JP2022014513A - Composite fiber, fiber aggregate, skin material and interior material - Google Patents

Abstract

To improve a dyeability and wear resistance of a fiber while ensuring an excellent near-infrared reflection performance.SOLUTION: A composite fiber 1 includes a core portion 3 and a sheath portion 5. The composite fiber 1 has a substantially triangular outer shape in a cross section of the fiber, and a length of each side constituting the outer shape is 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less. The core portion 3 has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. A length of each side constituting the substantially triangular cross-sectional shape of the core portion 3 is shorter than a length of each side constituting the outer shape of the composite fiber 1, and is 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less. Materials of the core 3 and the sheath 5 are different.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present disclosure relates to composite fibers, fiber aggregates, skin materials and interior materials.

Patent Document 1 discloses a skin material having an excellent heat-shielding function. Specifically, a fiber having a fiber diameter larger than 1 μm and 5 μm or less is included, and the volume fraction occupied by the fiber having a fiber diameter of about several μm is 3% or more and 20% or less, and the orientation tensor in the Z-axis direction. It is disclosed that the skin material having a value of 0.42 or less has excellent near-infrared ray reflection performance.

International Publication No. 2019/225304

Since fabrics using fibers having a fiber diameter of about several μm as disclosed in this technique have low dyeability, carbon black is usually kneaded into the fibers when making a dark color (for example, black). Use the raw material.
However, carbon black absorbs near infrared rays. Therefore, carbon black cannot be used to develop the heat-shielding function.
That is, since carbon black cannot be used in the technique of Patent Document 1 for the purpose of exhibiting a heat shielding function, it cannot be used for applications requiring a dark color (for example, black).
Further, in the technique of Patent Document 1, since a fiber having a fine fiber diameter is used, there is a possibility that the fiber may be cut due to wear, and it is difficult to cope with an application requiring wear resistance (for example, a door trim of an automobile).
The present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to improve dyeability and wear resistance while ensuring excellent near-infrared reflection performance. The present disclosure can be realized in the following forms.

[1] A composite fiber comprising a core portion and a sheath portion.
The outer shape of the fiber cross section of the composite fiber is substantially triangular, and the length of each side constituting the outer shape is 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less.
The core has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape and has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape.
The length of each side of the core portion constituting the substantially triangle of the cross-sectional shape is shorter than the length of each side constituting the outer shape, and is 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less.
The core portion and the sheath portion are made of different materials, and are composite fibers.

Since the composite fiber of the present disclosure is a substantially triangular shape having an outer shape of 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less, it efficiently reflects near infrared rays on the outer surface. Further, since this composite fiber has a core portion whose material is different from that of the sheath portion and whose cross-sectional shape is substantially triangular, near infrared rays are reflected even at the interface between the sheath portion and the core portion, which is the interface of different materials, and the near infrared rays are reflected. Reflectance is improved.
Further, the composite fiber of the present disclosure further has a sheath around the core portion of a substantially triangular shape consisting of sides of 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less, and the conventional fiber diameter is larger than 1 μm and thicker than the fiber of 5 μm or less. Therefore, wear resistance is improved. Further, since the composite fiber of the present disclosure has a larger cross-sectional area than the conventional fiber, it has high dyeability and can be used for applications requiring a dark color (for example, black).

The present disclosure will be further described in the following detailed description with reference to the plurality of references mentioned, with reference to non-limiting examples of typical embodiments according to the present disclosure.
It is a perspective view of the composite fiber of an example of an embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the composite fiber of an example of an embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the composite fiber of an example of an embodiment. It is a cross-sectional view of the fiber of an example of a reference form. It is a top view of the skin material (fiber aggregate) of an example of Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the interior material of an example of Embodiment.

Here are desirable examples of the present disclosure.
[2] In the cross section of the fiber,
It is assumed that the substantially triangular shape of the outer shape has a first vertex, a second vertex, and a third vertex.
When the substantially triangle of the core portion has a fourth vertex, a fifth vertex, and a sixth vertex, it is assumed.
With respect to the outer shape, when one side connecting the first vertex and the second vertex is set as the first base and the third vertex is arranged above the first base.
Assuming that the core portion has a second base substantially parallel to the first base and the second base is a line connecting the fourth vertex and the fifth vertex, the sixth vertex is the same. The composite fiber according to [1], which is located below the second base.
In this composite fiber, the sheath portion is divided into three regions having a substantially triangular cross section by the core portion. Since each region of the sheath portion is in a form that easily reflects near infrared rays, the reflectance of near infrared rays is further improved in this composite fiber.

