JP2021514914A - Lift equipment, guide rails for the lift, kits for monitoring the equipment, and methods for monitoring and use thereof. - Google Patents

Abstract

The lift equipment (2) includes at least one car chamber (13) or platform capable of sliding within the shaft (4) along the respective guide rails (12) and at least one for monitoring the shaft (4). With one sensor (21a), said at least one sensor (21a) is associated with at least one of the guide rails (12) at least one inclinometer (I1) and / or at least one accelerometer (A1). ) Is included. [Selection diagram] FIG. 12

Description

The present invention provides a lift facility that terminally includes both a lift for carrying objects and people and an elevator designed to carry only objects, a guide rail for constructing a route for the facility, and monitoring thereof. And how to use it.

Lift equipment (hereinafter also abbreviated as "elevator" or "lift") includes, for example, at least one cab chamber towed or suspended by an operating system that is electric or electrohydraulic. Is known to be configured to be able to slide in the shaft along each guide rail composed of a metal profile provided in the shaft, usually in a state of being parallel to each other and precisely aligned. ..

Such guide rails are an important element of the lift and at the same time cause potential problems.

First, there is a problem in mounting the guide rails to the shaft in a precisely aligned and parallel state. Prior art in the field of installing lifts has proposed to check the alignment of guide rails by mounting a mechanical monitoring system in the cab or platform position that detects misalignment up and down along the shaft. (US Pat. No. 4,535,541). In this system, measurements cannot be performed during normal operation of the equipment, which requires a temporary outage of service.

More generally, the lift guide rails are aligned using a vertical reference provided by a lead wire or laser beam. However, this criterion is inevitably inaccurate, especially if the free portion is very long, as many factors can affect the actual configuration of the line, especially as the height of the shaft increases. It is clear that. Moreover, this installation method is relatively slow and prone to human error that cannot be detected and corrected immediately.

Second, there is a problem in ensuring proper preventive maintenance after the guide rails are installed. For example, considering that the play between the guide rail and the corresponding runner mounted in the cab tends to increase as mutual wear increases, based on this, the safety of the equipment should not be compromised. It is important to determine when maintenance, repairs or adjustments are needed.

Third, damage to the guide rails, partial, as a result of certain events such as earthquakes, fires, heat exposure, subsidence of structures in buildings where lifts are installed, subsidence of foundations, or simple deformations. It is necessary to confirm that there is no separation or deformation. Especially due to such damage, regulations have been imposed that elevators should not be used to evacuate people, for example in the event of a fire or earthquake, which is often the case from affected buildings. It is essentially contrary to the need to evacuate people quickly. In some countries (eg, US and Europe-cfr. EN8177 and EN8172), lifts designed specifically for firefighters have limited use, but firefighters do not rescue people, but fire. You must have the key to be able to operate the equipment for the purpose of erasing the center of the fire.

Finally, there is the fact that the shaft of a lift is usually a very rigid component that is closely interconnected with the bearing structure of the building in which it works. Therefore, if the shaft can be properly monitored, the entire bearing structure of the building can be monitored with sufficient reliability accordingly.

Not all of these requirements are tolerably adhered to in the lift equipment currently in use and in the shafts on which they operate.

Therefore, the technical challenges on which the present invention is based are the lift and monitoring and use with corresponding guide rails that allow it to overcome at least one of the shortcomings described with reference to the cited prior art. Is to provide a way for. This issue is solved by the lifts, guide rails, and methods for monitoring and use according to the accompanying claims.

The features and advantages of the present invention will be further demonstrated by the following detailed description of the lift equipment manufactured in accordance with the present invention, provided as a non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It is a schematic sectional view of the lift equipment of a building. It is a perspective view which shows the state which the box of the sensor for equipment in the above-mentioned figure is closed. It is a perspective view which shows the state which the box of the sensor of FIG. 2a is open. It is a partial wiring diagram of the equipment in the above-mentioned figure. It is a partial wiring diagram of the equipment in the above-mentioned figure. It is a table related to the sensors used in the equipment and the data generated in the above figure. It is a figure which shows the operation of the equipment kit. It is a figure which shows the installation process. It is a figure which shows the example of the interface for a user. It is a figure which shows the representative example of the main component of the software used according to this invention. It is a perspective view of the assembled control unit. It is a perspective plan view seen from the top of the control unit of FIG. It is a figure which shows the detail of the equipment in the above-mentioned figure. It is a figure which shows the detail of the equipment in the above-mentioned figure. It is a figure which shows the detail of the equipment in the above-mentioned figure.

