JP2021513502A - A method of manufacturing a composite pane with functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a composite pane having functional elements having electrically controllable optical characteristics, which are easy to handle and automate, and at the same time have high aging resistance. A method of manufacturing a composite pane (100) having a functional element (5) having electrically controllable optical properties of the present invention is at least a) a first barrier film (4a) and a first. The intermediate layer (3a) and / or the second barrier film (4b) and the second intermediate layer (3b) are temporarily or permanently fixedly bonded to each other, and b) the outer pane (1), The first intermediate layer (3a), the first barrier film (4a), a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties (5), the second barrier film (4b), the second. The stack sequences consisting of the intermediate layer (3b) and the inner pane (2) of the above are arranged above each other in this spatial order, and c) the stack sequences are joined by lamination. [Selection diagram] FIG. 1B

Description

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a composite pane having functional elements having electrically controllable optical properties, particularly a windshield having an electrically controllable sun visor.

In the vehicle and construction fields, composite panes with electrically controllable functional elements are often used as sunscreens or privacy screens. As described above, for example, a windshield in which a sun visor is integrated in the form of a functional element having electrically controllable optical characteristics is known. In particular, the transmittance or scattering behavior of electromagnetic radiation in the visible region is electrically controllable. The functional elements are usually in the form of a film and are laminated or glued to a composite pane. In the case of windshields, the driver can control the transmittance behavior of the pane itself with respect to sunlight. Therefore, the conventional mechanical sun visor can be omitted. As a result, the weight of the vehicle can be reduced and the space of the roof area can be secured. In addition, electrical control of the sun visor is more convenient than manually folding the mechanical sun visor. Windshields with such electrically controllable sun visors are known, for example, from DE102013300134A1, DE102005049081B3, DE10200507427A1 and DE10200727296A1.

Typical electrically controllable functional elements include electrochromic layered structures or single particle device (SPD) films. A further possible functional element for achieving an electrically controllable sunscreen is the so-called PDLC functional element (polymer-dispersed liquid crystal). The active layer comprises a liquid crystal embedded in a polymer matrix. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal is randomly oriented, so that the light that has passed through the active layer is strongly scattered. When a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals align in a common direction, increasing the transmittance of light passing through the active layer. The PDLC functional element acts to ensure protection from glare by increasing scattering instead of reducing total transmittance.

In the prior art, the laminated functional elements, especially the PDLC functional elements, often exhibit undesired aging phenomena such as brightening and changes in shading in the edge regions. This is improved by sealing the inlet end of the functional element with a barrier material, for example, as disclosed in WO2014 / 086555A1.

An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for producing composite panes that are easy to handle and automate, and at the same time have high aging resistance and functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties. It is to be.

An object of the present invention is achieved by a method for manufacturing a composite pane according to independent claim 1. A preferred embodiment becomes apparent from the dependent claims.

The present invention comprises a method of making a composite pane having functional elements having electrically controllable optical properties, at least a) -1st barrier film and 1st intermediate layer.
-Second barrier film and second intermediate layer,
Or-in both cases, they are fixedly joined to each other and
b) Create a stack array, here
-Outer pane (1),
-The first intermediate layer (3a),
-The first barrier film (4a),
-Functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties (5),
-The second barrier film,
-The second intermediate layer (3b) and-Inner pane (2)
Placed above each other,
And,
c) The stack sequences are bound by lamination.

The bond between the barrier film and the intermediate layer may be permanent or temporary, i.e., at least until the stack sequence is placed in step b). ..

This has the particularly advantageous advantage that slippage of the barrier film during storage, transportation and assembly and during lamination is avoided and the barrier film is fixedly and properly bonded to the functional element. As a result, among other things, air inclusions between the barrier film and the functional elements are avoided, and the optical quality of such composite panes is particularly high.

The list of elements in a stack array represents a spatial array in which the elements are located above each other. The element is designed to be substantially flat and consists of a thin layer or sheet with a large lateral spread. Of course, the large surfaces of each element are arranged parallel to each other.

Displaying an array does not limit the time sequence. That is, in creating the stack array, for example, it is possible to start from the inner pane or the outer pane. It is also possible to create subgroups prior to the overall assembly of the stack array.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the present invention, in step c), the intermediate layer having the embedded functional element is formed from the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer by lamination. The barrier film is dimensioned and placed to seal the side edges of the functional element.

Lamination is preferably carried out under the action of heat, vacuum, and / or pressure. For lamination, a method known per se, such as an autoclave method, a vacuum bag method, a vacuum ring method, a calendar method, a vacuum laminator, or a combination thereof, can be used.

Electrical contact of the surface electrodes of the functional element is preferably done prior to lamination of the composite pane. Existing prints, such as opaque masking prints or printed busbars for electrical contact of functional elements, are also applied, preferably by screen printing, preferably prior to lamination.

In another advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the first barrier film and the second barrier film are placed one above the other at about the same time.

In another advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the barrier film is arranged to have overhangs u on all sides beyond the functional element, the functional element being at least partially by the barrier film. , Preferably completely covered.

In another advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the barrier film is framed along the side edges of the functional element. Advantageously, they have bilateral overhangs on both sides of the lateral end of the functional element.

In another advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the first and / or second barrier film is coated by an adhesive bond, preferably by an acrylic adhesive, particularly preferably by an acrylate adhesive, especially by methyl methacrylate. Is bonded to each first or second intermediate layer with an adhesive containing more than 50%.

Alternatively or in combination, the barrier film is bonded to the intermediate layer by melt bonding, eg, by locally or locally heating to a temperature above the melting temperature of the barrier film and / or the intermediate layer. can do.

Alternatively or in combination, the barrier film can be bonded to the intermediate layer by press bonding, for example by pressing or by a method that combines friction and pressing, for example by ultrasonic bonding.

Adhesive bonds, melt bonds, and press bonds are usually permanent. Therefore, the prelaminate is permanently fixed, suitable for long-term storage and easily ready to prepare.

