JP2022020042A - Artificial light source device for plant cultivation - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、植物に太陽光と同様の光環境の変化を再現する植物栽培用人工光源装置であって、屋内等植物にとって特殊な栽培条件の環境下に於いて継続的に植物の栽培を可能とする植物栽培用人工光源装置の提供に関する。 The present invention is an artificial light source device for plant cultivation that reproduces changes in the light environment similar to sunlight on plants, and enables continuous cultivation of plants in an environment with special cultivation conditions for plants such as indoors. Regarding the provision of an artificial light source device for plant cultivation.
現行、屋内等の施設で植物を栽培する分野では、ビニールハウスや植物工場といった施設が提供されていて、人工光源を用いて単一品種或いは提供施設に於いて栽培する品種に限定した植物の栽培がおこなわれている。 Currently, in the field of cultivating plants in facilities such as indoors, facilities such as greenhouses and plant factories are provided, and cultivation of plants limited to a single variety or varieties cultivated in the provided facility using an artificial light source is provided. Is being done.
現行のビニールハウスや植物工場では、初期段階に於いてその施設で栽培する植物の品種が決まっており、初期段階で選定した植物の栽培に対応するように設定された装置が施設内に設備されている。そのため、その施設で栽培が可能となる植物の品種が限られるのが現状である。 In the current greenhouses and plant factories, the varieties of plants to be cultivated in the facility are decided at the initial stage, and equipment set to support the cultivation of the plants selected at the initial stage is installed in the facility. ing. Therefore, the current situation is that the varieties of plants that can be cultivated at the facility are limited.
現在、屋内施設における植物工場（野菜工場）では、その施設で栽培する品種（主に野菜）は限定されており、その植物を大量に生産して流通させることを目的として、その装置を備えた施設が提供されている。 Currently, in a plant factory (vegetable factory) in an indoor facility, the varieties (mainly vegetables) cultivated in the facility are limited, and the equipment is provided for the purpose of mass-producing and distributing the plant. Facilities are provided.
現行の単一品種或いは限定品種の植物を植物工場等に於いて大量に生産して流通させようとする分野では、現行の装置や設備を備えた施設の提供によって夫々の目的を実行しているが、屋内施設等に於いて開催されるガーデニングショーや商業施設等のディスプレイや鑑賞を目的とした植栽分野に於いては、素材として扱う植物が多品種（主に園芸品種）であり多岐に渡るため屋内等植物にとって栽培が困難な条件や環境下に於いて植栽設計や植栽デザインを構成する植物を屋外同様に栽培し継続的に維持していくには解決すべき問題点が多く、現在提供されている単一品種或いは限定品種の植物栽培目的用に特化したビニールハウスや植物工場等に提供されている装置や設備を用いてもその問題の解決は困難であるのが現状である。 In the field of mass production and distribution of current single-varieties or limited-varieties of plants in plant factories, etc., each purpose is achieved by providing facilities equipped with current equipment and facilities. However, in the field of planting for the purpose of display and appreciation of gardening shows and commercial facilities held in indoor facilities, there are many varieties (mainly horticultural varieties) of plants to be treated as materials. There are many problems that need to be solved in order to cultivate and continuously maintain the planting design and the plants that make up the planting design under conditions and environments that are difficult for plants to cultivate, such as indoors. At present, it is difficult to solve the problem even by using the equipment and facilities provided in the greenhouses and plant factories that are currently provided for the purpose of plant cultivation of single or limited varieties. Is.
現行、屋外に設置されたビニールハウスでは、ハウス内に植栽された野菜をその設置場所の天気に左右される事無く安定的により効率的に大量に栽培することを目的とした装置が設備されていて、ハウス内への太陽光の入射量を遮蔽シートなどの開閉によって調節する等、大掛かりな装置を設備してハウス内環境を選定された野菜の栽培に適合するようコントロールして栽培を行っている。 Currently, greenhouses installed outdoors are equipped with equipment aimed at cultivating vegetables planted in the house in large quantities in a stable and efficient manner regardless of the weather at the installation location. Therefore, the amount of sunlight incident on the greenhouse is adjusted by opening and closing a shielding sheet, etc., and large-scale equipment is installed to control the environment inside the greenhouse to suit the cultivation of selected vegetables. ing.
