JP2022000843A - Electrolyte membrane for electrochemical cell, and electrochemical cell - Google Patents

Abstract

To suppress damage during manufacturing of an ionic conductive ceramics and an electrolyte membrane with a support.SOLUTION: An electrolyte membrane 4 for an electrochemical cell includes a first electrolyte layer 41 and a second electrolyte layer 42. The first electrolyte layer 41 includes an ionic conductive ceramics 411 and a support 412. The second electrolyte layer 42 has an ionic conductive polymer having the same ion as the ionic conductive ceramics 411 as a conductive species.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell and an electrochemical cell.

The electrochemical cell has a pair of electrodes and an electrolyte membrane. The electrolyte membrane is arranged between the pair of electrodes. Each electrode is formed on an electrolyte membrane by a hot press or the like. Each electrode is one size smaller than the electrolyte membrane. As the material of the electrolyte membrane, an ionic conductive polymer, an ionic conductive ceramic, and the like are known.

For example, Patent Document 1 proposes an electrolyte membrane in which an ionic conductive ceramic and a support are composited.

International Publication No. 2019/12431

The electrolyte membrane is preferably thinned in order to improve the output. Further, in order to reduce the resistance in the composite electrolyte membrane as described above, it is preferable to increase the ratio of the ionic conductive ceramics. However, since such a composite electrolyte membrane becomes brittle as the proportion of ionic conductive ceramics increases, there is a problem that the electrolyte membrane is damaged by the load at the time of manufacturing when it is thinned. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to suppress damage during manufacturing of an ionic conductive ceramics and an electrolyte membrane having a support.

The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to the first aspect of the present invention is used for an electrochemical cell. The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell includes a first electrolyte layer and a second electrolyte layer. The first electrolyte layer has ionic conductive ceramics and a support. The second electrolyte layer has an ionic conductive polymer having the same ion as the ionic conductive ceramics as a conductive species.

According to this configuration, the first electrolyte layer having the ionic conductive ceramics and the support is supported by the second electrolyte layer composed of the ionic conductive polymer. Therefore, even if the proportion of the ionic conductive ceramics in the first electrolyte layer is increased, damage during the production of the electrolyte membrane can be suppressed.

Further, when this electrolyte membrane is used in a fuel cell using methanol as a fuel, the electrolyte membrane needs to suppress the permeation of methanol. Here, since the second electrolyte layer is a polyelectrolyte layer, it has high methanol permeability, but since the first electrolyte layer is an electrolyte membrane containing ceramics, the permeation of methanol can be suppressed by the first electrolyte layer. ..

Preferably, the second electrolyte layer is thicker than the first electrolyte layer.

Preferably, the ratio (t2 / t1) of the thickness (t2) of the second electrolyte layer to the thickness (t1) of the first electrolyte layer is 1.5 or more.

Preferably, the support is insulating.

Preferably, the support is a porous substrate.

Preferably, the support is a binder.

Preferably, the support is made of resin.

Preferably, the swelling rate of the electrolyte membrane is 40% or less.

Preferably, in the cross section of the first electrolyte layer, the ratio (A2 / A1) of the area (A2) of the support to the area (A1) of the ion conductive ceramics is 0.11 or more and 9 or less.

Preferably, the ionic conductive ceramics and the ionic conductive polymer are hydroxide ion conductive.

Preferably, the ionic conductive ceramic is a layered double hydroxide.

The electrochemical cell according to the second aspect of the present invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and any of the above-mentioned electrolyte membranes. The electrolyte membrane is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode.

The direct methanol fuel cell according to the third aspect of the present invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and any of the above-mentioned electrolyte membranes. An oxidizing agent containing oxygen is supplied to the first electrode. Methanol is supplied to the second electrode. The electrolyte membrane is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode.

According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress damage during manufacturing of an ionic conductive ceramic and an electrolyte membrane having a support.

Sectional drawing of a solid alkaline fuel cell. An enlarged cross-sectional view of the first electrolyte layer. The side view of the electrolyte membrane which concerns on a modification. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel cell joint according to a modified example. The enlarged sectional view of the 1st electrolyte layer which concerns on a modification.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the solid alkaline fuel cell 100, which is an example of an electrochemical cell using the electrolyte membrane according to the present invention, will be described with reference to the drawings. The solid alkaline fuel cell 100 is a kind of alkaline fuel cell (AFC) having a hydroxide ion as a carrier.

(Solid alkaline fuel cell 100)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the solid alkaline fuel cell 100 according to the embodiment. The solid alkaline fuel cell 100 includes a cathode 2 (an example of a first electrode), an anode 3 (an example of a second electrode), and an electrolyte membrane 4. Further, the solid alkaline fuel cell 100 includes a first separator 11 and a second separator 12. The cathode 2, the anode 3, and the electrolyte membrane 4 constitute the fuel cell junction 10. When actually used, a plurality of solid alkaline fuel cells 100 are stacked. Specifically, a plurality of fuel cell joints 10 are stacked via the first and second separators 11 and 12.

(1st and 2nd separators 11 and 12)
The first and second separators 11 and 12 are arranged so as to sandwich the fuel cell joint 10 from both sides in the thickness direction (z-axis direction). The first separator 11 is configured to supply an oxidizing agent containing _{oxygen (O 2) to the cathode 2.} The first separator 11 has a first flow path 111. The first flow path 111 faces the cathode 2. _{An oxidizing agent containing oxygen (O 2} ) is supplied to the first flow path 111.

The second separator 12 is configured to supply fuel containing a hydrogen atom (H) to the anode 3. The second separator 12 has a second flow path 121. The second flow path 121 faces the anode 3. Fuel containing a hydrogen atom (H) is supplied to the second flow path 121. For example, methanol is supplied to the second flow path 121.

When a plurality of fuel cell joints 10 are stacked via the first and second separators 11 and 12, the first separator 11 is a surface opposite to the surface on which the first flow path 111 is formed. A second flow path is formed in. Further, in the second separator 12, the first flow path is formed on the surface opposite to the surface on which the second flow path 121 is formed.

A first seal member 13a is arranged between the first separator 11 and the fuel cell joint 10. The first seal member 13a improves the adhesion between the first separator 11 and the fuel cell joint 10 to prevent the oxidizing agent from leaking to the outside. A second seal member 13b is arranged between the second separator 12 and the fuel cell joint 10. The second seal member 13b improves the adhesion between the second separator 12 and the fuel cell joint 10 to prevent fuel from leaking to the outside.

The first and second seal members 13a and 13b are annular and are in contact with the outer peripheral portion of the electrolyte membrane 4 of the fuel cell joint 10. Examples of the first and second seal members 13a and 13b include O-rings and rubber sheets. The first seal member 13a may be integrally configured with the first separator 11. The second seal member 13b may be integrally configured with the second separator 12.

