JP2022014515A - Skin material and interior material - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a skin material that achieves reduction in the transmittance of sunlight and reduction in heat storage resulting from sunlight.SOLUTION: A skin material 1 has a sheet-like fiber aggregate 3. The fiber aggregate 3 includes a plurality of monofilaments 5 that are free of carbon black and have a single fiber diameter of larger than 1 μm and 5 μm or less. Each monofilament 5 has each plane part 6. In the fiber aggregate 3, there are some places where each plane part 6 of two or more monofilaments 5 faces in the substantially same direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

The present disclosure relates to skin materials and interior materials.

Patent Document 1 discloses a skin material having an excellent heat-shielding function. Specifically, a fiber having a fiber diameter larger than 1 μm and 5 μm or less is included, and the volume fraction occupied by the fiber having a fiber diameter of about several μm is 3% or more and 20% or less, and the orientation tensor in the Z-axis direction. It is disclosed that the skin material having a value of 0.42 or less has excellent near-infrared ray reflection performance.

International Publication No. 2019/225304

Although the technique of this document has a certain fiber orientation (orientation tensor), fibers having a heat-shielding effect are randomly arranged in the direction in which sunlight is incident. Therefore, the transmitted light may promote heat storage of parts and the like in the vehicle interior.
The present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the transmittance of sunlight and reduce the heat storage derived from sunlight. The present disclosure can be realized in the following forms.

[1] An epidermis material having a sheet-shaped fiber aggregate.
The fiber aggregate does not contain carbon black and contains a plurality of single fibers having a single fiber diameter of more than 1 μm and 5 μm or less.
Each of the single fibers has a flat surface portion and has a flat surface portion.
In the fiber aggregate, there is a portion where the plane portions of the two or more single fibers are oriented in substantially the same direction.

In the skin material of the present disclosure, since there is a portion where the plane portions of the two or more single fibers are oriented in substantially the same direction, the plane portions of the two or more single fibers are abbreviated with respect to the incident direction of sunlight. Can be oriented in the same direction. Therefore, the reflectance of sunlight is improved, the transmittance of sunlight is reduced, and the heat storage derived from sunlight can be reduced.

The present disclosure will be further described in the following detailed description with reference to the plurality of references mentioned, with reference to non-limiting examples of typical embodiments according to the present disclosure.
It is a perspective view of the skin material (fiber aggregate) of an example of Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the conventional skin material. It is a partially enlarged perspective view of the skin material of an example of an embodiment. It is a perspective view of a single fiber. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the incident angle of light, and the light transmittance about the single fiber of a substantially triangular cross section. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the incident angle of light, and the light transmittance about the single fiber of a round cross section. It is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the part where each plane part of two or more single fibers faces substantially the same direction. It is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the part where each plane part of two or more single fibers faces substantially the same direction. It is a top view of the skin material (fiber aggregate) of an example of Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the interior material of an example of Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the use state of the skin material.

Here are desirable examples of the present disclosure.
[2] The skin material according to [1], wherein the flat surface portion has near-infrared ray reflectivity.
Since this skin material has high reflection efficiency of near infrared rays, it has an excellent heat shielding function.

[3] The skin material according to [1] or [2], wherein the outer shape of the cross section of the single fiber is substantially triangular.
In this skin material, the single fiber has three flat surfaces and can be reflected by using the three flat surfaces, so that it can flexibly respond to changes in the incident direction of sunlight.

[4] The skin material according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the fiber aggregate is a woven fabric or a knitted fabric.
When the fiber aggregate is a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, it is easy to restrain each single fiber and direct the flat surface portion in substantially the same direction.

[5] The skin material according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the single fiber is a synthetic fiber.
If a single fiber larger than 1 μm and 5 μm or less is a synthetic fiber, it is easy to manufacture.

[6] An interior material comprising the skin material according to any one of [1] to [5].
Since this interior material has high reflection efficiency of near infrared rays, it has an excellent heat shielding function.

The matters presented herein are exemplary and are intended to illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure, and are considered to be the most effective and effortless explanations of the principles and conceptual features of the present disclosure. It is stated for the purpose of providing what seems to be. In this regard, it is not intended to provide more than a certain amount of structural detail of the present disclosure necessary for a fundamental understanding of the present disclosure, and some forms of the present disclosure may be provided by description in conjunction with the drawings. It is intended to clarify to those skilled in the art how it is actually realized.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail. In the present specification, the description using "-" for the numerical range includes the lower limit value and the upper limit value unless otherwise specified. For example, in the description of "10 to 20", both the lower limit value "10" and the upper limit value "20" are included. That is, "10 to 20" has the same meaning as "10 or more and 20 or less". It should be noted that the drawings in the present disclosure conceptually show objects, and do not accurately show their configurations.

