JP2021527130A - 組織傷害および集中治療後症候群の処置および予防のためのハロゲン化合物の使用 - Google Patents
組織傷害および集中治療後症候群の処置および予防のためのハロゲン化合物の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年6月8日に出願された米国仮出願第62/682,574号;2018年9月13日に出願された米国仮出願第62/730,927号;および2018年9月13日に出願された米国仮出願第62/730,945号(これらはすべて、その全体が参照により組み込まれる)に基づく優先権を主張する。
本開示は、還元型のハロゲン化合物、例えばハロゲン化物を含むような、ハロゲン化合物を含む組成物、ならびに傷害または感染症後の組織損傷を処置または予防するために、および集中治療後症候群(PICS)および関連障害を処置または予防するためにハロゲン化合物、例えばヨウ化物を使用する方法に関する。
傷害、病気および疾患およびさらには医療処置でさえ、初期侵襲、すなわち一次傷害後数時間または数週間にわたって発生し得る望ましくない二次傷害または副作用をもたらし得る。二次傷害および副作用は、一次傷害、例えば出血、浮腫、虚血、再灌流、炎症および免疫反応などの間にまたはその後に発生する様々な生物学的プロセスにより引き起こされ得る。二次傷害および副作用は、限定されないが、脳および神経系、骨格筋組織ならびに心筋組織を含む被験体の異なる領域または位置で発生し得る。二次傷害および副作用は、一次侵襲と同じまたは異なる被験体の領域または位置で発生し得る。例えば、四肢への一次傷害は、心臓における二次筋肉組織損傷をもたらし得る。
本開示は、一次傷害または疾患から生じ、少なくとも部分的には前記一次傷害または疾患から遠隔の部位に位置する二次傷害、例えばPICSまたは筋肉組織(例えば、骨格筋組織)損傷の処置または予防において有用な組成物および方法を提供する。
本発明は、とりわけ、異なる一次傷害、疾患、障害または医療処置から生じる被験体への二次傷害または損傷を処置し、それを阻害し、その重症度を軽減し、またはそれを予防するためのハロゲン化合物、例えばI−の使用に関する方法および組成物を含む。
特に本明細書で定義がない限り、本出願で使用される科学用語および技術用語は、当業者により一般に理解される意味を有するものとする。一般に、本明細書に記載される化学、分子生物学、細胞および癌生物学、免疫学、微生物学、薬理学ならびにタンパク質および核酸化学に関連して使用される命名法およびそれらの技術は、当技術分野で一般に使用される周知のものである。
本発明のある実施形態は、周期表の第17族に含まれる任意の元素を含むハロゲンに関する。ハロゲン含有化合物は、「ハロゲン化合物」とも称される。いくつかの実施形態において、ハロゲン化合物は、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素、アスタチンまたはウヌンセプチウムを含む任意の化合物をいう。特定の実施形態において、ハロゲン含有化合物は、ハロゲン化物、すなわち−1酸化状態のハロゲンの塩である。特定の実施形態において、本発明は、還元型のハロゲン化合物、例えばヨウ化物に関する。ある実施形態において、例えば、ハロゲン化水素、金属ハロゲン化物、ハロゲン間化合物、有機ハロゲン化合物およびポリハロゲン化合物を含む他の形態のハロゲン化合物が、本発明にしたがって使用され得る。
本発明はまた、ハロゲン化合物(例えば、ヨウ化物または臭化物)を含む組成物を含む。特定の実施形態において、組成物は、ハロゲン化合物と、1つまたは1つより多くの薬学的に受容可能なキャリア、希釈剤または賦形剤、例えば緩衝液とを含む薬学的組成物である。特定の実施形態において、組成物は、1つまたは1つより多くのさらなる活性剤をさらに含む。ある実施形態において、本発明の組成物は、ハロゲン化合物、必要に応じてハロゲン化物、例えばヨウ化物、例えばNaIを含む薬学的組成物である。ある実施形態において、組成物は、還元型のハロゲン化合物、すなわち−1価状態のハロゲンを含む。特定の実施形態において、還元型のハロゲンは、還元型のヨウ素、例えばヨウ化物である。特定の実施形態において、還元型のヨウ素を含有する化合物は、NaI、KI、HI、CaIまたはAgIである。