(Fuel cell junction 10)
The fuel cell junction 10 includes a cathode 2, an anode 3, and an electrolyte membrane 4. The fuel cell junction 10 generates electricity at a relatively low temperature (for example, 50 ° C. to 250 ° C.) based on the following electrochemical reaction formula. However, in the following electrochemical reaction formula, methanol is used as an example of fuel. That is, the solid alkaline fuel cell 100 according to the present embodiment is a direct methanol fuel cell.

・ Cathode 2: 3 / 2O ₂ + 3H ₂ O + 6e ⁻ → 6OH ⁻
・ Anode 3: CH ₃ OH + 6OH ⁻ → 6e ⁻ + CO ₂ + 5H ₂ O
・ Overall: CH ₃ OH + 3 / 2O ₂ → CO ₂ + 2H ₂ O

(Cathode 2)
The cathode 2 is arranged on the first surface 401 side (upper surface side in FIG. 1) of the electrolyte membrane 4. Specifically, the cathode 2 is arranged on the first electrolyte layer 41 of the electrolyte membrane 4. The cathode 2 is one size smaller than the electrolyte membrane 4. The cathode 2 is an anode generally called an air electrode.

During power generation of the solid alkaline fuel cell 100, an oxidizing agent containing _{oxygen (O 2} ) is supplied to the cathode 2 via the first flow path 111 of the first separator 11. As the oxidizing agent, it is preferable to use air, and it is more preferable that the air is humidified. The cathode 2 is a porous body capable of diffusing an oxidizing agent inside. The porosity of the cathode 2 is not particularly limited. The thickness of the cathode 2 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 10 to 200 μm.

The cathode 2 is not particularly limited as long as it contains a known air electrode catalyst used for AFC. Examples of cathode catalysts include group 8-10 elements (IUPAC format periodic table) such as group 11 elements (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) and group 11 elements (Fe, Co, Ni). Group 11 elements (elements belonging to groups 8 to 10), group 11 elements such as Cu, Ag, and Au (elements belonging to group 11 in the periodic table in the IUPAC format), rhodium phthalocyanine, tetraphenylporphyrin, Co-salen, Ni-salen (elements belonging to group 11), Cu, Ag, Au, etc. Salen = N, N'-bis (salicylidene) ethylenediamine), silver nitrate, and any combination thereof. The amount of the catalyst supported on the cathode 2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 10 mg / cm ² , more preferably 0.1 to 5 mg / cm ² . The cathode catalyst is preferably supported on carbon. Preferred examples of the cathode 2 or the catalyst constituting the cathode 2 are platinum-supported carbon (Pt / C), palladium-supported carbon (Pd / C), rhodium-supported carbon (Rh / C), and nickel-supported carbon (Ni / C). Examples thereof include copper-supported carbon (Cu / C) and silver-supported carbon (Ag / C).

The method for producing the cathode 2 is not particularly limited, but for example, the cathode catalyst supported on the carrier is mixed with a binder to form a paste. Then, this paste-like mixture is applied onto the film and dried to prepare a cathode transfer film. Then, the cathode transfer film is placed on the electrolyte membrane 4 and hot-pressed to transfer the cathode on the transfer film onto the electrolyte membrane 4.

(Anode 3)
The anode 3 is arranged on the second surface 402 side (lower surface side in FIG. 1) of the electrolyte membrane 4. Specifically, the anode 3 is arranged on the second electrolyte layer 42 of the electrolyte membrane 4. The anode 3 is one size smaller than the electrolyte membrane 4. The anode 3 is a cathode generally called a fuel electrode.

During power generation of the solid alkaline fuel cell 100, fuel containing a hydrogen atom (H) is supplied to the anode 3 via the second flow path 121 of the second separator 12. As the fuel, it is preferable to use methanol. The anode 3 is a porous body capable of diffusing fuel inside. The porosity of the anode 3 is not particularly limited. The thickness of the anode 3 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 10 to 500 μm.

The fuel may contain a fuel compound capable of reacting with hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ) at the anode 3, and may be in the form of either liquid fuel or gaseous fuel.

Examples of the fuel compound include (i) hydrazine (NH ₂ NH ₂ ), hydrated hydrazine (NH ₂ NH ₂ · H ₂ O), hydrazine carbonate ((NH ₂ NH ₂ ) ₂ CO ₂ ), and hydrazine sulfate (NH). ₂ NH ₂ · H ₂ SO ₄ ), monomethyl hydrazine (CH ₃ NHNH ₂ ), dimethyl hydrazine ((CH ₃ ) ₂ NNH ₂ , CH ₃ NHNHCH ₃ ), and hydrazines such as _{carboxylic hydrazine ((NHNH 2} ) _{2 CO).} Class, (ii) urea (NH ₂ CONH ₂ ), (iii) ammonia (NH ₃ ), (iv) imidazole, 1,3,5-triazine, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and other heterocycles. Examples thereof include (v) hydroxylamines such as hydroxylamine (NH ₂ OH) and hydroxylamine sulfate (NH ₂ OH · H ₂ SO ₄ ), and combinations thereof. Of these fuel compounds, carbon-free compounds (ie, hydrazine, hydrated hydrazine, hydrazine sulfate, ammonia, hydroxylamine, hydroxylamine sulfate, etc.) are particularly suitable because they do not have the problem of catalytic poisoning by carbon monoxide. be.

The fuel compound may be used as a fuel as it is, or may be used as a solution dissolved in water and / or an alcohol (for example, a lower alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol). For example, among the above fuel compounds, hydrazine, hydrated hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine and dimethylhydrazine are liquids and can be used as they are as liquid fuels. In addition, hydrazine carbonate, hydrazine sulfate, carboxylic hydrazine, urea, imidazole, and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, and hydroxylamine sulfate are solid but soluble in water. 1,3,5-triazine and hydroxylamine are solid but soluble in alcohol. Ammonia is a gas but is soluble in water. As described above, the solid fuel compound can be dissolved in water or alcohol and used as a liquid fuel. When the fuel compound is dissolved in water and / or alcohol and used, the concentration of the fuel compound in the solution is, for example, 1 to 90% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight.

Further, a hydrocarbon-based liquid fuel containing alcohols such as methanol and ethanol and ethers, a hydrocarbon-based gas such as methane, or pure hydrogen can be used as it is as a fuel. In particular, methanol is suitable as the fuel used in the solid alkaline fuel cell 100 according to the present embodiment. Methanol may be in a gaseous state, a liquid state, or a gas-liquid mixed state.