1. 1. Skin material 1
The skin material 1 of the present embodiment includes a sheet-shaped fiber aggregate 3. The fiber aggregate 3 does not contain carbon black and contains a plurality of single fibers 5 having a single fiber diameter of more than 1 μm and 5 μm or less. FIG. 1 shows a woven fabric using a single fiber 5 as a warp as an example of the fiber aggregate 3. FIG. 1 schematically shows how the single fibers 5 are arranged so as to extend in the lateral direction of the drawing. Note that FIG. 2 schematically shows a conventional skin material 10 in which single fibers 5 are randomly arranged.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram in which only the warp and the warp (single fiber 5) are displayed by omitting the warp and weft from the fiber aggregate 3 which is the woven fabric of FIG.
The skin material 1 may be made of a fiber aggregate 3. The skin material 1 may include other components in addition to the fiber aggregate 3. Examples of other components include a surface layer provided on the front surface of the fiber aggregate 3 and a back surface layer provided on the back surface of the fiber aggregate 3. As the back surface layer, for example, a backing layer and a urethane foam layer are preferably mentioned. The backing layer is a coating layer for reinforcing the skin material 1 and / or preventing the impregnation of the adhesive.

(1) Single fiber 5
(1.1) Carbon Black In the present embodiment, the single fiber 5 contained in the fiber aggregate 3 does not contain carbon black. This is because the reflection performance of the fiber aggregate 3 deteriorates when carbon black is contained.

(1.2) Single Fiber Diameter of Single Fiber 5 In the present embodiment, the single fiber diameter of the single fiber 5 contained in the fiber aggregate 3 is larger than 1 μm and 5 μm or less, preferably 2 μm or more and 5 μm or less. When the single fiber diameter is within this range, the skin material 1 has excellent reflection performance against near infrared rays. Therefore, the temperature rise of various articles covered with the skin material 1 is suppressed.
It is not clear why the reflection performance is excellent when the single fiber diameter is within this range, but when the single fiber diameter is within this range, the single fiber diameter is within the range equal to or several times the near-infrared wavelength, and Mie scattering occurs. It is presumed that this is because a so-called light scattering phenomenon occurs.
The cross-sectional shape of the single fiber 5 is a modified cross section. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the cross-sectional shape is the single fiber diameter. The single fiber diameter can be measured by photographing the cross section of the single fiber 5 with a scanning electron microscope.

(1.3) Shape of Single Fiber 5 The single fiber 5 has a shape having a flat surface portion 6. FIG. 4 shows an example of a single fiber 5 having a flat surface portion 6.
The cross-sectional shape of the single yarn of the single fiber 5 is not particularly limited as long as it is the cross-sectional shape of the single fiber 5 in which the flat surface portion 6 is present. As the cross-sectional shape of the single yarn, a deformed cross-section other than the round cross-section is exemplified. As the shape of the modified cross section, a substantially triangular cross section, a substantially square cross section, a substantially pentagonal cross section and the like are preferably exemplified. That is, the outer shape of the fiber cross section of the single fiber 5 is preferably a substantially triangular shape, a substantially quadrangular shape, or a substantially pentagonal shape. With these shapes, there are a plurality of surfaces that reflect near-infrared rays, and the near-infrared rays reflection performance is excellent. Approximate triangles include triangles with rounded corners, triangles with gentle curves on the sides, and the like. The substantially quadrangle includes a quadrangle with rounded corners, a quadrangle with gentle curves on the sides, and the like. Approximately pentagons include pentagons with rounded corners, pentagons with gentle curves on the sides, and the like. Among these shapes, a substantially triangular shape is preferable from the viewpoint of densely arranging the fibers to increase the reflecting surface or increasing the uniformity of the reflecting angle. Further, among the substantially triangular triangles, substantially equilateral triangles having substantially the same length of three sides are preferable. By making it a substantially equilateral triangle, the widths of the three side surfaces can be made uniform in dimensions that increase the reflection efficiency of near infrared rays, and the three side surfaces can function as the reflection surfaces of near infrared rays.
The method for obtaining the single fiber 5 having a modified cross section is not particularly limited. For example, a method of making the shape of the mouthpiece used at the time of melt spinning into an irregular shape is exemplified.

