するための形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

＜蓄電池システムの全体構成＞
まず、実施例の蓄電池システムの全体構成について説明する。
図１は、実施例の蓄電池システムの構成を示す図である。同図において、蓄電池システム１００は、１つまたは複数の蓄電池１０１と、蓄電池１０１に流れる電流値を測定する電流センサ１０２と、蓄電池の電圧を測定する電圧センサ１０３と、蓄電池の温度を測定する温度センサ１０４と、蓄電池管理装置１０５から構成され、蓄電池の充放電電流、または充放電電力を直接制御する上位制御装置１０６に接続可能である。そして、蓄電池管理装置１０５は、禁止期間設定部１０５ａを有する。 <Overall configuration of storage battery system>
First, the overall configuration of the storage battery system of the embodiment will be described.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a storage battery system according to an embodiment. In the figure, the storage battery system 100 includes one or a plurality of storage batteries 101, a current sensor 102 for measuring the current value flowing through the storage battery 101, a voltage sensor 103 for measuring the voltage of the storage battery, and a temperature for measuring the temperature of the storage battery. It is composed of a sensor 104 and a storage battery management device 105, and can be connected to a host control device 106 that directly controls the charge / discharge current or charge / discharge power of the storage battery. The storage battery management device 105 has a prohibition period setting unit 105a.

蓄電池１０１は、リチウムイオン電池や、鉛蓄電池、ニッケル水素電池、ニッケルカドミウム電池などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。 Examples of the storage battery 101 include, but are not limited to, a lithium ion battery, a lead storage battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, and a nickel cadmium battery.

電流センサ１０２は、ホール型センサやシャント型センサなどが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。 Examples of the current sensor 102 include, but are not limited to, a hall type sensor and a shunt type sensor.

蓄電池管理装置１０５は、蓄電池１０１の電流、電圧、温度を監視し、蓄電池１０１の充電率や劣化率等の内部状態を推定演算し、上位制御装置１０６に送る。そして、禁止期間設定部１０５ａは、充放電禁止期間、充電禁止期間または放電禁止期間を設定する。 The storage battery management device 105 monitors the current, voltage, and temperature of the storage battery 101, estimates and calculates internal states such as the charge rate and deterioration rate of the storage battery 101, and sends them to the host control device 106. Then, the prohibition period setting unit 105a sets the charge / discharge prohibition period, the charge prohibition period, or the discharge prohibition period.

上位制御装置１０６は、下位制御装置である蓄電池管理装置１０５などから送信された情報を基に蓄電池１０１の充放電電流または充放電電力を決定する。 The upper control device 106 determines the charge / discharge current or charge / discharge power of the storage battery 101 based on the information transmitted from the storage battery management device 105 or the like, which is a lower control device.

＜充電率（ＳＯＣ）の推定＞
次に、蓄電池１０１の充電率（ＳＯＣ）の推定について説明する。
まず、電圧センサ１０３により蓄電池１０１の閉回路電圧を測定し、電流センサ１０２により蓄電池１０１に流れる電流値を測定する。そして、閉回路電圧と電流値とから、蓄電池１０１の開回路電圧（ＯＣＶ）を推定する。次に、開回路電圧推定値から、蓄電池１０１の充電率（ＳＯＣ）を推定する。
推定の方法としては、例えば、閉回路電圧から、電流値と蓄電池１０１のモデル化した抵抗値との積を差し引いて、開回路電圧（ＯＣＶ）を推定し、そして、開回路電圧推定値から、図２に示すような蓄電池１０１のＳＯＣ－ＯＣＶ特性を参照して、蓄電池１０１の充電率（ＳＯＣ）を推定する方法などがある。 <Estimation of charge rate (SOC)>
Next, the estimation of the charge rate (SOC) of the storage battery 101 will be described.
First, the closed circuit voltage of the storage battery 101 is measured by the voltage sensor 103, and the current value flowing through the storage battery 101 is measured by the current sensor 102. Then, the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the storage battery 101 is estimated from the closed circuit voltage and the current value. Next, the charge rate (SOC) of the storage battery 101 is estimated from the estimated open circuit voltage.
As an estimation method, for example, the open circuit voltage (OCV) is estimated by subtracting the product of the current value and the modeled resistance value of the storage battery 101 from the closed circuit voltage, and the open circuit voltage estimation value is used. There is a method of estimating the charge rate (SOC) of the storage battery 101 with reference to the SOC-OCV characteristics of the storage battery 101 as shown in FIG.