The anode 3 is not particularly limited as long as it contains a known anode catalyst used for AFC. Examples of anode catalysts include metal catalysts such as Pt, Ni, Co, Fe, Ru, Sn, and Pd. The metal catalyst is preferably supported on a carrier such as carbon, but may be in the form of an organic metal complex having a metal atom of the metal catalyst as a central metal, or the organic metal complex may be supported as a carrier. Further, a diffusion layer made of a porous material or the like may be arranged on the surface of the anode catalyst. Preferred examples of the anode 3 and the catalysts constituting the anode 3 are nickel, cobalt, silver, platinum-supported carbon (Pt / C), palladium-supported carbon (Pd / C), rhodium-supported carbon (Rh / C), and nickel-supported carbon. (Ni / C), copper-supported carbon (Cu / C), and silver-supported carbon (Ag / C) can be mentioned.

The method for producing the anode 3 is not particularly limited, but for example, the anode catalyst supported on the carrier is mixed with a binder to form a paste. Then, this paste-like mixture is applied onto the film and dried to prepare an anode transfer film. Then, the anode transfer film is placed on the electrolyte membrane 4 and hot pressed to transfer the anode on the transfer film onto the electrolyte membrane 4.

(Electrolyte membrane 4)
The electrolyte membrane 4 is arranged between the cathode 2 and the anode 3. The electrolyte membrane 4 is connected to each of the cathode 2 and the anode 3. The electrolyte membrane 4 has ionic conductivity. In this embodiment, the electrolyte membrane 4 has hydroxide ion conductivity. The electrolyte membrane 4 is in the form of a film. The electrolyte membrane 4 has a first electrolyte layer 41 and a second electrolyte layer 42. The first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 are laminated.

The electrolyte film 4 can be formed by forming the second electrolyte layer 42 on the first electrolyte layer 41. For example, the electrolyte membrane 4 can be formed by applying a paste of a material constituting the second electrolyte layer 42 on the first electrolyte layer 41 using a die coater or a spray coater and subjecting the paste to a heat treatment. .. Further, a paste of the material constituting the second electrolyte layer 42 can be printed and formed on the first electrolyte layer 41 by a printing method.

Alternatively, the electrolyte film 4 can also be formed by forming the first electrolyte layer 41 on the second electrolyte layer 42. Further, the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 are prepared, and the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 are overlapped and bonded by hot pressing, or the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte are bonded. The electrolyte membrane 4 may be formed by adhering the layer 42 to the layer 42 with an ionic conductive binder. The first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 have substantially the same size in a plan view (z-axis direction view).

The thickness t1 of the first electrolyte layer 41 is, for example, about 0.5 to 200 μm. The method for measuring the thickness t1 of the first electrolyte layer 41 is as follows. First, a cut surface (xz surface) passing through the vicinity of the center of the first electrolyte layer 41 as shown in FIG. 1 is created. Then, on the cut surface, the thickness of the first electrolyte layer 41 is measured at arbitrary points at both ends of the first electrolyte layer 41 and at arbitrary points in the central portion, and the average value thereof is used as the average value of the first electrolyte layer 41. The thickness can be t1.

The thickness t2 of the second electrolyte layer 42 is, for example, about 5 to 300 μm. The method for measuring the thickness t2 of the second electrolyte layer 42 is as follows. First, a cut surface passing through the vicinity of the center of the second electrolyte layer 42 is created. Then, on the cut surface, the thickness of the second electrolyte layer 42 is measured at arbitrary points at both ends of the second electrolyte layer 42 and at arbitrary points in the central portion, and the average value thereof is used as the average value of the second electrolyte layer 42. The thickness can be t2.

The thickness t2 of the second electrolyte layer 42 is thicker than the thickness t1 of the first electrolyte layer 41. For example, the ratio (t2 / t1) of the thickness t2 of the second electrolyte layer 42 to the thickness t1 of the first electrolyte layer 41 can be about 1.5 to 20. In this way, by making the thickness t2 of the second electrolyte layer 42 thicker than the thickness t1 of the first electrolyte layer 41, the strength of the electrolyte membrane is improved, and the electrolyte membrane is subjected to a load. Damage can be further suppressed.

(First electrolyte layer 41)
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an enlarged cross section of the first electrolyte layer 41. As shown in FIG. 2, the first electrolyte layer 41 has an ion conductive ceramics 411 and a porous base material 412 (an example of a support). The ionic conductive ceramics 411 have, for example, hydroxide ionic conductivity. That is, the ionic conductive ceramics 411 use hydroxide ions as a conductive species. During power generation of the solid alkaline fuel cell 100, the first electrolyte layer 41 conducts hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ) from the cathode 2 side to the anode 3 side mainly by the ion conductive ceramics 411.

The hydroxide ion conductivity of the ionic conductive ceramics 411 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mS / cm or more, more preferably 0.5 mS / cm or more, and further preferably 1.0 mS / cm or more. The higher the hydroxide ion conductivity of the ionic conductive ceramics 411 is, the more preferable it is, and the upper limit thereof is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 mS / cm.

The ionic conductive ceramics 411 can be made of ceramics having hydroxide ion conductivity. As such ceramics, layered double hydroxides (LDH) are suitable.

LDH is M ²⁺ _1-x M ³⁺ _x (OH) ₂ A ⁿ⁻ x / n · mH ₂ O (in the formula, M ²⁺ is a divalent cation, M ³⁺ is a trivalent cation, and A ⁿ⁻ is an n-valent anion, n is an integer of 1 or more, x is 0.1 to 0.4, and m is an arbitrary integer meaning the number of moles of water). Have. Examples of M ^{2+ include Mg 2+} , Ca ²⁺ , Sr ²⁺ , Ni ²⁺ , Co ²⁺ , Fe ²⁺ , Mn ²⁺ , and Zn ²⁺ , and examples of M ^{3+ include Al 3+} , Fe ³⁺ , Ti ³⁺ , ^{Y 3+, Ce 3+, Mo 3+} , and ^{Cr 3+, and} examples of ^{a n-} is _CO ^{3 2-} and OH ^- are exemplified. As M ²⁺ and M ³⁺ , one type may be used alone or two or more types may be used in combination.

LDH is composed of a plurality of hydroxide basic layers and an intermediate layer interposed between the plurality of hydroxide basic layers. Intermediate layer is composed of an anion and _{H 2} O. The hydroxide basic layer contains, for example, Ni, Al, Ti and OH groups when the metal M is Ni, Al, Ti. Hereinafter, the case where the hydroxide basic layer of LDH contains Ni, Al, Ti and OH groups will be described.