屋内に設備された植物工場（野菜工場）では、同一品種或いは限定品種を安定的に効率よく大量に生産して流通させることを目的として、提供施設の栽培に選定された品種が必要とする栽培条件を、例えば葉物野菜の栽培工場に於いては提供する人工光源を植物にとって量的な影響が大となる要因の発光スペクトル分布域に調整した人工光源装置を設備することによって植物工場内に於いて初期段階に選定された単一品種で同一形態、或いは限定品種で限定形態を持つ品種を安定的に効率よく大量に生産することを可能としてその目的を達成している。 In a plant factory (vegetable factory) installed indoors, cultivation required for cultivation of the provision facility for the purpose of stably and efficiently mass-producing and distributing the same variety or limited variety. By installing an artificial light source device that adjusts the conditions to the emission spectrum distribution range of the factor that has a large quantitative effect on the plant, for example, in the plant factory for cultivating leafy vegetables. The purpose has been achieved by making it possible to stably and efficiently mass-produce single varieties selected in the initial stage with the same form or limited varieties with limited forms.
この単一品種或いは限定品種に対応した人工光源装置を設備した施設では、初期段階に於いて施設の目的に適合する植物の品種が限定され、その品種特性に対応する発光スペクトル分布域を備えた人工光源装置が設備されている。このため施設内に初期段階で選定された品種に限定、或いは設備された発光スペクトルの分布域に適合する範囲内に於いてのみの栽培と生産の提供に留まるのが現状である。 In a facility equipped with an artificial light source device corresponding to this single variety or limited variety, the variety of plants suitable for the purpose of the facility is limited at the initial stage, and an emission spectrum distribution range corresponding to the characteristic of the variety is provided. An artificial light source device is installed. For this reason, the current situation is that cultivation and production are limited to the varieties selected in the initial stage in the facility, or only within the range suitable for the distribution range of the installed emission spectrum.
このため現行の施設では、提供しようとする目的が葉物野菜の生産から、例えば実を収穫する品種（量的な成長への影響が大となる要因の発行スペクトル分布域を必要とする）の生産にその目的が変わると、現状の施設に於いて設備されている装置を用いてその栽培と実の収穫の実現は不可能となり、目的の変更に対応するための装置の入れ替え或いは不可欠要素を備えた装置の追加を余儀なくされるという問題を含んでいるのが現状である。 For this reason, in the current facility, the purpose to be provided is from the production of leafy vegetables to, for example, varieties that harvest fruits (requires an issuance spectrum distribution area of factors that have a large effect on quantitative growth). When the purpose is changed to production, it becomes impossible to realize the cultivation and fruit harvest using the equipment installed in the current facility, and the equipment is replaced or an indispensable element to respond to the change of purpose. The current situation is that it involves the problem of being forced to add equipment equipped with it.
現在提供されているビニールハウスや植物工場に提供されている人工光源装置を用いて、屋内等植物にとって特殊な栽培条件の環境下に於ける多品種を用いた植栽設計や植栽デザインによる植物構成の継続的な栽培と観賞の維持を目的とする分野に於いては、現行提供されている装置や設備を用いても課題を解決するには問題点が多くその目的の実現は困難であるのが現状である。 Using the artificial light source device provided in the greenhouses and plant factories currently provided, plants by planting design and planting design using various varieties in the environment of special cultivation conditions for plants such as indoors In the field of continuous cultivation of composition and maintenance of ornamental, there are many problems to solve the problem even if the equipment and facilities currently provided are used, and it is difficult to realize the purpose. is the current situation.
本発明は、園芸植物を複数品種組み合わせた植物構成による植栽設計や植栽デザインを屋内等植物にとって栽培条件が特殊な環境下に於いて継続的に栽培と鑑賞の維持を可能とする植物栽培用人工光源を提供することで問題の解決を図ろうとするものである。 The present invention is a plant cultivation that enables continuous cultivation and maintenance of appreciation in an environment where cultivation conditions are special for plants such as indoors, in which a planting design or a planting design based on a plant composition combining a plurality of horticultural plants is combined. We are trying to solve the problem by providing an artificial light source for the purpose.