＜蓄電池管理装置の動作＞
次に、蓄電池管理装置１０５の動作について説明する。
図３は、容量劣化診断モードにおける蓄電池管理装置の動作の例を示すフローチャートである。
また、図４Ａおよび図４Ｂは、容量劣化診断モードにおける蓄電池の充電率（ＳＯＣ）の推移の例を示す図である。図４Ａは、容量劣化診断モードに入った後に充電率（ＳＯＣ）が第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）に達する場合の例であり、図４Ｂは、容量劣化診断モードに入った後に充電率（ＳＯＣ）が第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）に達する場合の例を示したものである。 <Operation of storage battery management device>
Next, the operation of the storage battery management device 105 will be described.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the storage battery management device in the capacity deterioration diagnosis mode.
Further, FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing an example of the transition of the charge rate (SOC) of the storage battery in the capacity deterioration diagnosis mode. FIG. 4A is an example in which the charge rate (SOC) reaches the first threshold value (SOCth1) after entering the capacity deterioration diagnosis mode, and FIG. 4B shows the charge rate (SOC) after entering the capacity deterioration diagnosis mode. Is shown as an example of the case where the second threshold value (SOCth2) is reached.

まず、蓄電池管理装置１０５を動作させる前に、蓄電池を使用する充電率（ＳＯＣ）の範囲内に、第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）および第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）を設定する。図４Ａおよび図４Ｂに示すように、第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）は第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）より大きいとする。第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）および第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）は、ＳＯＣ－ＯＣＶ特性の傾き（ｄＯＣＶ／ｄＳＯＣ）が大きい位置を選ぶとよい。これにより、開回路電圧推定値から蓄電池１０１のＳＯＣ－ＯＣＶ特性を参照して、蓄電池１０１の充電率（ＳＯＣ）を正確に推定することができる。
また、第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）および第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）は、第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）と第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）の差が大きい位置を選ぶとよい。これにより、蓄電池１０１の容量劣化率を正確に推定することができる。 First, before operating the storage battery management device 105, a first threshold value (SOCth1) and a second threshold value (SOCth2) are set within the range of the charge rate (SOC) in which the storage battery is used. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, it is assumed that the first threshold value (SOCth1) is larger than the second threshold value (SOCth2). For the first threshold value (SOCth1) and the second threshold value (SOCth2), it is preferable to select a position where the slope of the SOC-OCV characteristic (dOCV / dSOC) is large. Thereby, the charge rate (SOC) of the storage battery 101 can be accurately estimated by referring to the SOC-OCV characteristic of the storage battery 101 from the estimated value of the open circuit voltage.
Further, for the first threshold value (SOCth1) and the second threshold value (SOCth2), it is preferable to select a position where the difference between the first threshold value (SOCth1) and the second threshold value (SOCth2) is large. This makes it possible to accurately estimate the capacity deterioration rate of the storage battery 101.

なお、蓄電池管理装置１０５は、例えば、前回の診断から所定の時間が経過した、あるいは、蓄電池１０１の温度が所定の範囲内にあるなどの条件を満たした場合に、容量劣化を診断する容量劣化診断モードに入ることができる。そして、容量劣化診断モードに入った後に、図３に示す動作を開始する。容量劣化診断モードとなった後、充電率（ＳＯＣ）は、図４Ａに示すように、第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）に達する場合と、図４Ｂに示すように、第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）に達する場合とがある。 The storage battery management device 105 diagnoses capacity deterioration when, for example, a predetermined time has passed since the previous diagnosis or the temperature of the storage battery 101 is within a predetermined range. You can enter diagnostic mode. Then, after entering the capacity deterioration diagnosis mode, the operation shown in FIG. 3 is started. After entering the capacity deterioration diagnosis mode, the charge rate (SOC) reaches the first threshold value (SOCth1) as shown in FIG. 4A and the second threshold value (SOCth2) as shown in FIG. 4B. May reach.