[3] The material of the core portion is mainly composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6 and polyamide 66.
The composite fiber according to [1] or [2], wherein the material of the sheath portion is mainly composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polytrimethylene terephthalate.
In this composite fiber, the core material is mainly composed of a specific resin, and the sheath material is mainly composed of a specific resin. Near infrared rays are reflected at the interface of different materials, and the reflectance of near infrared rays is improved. do.

[4] The composite fiber according to any one of [1] to [3], which is colored with a dye.
Since this composite fiber is thick among fibers having high near-infrared reflection efficiency, it can express a dark color by coloring with a dye.

[5] A fiber aggregate comprising the composite fiber according to any one of [1] to [4].
This fiber aggregate has good dyeability and abrasion resistance while efficiently reflecting near infrared rays.

[6] A skin material comprising the fiber aggregate according to [5].
This skin material has good dyeability and abrasion resistance while efficiently reflecting near infrared rays.

[7] An interior material provided with the skin material according to [6].
This interior material has good dyeability and abrasion resistance while efficiently reflecting near infrared rays.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail. In the present specification, the description using "-" for the numerical range includes the lower limit value and the upper limit value unless otherwise specified. For example, in the description of "10 to 20", both the lower limit value "10" and the upper limit value "20" are included. That is, "10 to 20" has the same meaning as "10 or more and 20 or less".

1. 1. Composite fiber 1
(1) Structure The composite fiber 1 includes a core portion 3 and a sheath portion 5, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.

(2) Shape of outer shape of the cross section of the fiber The outer shape of the cross section of the fiber of the composite fiber 1 is substantially triangular. Abbreviated triangle means a triangle and a shape close to a triangle. Approximate triangles include triangles with rounded corners, triangles with gentle curves on the sides, and the like. The outer shape of the fiber cross section is preferably an equilateral triangle. By forming a substantially equilateral triangle, near infrared rays can be efficiently reflected on any of the sides S1, S2, and S3 constituting the outer shape.

(3) Length of each side constituting the outer shape The lengths L1, L2, L3 of each side S1, S2, S3 constituting the outer shape are 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less from the viewpoint of efficiently reflecting near infrared rays. It is preferably 2 μm or more and 8 μm or less, and more preferably 3 μm or more and 5 μm or less.

(4) Cross-sectional shape of the core portion 3 The core portion 3 has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. Approximate triangles include triangles with rounded corners, triangles with gentle curves on the sides, and the like. The cross-sectional shape of the core portion 3 is preferably an equilateral triangle. By making it a substantially equilateral triangle, each side S4, S5, S6 constituting the substantially triangle of the cross-sectional shape of the core portion 3
In any of the above, near infrared rays can be efficiently reflected.

(5) Length of each side constituting the substantially triangle of the cross-sectional shape of the core portion 3 Lengths L4, L5, L6 of each side S4, S5, S6 constituting the substantially triangle of the cross-sectional shape of the core portion 3 are outer shapes. The length of each side S1, S2, S3 constituting the above is shorter than the length L1, L2, L3. The lengths L4, L5, and L6 of each side S4, S5, and S6 are preferably 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or more and 4 μm or less, and 1 μm or more and 3 μm from the viewpoint of efficiently reflecting near infrared rays by Mie scattering. The following is more preferable.

(6) Material of Core 3 and Sheath 5 In the composite fiber 1, the core 3 and the sheath 5 are made of different materials. It is preferable that the material of the core portion 3 and the material of the sheath portion 5 are different so as to cause a difference in the refractive index, for example.
The material of the core portion 3 is mainly composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6 and polyamide 66, and the material of the sheath portion 5 is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and An embodiment containing at least one selected from the group consisting of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) as a main component is preferable. When these materials are selected, a difference between the refractive index of the core portion 3 and the refractive index of the sheath portion 5 occurs, near infrared rays are reflected at the interface between the core portion 3 and the sheath portion 5, and the reflectance of the near infrared rays is improved. Because.
The main component means a substance having a content (% by mass) of 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less. In the first part and the second part, if necessary, additive components usually used for resins such as strengthening agents, flame retardants, antistatic agents, antioxidants, fillers and the like are used as long as they do not impair the desired physical properties. Can be added.
It is preferable that the composite fiber 1 does not contain carbon black. This is because the reflection performance of the composite fiber 1 deteriorates when carbon black is contained.