屋内等植物にとって栽培条件が特殊な環境下に於いて植物を栽培するには、これまで白熱電球や蛍光灯、LED、ハロゲンランプ、高圧ナトリウムランプなどを用いて栽培する方法が提供されている。植物にとってより太陽光に近い光源を用いて栽培する事が有効であり、これによって太陽光の中で可視光線の周波数帯を用いた装置を備えた人工光源を設備した植物工場が展開している。 In order to cultivate plants in an environment where cultivation conditions are special for plants such as indoors, methods of cultivating plants using incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, LEDs, halogen lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, and the like have been provided so far. It is effective for plants to cultivate using a light source that is closer to sunlight, and as a result, plant factories equipped with artificial light sources equipped with devices that use the frequency band of visible light in sunlight are being developed. ..
本発明は、植物を屋内等植物にとって栽培条件が特殊な環境下で植物の栽培が可能となる環境要素の中で、特に植物の生育が制御される光環境の要素である光周性と光強度、発光スペクトル分布に着目して、人工的に光環境をコントロールする植物栽培用人工光源装置の提供によって、屋内等植物の栽培にとって特殊な空間に於いて多品種で多様な形態を持つ植物を用いて構成する植栽設計や植栽デザインの分野に、植物の栽培と観賞を継続的に維持することを実現可能とするものである。 In the present invention, among the environmental elements that enable the cultivation of plants in an environment where the cultivation conditions are special for plants such as indoors, the present invention is an element of a light environment in which the growth of plants is controlled. By providing an artificial light source device for plant cultivation that artificially controls the light environment by focusing on the intensity and emission spectrum distribution, we can create plants with various varieties and various morphologies in a space special for plant cultivation such as indoors. It makes it feasible to continuously maintain the cultivation and viewing of plants in the fields of planting design and planting design that are constructed using them.
本案は、屋内等植物にとって特殊な栽培条件の環境下に於いて主に屋外に於いて提供される多品種を組み合わせた植物構成による植栽を継続的にその栽培と観賞を維持することを実現するための植物栽培用人工光源装置を提供して、植栽設計や植栽デザインの分野に於ける植物構成に用いられる植物を屋内等環境下に於いて継続的に栽培と観賞の維持を実現するものである。 This proposal realizes continuous cultivation and ornamental planting with a plant composition that combines many varieties provided mainly outdoors under the environment of special cultivation conditions for plants such as indoors. By providing an artificial light source device for plant cultivation, it is possible to continuously cultivate and maintain ornamentation of plants used for plant composition in the field of planting design and planting design in an environment such as indoors. It is something to do.
本案は、太陽光の中の可視光波長域を備え、且つ一日の照度変化を再現する植物栽培用人工光源装置を提供する事により、屋内等植物にとって特殊な栽培条件の環境下に於いて植栽設計や植栽デザインの分野に於ける植物構成の栽培と観賞を継続的に維持することを可能として問題の解決を図るものである。 This proposal provides an artificial light source device for plant cultivation that has a visible light wavelength range in sunlight and reproduces daily illuminance changes, so that it can be used in an environment with special cultivation conditions for plants such as indoors. It is intended to solve the problem by making it possible to continuously maintain the cultivation and ornamentation of the plant composition in the field of planting design and planting design.
本案実施例について、図1は1の植物栽培用容器に2～5の高さの異なる植物を配置した植栽デザインを現すものである。この植栽デザインはデザインの観点と観賞の目的から安定性と美しさのバランスが得られる配置構成である植栽を現す一例である。 For the example of this proposal, Fig. 1 shows a planting design in which plants with different heights of 2 to 5 are arranged in the plant cultivation container of 1. This planting design is an example of planting, which is an arrangement that achieves a balance between stability and beauty from the perspective of design and the purpose of viewing.