(1.4) Geometrical optics analysis example of the relationship between the incident angle of light and the light transmittance For each of the single fiber 5 having a substantially triangular cross section and the single fiber having a round cross section having a flat surface portion 6, the incident angle and light transmittance We examined the relationship with the rate.
FIG. 5 shows a simulation result when a single fiber 5 (diameter 2 μm) having a substantially triangular cross section is used. Consider the case where the single fiber 5 is arranged in the xyz space as shown in FIG. The axes of the single fibers 5 are arranged parallel to the y-axis. In this case, light (wavelength: 550 nm) is incident from the y-axis direction. That is, when the incident angle with respect to the single fiber 5 is 0 °, the transmittance of the light beam is 79.3%. When the incident angle with respect to the single fiber 5 is 30 °, that is, when the incident angle with respect to the axis of the single fiber 5 is 30 °, the light transmittance is 64.4%. When the incident angle with respect to the single fiber 5 is 60 °, that is, when the incident angle with respect to the axis of the single fiber 5 is 60 °, the light transmittance is 28.0%. When the incident angle with respect to the single fiber 5 is 90 °, that is, when the incident angle with respect to the axis of the single fiber 5 is 90 °, the transmittance of light rays is 28.0%.

FIG. 6 shows the simulation results when a single fiber (diameter 2 μm) having a round cross section is used. Consider the case where the single fibers are arranged in the xyz space as shown in FIG. The axis of the single fiber is arranged parallel to the y-axis. In this case, light (wavelength: 550 nm) is incident from the y-axis direction. That is, when the incident angle with respect to the single fiber is 0 °, the transmittance of the transmitted light beam is 85.7%. When the angle of incidence on the single fiber is 30 °, that is, when the angle of incidence on the axis of the single fiber 5 is 30 °, the transmittance of light rays is 87.8%. When the angle of incidence on the single fiber is 60 °, that is, when the angle of incidence on the axis of the single fiber 5 is 60 °, the transmittance of light rays is 89.1%. When the angle of incidence on the single fiber is 90 °, that is, when the angle of incidence on the axis of the single fiber is 90 °, the transmittance of light rays is 89.5%.

From the above simulation results, the following can be understood. In the case of a single fiber having a round cross section having no flat surface portion, the light reflectance hardly changes even if the incident angle of light is adjusted.
When a single fiber 5 having a substantially triangular cross section having a flat surface portion 6 is used, the light reflectance changes by adjusting the incident angle of light. By setting the angle between the axis of the single fiber 5 and the incident direction of the near infrared rays to be 30 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less, the light transmittance is reduced.

(1.5) Fibers having a single fiber diameter larger than 1 μm and not 5 μm or less (other fibers other than single fiber 5, hereinafter also simply referred to as “other fibers”)
The fiber aggregate 3 may contain other fibers. However, when the total amount of fibers contained in the fiber aggregate 3 is 100 parts by mass, it is preferable that the single fiber 5 is contained in an amount of 5 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 10 parts by mass or more. , 15 parts by weight or more is more preferable. This is because when the amount of the single fiber 5 is within this range, the heat shielding performance of the fiber aggregate 3 is particularly excellent. From the viewpoint of heat shielding, all the fibers contained in the fiber aggregate 3 may be single fibers 5 (may be 100 parts by mass).
When the fiber aggregate 3 is, for example, a woven fabric, the single fiber 5 can be used for at least one of the warp and weft. In this case, it is preferable to use the single fiber 5 for the warp from the viewpoint that the fiber aggregate 3 can be easily manufactured.

(1.6) Material of Single Fiber 5 The single fiber 5 having a single fiber diameter larger than 1 μm and 5 μm or less may be any of synthetic fiber, regenerated fiber, semi-synthetic fiber, and natural fiber.
The synthetic fiber is not particularly limited. For example, polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber, polybutylene terephthalate fiber, polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber, polylactic acid fiber; polyamide fiber such as polyamide 6 fiber and polyamide 66 fiber; polyacrylic fiber, polypropylene fiber and the like. Various synthetic fibers such as the polyolefin fiber of the above can be used.
Among these fibers, polyester fibers (particularly PET fibers), polypropylene fibers, and polyamide 6 fibers are preferable because of their high versatility.
As the single fiber 5 having a single fiber diameter of more than 1 μm and 5 μm or less, not only a single type of fiber but also two or more types of fibers can be mixed and used.
The synthetic fiber may be an undrawn yarn, a semi-drawn yarn, or a mixed yarn in which these are mixed.
The recycled fiber is not particularly limited. For example, cellulosic rayon, purified cellulose fiber lyocell and the like can be used. There are various types of rayon such as polynosic, viscose, and cupra rayon.
The semi-synthetic fiber is not particularly limited. For example, cellulosic acetate, protein-based promix, and the like can be used.
The natural fiber is not particularly limited. For example, plant fibers such as cotton and hemp, and animal fibers such as silk and animal hair (for example, wool) can be used.