Ni in LDH can take the form of nickel ions. Nickel ions in LDH are typically considered to be Ni ²⁺ , but are not particularly limited as other valences such as ^{Ni 3+ are possible.} Al in LDH can take the form of aluminum ions. Aluminum ions in LDH are typically considered to be Al ³⁺ , but are not particularly limited as other valences are possible. Ti in LDH can take the form of titanium ions. Titanium ions in LDH are typically considered to be Ti ⁴⁺ , but are not particularly limited as other valences such as ^{Ti 3+ are possible.} The hydroxide basic layer preferably contains Ni, Al, Ti and OH groups as main constituent elements, but may contain other elements or ions, or may contain unavoidable impurities. The unavoidable impurity is an arbitrary element that can be unavoidably mixed in the production method, and can be mixed in LDH, for example, derived from a raw material or a base material.

Intermediate layer of LDH is composed of anionic and _{H 2} O. The anion is a monovalent or higher anion, preferably a monovalent or divalent ion. Preferably, the anions in LDH contain OH ⁻ and / or CO ₃ ^2- .

As mentioned above, since the valences of Ni, Al and Ti are not always fixed, it is impractical or impossible to specify LDH strictly by a general formula. Assuming that the basic hydroxide layer is mainly composed of Ni ²⁺ , Al ³⁺ , Ti ⁴⁺ and OH groups, LDH is expressed by the general formula: Ni ²⁺ _1-xy Al ³⁺ _x Ti ⁴⁺ _y (OH). _{^{) 2 a n- (x + 2y}} ) / n · mH 2 O ( ^{wherein, a n-n-valent} anion, n is an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 or 2, 0 <x <1, preferably 0.01 ≦ x ≦ 0.5, 0 <y <1, preferably 0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.5, 0 <x + y <1, m is 0 or more, typically more than 0 or 1 or more It can be expressed by the basic composition (which is a real number of). However, the above general formula should be understood as "basic composition" to the ^{extent that elements such as Ni 2+} , Al ³⁺ , and Ti ⁴⁺ do not impair the basic characteristics of LDH, and other elements or ions (of the same element). It should be understood as replaceable with elements or ions of other valences or elements or ions that can be unavoidably mixed in the process.

The porous substrate 412 is configured to support the ionic conductive ceramics 411. Specifically, the porous substrate 412 has a three-dimensional network structure. The "three-dimensional network structure" is a structure in which the constituent substances of the base material are three-dimensionally and networked. The porous substrate 412 forms continuous pores 412a. The continuous pores 412a are formed by connecting the pores in a three-dimensional and mesh-like manner, and are exposed on the outer surface of the porous base material 412. The continuous holes 412a are impregnated with ionic conductive ceramics 411.

The porous substrate 412 can be composed of at least one selected from a metallic material and a polymer material.

As the metal material constituting the porous base material 412, stainless steel (Fe—Cr alloy, Fe—Ni—Cr alloy, etc.), aluminum, zinc, nickel, titanium, or the like can be used. Since such a metal material has higher thermal conductivity than a ceramic material or a polymer material, it is possible to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the porous base material 412 and reduce the temperature distribution in the porous base material 412. Can be made to. As long as it has a three-dimensional network structure, the form of the porous base material 412 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a cell-like or monolithic structure composed of a porous metal material (for example, a foamed metal material). Alternatively, it may be a mesh-like mass composed of a fine wire metal material.

When the porous base material 412 is made of a metal material, an insulating film may be formed on the surface of the porous base material 412. Insulating _{film, Cr 2 O 3, Al 2} O 3, ZrO 2, MgO, can be constituted by such MgAl ₂ O _4. When constituting the porous substrate 412 by stainless steel, by oxidizing the stainless steel, it can be easily formed a Cr ₂ O ₃ film as an insulating film. However, in the present embodiment, since the first and second film-like portions 41b and 41c, which will be described later, function as an insulating film, the insulating film may not be formed on the surface of the porous base material 412.

Examples of the polymer material constituting the porous base material 412 include polystyrene, polyether sulfone, polypropylene, epoxy resin, polyphenylene sulfide, fluororesin (tetrafluororesin: PTFE, etc., polyvinylidene fluoride), cellulose, and nylon. , Polypropylene and any combination thereof. When the porous base material 412 is made of a flexible polymer material, it is easy to reduce the thickness while increasing the porosity, so that the hydroxide ion conductivity can be improved. As the porous base material 412 made of a polymer material, a microporous membrane as commercially available as a separator for a lithium battery can be used.

The porous substrate 412 is preferably insulating. When the porous base material 412 has an insulating property, it means that the porous base material has both electronic insulating property and ionic insulating property.

The fact that the porous base material 412 has an electron insulating property means that the electron conductivity of the porous base material 412 is 10 ^-4 mS / cm or less. The electron conductivity of the porous base material 412 can be measured by attaching terminals with platinum paste to the test piece of the porous base material 412 cut into a strip shape by processing it into a sheet shape and measuring the DC resistance.

The fact that the porous substrate 412 has ionic insulation means that the ionic conductivity of the porous substrate 412 (in this embodiment, the hydroxide ion conductivity) is ^10-5 mS / cm or less. .. The ionic conductivity of the porous substrate 412 can be measured by measuring the AC resistance of the test piece described above.

The swelling rate of the electrolyte membrane 4 is preferably 40% or less. The swelling rate of the electrolyte membrane 4 can be measured by the following method. The rectangular electrolyte membrane 4 is immersed in a 90% aqueous methanol solution for 5 hours, and the dimensions after the immersion are measured. Then, the swelling rate can be obtained by dividing the difference between the dimension after immersion and the initial dimension by the initial dimension. The initial dimension and the post-immersion dimension of the electrolyte membrane 4 are the side lengths of the rectangular electrolyte membrane 4 in the in-plane direction (xy-plane direction), and the expansion rate of the side length in the x-direction and the side length in the y-direction. The expansion rate of the electrolyte membrane 4 is the average of the expansion rates of the electrolyte membrane 4.

In the cross section of the first electrolyte layer 41, the ratio (A2 / A1) of the area (A2) of the porous substrate 412 to the area (A1) of the ion conductive ceramics 411 is preferably 9 or less. The ratio (A2 / A1) can be 0.25 or more.

In the cross section of the first electrolyte layer 41, the area of the ionic conductive ceramics 411 (A1) and the area of the porous base material 412 (A2) can be measured by the following methods. First, a cut surface of the electrolyte membrane 4 as shown in FIG. 2 is formed by a plane that passes near the center of the electrolyte membrane 4 and is orthogonal to the in-plane direction (xy plane direction), for example, an xz plane. Image data obtained by photographing this cut surface with an SEM, FE-SEM, TEM, cryo-SEM, or the like is binarized. The ratio of the area occupied by the ionic conductive ceramics 411 to the data obtained by this binarization treatment is the area of the ionic conductive ceramics 411 (A1), and the ratio of the remaining area is the area of the porous base material 412 (the area of the porous base material 412 (A1). It can be A2). In addition, the ratio of the area was calculated in the central part of each region divided into 5 in the x direction of FIG. The ratio (A2 / A1).