図2と図3は、本案実施例に基づいて屋内等植物にとって栽培条件が特殊である環境下に於いて、多品種の植物をデザインして植栽し、その栽培と観賞の継続的な維持を目的とするために、植物の草丈や樹高（形態）を考慮して、屋内施設の天井高を2500mmと仮定して上面より1000mm、1200mm、1400mm、1650mmの夫々の地点に於いて本実施例に用いた1の植栽容器の植栽面に対して垂直方向に2、3、4、5の植物の高さに応じて2、3、4、5、の生育と栽培に必要となる照度を1500lux、1200lux、600lux、400luxとして必要となる照度を夫々の植栽配置の垂直面に均一に与えられるように設定した装置を具備したことを特徴とする植物栽培用人工光源装置である。 Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the design and planting of a wide variety of plants in an environment where cultivation conditions are special for plants such as indoors based on the examples of this proposal, and the cultivation and continuous maintenance of the plants. In this embodiment, considering the plant height and tree height (morphology) of the plant, assuming that the ceiling height of the indoor facility is 2500 mm, the ceiling height of the indoor facility is 1000 mm, 1200 mm, 1400 mm, and 1650 mm from the upper surface. Illuminance required for growth and cultivation of 2, 3, 4, 5 depending on the height of 2, 3, 4, 5 plants in the direction perpendicular to the planting surface of 1 planting container used in It is an artificial light source device for plant cultivation, which is equipped with a device set so that the illuminance required for 1500 lux, 1200 lux, 600 lux, and 400 lux can be uniformly applied to the vertical surface of each planting arrangement.
またこの6が現す照明ランプ装置が提供する図３の夫々の植物の高さに於ける照度は、夫々の植物が現す形態に於ける夫々の高さが必要とする値に調整して提供する特徴と、2～5の植物夫々の高さに於ける発光スペクトル分布は各段階に於いて変動無く同じ分布域を保持する事を特徴とする植物栽培用人工光源装置である。 Further, the illuminance at the height of each plant in FIG. 3 provided by the lighting lamp device represented by 6 is adjusted to the value required by the height of each plant in the form represented by each plant. It is an artificial light source device for plant cultivation, which is characterized in that the emission spectrum distribution at the heights of 2 to 5 plants does not change at each stage and maintains the same distribution range.
図4は本実施例に於いて用いた照明ランプを現す図で、実施例では6はメタルハライドランプを用いて実施したが、6に相当する要素を有する光源であればこれに限定するものでは無い。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the illumination lamp used in this embodiment. In the embodiment, 6 was performed using a metal halide lamp, but the present invention is not limited to this as long as it is a light source having an element corresponding to 6. ..
図４の照明ランプは実施例に用いた栽培容器の長方形なる植栽面に均一に効率良く必要とする照度を提供することを実行するために、帯状放物面鏡を用いたことを特徴として、植栽面に必要な照射域となる様に帯状面鏡を湾曲した帯状放物面鏡であって、例えば本実施例に用いた植物栽培容器の植栽面が水平方向に延長した容器形状に於いても放物曲面を調整することで均一に照射域の延長を可能とする特徴をもつ植物栽培用人工光源である。 The illumination lamp of FIG. 4 is characterized in that a band-shaped parabolic mirror is used to uniformly and efficiently provide the required illuminance to the rectangular planting surface of the cultivation container used in the embodiment. A band-shaped parabolic mirror in which the band-shaped mirror is curved so as to be an irradiation area required for the planting surface. For example, the planting surface of the plant cultivation container used in this embodiment has a horizontally extended container shape. It is an artificial light source for plant cultivation that has the characteristic that the irradiation area can be extended uniformly by adjusting the parabolic curved surface.
図5は本実施例に用いた照明ランプ装置を現す図である。図５は図１が現す植栽デザインした植物構成に一日の光環境の変化を再現して提供する装置であり、本案の照明ランプ装置が提供する発光スペクトル分布に影響しないポリカーボネートシートを組み合わせて一日の照度変化の最小値から最大値の変化を時間の経過とともに提供するシート厚に設定した１３を具備する特徴をもって、図4の帯状放物面鏡の回りを回転或いは半回転しながら一日の照度変化の最小値と最大値の変化を時間経過とともに再現して提供するものである。実施例では13のシートはポリカーボネートシートを用いて実施したが、発光スペクトルに影響を与えない素材であれば用いる素材を限定するものでは無い。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the lighting lamp device used in this embodiment. FIG. 5 is a device that reproduces and provides changes in the light environment for one day to the plant composition shown in FIG. 1, and is combined with a polycarbonate sheet that does not affect the emission spectrum distribution provided by the lighting lamp device of the present invention. With the feature that the sheet thickness is set to provide the change from the minimum value to the maximum value of the daily illuminance change with the passage of time, the band-shaped parabolic mirror of FIG. 4 is rotated or half-turned. It reproduces and provides changes in the minimum and maximum values of daily illuminance changes over time. In the examples, the 13 sheets were carried out using polycarbonate sheets, but the materials used are not limited as long as they do not affect the emission spectrum.