(2) Fiber aggregate 3
(2.1) Structure of the fiber aggregate 3 The fiber aggregate 3 has the following structure. In the fiber aggregate 3, there is a portion where the plane portions 6 of the two or more single fibers 5 face substantially the same direction from the viewpoint of increasing the reflection efficiency with respect to the incident light in a specific direction. An enlarged cross-sectional view of this portion is schematically shown in FIG. Here, the single fibers 5 are not randomly arranged.
In the present disclosure, "the plane portions 6 are oriented in substantially the same direction" is defined as follows. The fiber aggregate 3 is arranged so that the cross section (cross section) of each single fiber 5 is aligned as straight as possible. In this state, each normal vector V in the two plane portions 6 to be contrasted is obtained. When the angle formed by the two normal vectors V is 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less, it is defined as facing substantially the same direction. A case where four single fibers 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are arranged side by side as shown in FIG. 7 will be described as an example. The single fibers 5A and 5B have flat surface portions 6A and 6B, respectively. Let the normal vectors of the plane portions 6A and 6B be the normal vectors V1 and V2, respectively. The case where the angle formed by the normal vector V1 of the flat surface portion 6A of the single fiber 5A and the normal vector V2 of the flat surface portion 6B of the single fiber 5B is 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less is oriented in substantially the same direction. Is defined as. In the case of the present disclosure, the flat surface portion 6 of at least two single fibers 5 has such a relationship. As shown in FIG. 7, in, for example, four single fibers 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D having more than two, the flat surface portions 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D may face substantially the same direction. In this case, if any two of the normal vectors V1, V2, V3, and V4 of the plane portions 6A, 6B, 6C, and 6D are selected, the angle formed by the two normal vectors is 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less. It has become.
In the case where a plurality of flat surface portions 6 are present in one single fiber 5, "the flat surface portions 6 are oriented in substantially the same direction" is defined as follows (see FIG. 8). First, the single fiber 5 to be contrasted (first single fiber 5, second single fiber 5) is selected. For the first single fiber 5, normal vectors V11, V12, V13 ... Are obtained for each flat surface portion 6, respectively. Similarly, for the second single fiber 5, the normal vectors V21, V22, V23, ... Are obtained for each of the plane portions 6. Then, a specific first normal vector is selected from the normal vectors V11, V12, V13 ... Of the first single fiber 5, and the normal vectors V21, V22, V23.・ ・ If a specific second normal vector is selected from the above and the angle between the two normal vectors (first normal vector and second normal vector) is 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less, It is assumed that the plane portions 6 of the two or more single fibers 5 face substantially the same direction. The first normal vector and the second normal vector are selected in such a combination that the angle formed by the two is the smallest. For example, in the case of FIG. 8, the combination of V11 and V21 is used.

In the fiber aggregate 3, as illustrated in FIGS. Existing.
In the fiber aggregate 3, at least a part thereof, the plane portions 6 of the two or more single fibers 5 may face substantially the same direction. That is, the fiber aggregate 3 may have a portion where the plane portions 6 of the single fiber 5 do not face substantially the same direction. That is, it is not necessary that the plane portions 6 of the single fibers 5 face substantially the same direction in the entire fiber aggregate 3.