In another advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the barrier film and each intermediate layer are attached to each other by a solvent, preferably by an organic solvent, particularly preferably by acetone, alcohol, especially ethanol, isopropanol, or chloroform. The solvent is advantageously sprayed onto the barrier film and / or intermediate layer, or otherwise applied, for example by a brush or by an impregnating roller.

The solvent can be volatilized before and / or after the placement of the stack sequence in step b) and / or during step c). Such a solvent can locally dissolve either the surface of the barrier film and / or the surface of the intermediate layer and bind them together. Alternatively or in combination, the solvent can temporarily bind the stack arrangement and the surface of the intermediate layer to each other by cohesive forces.

The advantage of this method is that the solvent is no longer present in the subsequent product and / or does not adversely affect the optical properties, especially the transmittance.

The present invention further comprises a composite pane manufactured by a method according to the present invention, including at least:
A stack array consisting of an outer pane, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer, and an inner pane, wherein the intermediate layer is at least one thermoplastic polymer having at least one plasticizer in each case. With a stack array, including film,
Functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties are at least partially located between the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer.
Here, at least one barrier film is arranged between the first intermediate layer and the functional element, and between the functional element and the second intermediate layer, and the barrier film is at least. Partially, it has an overhanging portion u that exceeds the functional element.

Preferably, in each case, a barrier film is placed between the first intermediate layer and the functional element, and between the functional element and the second intermediate layer, where each barrier film is: At least in part, it has an overhang u that transcends functional elements, and the overhangs of the barrier film are arranged directly adjacent to each other and in contact with each other.

The composite pane can be, for example, the windshield or roof panel of a vehicle, or the glazing of another vehicle, such as a separate pane in a vehicle, preferably a rail vehicle or bus. Alternatively, the composite pane can be, for example, an architectural glazing on the exterior façade of the building, or a separate pane inside the building.

The terms "outer pane" and "inner pane" arbitrarily describe two different panes. In particular, the outer pane can be referred to as the "first pane" and the inner pane can be referred to as the "second pane".

When a composite pane is provided at a vehicle window opening or a building window opening to separate the interior from the external environment, the "inner pane" is, in the context of the present invention, the interior (inside the vehicle). Refers to the facing pane (second pane). The "outer pane" refers to a pane facing the external environment (first pane). However, the present invention is not limited to this.

Composite panes according to the present invention include functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties that are at least partially located between the first and second intermediate layers. The first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer usually have the same dimensions as the outer and inner panes. The functional element is preferably in the form of a film.

In an advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the present invention, at least one barrier film is arranged between the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer in each case, and this barrier film is a functional element. On one side end, on the two side ends of the functional element, on the three side ends of the functional element, or on all the side ends of the functional element (in other words, 4 of the functional element). (At one or more side ends), it has an overhang u that transcends functional elements. That is, one barrier film is placed below the functional element and the other barrier film is placed above the functional element. In the overhanging region, the overhanging region of one barrier film comes into direct contact with the overhanging region of the second barrier film. With respect to film-like functional elements, "lower" and "upper" mean two large surfaces arranged parallel to the outer and inner panes, in other words the outer and inner surfaces of the functional element. To do. Further, the term "side end" means a surface of a functional element that runs orthogonal to the functional element, and is very thin in a film-like functional element. The barrier film may cover only partially or completely above and / or below the functional element.

In an advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the present invention, the overhang u of the barrier film beyond the functional elements is at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, particularly preferably at least 5 mm, particularly at least 10 mm. Therefore, the overhang u is determined by its lateral dimension parallel to the two maximum dimensions of the functional element or composite pane.

In an advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the present invention, the overhanging portion u of the barrier film beyond the functional elements is less than 50 mm, preferably less than 30 mm, particularly preferably less than 20 mm.

In another advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the present invention, the barrier film or the various regions of the barrier film are joined together in the overhang area, preferably pressed together (eg, by lamination in the composite pane). Has been done. The result is a sufficient and reliable diffusion barrier for the plasticizer to escape from the intermediate layer, reducing or preventing fogging of the edge regions of the functional elements.

The present invention further comprises a composite pane manufactured by a method according to the present invention.
-Here, the intermediate layer contains at least one thermoplastic polymer film having at least one plasticizer.
-The barrier film is implemented so as to prevent the diffusion of the plasticizer through the barrier film.

According to the present invention, the diffusion of the plasticizer from the intermediate layer into the functional element during aging causes the composite pane to become brighter or the transmittance to change, resulting in impairing the transparency and aesthetics of the composite pane. It is based on what the inventor recognized. As a result of sealing the functional element with a barrier film that inhibits or prevents the diffusion of the plasticizer from the intermediate layer into the functional element, especially to the side edges of the functional element, such aging phenomena are significantly reduced. Or be completely prevented.

The seals in the area of the side edges of the functional elements are two barrier films that are placed directly adjacent to each other, in surface contact with each other and pressed against each other (eg, by lamination inside the composite pane) Is done by. As a result of embedding and lamination, the barrier films are fixedly bonded to each other in the region of the overhang u after the laminating process.

In an advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the present invention, the intermediate layer comprises a polymer, preferably a thermoplastic polymer. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention, the intermediate layer comprises at least 3 wt%, preferably at least 5 wt%, particularly preferably at least 20 wt%, more preferably at least 30 wt%, particularly at least 40 wt% plasticizer. .. Preferably, the plasticizer comprises or consists of triethylene glycol-bis- (2-ethylhexanoate).

Plasticizers are chemicals that make plastics softer, softer, smoother, and / or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of the plastic to a lower temperature so that the plastic has the desired more elastic properties within the operating temperature range. Other preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, especially low volatile carboxylic acid esters, fats and oils, oils, soft resins, camphor. Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol. Particularly preferably used as the plasticizer are 3G7, 3G8, or 4G7, where the first number indicates the number of ethylene glycol units and the last number indicates the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid portion of the compound. Therefore, 3G8 is triethylene glycol-bis- (2-ethylhexanoate), i.e., formula C ₄ H ₉ CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) CO (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) ₃ O ₂ CCH (CH ₂ CH _3). ) Represents a compound of _{C 4} H _9.