本発明は、とりわけ、異なる一次傷害、疾患、障害または医療処置から生じる被験体への二次傷害または損傷を処置し、それを阻害し、その重症度を軽減し、またはそれを予防するためのハロゲン化合物、例えばI−の使用に関する方法および組成物を含む。特定の実施形態において、二次傷害または損傷は、少なくとも、一次傷害、疾患、障害または医療処置の位置から遠位または遠隔の解剖学的位置、例えば異なる器官または組織で発生する。ある傷害または疾患の場合では、二次傷害または損傷は、被験体内のある解剖学的位置(これは、ある実施形態において、特定の組織または器官に限定され得る)内で発生し得る。特定の実施形態において、二次傷害または損傷は、一次傷害、疾患、障害または医療処置の発生後の時点で発生する。ある実施形態において、期間は、一次傷害、疾患、障害または医療処置が発生した後、二次傷害または損傷が発生する前に経過する。例えば、期間は、約1時間、約4時間、約8時間、約12時間、約1日、約2日、約4日、約1週間、約2週間、約3週間または約1ヶ月間であり得る。ある実施形態において、二次傷害または組織損傷は、一次傷害または疾患により開始または増加または悪化した全身性炎症反応から生じる。
いくつかの実施形態において、本開示は、一次傷害または疾患から生じる遠隔および/または局所組織傷害または損傷の処置、その重症度の軽減またはその予防を必要とする被験体における一次傷害または疾患から生じる遠隔および/または局所組織傷害または損傷を処置し、その重症度を軽減し、またはそれを予防するための方法であって、前記被験体に、ハロゲン化合物と、薬学的に受容可能なキャリア、希釈剤または賦形剤とを含む薬学的組成物を提供する工程を含む方法を提供する。ある実施形態において、一次傷害または疾患は、被験体の1つまたは1つより多くの領域に局在し、局所損傷は、必要に応じて、一次傷害または疾患と同じ被験体の領域の1つまたは1つより多くで発生し得、遠隔組織損傷は、一次傷害または疾患とは異なる被験体の1つまたは1つより多くの領域で発生する。特定の実施形態において、一次傷害または疾患は、被験体のある組織および/または器官で発生し、遠隔または二次傷害、例えば組織損傷は、被験体の1つまたは1つより多くの異なる組織および/または器官で発生する。特定の実施形態において、傷害二次組織は、筋肉組織、例えば骨格筋組織、心筋組織または平滑筋組織である。ある実施形態において、傷害二次組織は、被験体の1つまたは1つより多くの四肢(例えば、腕または脚)、隔膜または胴内の骨格組織である。ある実施形態において、傷害二次組織は、被験体の心臓組織である。ある実施形態において、一次傷害または疾患から生じる二次組織損傷は、隔膜または肋間筋で発生する。特定の実施形態において、ハロゲン化合物は、ヨウ化物、例えばNaIである。
集中治療後症候群(PICS)は、退院後に、重病および集中治療を生き延びた患者で残る健康問題の集合を表す。PICSの徴候としては、認知、精神的健康および身体機能の新たなまたは悪化する機能障害が挙げられる。PICSの患者は、徴候の1つ、組み合わせまたは3つすべてを示し得る。
ある実施形態において、ハロゲン化合物(例えば、ヨウ化物、例えばNaI)は、薬学的に受容可能なキャリア、希釈剤または賦形剤を含む液体薬学的組成物で被験体に提供される。いくつかの実施形態において、組成物中のハロゲン化合物の少なくとも90%は、室温で保管したときに、少なくとも1時間、少なくとも1週間、少なくとも1ヶ月間または少なくとも6ヶ月間にわたって還元型で存在する。特定の実施形態において、ハロゲン化合物を含む組成物は、還元剤、等張化剤、安定剤、界面活性剤、凍結保護剤、ポリオール、抗酸化剤または保存剤の1つまたは1つより多くを含む。
ヨウ化物は、後肢虚血性再灌流傷害後の損傷から骨格筋を保護する
麻酔した成体雄C57BL/6マウスを後肢虚血性再灌流傷害(2時間の両肢止血帯(虚血)、続いて止血帯除去後に3時間の再灌流)に供した。外因性ヨウ化物が、虚血性再灌流傷害により引き起こされる心臓および肺組織への損傷を軽減することができるかを決定するために、後肢の再灌流の5分前に、様々な用量のヨウ化物(0mg/kg、1mg/kg、10mg/kgまたは20mg/kg)を動物に後眼窩(r.o.)により静脈内(i.v.)投与した。
ヨウ化ナトリウムは、全身性炎症の処置において有効である
全身性炎症を軽減し、死亡率を改善するために静脈内(i.v.)または経口(p.o.)送達したヨウ化ナトリウム(NaI)の有効性を実証するために、研究を実施した。
両側性後肢虚血モデルを使用して、全身性炎症を誘発した。雄C57Bl/6マウス(7〜10週齢)を2時間の両側後肢虚血に供し、続いて3時間の再灌流に供した。McGivney痔核結紮器を使用してラテックスOリングを大転子に適用することにより、虚血を誘発した。3時間の再灌流後に、クレアチンキナーゼ(CK)または他の臓器傷害マーカー:血中尿素窒素(BUN)、アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ(ALT)およびアスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ(AST)のレベルについて、血漿を分析した。
生存を評価するために使用したモデルは、研究Aについて以前に記載したものと同様のものであった;しかしながら、虚血の時間を2.5時間に増加させた。再灌流から死亡までの時間を次の24時間モニタリングした。
