JP2021532194A - 農薬およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
農薬およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021532194A JP2021532194A JP2021529251A JP2021529251A JP2021532194A JP 2021532194 A JP2021532194 A JP 2021532194A JP 2021529251 A JP2021529251 A JP 2021529251A JP 2021529251 A JP2021529251 A JP 2021529251A JP 2021532194 A JP2021532194 A JP 2021532194A
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- gum
- pesticide
- certain embodiments
- aqueous
- droplets
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
- A01N25/06—Aerosols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国仮特許出願第62/714,461号の優先権の利益を主張し、その内容は全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
連邦政府による資金提供を受けた研究開発の記載
本発明は、連邦政府の資金提供の利益を享受せずに着想され、実施化された。
ガムベース農薬製剤の大きな利点は、そのような製剤が、既存の市販製品に典型的に含有されるものよりもはるかに環境に優しいことであることに注目することが重要である。本発明において用いられるガムは、多くの市販の化学農薬とは異なり、非毒性かつ生分解性である。ある特定の農薬の使用の結果生じる水路および多くの壊れやすい生態系への損害は、近年、活動家団体およびEPAの関心を集めており、EPAへのいくつかの農薬登録の取り消し、およびある特定のクラスの農薬の使用に対してその環境影響プロファイルに起因して法的限定を課すEPAの使用制限製品目録の拡大につながっている。欧州食品安全機関(EFSA)もまた、ある特定の殺虫剤がハチ個体数に及ぼす害に関する論議に参加しており、この問題を深刻な環境上の懸念として認識している。
野外においてある特定の害虫を防除する新たに発見された潜在性を有する本発明の組成物は、ある特定のガムおよびそれらのブレンドの水性調製物を含む。ガムは、主として様々な植物材料または微生物発酵プロセスから得られる親水コロイドである。それらは、水溶性かつ非毒性であり、作物保護において使用される多くの従来のクラスの化学物質よりも環境への害が少ない。本出願人は、これらの親水コロイドが、標的作物に比較的低い濃度で施用された場合に農薬接着剤として有効であることを観察したが、それらは、既存の農薬と比較して改善された有効性のためにより高い使用レベルで施用されてもよく、その施用量は、悪い環境影響を回避するための環境規制により限定される。
本明細書に記載された農薬接着剤組成物(タンクミックス)についての希釈率、または「使用量(usage rate)」は、施用手段のタイプ、標的植物または作物、施用時期、ならびに温度および湿度などの他の環境因子に基づいて変動し、当業者が適切に選択することができる。ある特定の実施形態例では、使用量は、約29.57mL(1オンス)/378.54L(100ガロン)の最終溶液〜約15.14L(4ガロン)/378.54L(100ガロン)の最終溶液である。ある特定の実施形態例では、使用量は、約473.18mL(1パイント)/378.54L(100ガロン)〜946.35mL(1クオート)/378.54L(100ガロン)の最終施用溶液である。
農薬接着剤組成物の一部は、各個々のガム単独とは著しく異なる特性を示すガムのブレンドを含む。表2は、本出願人らにより試験された乾燥ガムブレンドのいくつかの実施形態例および乾燥質量に関する有用な比の範囲を掲載している。本明細書に開示された実施形態に関連して、ある特定のガムおよびガムの組合せが水と相互作用する能力は、粘度の増加または維持を可能にする。加えて、ある特定のガムおよびガムの組合せは、溶液が噴霧された場合に比較的大きな液滴(すなわち、≧100mm)を形成することができるよう確保するのに必要なレオロジー特性を示す。したがって、有用なガムベース農薬の調製において、本出願人らにより調製された乾燥ガムおよびガムブレンドを、水性溶媒に、本出願を通じて列挙された濃度で添加した。
ある特定の実施形態例では、ガムは、アカシアガム、MGA、グアーガム、セルロース化合物、キサンタンガム、コンニャク、カラギーナン、アルギネートおよびペクチンを含み得る。本開示を通じて使用される場合、「約」という用語は、厳密な値である濃度を示すために使用される。
別の実施形態例では、アジュバント組成物において使用されるガムは、ペクチンおよびメチルセルロース(MC)である。ペクチンは、柑橘類の果皮またはリンゴの絞りかす(pumice)から抽出され、粘度、成膜、およびゲル特性を提供する多糖である。MCは、CMCおよびヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)と同じ基材で作製され、メチル基でエーテル化されて可溶性繊維を生成するセルロースである。MCは、HPMCと同様の熱ゲル化特性および優れた成膜性を備える。したがって、ある特定の実施形態例では、アジュバント組成物は、1:1の比で添加されたペクチンおよびMCを含む。
Claims (15)
- 標的植物上の生存する昆虫またはクモ形類害虫の数を減少させる方法であって、
キサンタンガム、コンニャク、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、カラギーナン、アルギン酸プロピレングリコール、メチルセルロース、アカシアガム、ペクチンおよびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のガムの有効量を含むガム濃縮物を調製するステップと、
ガム濃縮物を水性溶媒に希釈して、水性農薬を形成するステップであって、水性農薬の単一点粘度が、剪断力が印加されない場合に1.0×10-3〜3.0×10-3Pa・s(1.0〜3.0センチポアズ)であり、100単位の剪断力が印加された場合に1.0×10-3Pa・s(1.0センチポアズ)未満である、ステップと、