本案の植物栽培用人工光源装置の提供によれば、現在提供されている室内で植物の栽培を実現しようとする植物工場等の分野や屋内施設等で植物を継続的に提供しようとする分野等広範囲の分野に植物の生育と栽培に有用となる条件に改良する事を実現して、屋内等植物にとって栽培条件が特殊な環境下に於いて植物の生育と栽培を促進する条件として有益となる植物栽培用人工光源装置の提供となるものである。 According to the provision of the artificial light source device for plant cultivation of the present proposal, the fields such as plant factories that are currently provided to realize the cultivation of plants and the fields that are to continuously provide plants in indoor facilities, etc. It will be useful as a condition to promote the growth and cultivation of plants in a special environment for plants such as indoors by realizing improvement to conditions that are useful for plant growth and cultivation in a wide range of fields. It provides an artificial light source device for plant cultivation.
本案実施例図5の植物栽培用人工光源装置は、一日の照度変化の再現を提供するために、夜間の照度0、日の入30分～60分前、日の入り後30分～60分を最小照度、南中高度が最も高い昼の12時ころを最高照度として提供し、単一光源によってその実現を可能とする特徴をもつものである。 The artificial light source device for plant cultivation shown in Example 5 of the present proposal has an illuminance of 0 at night, 30 minutes to 60 minutes before sunset, and 30 minutes to 60 minutes after sunset in order to provide a reproduction of changes in illuminance during the day. It provides the minimum illuminance and the highest illuminance around 12:00 noon, which is the highest in the south and middle altitudes, and has the feature that it can be realized by a single light source.
例えば、季節の中で夏至と冬至、春分・秋分についての日の出、日の入り時刻をみると、本実施地の静岡県浜松市に於いては夏至の日の出4：37、日の入り19：06で、冬至の日の出6：53、日の入り16：43であった。夏至前後の植物が感知すると思われる照度は、日の出前60分頃と日の入後の60分頃で、実測値は約30～60luxであった。また南中高度が最も高い昼12時ころには数万～約100000luxに達していた。冬至前後の季節には夏至の日の出前60分頃と日の入後の60分頃では照度計はほぼ0を指し、日の出前30分頃と日の入後の30分頃で計測が可能となったことから、本案実施例の栽培容器に設置する植物栽培用人工光源装置の照度時間帯について、選択される季節が夏至、冬至の再現の場合には、実測値同様な照度と時間帯を再現する事とした。また春分・秋分の季節は夫々の中間を取るように設定する。これは本案の実測に基づく数値での実施例であるので、地域によって実測値の把握によってサイクルは決定するものとする。 For example, looking at the sunrise and sunset times for the summer solstice and winter solstice, and the spring and autumn equinoxes, the sunrise and sunset times of the summer solstice are 4:37 and 19:06 in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture. It was sunrise 6:53 and sunset 16:43. The illuminance that plants around the summer solstice would perceive was about 60 minutes before sunrise and about 60 minutes after sunset, and the measured value was about 30 to 60 lux. In addition, it reached tens of thousands to about 100,000 lux around 12:00 noon, when the altitude in the south and middle was the highest. In the season around the winter solstice, the illuminance meter points to almost 0 around 60 minutes before sunrise and around 60 minutes after sunset, and it is possible to measure around 30 minutes before sunrise and around 30 minutes after sunset. Therefore, when the selected season is the summer solstice or the winter solstice, the illuminance and time zone of the artificial light source device for plant cultivation installed in the cultivation container of the present embodiment should be the same as the measured value. I decided to reproduce it. In addition, the seasons of the spring equinox and the autumn equinox are set to be in the middle of each. Since this is an example with numerical values based on the actual measurement of this proposal, the cycle shall be determined by grasping the actual measurement value depending on the area.