生存を評価するために使用したモデルは、研究Aについて以前に記載したものと同様のものであった;しかしながら、虚血の時間を3時間に増加させた。再灌流から死亡までの時間を次の2ヶ月間モニタリングした。
ヨウ化ナトリウムは、筋肉内および全身性炎症の処置において有効である
筋肉および血漿中のサイトカインレベルの定量分析により、傷害後の筋肉内および全身性炎症を軽減するために静脈内(i.v.)または経口(p.o.)送達したヨウ化ナトリウム(NaI)の有効性を実証するために、研究を実施した。
Claims (34)
- 一次傷害または一次疾患から生じる二次傷害または二次組織損傷の処置、その重症度の軽減またはその予防を必要とする被験体における一次傷害または一次疾患から生じる二次傷害または二次組織損傷を処置し、その重症度を軽減し、またはそれを予防するための方法であって、前記被験体に有効量のヨウ化物を投与する工程を含む、方法。
- 前記二次傷害または組織損傷が集中治療後症候群(PICS)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記二次傷害または組織損傷が組織損傷である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ヨウ化物が、ヨウ化ナトリウム、ヨウ化カリウム、ヨウ化水素、ヨウ化カルシウム、ヨウ化銀、ヨウ化マグネシウム、ヨウ化亜鉛またはヨウ化リチウムである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記ヨウ化物がヨウ化ナトリウムである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 少なくともしばらくの間にわたって前記ハロゲン化合物の血中濃度を少なくとも5倍、少なくとも10倍、少なくとも50倍、少なくとも100倍、少なくとも500倍、少なくとも1000倍、少なくとも10,000倍または少なくとも100,000倍増加させるために十分な量で、前記ヨウ化物を前記被験体に提供する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ヨウ化物が、前記ハロゲン化合物と薬学的に受容可能なキャリア、希釈剤または賦形剤とを含む安定な液体薬学的組成物中に存在する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物中の前記ヨウ化物の少なくとも90%が、室温で保管したときに、少なくとも1時間、少なくとも1週間、少なくとも1ヶ月間または少なくとも6ヶ月間にわたって還元型で存在する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ヨウ化物を含む前記組成物が、還元剤、等張化剤、安定剤、界面活性剤、凍結保護剤、ポリオール、抗酸化剤または保存剤の1つまたは1つより多くを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記一次傷害または疾患の前に、その間にまたはその後に前記ヨウ化物を前記被験体に提供する、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記一次傷害または疾患から生じる遠隔組織損傷を処置し、その重症度を軽減し、またはそれを予防するための請求項10に記載の方法であって、前記組織が、筋肉組織、必要に応じて心筋組織、骨格筋組織または平滑筋組織である、方法。
- 前記一次傷害または疾患が局所外傷である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記局所外傷が、鈍器外傷、手術、熱傷、虚血性傷害、虚血性再灌流傷害、外傷性脳傷害、脳卒中または放射線傷害である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記一次傷害または疾患が、感染症、必要に応じてウイルス感染症、真菌感染症または細菌感染症である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記一次傷害または疾患が、局所炎症状態、必要に応じて胃炎、膵炎、壊死性腸炎または大腸炎である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記一次傷害または疾患が、前記被験体において全身性炎症反応症候群(SIRS)または敗血症をもたらしている、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記一次傷害または疾患が、慢性疾患の急性エピソード、必要に応じて慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