The thickness of the porous substrate 412 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 200 μm or less, preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 75 μm or less, still more preferably 50 μm or less, particularly preferably 25 μm or less, and 5 μm. The following are the most preferable. The lower limit of the thickness of the porous base material 412 may be appropriately set according to the intended use, but is preferably 0.5 μm or more, and more preferably 1 μm or more in order to secure a certain degree of hardness.

The average inner diameter of the continuous pores 412a in the cross section of the porous substrate 412 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 0.001 to 1.5 μm, preferably 0.001 to 1.25 μm, and more preferably 0. It is 001 to 1.0 μm, more preferably 0.001 to 0.75 μm, and particularly preferably 0.001 to 0.5 μm. Within these ranges, the density of the ionic conductive ceramics 411 can be improved while imparting strength as a support to the porous base material 412. The average inner diameter of the continuous holes 412a is obtained by arithmetically averaging the circle-equivalent diameters of the continuous holes 412a at 20 locations randomly selected on the observation image when the cross section of the porous substrate 412 is observed with an electron microscope. can get. The circle-equivalent diameter of the continuous hole 412a is the diameter of a circle having the same area as the cross-sectional area of the continuous hole 412a in the observation image. The magnification of the electron microscope may be appropriately set according to the cross-sectional size of the continuous hole 412a.

The volume fraction of the continuous hole 412a is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 10 to 90%, preferably 15 to 70%, and more preferably 20 to 50%. Within these ranges, the density of the ionic conductive ceramics 411 can be improved while ensuring the strength of the porous base material 412 as a support. The volume fraction of the continuous hole 412a can be measured by the Archimedes method.

Further, although not shown in FIG. 2, the porous substrate 412 preferably has a plurality of pores inside itself. The plurality of pores may be connected to each other inside the porous substrate 412. It is more preferable that each pore is an open pore that opens on the surface of the porous base material 412, and each pore is impregnated with ionic conductive ceramics 411. As a result, a short-distance ion conduction path of continuous pores 412a → pores in the porous substrate 412 → continuous pores 412a, continuous pores 412a → pores in the porous substrate 412 → second film-like portion 41c, or , The first film-like portion 41b → the pores in the porous substrate 412 → the second film-like portion 41c can form a long-distance ion conduction path. As a result, the ionic conductive region in the first electrolyte layer 41 is widened, so that the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte membrane 4 as a whole can be improved.

The first electrolyte layer 41 has a composite portion 41a, a first membrane-like portion 41b, and a second membrane-like portion 41c. The composite portion 41a has an ionic conductive ceramics 411 and a porous base material 412. The first film-shaped portion 41b and the second film-shaped portion 41c have the ionic conductive ceramics 411 but do not have the porous base material 412.

The composite portion 41a is arranged between the first film-like portion 41b and the second film-like portion 41c. The ionic conductive ceramics 411 are supported by the porous base material 412 in the porous base material 412. Specifically, the ionic conductive ceramics 411 are arranged in the continuous pores 412a of the porous substrate 412. The ion conductive ceramics 411 is impregnated in the continuous pores 412a of the porous base material 412 and is integrated with the porous base material 412. By supporting the ionic conductive ceramics 411 with the porous base material 412 in this way, the strength of the first electrolyte layer 41 can be improved, so that the first electrolyte layer 41 can be made thinner. As a result, the resistance of the electrolyte membrane 4 can be reduced.

In the present embodiment, the ionic conductive ceramics 411 spread over substantially the entire area of the continuous pores 412a of the porous substrate 412. However, when the first electrolyte layer 41 does not have at least one of the first film-like portion 41b and the second film-like portion 41c, the ion conductive ceramics 411 is impregnated only in a part of the porous base material 412. You may.

Here, in the composite portion 41a, the first electrolyte layer 41 has a plurality of closed pores 413 formed inside the composite portion 41a. Since such closed pores 413 are formed, it is possible to alleviate the volume change of the first electrolyte layer 41 due to the change in the water content of the composite portion 41a during the operation of the solid alkaline fuel cell 100. As a result, it is possible to suppress the generation of stress at the interface between the first electrolyte layer 41 and the cathode 2 and / and the interface between the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42. As a result, it is possible to prevent the first electrolyte layer 41 from being peeled off from the cathode 2 and / and the second electrolyte layer 42, and the first electrolyte layer 41 itself from being deformed.

Further, by forming the closed air holes 413 inside, flexibility can be imparted to the composite portion 41a. Therefore, due to the temperature distribution in the solid alkaline fuel cell 100, heat is generated at the interface between the cathode 2 and the first electrolyte layer 41 and / and the interface between the second electrolyte layer 42 and the first electrolyte layer 41. It is possible to suppress the generation of stress. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the first electrolyte layer 41 from peeling off from the cathode 2 and / and the second electrolyte layer 42, or the first electrolyte layer 41 itself from being deformed.

The closed pores 413 are separated from the porous substrate 412. That is, the closed pores 413 are confined inside the ion conductive ceramics 411 and do not come into direct contact with the inner surface of the continuous pores 412a. As a result, when the electrolyte membrane 4 undergoes volume change or deformation as compared with the case where the closed pores 413 come into direct contact with the porous base material 412, the porous base material 412, the ionic conductive ceramics 411, and the closed pores It is possible to prevent the ionic conductive ceramics 411 from peeling from the porous substrate 412, starting from the corners made of the three elements of 413. The closed pores 413 may be in contact with the porous base material 412.

The average circle-equivalent diameter of each closed hole 413 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.001 to 1.0 μm. The average circle-equivalent diameter of each closed hole 413 is preferably 0.001 μm or more, more preferably 0.002 μm or more. Thereby, the flexibility of the composite portion 41a can be further improved. The average circle-equivalent diameter of each closed hole 413 is preferably 1.0 μm or less, more preferably 0.8 μm or less.

For the average circle-equivalent diameter of each closed pore 413, the cross section of the electrolyte membrane 4 was observed with an electron microscope at a magnification of 20,000 to 1,500,000 times, and the circle-equivalent diameter of 20 randomly selected pores 413 was selected. Obtained by arithmetic averaging. The circle-equivalent diameter of the closed pores 413 is the diameter of a circle having the same area as the closed pores 413 in the cross section of the electrolyte membrane 4. However, since the closed pores 413 having a diameter equivalent to a circle of 0.001 μm or less have an extremely small contribution to improving the flexibility of the composite portion 41a, they should be excluded when determining the average diameter equivalent to a circle of each closed hole 413. do.