In another particularly advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the present invention, the intermediate layer comprises at least 60 wt%, preferably at least 70 wt%, particularly preferably at least 90 wt%, particularly at least 97 wt% polyvinyl butyral.

The thickness of each intermediate layer is preferably 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 1 mm, particularly 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, for example 0.38 mm.

In an advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the present invention, the barrier film is performed so as to prevent the diffusion of the plasticizer escaping from the intermediate layer through the barrier film.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the present invention, the barrier film is low in plasticizer, preferably with a plasticizer content of less than 3 wt%, particularly preferably less than 1 wt%, particularly less than 0.5 wt%. Most preferably, the barrier film is plasticizer-free, in other words, plasticizer-free. The barrier film contains or consists of a polymer, preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyethylene (PE). The barrier film can also contain polyvinyl butyral (PVB), which has a low plasticizer content of less than 3 wt% and is low in plasticizer.

The controllable functional element typically comprises an active layer between the two surface electrodes. The active layer has controllable optical properties that can be controlled via the voltage applied to the surface electrodes. The surface electrodes and active layer are typically arranged substantially parallel to the surfaces of the outer and inner panes. The surface electrodes are electrically connected to an external voltage source in a manner known per se. Electrical contact is achieved by a suitable connecting cable, eg, a so-called busbar, eg, a foil conductor optionally connected to a surface electrode via a strip of conductive material or conductive imprint.

The surface electrode is preferably designed as a transparent conductive layer. The surface electrode preferably comprises at least a metal, a metal alloy, or a transparent conductive oxide (TCO). Surface electrodes can include, for example, silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, indium tin oxide (ITO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, and / or fluorine-doped or antimony-doped tin oxide. The surface electrode preferably has a thickness of 10 nm to 2 μm, particularly preferably 20 nm to 1 μm, and most preferably 30 nm to 500 nm.

In addition to the active layer and surface electrodes, the functional element can have other layers known per se, such as a barrier layer, a blocking layer, an antireflection layer, a protective layer, and / or a smoothing layer.

The functional element preferably exists as a multilayer film having two outer carrier films. In such a multilayer film, the surface electrode and the active layer are arranged between the two carrier films. Here, the "outer carrier film" means that the carrier film forms two surfaces of the multilayer film. Therefore, the functional element can be advantageously provided as a processable laminated film. The functional elements are advantageously protected by the carrier film from damage, especially corrosion. The multilayer film includes at least one carrier film, one surface electrode, one active layer, another surface electrode, and another carrier film in the order shown. The carrier film specifically carries surface electrodes and provides the necessary mechanical stability for liquid or soft active layers.

The carrier film preferably comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, particularly preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with low or no plasticizer. This is particularly advantageous in terms of the stability of the multilayer film. However, carrier films are also low in or free of other plasticizers, such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resins, castings. It may or may contain resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl chloride, and / or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The thickness of each carrier film is preferably 0.4 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm.

Typically, the carrier film has a conductive coating that, in each case, faces the active layer and acts as a surface electrode.

In another advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the present invention, the functional element is a PDLC functional element (polymer-dispersed liquid crystal). The active layer of the PDLC functional element comprises a liquid crystal embedded in a polymer matrix. When no voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals are randomly oriented, resulting in strong scattering of light passing through the active layer. When a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals are aligned in a common direction, and the transmittance of light passing through the active layer is increased.

However, in principle, it is also possible to use other types of controllable functional elements, such as electrochromic functional elements or SPD functional elements (suspended particle devices). The described controllable functional elements and modes of operation thereof are known to those of skill in the art and detailed description thereof may be omitted herein.

Functional elements as multilayer films are commercially available. The functional elements to be integrated are typically cut out from a larger sized multilayer film in the desired shape and dimensions. This can be done mechanically, for example using a knife. In an advantageous embodiment, the cutting is performed using a laser. In this case, the side edges have been demonstrated to be more stable than with mechanical cutting. At the mechanically cut side edges, there is a risk of material being pulled back, which is visually noticeable and adversely affects the aesthetics of Pain.

The functional elements are joined to the outer pane through the area of the first intermediate layer and to the inner pane via the area of the second intermediate layer (and in each case placed in between). It may be through a barrier film). The intermediate layers are preferably arranged in an area so as to overlap each other with the functional elements inserted between the two layers, and are laminated with each other. The region of the intermediate layer that overlaps the functional element then forms a region that joins the functional element to the pane. In other areas of the pane where the interlayers are in direct contact with each other, they can no longer distinguish between the two original layers, as there is one homogeneous intermediate layer instead. Can be fused during lamination.

The intermediate layer can be formed, for example, by a single thermoplastic film. The interlayer can also be formed as a two-ply, three-ply, or multi-ply film stack in which the individual films have the same or different properties. The intermediate layer can also be formed from different pieces of thermoplastic film with adjacent side edges.

In an advantageous development of the composite pane according to the present invention, the area of the first intermediate layer or the second intermediate layer to which the functional elements are joined to the outer pane or the inner pane is colored or colored. Therefore, the transmittance of this region in the visible spectral range is reduced compared to the uncolored or uncolored layer. Therefore, the colored / colored areas of the intermediate layer reduce the transmittance of the windshield in the areas of the sun visor. In particular, coloring improves the aesthetic impression of the functional elements, as a more neutral appearance is obtained, which has a more favorable effect on the viewer.

In the context of the present invention, "electrically controllable optical property" means an infinitely controllable property, but also a property switchable between two or more discrete states.

Electrical control of the sun visor is achieved, for example, using switches, rotary knobs, or sliders integrated into the dashboard of the vehicle. However, the switch region for controlling the sun visor may be, for example, a capacitive switch region integrated with the windshield. Alternatively or additionally, the sun visor can be controlled by non-contact methods, eg gesture recognition, or as a function of pupil or eyelid condition detected by a camera and suitable evaluation electronic device. can do. Alternatively or additionally, the sun visor can be controlled by a sensor that detects the incident of light on the pane.

The colored or colored regions of the intermediate layer have a transmittance of preferably 10% to 50%, particularly preferably 20% to 40% in the visible spectrum range. This gives particularly good results in terms of glare protection and visual appearance.