また、最低と最高照度については、日の出、日の入り前後の夫々の時間帯で30～60lux からスタートして徐々に照度を高め、放射度が最も高くなる11時ころから南中時刻となる12時を目安として、14時ころまでの時間帯に最高照度を得るように設定した。 Regarding the minimum and maximum illuminance, start from 30 to 60 lux in each time zone before and after sunrise and sunset, gradually increase the illuminance, and from around 11 o'clock when the radiation is the highest to 12 o'clock, which is the south-central time. As a guide, the maximum illuminance was set to be obtained until around 14:00.
また本実施例の植栽デザインが構成する植物の草丈や樹高は、植物夫々の発生に由来する環境要素が大きく関わって現れる形態上の特性であり、その形態形成には環境条件の中で特に光環境が大きく作用している。本案ではこの植物本来の特性を鑑みて植栽デザインが構成する植物の夫々がもつ高さやサイズ等の形態上の特性に適応する植物栽培用人工光源装置である。 In addition, the plant height and height of the plants that make up the planting design of this example are morphological characteristics that are largely related to the environmental factors derived from the development of each plant, and the morphogenesis is particularly affected by the environmental conditions. The light environment has a great effect. In this proposal, it is an artificial light source device for plant cultivation that adapts to the morphological characteristics such as height and size of each plant configured in the planting design in consideration of the original characteristics of the plant.
本案では夜間の照度を０として日の出、日の入り前後の夫々の時間帯で30～60luxとし夜間、日の出、日の入前後の照度を除いては植物にとって生育に最低限必要である光補償点以上となるように照度を維持して時間の経過とともに夫々の高さと形態特性に必要となる光環境を考慮した図3に示す配光を提供する例を示すものである。最高照度については高すぎる照度による植物への弊害を考慮した条件で実施した。 In this proposal, the illuminance at night is set to 0 and the illuminance is set to 30 to 60 lux in each time zone before and after sunrise and sunset, and the illuminance before and after night, sunrise and sunset is set to be equal to or higher than the minimum light compensation point required for plant growth. It is an example of providing the light distribution shown in FIG. 3 in consideration of the light environment required for each height and morphological characteristics with the passage of time while maintaining the illuminance so as to be. The maximum illuminance was carried out under the conditions considering the harmful effects on plants due to too high illuminance.
この植物栽培用人工光源装置を用いれば、一日の再現から、月、年の再現を可能として、任意の季節を再現する事を実現可能とするものである。これによって寒冷地で常夏の植物の栽培や観賞して楽しむことも可能となり、個人の室内から屋内環境、商業施設等への幅広い分野への提供を可能とする。 By using this artificial light source device for plant cultivation, it is possible to reproduce the month and year from the reproduction of one day, and it is possible to reproduce any season. This makes it possible to cultivate and enjoy plants in the everlasting summer in cold regions, making it possible to provide them to a wide range of fields, from indoors to indoor environments and commercial facilities.
本実施例では既存の植物栽培用容器を用いてその容器が持つ植栽表面とその垂直面に対応した単一照度ランプ装置を用いて実施したが、提供しようとする屋内等の施設の広さや植栽構成のサイズやボリューム等によってはその施設や条件に対応するように複数の光源を用いて植物栽培用人工光源装置を調整する事が可能である。 In this embodiment, an existing container for plant cultivation was used and a single illuminance lamp device corresponding to the planting surface and its vertical surface of the container was used. Depending on the size and volume of the planting composition, it is possible to adjust the artificial light source device for plant cultivation using a plurality of light sources so as to correspond to the facility and conditions.
本発明の植物栽培用人工照明装置によれば、実際の季節に関係なく屋内に於いて任意の時期や季節の再現を可能とし、屋内や商業施設等に於いてその植物の栽培を継続的に維持、管理して観賞を可能とするものである。 According to the artificial lighting device for plant cultivation of the present invention, it is possible to reproduce any time and season indoors regardless of the actual season, and the plant can be continuously cultivated indoors or in a commercial facility. It is maintained and managed to enable viewing.
１ 実施例に用いた植物栽培容器
２～５ 植栽デザインに用いた園芸植物の形態の夫々
６ 照明ランプ装置
７～１１植栽面から植栽植物の高さ毎の垂直面に提供照度を現す
１２ 照明ランプの帯状放物平面鏡
１３ 照度調整装置
1 Plant cultivation container used in the examples 2 to 5 Each of the forms of the garden plant used in the
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