The first film-like portion 41b is connected to the cathode 2 side of the composite portion 41a. The first film-like portion 41b is formed in a film-like shape. The ionic conductive ceramics 411 of the first film-shaped portion 41b are integrally formed with the ionic conductive ceramics 411 of the composite portion 41a.

The second film-like portion 41c is connected to the anode 3 side of the composite portion 41a. The second film-like portion 41c is formed in a film-like shape. The ionic conductive ceramics 411 of the second film-shaped portion 41c are integrally formed with the ionic conductive ceramics 411 of the composite portion 41a. Each of the first film-like portion 41b and the second film-like portion 41c may be formed in a uniform planar shape, or may be patterned into a desired planar shape such as a striped shape. The thickness of each of the first film-like portion 41b and the second film-like portion 41c is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 10 μm or less, preferably 7 μm or less, and more preferably 5 μm or less.

(Manufacturing method of the first electrolyte layer 41)
The method for producing the first electrolyte layer 41 is not particularly limited, but when the ion conductive ceramics 411 is composed of LDH and the hydroxide basic layer of LDH contains Ni, Al, Ti and OH groups, the following It can be produced by the steps (1) to (4) of.

(1) Prepare a porous base material 412.

(2) The entire porous base material 412 is impregnated with a mixed sol of alumina and titania and heat-treated to form an alumina-titania layer. As will be described later, in order to grow the ion conductive ceramics 411 from the entire surface of the porous base material 412, it is important to form an alumina-titania layer on the entire surface of the porous base material 412. The heat treatment is carried out multiple times by impregnating the mixed sol of titania. As a result, the alumina-titania layer can be formed on the entire surface of the porous base material 412.

(3) The porous base material 412 is immersed in a raw material aqueous solution containing ^{nickel ions (Ni 2+) and urea.}

(4) The porous base material 412 is hydroheat-treated in the raw material aqueous solution to form the ionic conductive ceramics 411 on the porous base material 412 and in the porous base material 412. At this time, by appropriately adjusting the hydrothermal treatment time and the solution concentration, the closed pores 413 can be formed in the ion conductive ceramics 411 by stopping the reaction before the pores are closed. Since the ionic conductive ceramics 411 grows around the alumina-titania layer formed on the surface of the porous base material 412 as a nucleus, when the alumina-titania layer is formed on the entire surface of the porous base material 412, it is porous. Ion conductive ceramics 411 will grow from the entire surface of the quality substrate 412. As a result, the closed pores 413 can be separated from the porous substrate 412.

(Second electrolyte layer 42)
The second electrolyte layer 42 has an ionic conductive polymer. That is, the second electrolyte layer 42 is a polymer electrolyte layer. The ion conductive polymer of the second electrolyte layer 42 uses the same ions as the ion conductive ceramics 411 as a conductive species. That is, the ionic conductive polymer of the second electrolyte layer 42 uses hydroxide ions as a conductive species. In the present embodiment, the ion conductive polymer of the second electrolyte layer 42 has hydroxide ion conductivity. During the power generation of the solid alkaline fuel cell 100, the second electrolyte layer 42 conducts hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ) from the cathode 2 side to the anode 3 side mainly by the ionic conductive polymer.

The hydroxide ion conductivity of the ionic conductive polymer of the second electrolyte layer 42 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 mS / cm or more, more preferably 10 mS / cm or more, still more preferably 50 mS / cm or more. The higher the hydroxide ion conductivity of the ionic conductive polymer is, the more preferable it is, and the upper limit thereof is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 100 mS / cm.

As the ion conductive polymer of the second electrolyte layer 42, either a hydrocarbon-based or fluororesin-based anionic conductive solid polymer electrolyte membrane can be used. Examples of such anionic conductive solid polymer electrolyte membranes include Neosepta (registered trademark) AM-1, AHA manufactured by Astom Co., Ltd., A-201, A-901 manufactured by Tokuyama Co., Ltd., and the like. be able to.

The first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 use the same ions as conduction species. For example, if the first electrolyte layer 41 is hydroxide ion conductive, the second electrolyte layer 42 is also hydroxide ion conduction, and the first electrolyte layer 41 is proton conduction, as in the present embodiment. The second electrolyte layer 42 is also proton-conducting. Here, the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 are discriminated into ^{proton conduction (H +} ) and hydroxide ion conduction (OH ^{−) by the following test.} ..

(Evaluation sample preparation method)
First, create an evaluation sample as follows. First, a cathode catalyst (Pt / C) supported on carbon (Pt supported amount 50 wt% (TEC10E50E manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.)) and PVDF powder as a binder are prepared. Next, the cathode catalyst: PVDF. The paste is prepared by mixing so that the weight ratio of powder: water is 9 wt%: 0.9 wt%: 90 wt%. Subsequently, the prepared paste is applied to the PET film and dried. A transfer film is prepared. Then, an evaluation sample is prepared by hot-pressing the transfer film on both sides of the electrolyte membrane to be measured (120 ° C., 1 minute, 3 MPa).

(Evaluation method)
A steam concentration cell is used to determine the conduction species. First, highly humidified air is supplied to one side and low humidified air is supplied to the other side of the electrolyte. Then, in the proton conductor, an electromotive force is generated by the reaction according to the equation (1) on the high humidification side and the equation (2) on the low humidification side. On the other hand, in the hydroxide ion conductor, an electromotive force is generated by the reaction according to the equation (3) on the high humidification side and the equation (4) on the low humidification side. Since the electromotive force of the proton conductor and the hydroxide ion conductor shows the opposite sign, the conductor species of the electrolyte membrane can be specified by confirming the code of the electromotive force. Specifically, when the electromotive force is measured, it can be determined that if the low-humidified side has a high potential, it is proton conduction, and if the high-humidified side has a high potential, it is hydroxide ion conduction.
^{_{H 2 O → 1 / 2O 2}} + 2H + + 2e - ··· (1)
^{_{1 / 2O 2 + 2H + +}} 2e - → H 2 O ··· (2)
_{H 2 O + 1 / 2O 2} + 2e - → 2OH - ··· (3)
2OH ⁻ → H ₂ O + 1 / 2O ₂ + 2e ⁻・ ・ ・ (4)

(Modified example of the embodiment)
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Modification 1
In the above embodiment, the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 have hydroxide ion conductivity, but the ion conductivity of the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 is limited to this. Not done. For example, the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 may have proton conductivity. That is, the ion conductive ceramics 411 of the first electrolyte layer 41 and the ion conductive polymer of the second electrolyte layer 42 may use protons as a conductive species.

Modification 2
In the above embodiment, the electrolyte membrane 4 has one first electrolyte layer 41 and one second electrolyte layer 42, but the configuration of the electrolyte membrane 4 is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the electrolyte membrane 4 may have two first electrolyte layers 41 and one second electrolyte layer 42. In this case, the pair of first electrolyte layers 41 can be arranged so as to sandwich the second electrolyte layer 42.