In the figure, 1 indicates the entire building in which the lift equipment is installed, and the entire lift equipment is indicated as 2. Building 1 has a plurality of floors P, and the floor slab of each floor is indicated by the letter P with a progressive number of each floor counting from the basement P0. The equipment of FIG. 1 includes a shaft 4 having a pit 10 at its base, the bottom wall of which is shown as 11.

On each floor P, an opening with a manually or automatically controlled door is provided in a manner known per se. Inside the shaft 4, two (or more) guide rails 12 are mounted, which are vertical and parallel and face the opposing walls of the shaft 4. These guide rails 12 are used to control the ascending and descending paths of the cab 13 by actuation using cables 14 or hydraulic cylinders, which are themselves known in the art. A technical shaft 15 is also provided inside or outside the shaft 4.

Referring to FIGS. 12-14, the guide 12 generally has a "T" shaped cross section having a wing portion 16 and a core portion 17 and is spaced from each other by a bracket or clamp device 18 onto the wall of the shaft 4. It is attached. The bracket 18 is then fixed by applying it directly to these walls or elsewhere, for example by a counter bracket (not shown). In the non-limiting example shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the bracket 18 has, for example, an omega-shaped cross section and is made of a plastic material such as polycarbonate filled with glass fiber, for example, ultrasound or other suitable. The box 20 welded around it by any means is designed to be housed in a central recess 19.

As shown in FIG. 2b, each box 20 preferably includes a PCB 21 to which a plurality of sensors 21a, preferably selected from a triaxial MEMS accelerometer and a triaxial MEMS inclinometer, are mounted, the board 21. All are connected to a single CAN type data bus 23 carrying a DC power source (12V) obtained from the control unit 22.

Advantageously, the microcontroller is mounted on the PCB 21, and the firmware of the microcontroller can be updated by the control unit 22 via, for example, the CAN bus 23. The acceleration and gradient of the sensor are adjusted according to the application of the sensor.

The box 20 with the corresponding sensor 21a is connected in the form of a chain that is supplied pre-wired to terminate in a cable for connecting to the control unit 22. The control unit can be located within the lift shaft or technical shaft 15 or elsewhere.

The sampling frequency of the accelerometer is set, for example, between 1 Hz and 150 Hz, preferably 100 Hz in the case of structural monitoring (low frequency accelerometer), and in the case of monitoring the vibration transmitted to the guide rail 12 (high frequency accelerometer). Is set, for example, between 1 Hz and 1 kHz, preferably 200 Hz.

Preferably, the accelerometer for structural monitoring (low frequency) is always active, i.e. continuously transmitting data to the control unit 22 when powered. On the other hand, the high frequency accelerometer is active only when the car chamber is moving.

In a preferred embodiment of the equipment, the raw data generated by the sensors is stored, for example, in the local memory of the control unit 22 on the SDS board or equivalent system. If a preset threshold is exceeded, the data will be sent to the cloud by the control system as long as the energy content of the signal is still important. The data that reaches the cloud is stored for further processing. The safety status of the building can be obtained by the mode identification method.

The standard deviation of the sensor is also transmitted to the cloud at predetermined intervals, for example every 5 seconds or 10 seconds (heartbeat).

FIG. 3 shows an example of a basic wiring diagram of the lift equipment according to the present invention. The control unit 22 is inserted into the electrical panel and mounted in the technical area of the lift, and the CAN bus 23 extends from the control unit 22 to the shaft 4 of the lift. Accelerometers are shown as A1 to An and inclinometers are shown as I1 to In.

According to one embodiment, the accelerometer is located on at least one deck of a floor (eg, first floor, second floor, etc.).

According to one embodiment, the inclinometer is located at a predetermined reference point, preferably an intermediate floor (eg, basement, third floor, sixth floor, ninth floor, etc.).

Preferably, additional sensors are provided mounted in the lift cab 13, which are, for example, a broadband power line modem Pm having a gateway G that translates a signal from the CAN bus 23 at the Ethernet input of the power line modem Pm. Communicates with the control system 22. The control unit also uses an ammeter clamp or equivalent system to measure the three-phase power consumed by the lift.

Sensors mounted in the car chamber 13 include a first additional accelerometer AC1 and a second additional accelerometer mounted in positions such as to detect vibration phenomena associated with the car chamber 13 and / or the cable 14. Includes AC2, as well as an accelerometer for confirmation on the floor. If mobile phone network reception within the technical shaft is inadequate, an external antenna will be provided to attach to the lift shaft. The table of FIG. 5 shows the types of sensors and their positions.