水性農薬を103.42p〜1206.58kPa(15〜175ポンド毎平方インチ)の圧力下で噴霧ノズルを通して標的植物に噴霧して、標的植物に接着した噴霧液滴を形成するステップと
を含み、
昆虫またはクモ形類害虫が噴霧液滴と接触し、その結果、噴霧液滴中に捕捉され、
各昆虫またはクモ形類害虫が噴霧液滴のいずれか1つから逃れるのに必要な平均g力が、少なくとも350である、方法。 - ガム濃縮物中の少なくとも1種のガムの濃度が、0.05〜30%w/vである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水性農薬中の少なくとも1種のガムの濃度が、0.0375〜0.15%w/vである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 噴霧液滴が、蒸発に耐性を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ガム濃縮物が、アラビトール、エリトリトール、グリセロール、イソマルト、ラクチトール、マンニトール、ソルビトール、キシリトールおよびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の糖アルコールをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水性濃縮物中の少なくとも1種の糖アルコールの濃度が、0.6〜50%w/vである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 噴霧液滴が、蒸発に耐性を有する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のガムが、キサンタンガム、コンニャクおよびアカシアガムを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のガムが、キサンタンガム、コンニャクおよびアカシアガムを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のガムが、キサンタンガム、カルボキシメチルセルロースおよびアカシアガムを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のガムが、キサンタンガム、カルボキシメチルセルロースおよびアカシアガムを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 標的植物上の生存する昆虫またはクモ形類害虫の数を、少なくとも50%減少させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水性農薬の単一点粘度が、剪断力が印加されない場合に1×10-3〜1500×10-3Pa・s(1〜1500センチポアズ)であり、
水性農薬の単一点粘度が、100単位の剪断力が印加された場合に1.0×10-3Pa・s(1.0センチポアズ)未満であり、
剪断力が印加された後の組成物の液滴サイズが、少なくとも100μmである、請求項1に記載の水性農薬。 - 標的植物上の昆虫またはクモ形類害虫の数を減少させる方法であって、
請求項1に記載の噴霧液滴を103.42〜1206.58kPa(15〜175ポンド毎平方インチ)の圧力で噴霧ノズルを通して標的植物に施用するステップを含み、
施用された噴霧液滴が、少なくとも直径100μmの複数の実質的に球状の農薬接着剤領域を画定し、
標的植物領域内に存在する少なくとも1つの標的害虫が、少なくとも1つの農薬接着剤領域に遭遇し、恒久的に不動化される、方法。 - 昆虫またはクモ形類害虫の体長が、1〜5mmである、請求項14に記載の方法。
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US5089266A (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1992-02-18 | Merlin Lee | Non-toxic insecticide composition and method for killing specific insects |
JP2003104820A (ja) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-09 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 有害生物防除剤 |
JP2013517314A (ja) * | 2010-01-22 | 2013-05-16 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | ゲルのスポット状施用を含む節足動物の防除方法 |
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JPS58109402A (ja) * | 1981-12-24 | 1983-06-29 | Showa Denko Kk | 微小害虫の防除法 |
US5089266A (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1992-02-18 | Merlin Lee | Non-toxic insecticide composition and method for killing specific insects |
JP2003104820A (ja) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-09 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 有害生物防除剤 |
JP2013517314A (ja) * | 2010-01-22 | 2013-05-16 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | ゲルのスポット状施用を含む節足動物の防除方法 |
WO2017049141A1 (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-23 | Attune Agriculture, Llc | Improved adjuvants for agricultural chemicals |
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