＜＜充電率が第１の閾値に達する場合＞＞
まず、図４Ａに示すように、容量劣化診断モードとなった後、充電率（ＳＯＣ）が第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）に達する場合について説明する。
ステップ２０１では、図１に示す禁止期間設定部１０５ａが、第１の充放電禁止期間ａ（図４Ａにおいて、一点鎖線により区分された第１の期間）を設定する。充電率（ＳＯＣ）が第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）に達すると、所定の時間、例えば１０分間充放電を禁止して、過去の電流の影響が小さくなるのを待つ。これにより、正確な開回路電圧を推定することができる。 << When the charge rate reaches the first threshold >>
First, as shown in FIG. 4A, a case where the charge rate (SOC) reaches the first threshold value (SOCth1) after the capacity deterioration diagnosis mode is set will be described.
In step 201, the prohibition period setting unit 105a shown in FIG. 1 sets the first charge / discharge prohibition period a (the first period divided by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4A). When the charge rate (SOC) reaches the first threshold value (SOCth1), charging / discharging is prohibited for a predetermined time, for example, 10 minutes, and the influence of the past current becomes small. This makes it possible to estimate an accurate open circuit voltage.

ステップ２０２では、第１の充放電禁止期間の終了時を第１の時刻（ｔ１）とし、蓄電池管理装置１０５が、第１の時刻（ｔ１）において、開回路電圧推定値から第１の充電率（ＳＯＣ（ｔ１））を求め、電流の積算を開始する。 In step 202, the end of the first charge / discharge prohibition period is set as the first time (t1), and the storage battery management device 105 sets the first charge rate from the open circuit voltage estimated value at the first time (t1). (SOC (t1)) is obtained, and current integration is started.

ステップ２０３では、禁止期間設定部１０５ａが、第１の時刻（ｔ１）の後に、充電禁止期間ｂ（図４Ａにおいて、一点鎖線により区分された第２の期間）を設定する。これにより、短時間で充電率（ＳＯＣ）が第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）に達することができる。 In step 203, the prohibition period setting unit 105a sets the charge prohibition period b (the second period divided by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4A) after the first time (t1). As a result, the charge rate (SOC) can reach the second threshold value (SOCth2) in a short time.

ステップ２０４では、禁止期間設定部１０５ａが、充電禁止期間の後に第２の充放電禁止期間ｃ（図４Ａにおいて、一点鎖線により区分された第３の期間）を設定する。充電率（ＳＯＣ）が第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）に達すると、所定の時間、例えば１０分間充放電を禁止して、過去の電流の影響が小さくなるのを待つ。これにより、正確な開回路電圧を推定することができる。 In step 204, the prohibition period setting unit 105a sets the second charge / discharge prohibition period c (the third period divided by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4A) after the charge prohibition period. When the charge rate (SOC) reaches the second threshold value (SOCth2), charging / discharging is prohibited for a predetermined time, for example, 10 minutes, and the influence of the past current becomes small. This makes it possible to estimate an accurate open circuit voltage.

ステップ２０５では、第２の充放電禁止期間の終了時を第２の時刻（ｔ２）とし、蓄電池管理装置１０５が、第２の時刻（ｔ２）において、開回路電圧推定値から第２の充電率（ＳＯＣ（ｔ２））を求め、電流の積算を終了する。 In step 205, the end of the second charge / discharge prohibition period is set as the second time (t2), and the storage battery management device 105 sets the second charge rate from the open circuit voltage estimated value at the second time (t2). (SOC (t2)) is obtained, and the current integration is completed.

ステップ２０６では、蓄電池管理装置１０５が、第１の充電率（ＳＯＣ（ｔ１））と、第２の充電率（ＳＯＣ（ｔ２））と、電流の積算値とから、容量劣化率を演算する。例えば、電流の積算値を第１の充電率（ＳＯＣ（ｔ１））と第２の充電率（ＳＯＣ（ｔ２））の差で除し、さらに初期容量で除して、容量劣化率を求める。 In step 206, the storage battery management device 105 calculates the capacity deterioration rate from the first charge rate (SOC (t1)), the second charge rate (SOC (t2)), and the integrated value of the current. For example, the integrated value of the current is divided by the difference between the first charge rate (SOC (t1)) and the second charge rate (SOC (t2)), and further divided by the initial capacity to obtain the capacity deterioration rate.

＜＜充電率が第２の閾値に達する場合＞＞
次に、図４Ｂに示すように、容量劣化診断モードとなった後、充電率（ＳＯＣ）が第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）に達する場合について説明する。
なお、以下では図３のステップ２０１、ステップ２０３およびステップ２０４をそれぞれ、ステップ２０１ａ、ステップ２０３ａおよびステップ２０４ａと読み替えて説明する。 << When the charge rate reaches the second threshold >>
Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, a case where the charge rate (SOC) reaches the second threshold value (SOCth2) after the capacity deterioration diagnosis mode is set will be described.
In the following, step 201, step 203, and step 204 in FIG. 3 will be referred to as step 201a, step 203a, and step 204a, respectively.