(7) Arrangement of the core portion 3 The core portion 3 preferably has the following arrangement in order to further improve the reflectance of near infrared rays.
In the fiber cross section, as shown in FIG. 3, the substantially triangular outer shape has a first vertex V1, a second vertex V2, and a third vertex V3. The substantially triangle of the core 3 has a fourth vertex V4, a fifth vertex V5, and a sixth vertex V6. Regarding the outer shape, the side S2 connecting the first vertex V1 and the second vertex V2 is set as the first base, and the third vertex V3 is arranged above the side S2 (first base). The core portion 3 has a second base that is a side S4 substantially parallel to the side S2 (first base), and the side S4 (second base) is a line connecting the fourth vertex V4 and the fifth vertex V5. Then, the sixth vertex V6 is located below the side S4 (second base).
In the composite fiber 1, the sheath portion 5 is divided into three regions 5A, 5B, and 5C having a substantially triangular cross section by the core portion 3. Each region 5A, 5B, 5C is a substantially triangle having a length side that easily reflects near infrared rays by Mie scattering. Therefore, in this form, the near-infrared reflectance of the composite fiber 1 is further improved.
The regions 5A, 5B, and 5C are not completely separated by the core portion 3, but the ends of the regions 5A, 5B, and 5C are connected to each other by the connecting portion 11 as shown in FIG. It is preferable that it is. When the regions 5A, 5B, and 5C are connected to each other, the regions 5A, 5B, and 5C are less likely to come off from the composite fiber 1. As a result, the composite fiber 1 is less likely to be divided.

(8) Dye used for coloring the composite fiber 1 The dye is not particularly limited. As the dye, one or more selected from the group consisting of disperse dyes, acidic dyes, cationic dyes, slene dyes (virt dyes), direct dyes, sulfide dyes, reactive dyes, and naphthol dyes can be used.
Disperse dyes are suitable for dyeing polyester fibers and the like. Examples of the disperse dye include dyes such as azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, and quinophthalone dyes.
Acid dyes are suitable for dyeing polyamide fibers such as nylon. Examples of acid dyes include azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, pyrazolone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, xanthene dyes, indigoid dyes, and triphenylmethane dyes.
The cationic dye is suitable for dyeing a copolymerized polyester fiber or the like in which a functional group having dyeability with respect to the cationic dye is introduced. The cation dye is generally a salt consisting of a dye cation having a positive charge in the coloring part and a colorless anion, and is water-soluble. When classified by chemical structure, triarylmethane dye, methine dye, azo dye, and azamethylene are used. Examples thereof include dyes such as dyes and anthraquinone dyes.
Examples of the slene dye include dyes such as anthraquinone dyes and indigo dyes.