The levelness of the car chamber 13 on the floor is measured by a magnetometer existing in the sensor 21a and a fixed magnet Ma arranged on each floor. The distance between the fixed magnet Ma and the sensor 21a is about 10 cm. If the car room is perfectly aligned on the floor, the sensor 21a measures the maximum magnetic field. Otherwise, misalignment is recorded and its degree is proportional to the difference from the ideal value (Fig. 5).

Referring to the example of FIG. 1, the sensor equipment kit for manufacturing lift equipment for buildings on up to 3 floors preferably comprises a MEMS accelerometer A1 that is exemplified and mounted in a pit at 100 Hz. Includes sensor 21a.

Similar sensors A2 and AC1 are provided, for example, on the floor slab of the first floor P1 and on the roof of the cab 13.

An exemplary sensor with MEMS accelerometers A3 and A4 sampling at 200 Hz is mounted on the basement deck and shaft roof, and a similar sensor AC2 is mounted in the cab. These sensors are used for runner or wheel wear, suspension cable wear and motors and their connections for the cab itself to run on the guide rails, compared to vibrations detected by the guide rails by appropriate algorithms. It is used to detect vibrations in the cab, where abnormal operation of the mechanical unit is likely to appear.

In addition, two inclinometer type sensors I1 and I2 are provided and mounted in the middle of the basement and the third floor. All of the aforementioned sensors, except those mounted in the car compartment and pit, are mounted on the guide rail 12 in the recess 19 of the bracket 18.

Permanent magnets Ma are provided on each floor, and the magnets detect the horizontal position of the car chamber 13 with respect to the unloading threshold by magnetometers provided on one or more of the sensors AC1 and AC2.

According to one embodiment, in a sensor equipment kit for manufacturing lift equipment for buildings on up to 6 floors, an accelerometer A5, which typically samples at 100 Hz, is a roof slab of the shaft on the third floor. Two intermediate inclinometers I3 and I4 are provided on the third and sixth floors, respectively, and an accelerometer A6 for sampling at 200 Hz is provided on the floor slab on the third floor. Be done.

Kits for buildings with different heights and floors than those illustrated in FIG. 1 have similar configurations.

According to one embodiment, the sensor 21a comprises at least one temperature sensor associated with the shaft 4 at each floor opening. Advantageously, this additional sensor is the equipment used by firefighters to monitor the level of danger on a particular floor and the deformation of the guiderail detected by all other sensors attached to the guiderail. In connection with the data on, it is available both with the equipment used for monitoring functions to assist the evacuation of people from the building, for example in the event of a fire.

According to one embodiment, methods for emergency control of lift equipment relate to lift equipment that can be safely used to evacuate personnel from the building during or after a fire or earthquake. For example, the moment the fire alarm sensor installed near the door on the floor is activated, or after the fire alarm of the building, or the moment the sensor 11 detects the impact of an earthquake exceeding a predetermined threshold, the lift equipment controls itself. The panel allows you to switch to emergency operation, which allows the guiderail, the roof of the cab, and the properly installed sensor system on each floor to interact with the control panel, allowing the lift to move freely within the guiderail. It is possible to approve the use of lift equipment only if it can slide and not to use it if it does not meet safe conditions of use. The sensor equipment on the roof of the car room and on each floor may be completed by installing smoke sensors to avoid the risk of choking people in the car room if the use of lift equipment is approved.

The equipment also preferably has safer access to the lift or platform or car room in emergencies (escapes) such as fires, earthquakes and the like. For this purpose, the sensors described so far may be integrated with any temperature sensor and smoke detector located on each floor.

According to one embodiment, these temperature sensors and smoke detectors are preferably installed above the access door where smoke and high temperatures are most concentrated in the event of a fire. The combined detection of guide rail straightness and function and the environmental and safety conditions on the lift shaft allows the lift or platform or cab to be used for emergency operation, even in very dangerous situations. .. Change the speed of movement of the cab or exclude one or more floors where safety conditions are not met, as deemed necessary and / or appropriate, depending on the condition of the detected guide rails and environmental conditions. It is possible to climb and descend at different speeds.

The proposed configurations are preferred, but they are merely examples, and in practice it is conceivable to manufacture kits and equipment with different sensor configurations and arrangements.

A radon sensor may be additionally provided in the pit 10, which can measure the presence and concentration of gas that accumulates at the bottom of the equipment and normally tends to concentrate in the pit.