ステップ２０１ａでは、禁止期間設定部１０５ａが、第１の充放電禁止期間Ａ（図４Ｂにおいて、一点鎖線により区分された第１の期間）を設定する。充電率（ＳＯＣ）が第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）に達すると、所定の時間、例えば１０分間充放電を禁止して、過去の電流の影響が小さくなるのを待つ。これにより、正確な開回路電圧を推定することができる。 In step 201a, the prohibition period setting unit 105a sets the first charge / discharge prohibition period A (the first period divided by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4B). When the charge rate (SOC) reaches the second threshold value (SOCth2), charging / discharging is prohibited for a predetermined time, for example, 10 minutes, and the influence of the past current becomes small. This makes it possible to estimate an accurate open circuit voltage.

ステップ２０３ａでは、禁止期間設定部１０５ａが、第１の時刻（ｔ１）の後に、放電禁止期間Ｂ（図４Ｂにおいて、一点鎖線により区分された第２の期間）を設定する。これにより、短時間で充電率（ＳＯＣ）が第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）に達することができる。 In step 203a, the prohibition period setting unit 105a sets the discharge prohibition period B (the second period divided by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4B) after the first time (t1). As a result, the charge rate (SOC) can reach the first threshold value (SOCth1) in a short time.

ステップ２０４ａでは、禁止期間設定部１０５ａが、放電禁止期間の後に第２の充放電禁止期間Ｃ（図４Ｂにおいて、一点鎖線により区分された第３の期間）を設定する。充電率（ＳＯＣ）が第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）に達すると、所定の時間、例えば１０分間充放電を禁止して、過去の電流の影響が小さくなるのを待つ。これにより、正確な開回路電圧を推定することができる。 In step 204a, the prohibition period setting unit 105a sets the second charge / discharge prohibition period C (the third period divided by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4B) after the discharge prohibition period. When the charge rate (SOC) reaches the first threshold value (SOCth1), charging / discharging is prohibited for a predetermined time, for example, 10 minutes, and the influence of the past current becomes small. This makes it possible to estimate an accurate open circuit voltage.

以上のとおりの動作により、蓄電池管理装置１０５は、正確な容量劣化率を推定することができる。
なお、蓄電池管理装置１０５は、充放電禁止期間、充電禁止期間または放電禁止期間において、許容充電電力または許容放電電力を所定の値、例えば０に設定して上位制御装置１０６へ送信してもよい。具体的には、充放電禁止期間において、許容充電電力および許容放電電力を所定の値、例えば０に設定して上位制御装置１０６へ送信してもよく、充電禁止期間において、許容充電電力を所定の値、例えば０に設定して上位制御装置１０６へ送信してもよく、放電禁止期間において、許容放電電力を所定の値、例えば０に設定して上位制御装置１０６へ送信してもよい。 By the operation as described above, the storage battery management device 105 can accurately estimate the capacity deterioration rate.
The storage battery management device 105 may set the permissible charge power or the permissible discharge power to a predetermined value, for example, 0 during the charge / discharge prohibition period, the charge prohibition period, or the discharge prohibition period, and transmit the power to the host control device 106. .. Specifically, the allowable charge power and the allowable discharge power may be set to predetermined values, for example, 0 during the charge / discharge prohibition period and transmitted to the host control device 106, and the allowable charge power may be predetermined during the charge prohibition period. The value of, for example, may be set to 0 and transmitted to the upper control device 106, or the allowable discharge power may be set to a predetermined value, for example, 0 and transmitted to the upper control device 106 during the discharge prohibition period.

このようにすると、上位制御装置１０６の構成を変更することなく、充放電禁止期間、充電禁止期間または放電禁止期間を自在に設定することができる。 By doing so, the charge / discharge prohibition period, the charge prohibition period, or the discharge prohibition period can be freely set without changing the configuration of the host control device 106.