(9) Effect of Composite Fiber 1 The effect of the composite fiber 1 will be described in comparison with the conventional fiber 100 of FIG.
Generally, a fabric or the like using a fiber having a fine fiber diameter of about several μm has low dyeability. Therefore, when the fabric or the like is made dark (for example, black), a stock solution in which carbon black is kneaded into the fiber. Use colored fibers. However, carbon black cannot be used to exhibit the heat shielding function.
As in the fiber 100 of FIG. 4, even when the fiber diameter is reduced to 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less to increase the reflection efficiency of near infrared rays due to Mie scattering, it is necessary to exhibit the heat shielding function, that is, near infrared rays. Carbon black cannot be used because it is necessary to increase the reflection efficiency of infrared rays. Therefore, the fiber 100 of FIG. 4 has a problem that a dark-colored (for example, black) fabric or the like cannot be obtained.
Further, in the fiber 100 of FIG. 4, since the fiber diameter is as thin as 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less, the fiber may be cut due to wear, and it is difficult to apply it to applications requiring wear resistance (for example, automobile door trim). rice field.
With respect to the fiber 100 of FIG. 4, the composite fiber 1 has good dyeability and abrasion resistance while maintaining the property of efficiently reflecting near infrared rays.
Since the composite fiber 1 is a substantially triangular shape having an outer shape of 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less, it efficiently reflects near infrared rays on the outer surface. Further, since the composite fiber 1 has a core portion 3 whose material is different from that of the sheath portion 5 and whose cross-sectional shape is substantially triangular, near infrared rays are reflected even at the interface between the sheath portion 5 and the core portion 3 which are interfaces of different materials. The reflectance of near-infrared rays is improved.
Further, the composite fiber 1 further includes a sheath portion 5 around a core portion 3 having a substantially triangular shape consisting of sides of 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less, and the conventional fiber diameter is larger than 1 μm and thicker than a fiber of 5 μm or less. Therefore, wear resistance is improved.
Further, since the composite fiber 1 has a larger cross-sectional area than the conventional fiber, it has high dyeability and can be used for applications requiring a dark color (for example, black). That is, since the composite fiber 1 is thicker than the fiber 100 of FIG. 4, it can be impregnated with a larger amount of dye and can be made into a dark color. The fiber 100 of FIG. 4 has a fiber diameter as thin as 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less from the viewpoint of improving the reflection efficiency of near infrared rays due to Mie scattering. Considering the reflection efficiency of near infrared rays, it is preferable that the fiber 100 does not contain carbon black as described above. When the fiber 100 was colored with a dye without using carbon black, it was difficult to make the fiber 100 dark because the amount of the dye permeated was small because the fiber 100 was thin. On the other hand, in the case of the composite fiber 1, the fiber diameter can be increased and the amount of the dye that permeates can be increased to obtain a dark color (for example, black) while increasing the reflection efficiency of near infrared rays due to Mie scattering. .. When the composite fiber 1 is used, a dark-colored (for example, black) fiber aggregate 61 can be produced (see FIG. 5).
Since the composite fiber 1 is thicker than the fiber 100 of FIG. 4, it has good wear resistance.
In the composite fiber 1, the sheath portion 5 is divided into three regions having a substantially triangular cross section by the core portion 3. Since each of the regions 5A, 5B, and 5C is in a form that easily reflects near infrared rays, the reflectance of near infrared rays is further improved in the composite fiber 1.
In the composite fiber 1, when the material of the core portion 3 is mainly composed of a specific resin and the material of the sheath portion 5 is mainly composed of a specific resin, near infrared rays are reflected at the interface of different materials, and the near infrared rays are reflected. Reflectance is improved.
Since the composite fiber 1 is thick among the fibers having high near-infrared reflection efficiency, a dark color can be expressed by coloring with a dye.

2. 2. Fiber assembly 61
(1) Form of Fiber Aggregate 61 The fiber aggregate 61 uses the composite fiber 1. The content of the composite fiber 1 in the fiber aggregate 61 is not particularly limited. The content of the composite fiber 1 in the fiber aggregate 61 is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, still more preferably 15% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of increasing the reflection efficiency of near infrared rays. The content of the composite fiber 1 in the fiber aggregate 61 may be 100% by mass.
The fiber aggregate 61 may contain fibers other than the composite fiber 1.
The form of the fiber aggregate 61 is not particularly limited. The fiber aggregate 61 is at least one selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, spunbonded nonwoven fabrics, melt blow nonwoven fabrics (melt blown nonwoven fabrics), needle punched nonwoven fabrics, and flocked sheets from the viewpoint of easy production. desirable.
The structure of the woven fabric is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, various woven fabrics such as plain woven fabric, twill woven fabric, twill woven fabric, and combinations thereof.
The knit may be either a weft knit or a warp knit. As the weft, the basic structure (flat, rubber, pearl) and its changing structure can be exemplified. In addition, as the warp edition, the basic organization (Denby edition, code edition, atlas edition, chain edition) and its changing organization can be exemplified.
The spunbonded nonwoven fabric is manufactured, for example, by melting a resin to form fibers (threads), opening and depositing the fibers on a net to form a web, and then bonding them in a sheet shape.
The melt-blown nonwoven fabric is manufactured, for example, by melting a resin and using high-temperature air jetted from around a spinning nozzle to thin the fibers into a sheet.
The needle punched nonwoven fabric is manufactured by entwining fibers with each other by the reciprocating motion of a needle made of metal or the like.
The flocked sheet is manufactured, for example, by flocking fibers on a sheet-shaped substrate (base portion). From the viewpoint of ease of production, electrostatic flocking (flocking) is preferably used.