The intermediate layer can be formed by a single thermoplastic film produced by locally coloring or coloring the colored or colored areas. Such a film can be obtained, for example, by a coextrusion method. Alternatively, the non-colored film portion and the colored or colored film portion can be combined to form a thermoplastic layer.

The colored or colored areas may be uniformly colored or may be colored, in other words, they may have position-independent transmittance. However, coloring or coloring may also be non-uniform, and in particular can achieve a progress in transmittance. In one embodiment, the transmittance level decreases in the colored or colored areas, at least in part, as the distance from the top edge increases. Therefore, the transition from the sun visor to the transparent area of the windshield is slowed down and sharp edges of the colored or colored area can be avoided so that it looks more aesthetically pleasing.

In an advantageous embodiment, the area of the first intermediate layer, i.e. the area between the functional element and the outer pane, is colored. This gives a particularly aesthetic impression when the outer pane is viewed from above. The area of the second intermediate layer between the functional element and the inner pane can optionally be additionally colored or colored.

A composite pane with electrically controllable functional elements can advantageously be implemented as a windshield with an electrically controllable sun visor. Such a windshield has an upper end and a lower end, and two side ends extending between the upper end and the lower end. "Upper end" refers to an end intended to point upwards at the installation position. "Lower end" refers to the end intended to point downwards at the installation position. The upper end is often referred to as the "roof end" and the lower end is referred to as the "engine end".

The windshield has a central field of view and its optical quality is highly demanded. The central field of view must have a high light transmittance (typically greater than 70%). The central visual field is, in particular, a visual field referred to by those skilled in the art as visual field B, visual field area B, or zone B. Vision B and its technical requirements are described in United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) Regulation No. 43 (ECE-R43, "Uniform Provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing materials and their installation on vehicles". Approval of Safety Glazing Materials and Their Installation on Vehicles) ”). Here, the field of view B is defined in Annex 18.

The functional element is then placed above the central visual field (field of view B). This means that the functional element is located in the area between the central field of view and the top edge of the windshield. Functional elements need not cover the entire area, but are perfectly located within this area and do not project into the central field of view. In other words, the functional element is not farther from the top edge of the windshield than the central field of view. Therefore, the transmittance of the central visual field is not affected by functional elements placed in positions similar to the positions of conventional mechanical sun visors in the folded state.

Windshields are preferably provided for automobiles, particularly preferably for passenger cars.

In a preferred embodiment, the functional element, or more precisely the side edge of the functional element, is circumferentially surrounded by a third intermediate layer. The third intermediate layer is designed in the shape of a frame having recesses. The functional element can be inserted into the recess or can be located in a plane above or below the recess. Further, the third intermediate layer can be formed by a thermoplastic film having recesses introduced by cutting. Alternatively, the third intermediate layer may also consist of multiple film portions surrounding the functional element. Preferably, the intermediate layer is formed from the sum of at least three thermoplastic layers that are overlapping and area-arranged with each other, where the central layer has recesses in which the functional elements are arranged. During production, the third intermediate layer is arranged between the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer, and the side ends of all the intermediate layers are preferably arranged so as to coincide with each other. The third intermediate layer preferably has approximately the same thickness as the functional element. Therefore, local differences in windshield thickness introduced by locally limited functional elements can be compensated and avoid glass breakage and / or permanent glass stress during lamination. ..

The side edges of the functional element that are visible when viewed through the windshield are preferably of a third so that there is no gap between the side edges of the functional element and the relevant side edges of the intermediate layer. It is arranged in the same plane as the intermediate layer. This is especially true for the lower end of functional elements that are typically visible. Therefore, the boundary between the third intermediate layer and the functional element is not very noticeable visually.

In a preferred embodiment, the lower end of the functional element and the lower end of the tinted area of the intermediate layer are adapted to the shape of the upper end of the windshield, providing a more attractive visual impression. Since the upper end of the windshield is typically curved, especially concave, it is preferred that the lower end of the functional element and the lower end of the colored area are also curved. Particularly preferably, the lower end of the functional element is substantially parallel to the upper end of the windshield. However, it is also possible to construct the sun visor from two equal parts, each of which is linear and arranged at an angle to each other, forming a substantially V-shaped upper end.

In one embodiment of the invention, the functional element is divided into segments by insulating wires. Insulated wires are specifically introduced into the surface electrodes so that the segments of the surface electrodes are electrically insulated from each other. The individual segments are connected to the voltage source independently of each other so that they can operate separately. Therefore, different regions of the sun visor can be switched independently. Particularly preferably, the insulated wires and segments are arranged horizontally in the installation position. Therefore, the height of the sun visor can be controlled by the user. The term "horizontal" should be interpreted broadly here and refers to the direction of expansion in a windshield that extends between the side edges of the windshield. The insulated wire does not necessarily have to be straight and may be slightly curved, preferably fitted substantially parallel to the possible curvature of the top edge of the windshield, especially to the top edge of the windshield. You may. Of course, a vertical insulated wire is also conceivable.

The insulated wire has a width of, for example, 5 μm to 500 μm, particularly 20 μm to 200 μm. The width of the segment, i.e. the distance between adjacent insulation lines, can be appropriately selected by one of ordinary skill in the art according to the requirements of the individual case. Insulated wires can be introduced by laser ablation, mechanical cutting, or etching during the manufacture of functional elements. The already laminated multilayer film can also be later segmented by laser ablation.

The top and side edges or all side edges of the functional element are visually hidden through the composite pane, preferably by an opaque masking print or by an outer frame. Windshields typically have a masking print around the perimeter made from opaque enamel, which visually hides the adhesive used to attach windows, in particular, from UV radiation. Helps protect it. Masking prints around this are also preferably used to hide the top and side edges of the functional element, as well as the necessary electrical connections. The sun visor is then advantageously incorporated into the appearance of the windshield, only its lower end being potentially identifiable by the observer. Preferably, both the outer and inner panes have masking prints to prevent see-through from both sides.

Functional elements can also have recesses or holes in the area of so-called sensor windows or camera windows, for example. These areas will be provided to include a sensor or camera, the function of which will be impaired by the beam path, eg, a controllable functional element within the rain sensor. It is also possible that the distance between the functional elements provides space for the sensor window or camera window to provide a sun visor with at least two functional elements separated from each other.