また、蓄電池管理装置１０５は、充電禁止期間において充電率推定値よりも高い値の充電率情報を上位制御装置１０６へ送信してもよく、放電禁止期間において充電率推定値よりも低い値の充電率情報を上位制御装置１０６へ送信してもよい。 Further, the storage battery management device 105 may transmit the charge rate information having a value higher than the charge rate estimated value to the upper control device 106 during the charge prohibition period, and the charge having a value lower than the charge rate estimated value during the discharge prohibition period may be transmitted. The rate information may be transmitted to the upper control device 106.

このようにすると、充電禁止期間または放電禁止期間を確実に設定することができる。 By doing so, it is possible to reliably set the charge prohibition period or the discharge prohibition period.

当然ながら、本発明は、ハイブリッド自動車やハイブリッド気動車などの用途に限らず、蓄電池システム一般に適用することが可能である。 As a matter of course, the present invention can be applied not only to applications such as hybrid vehicles and hybrid diesel railcars, but also to storage battery systems in general.

また、本発明は上記した実施例に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば、上記した実施例は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。実施例では、容量劣化診断モードとなった後、充電率（ＳＯＣ）が、図４Ａに示すように、第１の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ１）に達する場合と、図４Ｂに示すように、第２の閾値（ＳＯＣｔｈ２）に達する場合との両方の場合に容量劣化率を推定する構成について説明したが、いずれか一方の場合にのみ容量劣化率を推定する構成としてもよい。また、実施例の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。 Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and is not necessarily limited to the one including all the described configurations. In the embodiment, after the capacity deterioration diagnosis mode is set, the charge rate (SOC) reaches the first threshold value (SOCth1) as shown in FIG. 4A and the second threshold value as shown in FIG. 4B. Although the configuration for estimating the capacity deterioration rate in both cases where (SOCth2) is reached has been described, a configuration in which the capacity deterioration rate is estimated only in either case may be used. Further, it is possible to add / delete / replace a part of the configuration of the embodiment with another configuration.

１００…蓄電池システム、１０１…蓄電池、１０２…電流センサ、１０３…電圧センサ、１０４…温度センサ、１０５…蓄電池管理装置、１０５ａ…禁止期間設定部、１０６…上位制御装置 100 ... Storage battery system, 101 ... Storage battery, 102 ... Current sensor, 103 ... Voltage sensor, 104 ... Temperature sensor, 105 ... Storage battery management device, 105a ... Prohibition period setting unit, 106 ... Upper control device

Claims (14)