Further, the electrolyte membrane 4 may have one first electrolyte layer 41 and two second electrolyte layers 42. In this case, the pair of second electrolyte layers 42 can be arranged so as to sandwich the first electrolyte layer 41.

Modification 3
In the above embodiment, the electrolyte membrane 4 is a support, but the configuration of the fuel cell junction 10 is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the anode 3 may be a support. In this case, the electrolyte membrane 4 is formed on the upper surface of the anode 3. The electrolyte membrane 4 has the same size as the anode 3 or one size smaller than the anode 3. The cathode 2 formed on the upper surface of the electrolyte membrane 4 has the same size as the electrolyte membrane 4 or one size smaller than the electrolyte membrane 4.

The cathode 2 may be a support. Further, the fuel cell 100 may separately have a member serving as a support.

Modification 4
The first electrolyte layer 41 does not have to have the porous base material 412. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the first electrolyte layer 41 may have an ion conductive ceramics 411 and a binder 414. The binder 414 functions as a support for the ion conductive ceramics 411. Specifically, the binder 414 is arranged between the constituent particles of the ion conductive ceramics 411. The binder 414 binds each constituent particle of the ion conductive ceramics 411 to each other. For example, the binder 414 maintains the shape of the first electrolyte layer 41 by binding LDH particles to each other. Examples of such a binder include polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), styrene-butadiene rubber, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and vinylidene fluoride-hexa. Fluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride-pentafluoropropylene copolymer, propylene-tetrafluoroethylene Polymer, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-perfluoromethylvinyl ether-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, or ethylene-acrylic acid co-polymer Examples include polymers.

Modification 5
In the above embodiment, the first electrolyte layer 41 has the composite portion 41a, the first membrane-like portion 41b, and the second membrane-like portion 41c, but may have only the composite portion 41a. That is, the first electrolyte layer 41 does not have to include at least one of the first film-like portion 41b and the second film-like portion 41c.

Modification 6
In the above embodiment, the cathode 2 is arranged on the first electrolyte layer 41 and the anode 3 is arranged on the second electrolyte layer 42, but the configuration of the bonded body 10 is not limited to this. For example, the cathode 2 may be arranged on the second electrolyte layer 42 and the anode 3 may be arranged on the first electrolyte layer 41.

Modification 7
In the above embodiment, the embodiment in which the fuel cell according to the present invention is applied to the solid alkaline fuel cell has been described, but the object to which the fuel cell according to the present invention is applied is not limited to the solid alkaline fuel cell, for example. It can also be applied to other fuel cells such as solid polymer fuel cells and electrolytic cells.

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples described below.

Test A
In Test A, the fuel cell junction 10 according to Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was prepared. Then, it was confirmed whether or not the electrolyte membrane was damaged in the process of producing the bonded body 10.

In Examples 1 to 15, a fuel cell junction 10 was prepared using the electrolyte membrane 4 having the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42. Further, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, a fuel cell junction 10 was produced using an electrolyte membrane having a first electrolyte layer 41 and no second electrolyte layer 42.

The electrolyte membranes 4 of Examples 1 to 15 were prepared as follows. First, Neosepta AHA manufactured by Astom Co., Ltd. was prepared as the second electrolyte layer 42 having hydroxide ion conductivity, and Nafion 115 manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd. was prepared as the second electrolyte layer 42 having proton conductivity.

Next, as ion-conducting ceramics, hydroxide ion-conducting LDH (Mg-Al) particles (average particle size 1.0 μm) and proton-conducting Cl ^- type LDH (Zn-Cr) particles (average particle size). 1.0 μm) or proton-conducting sulfuric acid-modified titania particles (average particle size 1.0 μm) were prepared. In addition, PVDF powder or PTFE powder was prepared as a binder, and NMP was prepared as a solvent. Then, a mixed paste was prepared by mixing so that the weight ratio of LDH powder or titania powder: PVDF powder or PTFE powder: NMP was 0.5: 0.5: 9. Then, this mixed paste was applied onto a PET film by a printing method and heat-treated (30 minutes, 90 ° C.) to form the first electrolyte layer 41. By adjusting the coating thickness of the first electrolyte layer 41, the thickness was adjusted as shown in Table 1. Then, the first electrolyte layer 41 was peeled off from the PET film, and the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 were hot-pressed (1 hour, 60 ° C., 3 MPa) to prepare an electrolyte membrane 4. The first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 have substantially the same size in a plan view.

The first electrolyte layer 41 of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was formed by the same method as in Examples 1 to 15. By adjusting the coating thickness of the first electrolyte layer 41, the thickness was adjusted as shown in Table 1.

Next, a cathode catalyst (Pt / C) supported on carbon (Pt supported amount 50 wt% (TEC10E50E manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.)) and PVDF powder as a binder were prepared, and the cathode catalyst: PVDF. A cathode paste was prepared by mixing so that the weight ratio of powder: water was 9 wt%: 0.9 wt%: 90 wt%. The adjusted cathode paste was applied to a PET film and dried to obtain a cathode. A transfer film was prepared. Further, an anode catalyst (Pt-Ru / C) supported on carbon (Pt-Ru supported amount 54 wt% (TEC61E54 manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.)) and PVDF powder as a binder were used. Then, the cathode paste was prepared by mixing so that the weight ratio of the anode catalyst: PVDF powder: water was 9 wt%: 0.9 wt%: 90 wt%. The adjusted cathode paste was PET. An anode transfer film was prepared by applying it to a film and drying it.

(Evaluation method)
The cathode transfer film and the anode transfer film were arranged so as to sandwich the electrolyte membranes of Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Then, by performing hot pressing (120 ° C., 1 minute, 3 MPa) from the cathode transfer film side and the anode transfer film side, the cathode of the cathode transfer film is transferred and formed on the electrolyte membrane, and the anode of the anode transfer film is formed. Transfer-formed on the electrolyte membrane. In Examples 1 to 15, the cathode 2 was formed on the first electrolyte layer 41, and the anode 3 was formed on the second electrolyte layer 42. The cathode 2 and the anode 3 are one size smaller than the electrolyte membrane in a plan view. Further, in each Example and Comparative Example, the configuration is basically the same except for the configuration of the electrolyte membrane.

The presence or absence of damage in each of the electrolyte membranes of Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 after hot pressing was confirmed with an optical microscope, and the results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, "◯" means that the electrolyte membrane is not damaged, and "x" means that the electrolyte membrane is not damaged.

From Table 1, it was found that by forming the electrolyte membrane 4 with the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42, damage to the electrolyte membrane 4 can be suppressed.

Test B
In Test B, the electrolyte membranes 4 according to Examples 16 to 29 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 were prepared. Then, the methanol permeation blocking property in each Example and Comparative Example was evaluated.