The functional element (or the entire functional element in the above case of the plurality of functional elements) preferably covers the entire width of the composite pane or windshield, eg, both end regions having a width of 2 mm to 20 mm. Is deducted and placed. The functional element also preferably has a distance of, for example, 2 mm to 20 mm from the top edge. Therefore, the functional element is encapsulated within the intermediate layer and protected from contact with the surrounding atmosphere and corrosion.

The outer and inner panes are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably soda lime glass, as is customary for windowpanes. However, panes can also be made from other types of glass, such as quartz glass, borosilicate glass, or aluminosilicate glass, or hard clear plastics, such as polycarbonate or polymethylmethacrylate. The pane may be transparent, colored, or colored. The windshield must have an appropriate light transmission in the central field of view, preferably at least 70% in the main field of view zone A by ECE-R43.

The outer pane, inner pane, and / or intermediate layer may have additional suitable coatings known per se, such as anti-reflective coatings, non-adhesive coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings, or solar protective coatings, or low E coatings. Can have.

The thickness of the outer and inner panes can vary widely and, as a result, can be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The outer and inner panes preferably have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 3 mm.

The present invention further comprises using a composite pane according to the invention having electrically controllable functional elements as an inner or outer glazing of a vehicle or building, wherein the electrically controllable functional. The element is used as a sunscreen or privacy screen.

The present invention further comprises using a composite pane according to the present invention as a vehicle windshield or roof panel, where electrically controllable functional elements are used as sun visors.

A particular advantage of the present invention having a composite pane as a windshield is that it does not require a mechanically foldable sun visor attached to a conventional vehicle roof. Therefore, the present invention also includes vehicles without such conventional sun visors, preferably automobiles, especially passenger cars.

The present invention also includes the use of colored or colored areas of the intermediate layer for joining functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties to the outer or inner pane of the windshield. The electrically controllable sun visor is realized by the colored or colored areas of the intermediate layer and the functional elements.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic and not faithful to scale. The drawings do not limit the present invention. They depict:

Top view of the first embodiment of a composite pane according to the present invention. FIG. 1A is a schematic view of a method according to the present invention for manufacturing a composite pane according to the present invention according to FIG. 1A. Sectional drawing through the composite pane of FIG. 1A along section line XX'. An enlarged view of region Z in FIG. 1B. FIG. 5 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a composite pane according to the present invention. FIG. 2A is a schematic view of a method according to the invention for manufacturing a composite pane according to the invention according to FIG. 2A. Sectional drawing through the composite pane of FIG. 2A along section line XX'. An enlarged view of region Z in FIG. 2B. Top view of another embodiment of a composite pane according to the present invention as a windshield with a sun visor. Sectional view through the composite pane of FIG. 3A along section line XX'. An enlarged view of region Z in FIG. 3B. Top view of another embodiment of a composite pane according to the present invention as a windshield with a sun visor. Sectional view through an alternative composite pane of FIG. 1A along section line XX'. FIG. 5A is a schematic view of a method according to the present invention for manufacturing a composite pane according to the present invention according to FIG. 5A. A method according to the present invention with reference to a flowchart.

1A, 1C, and 1D show details of the composite pane 100 according to the present invention in each case. FIG. 1B shows a schematic representation of a method according to the invention for manufacturing the composite pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1A, 1C, and 1D.

The composite pane 100 includes an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2 that are joined to each other via a first intermediate layer 3a and a second intermediate layer 3b. The outer pane 1 has a thickness of 2.1 mm and is made of, for example, clear soda lime glass. The inner pane 2 has a thickness of 1.6 mm and is made of, for example, clear soda lime glass. The composite pane 100 has a first end referred to by D, which is hereinafter referred to as the "upper end". The composite pane 100 is located on the opposite side of the upper end D and has a second end referred to by M, which is hereinafter referred to as the "lower end". The composite pane 100 can be arranged together with other panes as architectural glazing in the frame of the window to form an insulating glazing unit, for example.

A functional element 5 whose optical characteristics can be controlled by a voltage is arranged between the first intermediate layer 3a and the second intermediate layer 3b. For brevity, electrical leads are not shown. The controllable functional element 5 is, for example, a PDLC multilayer film composed of an active layer 11 between two surface electrodes 12 and 13 and two carrier films 14 and 15. The active layer 11 contains a polymer matrix in which liquid crystals oriented according to the voltage applied to the surface electrodes are dispersed, and the optical properties can be controlled by this means. The carrier films 14 and 15 are made of PET and have a thickness of, for example, 0.125 mm. The carrier films 14 and 15 are provided with an ITO coating facing the active layer 11 and having a thickness of about 100 nm, which forms the surface electrodes 12 and 13. Surface electrodes 12 and 13 can be connected to the vehicle's electrical system via busbars (not shown) and connecting cables (not shown) (eg, formed by silver-containing screen printing).

The intermediate layers 3a and 3b include a thermoplastic film having a thickness of 0.38 mm in each case. The intermediate layers 3a and 3b are made from, for example, 78 wt% polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and 20 wt% triethylene glycol bis (2-ethylhexanoate) as a plasticizer.

A first barrier film 4a is arranged between the first intermediate layer 3a and the functional element 5. Further, a second barrier film 4b is arranged between the functional element 5 and the second intermediate layer 3b. Here, the barrier films 4a and 4b have, for example, an overhanging portion u of, for example, 5 mm on all side portions beyond the functional element 5. Here, "on all sides" means that there is an overhanging portion u beyond each side end portion 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 of the functional element 5. In the overhanging portion region, the portion of the barrier film 4a comes into contact with the directly facing portion of the barrier film 4b. By overlapping on all sides, the functional element 5 is completely surrounded and sealed by the barrier films 4a and 4b.

Here, the barrier films 4a and 4b are made of, for example, substantially PET, in other words, at least 97 wt%. The barrier films 4a and 4b contain less than 0.5 wt% of the plasticizer, and the function of the plasticizer that escapes from the intermediate layers 3a and 3b on the side ends 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4. Suitable for reducing or preventing diffusion into layer 5. The thickness of the barrier films 4a and 4b is, for example, 50 μm.