蓄電池と、
前記蓄電池に流れる電流を測定する電流センサと、
前記蓄電池の電圧を測定する電圧センサと、
前記蓄電池の電流および電圧を監視し、前記蓄電池の充電率を推定し、容量劣化率を演算する蓄電池管理装置と、
を有する蓄電池システムであって、
前記蓄電池管理装置は、第１の時刻において開回路電圧推定値から求める第１の充電率と、第２の時刻において開回路電圧推定値から求める第２の充電率と、前記第１の時刻から前記第２の時刻までの電流の積算値とから、容量劣化率を演算し、
前記第１の時刻の前に第１の充放電禁止期間を設定し、前記第２の時刻の前に第２の充放電禁止期間を設定し、前記第１の時刻と前記第２の充放電禁止期間の間に充電禁止期間と放電禁止期間のいずれか１つを設定する禁止期間設定部を有する、
蓄電池システム。 With a storage battery
A current sensor that measures the current flowing through the storage battery, and
A voltage sensor that measures the voltage of the storage battery and
A storage battery management device that monitors the current and voltage of the storage battery, estimates the charge rate of the storage battery, and calculates the capacity deterioration rate.
It is a storage battery system that has
The storage battery management device has a first charge rate obtained from the open circuit voltage estimated value at the first time, a second charge rate obtained from the open circuit voltage estimated value at the second time, and the first time. The capacity deterioration rate is calculated from the integrated value of the current up to the second time.
The first charge / discharge prohibition period is set before the first time, the second charge / discharge prohibition period is set before the second time, and the first time and the second charge / discharge are set. It has a prohibition period setting unit that sets either one of the charge prohibition period and the discharge prohibition period during the prohibition period.
Storage battery system. 請求項１に記載の蓄電池システムであって、
前記蓄電池の充放電電流または充放電電力を制御する上位制御装置に接続可能であり、
前記蓄電池管理装置は、前記第１の充放電禁止期間、前記第２の充放電禁止期間、前記充電禁止期間または前記放電禁止期間において、許容充電電力または許容放電電力を所定の値に設定し、設定された許容充電電力または許容放電電力を前記上位制御装置へ送信する、
蓄電池システム。 The storage battery system according to claim 1.
It can be connected to a host control device that controls the charge / discharge current or charge / discharge power of the storage battery.
The storage battery management device sets an allowable charge power or an allowable discharge power to a predetermined value in the first charge / discharge prohibition period, the second charge / discharge prohibition period, the charge prohibition period, or the discharge prohibition period. The set allowable charge power or allowable discharge power is transmitted to the host controller.
Storage battery system. 請求項２に記載の蓄電池システムであって、
前記蓄電池管理装置は、前記第１の充放電禁止期間または前記第２の充放電禁止期間において、許容充電電力および許容放電電力を所定の値に設定し、設定された許容充電電力および許容放電電力を前記上位制御装置へ送信する、
蓄電池システム。 The storage battery system according to claim 2.
The storage battery management device sets the allowable charge power and the allowable discharge power to predetermined values in the first charge / discharge prohibition period or the second charge / discharge prohibition period, and sets the allowable charge power and the allowable discharge power. To the host controller,
Storage battery system. 請求項２または請求項３に記載の蓄電池システムであって、
前記蓄電池管理装置は、前記充電禁止期間において、許容充電電力を所定の値に設定し、設定された許容充電電力を前記上位制御装置へ送信する、
蓄電池システム。 The storage battery system according to claim 2 or 3.
The storage battery management device sets an allowable charging power to a predetermined value during the charging prohibition period, and transmits the set allowable charging power to the higher-level control device.
Storage battery system. 請求項２ないし請求項４のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電池システムであって、
前記蓄電池管理装置は、前記放電禁止期間において、許容放電電力を所定の値に設定し、設定された許容放電電力を前記上位制御装置へ送信する、
蓄電池システム。 The storage battery system according to any one of claims 2 to 4.
The storage battery management device sets an allowable discharge power to a predetermined value during the discharge prohibition period, and transmits the set allowable discharge power to the higher-level control device.
Storage battery system. 請求項２に記載の蓄電池システムであって、
前記蓄電池管理装置は、前記充電禁止期間において充電率推定値よりも高い値の充電率情報を前記上位制御装置へ送信する、
蓄電池システム。 The storage battery system according to claim 2.
The storage battery management device transmits charge rate information having a value higher than the estimated charge rate value to the higher-level control device during the charge prohibition period.
Storage battery system. 請求項２に記載の蓄電池システムであって、
前記蓄電池管理装置は、前記放電禁止期間において充電率推定値よりも低い値の充電率情報を前記上位制御装置へ送信する、
蓄電池システム。 The storage battery system according to claim 2.
The storage battery management device transmits charge rate information having a value lower than the estimated charge rate value to the higher-level control device during the discharge prohibition period.
Storage battery system. 蓄電池と、
前記蓄電池に流れる電流を測定する電流センサと、
前記蓄電池の電圧を測定する電圧センサと、
前記蓄電池の電流および電圧を監視し、前記蓄電池の充電率を推定し、容量劣化率を演算する蓄電池管理装置と、
を有する蓄電池システムにおける蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法であって、
前記蓄電池管理装置が禁止期間設定部を有し、
前記禁止期間設定部が、第１の充放電禁止期間を設定するステップと、
前記第１の充放電禁止期間の終了時を第１の時刻とし、前記蓄電池管理装置が、前記第１の時刻において、開回路電圧推定値から第１の充電率を求め、電流の積算を開始するステップと、
前記禁止期間設定部が、前記第１の時刻の後に、充電禁止期間と放電禁止期間のいずれか１つを設定するステップと、
前記禁止期間設定部が、前記充電禁止期間と前記放電禁止期間のいずれか１つの後に第２の充放電禁止期間を設定するステップと、
前記第２の充放電禁止期間の終了時を第２の時刻とし、前記蓄電池管理装置が、前記第２の時刻において、開回路電圧推定値から第２の充電率を求め、電流の積算を終了するステップと、
前記蓄電池管理装置が、前記第１の充電率と、前記第２の充電率と、電流の積算値とから、容量劣化率を演算するステップと、
を有する蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法。 With a storage battery
A current sensor that measures the current flowing through the storage battery, and
A voltage sensor that measures the voltage of the storage battery and
A storage battery management device that monitors the current and voltage of the storage battery, estimates the charge rate of the storage battery, and calculates the capacity deterioration rate.
It is a method of diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery in a storage battery system having the above.