(2) Thickness of Fiber Aggregate 61 The thickness of the fiber aggregate 61 is not particularly limited. The thickness of the fiber aggregate 61 is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, more preferably 0.2 mm or more and 5 mm or less, and further preferably 0.3 mm or more and 3 mm or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing the manufacturing cost and increasing the reflectance. preferable.

(3) Metsuke amount of the fiber aggregate 61 The basis weight of the fiber aggregate 61 is not particularly limited. The basis weight of the fiber aggregate 61 is preferably 10 g / m ² or more and 1500 g / m ² or less, more preferably 15 g / m ² or more and 1000 g / m ² or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing the manufacturing cost and increasing the reflectance. More preferably, it is 20 g / m ² or more and 500 g / m ² or less.

(4) Effect of Fiber Aggregate 61 The fiber aggregate 61 has good dyeability and abrasion resistance while efficiently reflecting near infrared rays.

3. 3. Skin material 63
A fiber aggregate 61 is used as the skin material 63. As shown in FIG. 5, the fiber aggregate 61 may be used as it is as the skin material 63. Further, another member may be attached to the fiber aggregate 61 to form the skin material 63.
The skin material 63 is widely used as a skin for articles (including parts) in various technical fields. The technical field in which the skin material 63 is used is not particularly limited. For example, it is suitably used in various industries such as automobiles, railroad vehicles and other vehicles, aircraft, ships, construction, and apparel in the technical fields related to skin materials.
The skin material 63 can be suitably used for an interior material 65 that can be heated to a high temperature by sunlight, for example, a door trim (particularly an upper portion), a package tray, and a seat.
The skin material 63 efficiently reflects near infrared rays and has good dyeability and abrasion resistance.

4. Interior material 65
The interior material 65 is provided with a skin material 63. As shown in FIG. 6, for example, the interior material 65 has a structure in which the skin material 63 is laminated on the base material 66. The interior material 65 is not particularly limited. Examples of the interior material 65 include vehicle interior materials such as door trims, package trays, and seats.
The interior material 65 provided with the skin material 63 has good dyeability and abrasion resistance while efficiently reflecting near infrared rays.

The above examples are for illustration purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described with reference to examples of typical embodiments, the wording used in the description and illustration of the invention is understood to be descriptive and exemplary rather than limited wording. As detailed here, modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the scope or nature of the invention in its form. Although specific structures, materials and examples have been referred to herein in detail of the invention, it is not intended to limit the invention to the disclosures herein, but rather the invention is claimed in the accompanying claims. It shall cover all functionally equivalent structures, methods and uses within the scope.

1 ... Composite fiber 3 ... Core part 5 ... Sheath part 11 ... Connecting part 61 ... Fiber aggregate 63 ... Skin material 65 ... Interior material 66 ... Base material 100 ... Fiber V1 ... First vertex V2 ... Second vertex V3 ... Third Vertex V4 ... 4th vertex V5 ... 5th vertex V6 ... 6th vertex

Claims (7)

A composite fiber having a core and a sheath.
The outer shape of the fiber cross section of the composite fiber is substantially triangular, and the length of each side constituting the outer shape is 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less.
The core has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape and has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape.
The length of each side of the core portion constituting the substantially triangle of the cross-sectional shape is shorter than the length of each side constituting the outer shape, and is 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less.
The core portion and the sheath portion are made of different materials, and are composite fibers. In the fiber cross section
It is assumed that the substantially triangular shape of the outer shape has a first vertex, a second vertex, and a third vertex.
When the substantially triangle of the core portion has a fourth vertex, a fifth vertex, and a sixth vertex, it is assumed.
With respect to the outer shape, when one side connecting the first vertex and the second vertex is set as the first base and the third vertex is arranged above the first base.
Assuming that the core portion has a second base substantially parallel to the first base and the second base is a line connecting the fourth vertex and the fifth vertex, the sixth vertex is the said. The composite fiber according to claim 1, which is located below the second base. The material of the core portion is mainly composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6 and polyamide 66.
The composite fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material of the sheath portion is mainly composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polytrimethylene terephthalate. The composite fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is colored with a dye. A fiber aggregate comprising the composite fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A skin material comprising the fiber aggregate according to claim 5. An interior material comprising the skin material according to claim 6.

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