First, in Examples 16 to 29, the electrolyte membrane 4 was prepared by the same method as in Examples 1 to 15. The materials and thicknesses of the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 are as shown in Table 2.

In Comparative Examples 3 to 5, an electrolyte membrane having no first electrolyte layer 41 and having a second electrolyte layer 42 was used. Specifically, in Comparative Example 3, Neosepta AHA manufactured by Astom Co., Ltd. was used as the second electrolyte layer 42, Nafion 115 manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd. was used in Comparative Example 4, and Nafion 117 manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd. was used in Comparative Example 5.

(Evaluation method)
The methanol permeation blocking property of the electrolyte membrane prepared as described above was evaluated as follows. First, each of the electrolyte membranes of Examples 16 to 29 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 was sandwiched between the first separator 11 and the second separator 12 via the first seal member 13a and the second seal member 13b. The material of the first seal member 13a and the second seal member 13b was PTFE.

Next, the temperature of the electrolyte membrane was raised to 60 ° C., and 1 mol / L methanol aqueous solution was supplied to the first separator 11 side and ion-exchanged water was supplied to the second separator 12 side at 1 mL / min for 3 hours. Then, the permeation amount of methanol was measured by measuring the methanol concentration of the waste liquid on the second separator 12 side. The results are shown in Table 2. In Table 2, the methanol permeation blocking property of Examples 16 to 21 is the methanol permeation amount when the methanol permeation amount when the electrolyte membrane is composed of only the second electrolyte layer 42 of Comparative Example 3 is 1. Those with a value of 0.7 or less are designated as “◯”, and those with a methanol permeation amount of more than 0.7 are designated as “x”. Further, in Table 2, the methanol permeation blocking properties of Examples 22 to 29 and Comparative Example 5 are obtained when the amount of methanol permeation is 1 when the electrolyte membrane is composed of only the second electrolyte layer 42 of Comparative Example 4. , The one having a methanol permeation amount of 0.7 or less is regarded as "◯", and the one having a methanol permeation amount larger than 0.7 is regarded as "x".

From Table 2, it was found that the methanol permeation blocking property was improved by forming the electrolyte membrane 4 with the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42.

Test C
In Test C, the electrolyte membrane 4 according to Examples 30 to 41 was prepared. Then, it was confirmed whether or not the electrolyte membrane 4 was damaged when the electrolyte membrane 4 was immersed in methanol and a drying cycle test was performed.

^{In Examples 30 to 41, Cl −} type LDH (Zn—Cr) was used as the ion conductive ceramics 411 of the first electrolyte layer 41. Further, in Examples 30 to 35, PVDF was used as a binder as a support for the first electrolyte layer 41. Further, in Examples 36 to 41, Nafion was used as a binder as a support for the first electrolyte layer 41. Further, in Examples 30 to 41, Nafion 115 was used as the second electrolyte layer 42.

Then, the electrolyte membrane 4 was prepared by the same method as in Examples 1 to 15. The thickness of the first electrolyte layer 41 was set to 50 μm. By adjusting the ratio of LDH particles and binder in the mixed paste, the ratio (A2 / A1) of the area (A2) of the support to the area (A1) of the ion conductive ceramics 411 in the cross section of the first electrolyte layer 41 is adjusted. did. The thickness of the electrolyte membrane 4 composed of the first electrolyte layer 41 and the second electrolyte layer 42 was 127 μm. Table 3 shows the ratio of the support area (A2) to the area (A1) of the ion conductive ceramics 411 in the cross section of the first electrolyte layer 41.

Next, the electrolyte membrane 4 according to Examples 30 to 41 was immersed in a 90% aqueous methanol solution for 5 hours, and the swelling rate after the immersion was measured. The swelling rate of the electrolyte membrane 4 according to Examples 30 to 41 is as shown in Table 3. Then, the amount of methanol permeation was measured by the same method as in Examples 16 to 29. Then, a cycle test of immersion and drying was carried out. Specifically, the mixture was immersed in a 90% aqueous methanol solution at room temperature for 5 hours, then dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours, repeated 20 times, and then the permeation amount of methanol was measured again.

The presence or absence of damage in each of the electrolyte membranes 4 of Examples 30 to 41 after the test was confirmed visually and by an optical microscope on the surface of the first electrolyte layer 41, and the results are shown in Table 3. In addition, in Table 3, "◯" means that the amount of methanol permeation did not increase after the cycle test, that is, the electrolyte membrane was not damaged. Further, in Table 3, “Δ” means that the increase in methanol permeation amount is 10% or less and minute cracks are present in the electrolyte membrane, and “×” means that the increase in methanol permeation amount is 20% or more and the electrolyte membrane is present. Means that it has been damaged. From Table 3, in the cross section of the first electrolyte layer 41, the ratio (A2 / A1) of the area (A2) of the support to the area (A1) of the ion conductive ceramics is set to 9 or less to prevent the electrolyte film 4 from being damaged. It turned out that it can be suppressed. Further, it was found that the damage of the electrolyte membrane 4 can be further prevented by setting the swelling rate of the electrolyte membrane 4 to 40% or less.

2 Cathode 3 Anode 4 Electrolyte film 41 1st electrolyte layer 411 Ion conductive ceramics 412 Porous base material 414 Binder 42 2nd electrolyte layer 100 Fuel cell

Claims (13)

An electrolyte membrane used in electrochemical cells.
A first electrolyte layer having an ionic conductive ceramic and a support for supporting the ionic conductive ceramic,
A second electrolyte layer having an ionic conductive polymer having the same ion as the ionic conductive ceramics as a conductive species,
Electrolyte membrane for electrochemical cells.
The second electrolyte layer is thicker than the first electrolyte layer.
The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to claim 1.
The ratio (t2 / t1) of the thickness (t2) of the second electrolyte layer to the thickness (t1) of the first electrolyte layer is 1.5 or more.
The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to claim 2.
The support is insulating.
The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
The support is a porous base material,
The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
The support is a binder,
The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
The support is made of resin.
The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
The swelling rate of the electrolyte membrane is 40% or less.
The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
In the cross section of the first electrolyte layer, the ratio (A2 / A1) of the area (A2) of the support to the area (A1) of the ion conductive ceramics is 0.11 or more and 9 or less.
The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
The ionic conductive ceramics and the ionic conductive polymer are hydroxide ion conductive.
The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
The ion conductive ceramics are layered double hydroxides.
The electrolyte membrane for an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
With the first electrode
With the second electrode
The electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode.
The electrochemical cell.
The first electrode to which an oxidant containing oxygen is supplied, and
The second electrode to which methanol is supplied and
The electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode.
A direct methanol fuel cell equipped with.

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