Claims (25)

With at least one car chamber (13) or platform that can slide within the shaft (4) along each guide rail (12).
It comprises at least one sensor (21a) for monitoring the shaft (4).
The at least one sensor (21a) comprises at least one inclinometer (I1) and / or at least one accelerometer (A1) associated with at least one of the guide rails (12).
Lift equipment (2). The at least one sensor (21a) is mounted so as to transmit vibrations from the guide rail (12).
The equipment according to claim 1. The at least one sensor (21a) is attached to the guide rail (12) so as to make contact (directly or non-directly).
The equipment according to claim 1 or 2. The sensor (21a) is attached to a clamp device (18) to which the guide rail (12) is fixed on the shaft (4).
The equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Further equipped with at least one inclinometer mounted on the basement, the third floor, the sixth floor or the middle floor of the ninth floor.
The equipment according to one or more of claims 1 to 4. At least one additional accelerometer (AC1) attached to the car chamber (13) in addition to the inclinometer (I1) to move the car chamber (13) and / or the car chamber. Further equipped with an accelerometer (AC1) provided at a position capable of detecting vibrations associated with the cable (14) used.
The equipment according to one or more of claims 1 to 5. The additional accelerometer (AC1) is characterized by being an accelerometer having a high sampling frequency between 1 Hz and 1 kHz, preferably 200 Hz.
The equipment according to claim 6. The additional accelerometer is characterized by having a low sampling frequency between 1 Hz and 150 Hz, preferably 100 Hz.
The equipment according to claim 6 or 7. Both the additional low frequency accelerometer and the high frequency accelerometer are provided.
The equipment according to one or more of claims 7-8. The accelerometer is provided in the pit (11) of the shaft (4).
The equipment according to one or more of claims 1 to 9. The accelerometer in the pit (11) is a low frequency accelerometer.
The equipment according to claim 10. The at least one sensor (21a) comprises both the inclinometer (I1) and at least the high frequency accelerometer (A1).
The equipment according to claim 10 or 11. The inclinometer (I1) comprises a low frequency accelerometer (A1).
The equipment according to one or more of claims 1-12. The sensor (21a) comprises at least one temperature sensor associated with the shaft (4) in each floor opening.
The equipment according to one or more of claims 1 to 13. A plurality of the sensors configured as follows, that is,
A plurality of high-frequency accelerometers located on the guide rail (12) on the first plurality of decks,
A plurality of low frequency accelerometers located on the guide rail (12) on the second plurality of decks, and a plurality of low frequency accelerometers.
A plurality of inclinometers located on the guide rail (12) on the middle floor,
With the additional high frequency accelerometer (AC1) in the car chamber (13),
It comprises an additional low frequency accelerometer (AC2) in the car chamber (13).
The equipment according to one or more of claims 1-14. The sensors are interconnected in parallel and are controlled by a control unit (22).
The equipment according to one or more of claims 1 to 15. The inclinometer and / or accelerometer is mounted on a single PCB (21), the circuit of which works with a temperature sensor or smoke detector or a fixed magnet (Ma) located in place on the shaft (4). It further comprises a magnetometer configured to work and operate.
The equipment according to one or more of claims 1 to 16. The PCB (21) is housed in a box (20) made of a plastic material so as to face the wall portion of the box.
The equipment according to claim 17. A guide rail for a lift, comprising at least one seat for accommodating at least one sensor of the type with at least one inclinometer (I1) and / or at least one accelerometer (A1). The sensor (21a) is housed in a mounting bracket (18) of the guide rail (12) in the shaft (4) of the lift equipment.
The guide rail for the lift according to claim 19. The at least one sensor is the type of sensor according to one or more of claims 1-20.
The guide rail according to claim 20. Between a plurality of sensors including an accelerometer, an inclinometer, a high frequency accelerometer, a low frequency accelerometer, and a magnetometer, a control unit (22), and the control unit and the plurality of sensors (21a). A kit including a CAN bus connection (23). A method for monitoring lift equipment manufactured as described in one or more of claims 1-22.
One or more of the following parameters are monitored by the at least one sensor (21a).
The parameters are
Triaxial movement and / or tilt at the point of the guide rail (12),
A method comprising, with, the levelness of the car chamber (13). A method for monitoring lift equipment according to one or more of claims 1-22.
A method, wherein the guide rail (12) in the shaft (4) is mounted such that its alignment is confirmed by the at least one inclinometer (I). A method for emergency management of lift equipment according to one or more of claims 23 to 24.
To monitor the safety status of the building (1) by detecting the point of the lift guide rail (12) or the movement and / or tilt value of the car room or platform by the one or more sensors (21a). ,
If one of the values detected by at least one of the sensors (21a) does not meet the predetermined safety conditions, a warning message is sent and
A method comprising disabling the lift or car room or platform.

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