、心不全(必要に応じて左心不全、右心不全、収縮期心不全、拡張期心不全または鬱血性心不全)、尿毒症、腎疾患、肝疾患、膵炎、胃炎または細菌感染症、ウイルス感染症もしくは真菌感染症である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記一次傷害または疾患が、前記二次傷害または遠隔組織損傷とは異なる前記被験体の領域内に、必要に応じて異なる器官、組織または四肢内に存在する、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体におけるPICSを処置し、その重症度を軽減し、またはそれを予防するための請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、医療措置または救命救急の前に、その間にまたはその後に前記ヨウ化物を前記被験体に提供する、方法。
- 前記処置が、前記被験体における1つまたは1つより多くの認知機能障害の発症を阻害し、その重症度を軽減し、またはそれを改善し、前記1つまたは1つより多くの認知機能障害が、実行機能、記憶、注意、精神的処理速度および問題解決の欠陥から必要に応じて選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記処置が、前記被験体における1つまたは1つより多くの精神機能障害の発症を阻害し、その重症度を軽減し、またはそれを改善し、前記1つまたは1つより多くの精神機能障害が、鬱病、不安神経症および心的外傷後ストレス障害の形態の精神病から必要に応じて選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記処置が、前記被験体における1つまたは1つより多くの身体機能障害の発症を阻害し、その重症度を軽減し、またはそれを改善し、前記1つまたは1つより多くの身体機能障害が、必要に応じて重症疾患多発ニューロパチー(CIP)、重症疾患ミオパチー(CIM)、長期神経筋遮断、長期人工呼吸、廃用性萎縮、長期臥床、運動性低下、再発性転倒、四肢不全麻痺および四肢性不全麻痺の形態の集中治療室(ICU)獲得性神経筋脱力から必要に応じて選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記処置が、代謝性アシドーシス、糖尿病性アシドーシス、高塩素性アシドーシス、乳酸アシドーシスまたは尿細管性アシドーシスを処置または予防する、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記ヨウ化物を前記被験体に経口的または非経口的に提供する、請求項1〜23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 必要に応じて医療措置または救命救急の前にボーラス投与として前記ヨウ化物を前記被験体に提供する、請求項1〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 複数の用量の前記ヨウ化物を前記被験体に提供する、請求項1〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 用量が、約10mg/kg未満またはそれに等しい前記ヨウ化物、必要に応じて約1.0mg/kgまたは約2.0mg/kgの前記ヨウ化物を含む、請求項25または請求項26に記載の方法。
- 必要に応じて前記一次傷害または疾患の前におよび/またはその間におよび/またはその後に持続注入として前記ヨウ化物を前記被験体に提供する、請求項1〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 約100mg/kg未満のヨウ化物を前記被験体に提供する、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、前記一次傷害または疾患後の前記被験体の生存性を増強する、請求項1〜29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、前記被験体の筋肉組織または血漿における1つまたは1つより多くのサイトカインのレベルの減少をもたらす、請求項1〜30のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは1つより多くのサイトカインが、IL−6、IL−10、KCまたはMIP−2を含む、請求項31に記載の方法。
- IL−6、IL−10、KCまたはMIP−2の1つまたは1つより多くが、前記被験体の筋肉組織で有意に減少する、請求項32に記載の方法。
- IL−6が、前記被験体の血漿で有意に減少する、請求項32に記載の方法。
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