In the aging test, such a composite pane 100 avoids the diffusion of the plasticizer escaping from the intermediate layers 3a and 3b into the functional element 5 and the resulting deterioration of the functional element 5, and thus the functional element. It shows a significant reduction in brightening in the edge region of 5.

FIG. 1B shows a schematic representation of a method according to the invention for manufacturing composite panes 100 of FIGS. 1A, 1C, and 1D.

According to it, in the first step a), the first barrier layer 4a is placed on the first intermediate layer 3a and is permanently bonded to it, for example, via the first adhesive bond 7a. .. Also, the second barrier layer 4b is placed on the second intermediate layer 3b and is permanently bonded to it, for example, via a second adhesive bond 7b. The adhesive bonds 7a and 7b are made of, for example, an acrylate adhesive. Of course, the barrier films 4a and 4b can be permanently or temporarily attached to the intermediate layers 3a and 3b by another method described herein.

In the second step b), the stack array is arranged. To this end, a prelaminate containing the second intermediate layer 3b and the second barrier film 3b is placed on the inner pane 2 of the composite pane 100. The second barrier film 3b is arranged on the side of the second intermediate layer 3b facing the inner pane 2 opposite to the inner pane 2. Then, the functional element 5 is arranged on the second intermediate layer 3b in the region of the second barrier film 3b. Here, the barrier film 3b and the functional element 5 are dimensioned so that, for example, the barrier film 3b completely covers the functional element 5 and projects to all sides by, for example, a 5 mm overhanging portion u.

A prelaminate containing the first intermediate layer 3a and the first barrier layer 4a is then placed on the second intermediate layer together with the second barrier layer 4b and the functional element 5. The first barrier layer 4a is located in direct contact with the functional element 5, and as a result, is arranged on the side of the first intermediate layer 3a facing the functional element 5. Here, the barrier film 3a is dimensioned so that, for example, the barrier film 4a completely covers the functional element 5 and projects to all side portions by, for example, a 5 mm overhanging portion u. The first barrier film 4a and the second barrier film 4b are in contact with each other, for example, in the entire region of the overhanging portion u beyond the functional element 5.

The outer pane 1 of the composite pane 100 is then placed on the first intermediate layer 3a and in direct contact with the first intermediate layer 3a.

Of course, the stack array can be created in the reverse order by, for example, starting from the outer pane 1 and arranging the first intermediate layer 3a or the like on the outer pane 1. Also, of course, more films or layers can be placed between the individual elements of the stack array or on the outer surface of the inner pane 2 and / or the outer pane 1.

The fixed bond between the barrier films 4a and 4b and the intermediate layers 3a and 3b has a great advantage. As a result of the very thin barrier films 4a and 4b being fixedly bonded to the fairly thick intermediate layers 3a and 3b, the barrier films 4a and 4b can be handled and positioned more easily. In particular, air bubbles or kinks in the barrier films 4a and 4b can be avoided. It facilitates handling and automation of the entire positioning process.

In the final step c), the stack sequences from steps a) and b) are joined together by lamination. In this way, the completed composite pane 100 in which the functional element 5 is embedded between the intermediate layers 3a and 3b is manufactured. By the fixed embedding of the functional element 5, the barrier films 4a and 4b are fixedly bonded to the functional element 5 and fixedly bonded to each other in the region of the overhanging portion u. In this example, barrier films 4a and 4b completely cover and seal the functional element 5.

2A, 2C, and 2D show further developments of the composite pane 100 according to the inventions of FIGS. 1A, 1C, and 1D. The composite pane 100 of FIGS. 2A, 2C, and 2D substantially corresponds to the composite pane 100 of FIGS. 1A, 1C, and 1D, where only the differences are discussed below.

The substantial difference from FIGS. 1A, 1C, and 1D is that in FIGS. 2A, 2C, and 2D, the barrier films 4a and 4b are not full-scale, but only frame-shaped. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the manufacturing method according to the present invention is different.

FIG. 2B shows a schematic representation of a method according to the invention for manufacturing composite panes 100 of FIGS. 2A, 2C, and 2D.

According to it, in the first step a), the first barrier layer 4a is placed on the first intermediate layer 3a and is permanently bonded thereto via, for example, the first adhesive bond 7a. .. Of course, the barrier film 4a may be permanently or temporarily bonded to the intermediate layer 3a by another method described herein.

In the second step b), the stack array is arranged. Therefore, the second intermediate layer 3b is arranged on the inner pane 2 of the composite pane 100. Next, a frame-shaped second barrier film 4b is placed on the second intermediate layer 3b. The functional element 5 is then placed on the second intermediate layer 3b in the region of the second barrier film 4b. Here, in the barrier film 4b and the functional element 5, for example, the barrier film 4b covers the functional element 5 in a frame shape in the region of the end portion (that is, the side end portion thereof), and the overhang portion of, for example, 5 mm. It is dimensioned by u so that it protrudes to all sides.

The prelaminate containing the first intermediate layer 3a and the first barrier layer 4a is then placed on the second intermediate layer 3b having the second barrier layer 4b and the functional element 5. Next, the first barrier layer 4a is positioned so as to be in direct contact with the functional element 5, and as a result, the first intermediate layer 3a is arranged on the side facing the functional element 5. Here, the first barrier film 4a is dimensioned so as to cover the functional element 5 in a frame shape in the region of the end portion thereof and project to all sides by a 5 mm overhanging portion u, for example. The first barrier film 4a and the second barrier film 4b are in contact with each other, for example, in the entire region of the overhanging portion u beyond the functional element 5.

Next, the outer pane 1 of the composite pane 100 is arranged so as to be in direct contact with the first intermediate layer 3a.

Of course, the stack array can be created in the reverse order by, for example, starting from the outer pane 1 and arranging the first intermediate layer 3a or the like on the outer pane 1. Also, of course, more films or layers can be placed between the individual elements of the stack array or on the outer surface of the inner pane 2 and / or the outer pane 1.