The form of the fiber aggregate 3 is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of easy production, the fiber aggregate 3 is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, spunbonded nonwoven fabrics, melt blow nonwoven fabrics (melt blown nonwoven fabrics), and needle punched nonwoven fabrics.
As for the form of the fiber aggregate 3, a woven fabric or a knitted fabric is particularly preferable from the viewpoint that each single fiber 5 can be positioned and the flat surface portion 6 of each single fiber 5 can be easily oriented in substantially the same direction.
The structure of the woven fabric is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, various woven fabrics such as plain woven fabric, twill woven fabric, twill woven fabric, and combinations thereof.
The knit may be either a warp knit or a weft knit. As the weft, the basic structure (flat, rubber, pearl) and its changing structure can be exemplified. In addition, as the warp edition, the basic organization (Denby edition, code edition, atlas edition, chain edition) and its changing organization can be exemplified.
The spunbonded nonwoven fabric is manufactured, for example, by melting a resin to form fibers (threads), opening and depositing the fibers on a net to form a web, and then bonding them in a sheet shape.
The melt-blown nonwoven fabric is manufactured, for example, by melting a resin and using high-temperature air jetted from around a spinning nozzle to thin the fibers into a sheet.
The needle punched nonwoven fabric is manufactured by entwining fibers with each other by the reciprocating motion of a needle made of metal or the like.

(2.2) Thickness of Fiber Aggregate 3 The thickness of the fiber aggregate 3 is not particularly limited. The thickness of the fiber aggregate 3 is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, more preferably 0.3 mm or more and 5 mm or less, and further preferably 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing the manufacturing cost and increasing the reflectance. preferable.

(2.3) Metsuke amount of the fiber aggregate 3 The basis weight of the fiber aggregate 3 is not particularly limited. The basis weight of the fiber aggregate 3 is preferably 10 g / m ² or more and 1500 g / m ² or less, more preferably 15 g / m ² or more and 1000 g / m ² or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing the manufacturing cost and increasing the reflectance. More preferably, it is 20 g / m ² or more and 500 g / m ² or less.

(3) Structure of the skin material 1 A fiber aggregate 3 is used for the skin material 1. As shown in FIG. 9, the fiber aggregate 3 may be used as it is as the skin material 1. Further, another member may be attached to the fiber aggregate 3 to form the skin material 1.
The skin material 1 is widely used as the skin of articles (including parts) in various technical fields. The technical field in which the skin material 1 is used is not particularly limited. For example, it is suitably used in various industries such as automobiles, railroad vehicles and other vehicles, aircraft, ships, construction, and apparel in the technical fields related to skin materials.
The skin material 1 can be suitably used for an interior material 11, for example, a door trim (particularly an upper portion), a package tray, and a sheet, which can be heated to a high temperature by sunlight.
The skin material 1 efficiently reflects near infrared rays.

2. 2. Interior material 11
The interior material 11 is provided with a skin material 1. As shown in FIG. 10, for example, the interior material 11 has a structure in which the skin material 1 is laminated on the base material 8. The interior material 11 is not particularly limited. Examples of the interior material 11 include vehicle interior materials such as door trims, package trays, and seats.
The interior material 11 provided with the skin material 1 efficiently reflects near infrared rays.
In the skin material 1, it is preferable that the axis of the single fiber 5 is substantially horizontal in the used state. By adjusting in this way, as shown in FIG. 11, the reflection efficiency of near infrared rays of sunlight is increased, and the heat shielding function is excellent. In addition, "substantially horizontal" means that the inclination angle with respect to the horizontal direction is 15 ° or less, preferably 10 ° or less.

The above examples are for illustration purposes only and are not construed as limiting this disclosure. Although the present disclosure has been described by way of examples of typical embodiments, the language used in the description and illustration of the present disclosure is understood to be descriptive and exemplary rather than restrictive. As detailed herein, modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the scope or nature of the present disclosure in that form. Although specific structures, materials and examples have been referred to herein in detail in this disclosure, this disclosure is not intended to limit this disclosure to the matters disclosed herein, but rather the present disclosure is in the appended claims. It shall cover all functionally equivalent structures, methods and uses within the scope.

1 ... skin material 3 ... fiber aggregate 5 ... single fiber 6 ... flat surface 8 ... base material 10 ... skin material (conventional example)
11 ... Interior material V ... Normal vector

Claims (6)

An epidermis material with sheet-like fiber aggregates,
The fiber aggregate does not contain carbon black and contains a plurality of single fibers having a single fiber diameter of more than 1 μm and 5 μm or less.
Each of the single fibers has a flat surface portion and has a flat surface portion.
In the fiber aggregate, there is a portion where the plane portions of the two or more single fibers are oriented in substantially the same direction. The skin material according to claim 1, wherein the flat surface portion has near-infrared ray reflectivity. The skin material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer shape of the cross section of the single fiber is substantially triangular. The skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fiber aggregate is a woven fabric or a knitted fabric. The skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the single fiber is a synthetic fiber. An interior material comprising the skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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