The storage battery management device has a prohibition period setting unit, and has a prohibition period setting unit.
The step in which the prohibition period setting unit sets the first charge / discharge prohibition period, and
The end of the first charge / discharge prohibition period is set as the first time, and the storage battery management device obtains the first charge rate from the estimated open circuit voltage at the first time and starts the integration of current. Steps to do and
A step in which the prohibition period setting unit sets any one of the charge prohibition period and the discharge prohibition period after the first time, and
A step in which the prohibition period setting unit sets a second charge / discharge prohibition period after any one of the charge prohibition period and the discharge prohibition period.
The end of the second charge / discharge prohibition period is set as the second time, and the storage battery management device obtains the second charge rate from the estimated open circuit voltage at the second time and ends the current integration. Steps to do and
A step in which the storage battery management device calculates a capacity deterioration rate from the first charge rate, the second charge rate, and the integrated value of the current.
A method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery. 請求項８に記載の蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法であって、
前記蓄電池システムは、前記蓄電池の充放電電流または充放電電力を制御する上位制御装置に接続可能であり、
前記蓄電池管理装置が、前記第１の充放電禁止期間、前記第２の充放電禁止期間、前記充電禁止期間または前記放電禁止期間において、許容充電電力または許容放電電力を所定の値に設定し、設定された許容充電電力または許容放電電力を前記上位制御装置へ送信するステップ、
を有する蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法。 The method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery according to claim 8.
The storage battery system can be connected to a host control device that controls the charge / discharge current or charge / discharge power of the storage battery.
The storage battery management device sets the permissible charge power or the permissible discharge power to a predetermined value in the first charge / discharge prohibition period, the second charge / discharge prohibition period, the charge prohibition period or the discharge prohibition period. A step of transmitting the set allowable charge power or allowable discharge power to the host controller.
A method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery. 請求項９に記載の蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法であって、
前記蓄電池管理装置が、前記第１の充放電禁止期間または前記第２の充放電禁止期間において、許容充電電力および許容放電電力を所定の値に設定し、設定された許容充電電力および許容放電電力を前記上位制御装置へ送信するステップ、
を有する蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法。 The method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery according to claim 9.
The storage battery management device sets the allowable charge power and the allowable discharge power to predetermined values in the first charge / discharge prohibition period or the second charge / discharge prohibition period, and the set allowable charge power and the allowable discharge power are set. To the host controller,
A method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery. 請求項９または請求項１０に記載の蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法であって、
前記蓄電池管理装置が、前記充電禁止期間において、許容充電電力を所定の値に設定し、設定された許容充電電力を前記上位制御装置へ送信するステップ、
を有する蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法。 The method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery according to claim 9 or 10.
A step in which the storage battery management device sets an allowable charge power to a predetermined value and transmits the set allowable charge power to the higher-level control device during the charge prohibition period.
A method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery. 請求項９ないし請求項１１のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法であって、
前記蓄電池管理装置が、前記放電禁止期間において、許容放電電力を所定の値に設定し、設定された許容放電電力を前記上位制御装置へ送信するステップ、
を有する蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法。 The method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery according to any one of claims 9 to 11.
A step in which the storage battery management device sets an allowable discharge power to a predetermined value and transmits the set allowable discharge power to the higher-level control device during the discharge prohibition period.
A method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery. 請求項９に記載の蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法であって、
前記蓄電池管理装置が、前記充電禁止期間において充電率推定値よりも高い値の充電率情報を前記上位制御装置へ送信するステップ、
を有する蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法。 The method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery according to claim 9.
A step in which the storage battery management device transmits charge rate information having a value higher than the estimated charge rate value to the higher-level control device during the charge prohibition period.
A method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery. 請求項９に記載の蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法であって、
前記蓄電池管理装置が、前記放電禁止期間において充電率推定値よりも低い値の充電率情報を前記上位制御装置へ送信するステップ、
を有する蓄電池の容量劣化診断方法。 The method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery according to claim 9.
A step in which the storage battery management device transmits charge rate information having a value lower than the estimated charge rate value to the higher-level control device during the discharge prohibition period.
A method for diagnosing capacity deterioration of a storage battery.
JP2020128903A 2020-07-30 2020-07-30 Storage battery system and method for diagnosing deterioration of capacity of storage battery Pending JP2022025810A (en)

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