In the final step c), the stack sequences from steps a) and b) are joined together by lamination. In this way, the completed composite pane 100 in which the functional element 5 is embedded between the intermediate layers 3a and 3b is manufactured. By the fixed embedding of the functional element 5, the barrier films 4a and 4b are also fixedly bonded to the functional element 5 and fixedly bonded to each other in the region of the overhanging portion u. In this example, the barrier films 4a and 4b completely cover the edges of the functional element 5 and seal the side edges 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 of the functional element 5. Surrounded by.

3A, 3B, and 3C show details of an alternative composite pane 100 according to the present invention as a windshield with an electrically controllable sun visor in each case. The composite panes 100 of FIGS. 3A-C substantially correspond to the composite panes 100 of FIGS. 1A, 1C, and 1D, as only the differences are discussed below.

The windshield includes a trapezoidal composite pane 100 having an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2 joined to each other via two intermediate layers 3a and 3b. The outer pane 1 has a thickness of 2.1 mm and is made of green soda lime glass. The inner pane 2 has a thickness of 1.6 mm and is made of clear soda lime glass. The windshield has an upper end D facing the roof at the installation position and a lower end M facing the engine room at the installation position.

The windshield comprises an electrically controllable functional element 5 as a sun visor located in the region above the central field of view B (as defined in ECE-R43). The sun visor is formed of a commercially available PDLC multilayer film as a functional element 5 embedded in the intermediate layers 3a and 3b. The height of the sun visor is, for example, 21 cm. The first intermediate layer 3a is joined to the outer pane 1; the second intermediate layer 3b is joined to the inner pane 2. The third intermediate layer 3c arranged between them has a notch, into which the PDLC multilayer film cut to a fixed size is accurately fitted and inserted, in other words. , Is inserted in the same plane on all sides. In this way, the third intermediate layer 3c forms, so to speak, a kind of universal frame for the functional element 5, whereby the functional element 5 is fully encapsulated in the thermoplastic material. Protected by.

The first intermediate layer 3a has a colored region 6 arranged between the functional element 5 and the outer pane 1. As a result, the light transmittance of the windshield is further reduced in the region of the functional element 5, and the milky white appearance of the PDLC functional element 5 is alleviated in the diffused state. In this way, the aesthetics of the windshield are designed to be quite attractive. The first intermediate layer 3a has, for example, an average light transmittance of 30% in the region 6, and good results can be obtained.

Region 6 may be uniformly colored. However, it is often more visually appealing to reduce the coloration towards the lower end of the functional element 5 so that the colored and uncolored areas transition smoothly to each other.

In the case shown in the drawing, the lower end portion of the colored region 6 and the lower end portion of the PDLC functional element 5 (here, the side end portion 5.1 thereof) are arranged on the same plane as the barrier film 4. However, this is not always the case. The colored region 6 can also protrude beyond the functional element 5, or conversely, the functional element can protrude beyond the colored region 6. In the latter case, it would not be the entire functional element 5 connected to the outer pane 1 via the colored area 6.

The controllable functional element 5 is a multilayer film consisting of an active layer 11 between two surface electrodes 12, 13 and two carrier films 14, 15. The active layer 11 contains a polymer matrix in which liquid crystals oriented according to the voltage applied to the surface electrodes are dispersed, and the optical properties can be controlled by this means. The carrier films 14 and 15 are made of PET and have a thickness of, for example, 0.125 mm. The carrier films 14 and 15 are provided with an ITO coating having a thickness of about 100 nm, which faces the active layer 11, and forms the electrodes 12 and 13. Electrodes 12 and 13 may be connected to the vehicle's on-board electrical system via busbars (not shown) and connecting cables (not shown) (eg, formed by silver-containing screen printing).

As is customary, the windshield has a masking print 9 around the outer circumference formed of opaque enamel on the inner surface (facing the inside of the vehicle in the installation position) of the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2. The distance from the upper end D and the side end of the windshield to the functional element 5 is smaller than the width of the masking print 9, and the side end of the functional element 5 excludes the side end toward the central visual field B. , Covered by masking print 9. The electrical connection (not shown) is also hidden because it is conveniently attached to the area of the masking print 9.

For the intermediate layers 3a, 3b, and 3c, so-called "high flow PVB", which has a stronger flow behavior than a standard PVB film, can be preferably used. As a result, the layer flows more strongly around the barrier film 4 and the functional element 5 to give a more homogeneous visual impression, and the transition from the functional element 5 to the intermediate layer 3c becomes less noticeable. The "high flow PVB" may be used for all of the intermediate layers 3a, 3b and 3c, or may be used for one or more layers.

FIG. 4 shows a plan view of another embodiment of the composite pane 100 according to the present invention as a windshield with an electrically controllable sun visor. The functional element 5 as a windshield and a controllable sun visor substantially corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. However, the PDLC functional element 5 is divided into six strip-like segments by the horizontal insulating wire 16. The insulated wire 16 has, for example, a width of 40 μm to 50 μm and a mutual distance of 3.5 cm. They were introduced into pre-made multilayer films using a laser. The insulated wire 16 specifically separates the electrodes 12 and 13 into strips that are insulated from each other and has separate electrical connections in each case. Therefore, the segments can be switched independently of each other. The thinner the insulation wire 16, the less noticeable it is. Further, the thinner insulated wire 16 can be realized by using an etching method.

As a result of this division, the height of the dark functional element 5 can be adjusted. Therefore, depending on the position of the sun, the driver can darken the entire sun visor, or only part of the sun visor. The figure shows that the upper half of the sun visor is dark and the lower half is transparent.

In a particularly convenient embodiment, the functional element 5 is controlled by a capacitive switching surface located in the area of the functional element, and the driver specifies the degree of darkness by the position of touching the pane. Alternatively, the functional element 5 can also be controlled by a non-contact method, eg, by detecting gestures, or as a function of pupil or eyelid condition as measured by a camera and suitable evaluation electronics. ..

FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional view taken along another embodiment of the composite pane 100 of FIG. 1A along section line XX', wherein the embodiment shown in FIG. 5A is a first intermediate layer 3a and an outer pane. The third intermediate layer 3c arranged between the two and the third intermediate layer 3c differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1C in that the recess 20 is provided in the region of the functional element 5. In other words, the functional element 5 is perfectly located within the orthogonal projection region of the recess 20 with respect to the outer pane 2. Further, the functional element 5 is partially or completely arranged in a plane different from the third intermediate layer 3c.

During lamination, the softened material of the first intermediate layer 3a penetrates into the recess 20 of the third intermediate layer 3c.

Of course, more layers or films (not shown here), such as a functional layer or an infrared reflective layer with or without a carrier layer, can be arranged in the recess 20.

FIG. 5B shows a schematic diagram of the layer arrangement of the composite pane embodiment according to the invention shown in FIG. 5A before lamination. In FIG. 5B, the stacking arrangement of the composite panes 100 according to the present invention allows the barrier films 4a and 4b to be fully populated before the functional elements 5 are placed between the first intermediate layer 3a and the second intermediate layer 3b. It can be understood that it is bound to the first intermediate layer 3a or the second intermediate layer 3b on the surface. The bonding is carried out, for example, by spraying an organic solvent, for example, acetone, on one surface of the barrier films 4a and 4b in each case. Next, the surfaces of the barrier films 4a and 4b sprayed with the solvent are placed on the respective intermediate layers 3a and 3b. The solvent, on the one hand, provides cohesive force due to the surface tension of the solid. In addition, the solvent results in a slight dissolution of the surface, resulting in a close bond between the surface of the barrier films 4a and 4b and the surface of the intermediate layers 3a and 3b. The resulting adhesion, along with the barrier films 4a and 4b, allows reliable transport and accurate positioning of the intermediate layers 3a and 3b.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a method according to the present invention with reference to a flowchart. In the first step I, the first barrier film 4a and the first intermediate layer 3a and / or the second barrier film 4b and the second intermediate layer 3b are temporarily or permanently fixedly bonded to each other. .. In the second step II, a stack array is made, where the outer pane 1, the first intermediate layer 3a, the first barrier film 4a, the functional element 5 with electrically controllable optical properties, the second. The barrier film 4b of 2 and the second intermediate layer 3b, and the inner pane 2 are placed one by one on the other in this spatial order. In the third step III, the stack sequences are fixedly and permanently bound by lamination.

Reference character list:
1 Outer pane 2 Inner pane 3a First intermediate layer 3b Second intermediate layer 3c Third intermediate layer 4a First barrier film 4b First barrier film 5 Functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 Side end of functional element 5 6 Colored area of first intermediate layer 3a 7a, 7b Adhesive bond 9 Masking print 11 Active layer of functional element 5 12 Surface electrode of functional element 5 13 Surface electrode of functional element 5 14 Carrier film 15 Carrier film 16 Insulated wire 20 Recessed part of third intermediate layer 3c 100 Composite pane B Central view of windshield D Upper end of windshield, Roof end M Windshield lower end, engine end u Overhang XX'Cross section Z Enlarged area

Claims (17)

A method of manufacturing a composite pane (100) having a functional element (5) having electrically controllable optical properties, at least a) a first barrier film (4a) and a first intermediate layer (3a). And / or the second barrier film (4b) and the second intermediate layer (3b) are fixedly bonded to each other temporarily or permanently.
b) Outer pane (1), said first intermediate layer (3a), said first barrier film (4a), functional element with electrically controllable optical properties (5), said second barrier. A stack array consisting of the film (4b), the second intermediate layer (3b), and the inner pane (2) is placed above each other in this spatial order.
c) Join stack arrays by lamination,
Method. The method of claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer having the embedded functional element (5) is formed from the first intermediate layer (3a) and the second intermediate layer (3b). The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first barrier film (4a) and the second barrier film (4b) are arranged substantially above each other so as to be substantially aligned with each other. The barrier films (4a, 4b) are arranged to have an overhang u beyond the functional element (5), with the functional element (5) at least partially, preferably completely, the barrier. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is covered with a film (4a, 4b). The barrier film (4a, 4b) is permanently bonded to the intermediate layer (3a, 3b) by an adhesive bond (7a, 7b), by a melt bond, and / or by a press bond. The method according to any one of 1 to 4. The barrier film (4a, 4b) and the intermediate layer (3a, 3b) are bonded to each other by a solvent, preferably an organic solvent, particularly preferably acetone, an alcohol, particularly ethanol, isopropanol, or chloroform, preferably. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the solvent is volatilized before and / or after the arrangement of the stack sequence in step b) and / or during step c). A composite pane (100) produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the intermediate layer (3a, 3b) is at least one thermoplastic polymer having at least one plasticizer. A composite pane (100) comprising a film, wherein the barrier film (4a, 4b) is mounted to prevent diffusion of the plasticizer via the barrier film (4a, 4b). The intermediate layer (3a, 3b) contains at least 3 wt%, preferably at least 5 wt%, particularly preferably at least 20 wt%, more preferably at least 30 wt%, particularly at least 40 wt%, and the plasticizer is preferred. 7. The composite pane (100) of claim 7, wherein the compound contains or is an aliphatic diester of triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol, particularly preferably triethylene glycol bis- (2-ethylhexanoate). The composite pane according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the intermediate layers (3a, 3b) contain at least 60 wt%, preferably at least 70 wt%, particularly preferably at least 90 wt%, particularly at least 97 wt% polyvinyl butyral (PVB). (100). The composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the functional element (5) is a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film. The barrier film (4a, 4b) is low in plasticizer or contains no plasticizer, and preferably contains or is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyethylene (PE). 7. The composite pane (100) according to any one of 7 to 10. Claims 7 to 7, wherein the overhanging portion u of the barrier film (4a, 4b) beyond the functional element (5) is at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, particularly preferably at least 5 mm, particularly at least 10 mm. The composite pane (100) according to any one of 11. Any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the overhanging portion u of the barrier film (4a, 4b) beyond the functional element (5) is less than 50 mm, preferably less than 30 mm, particularly preferably less than 20 mm. The composite pane (100) according to. Claims that the barrier films (4a, 4b) are arranged in a frame shape along the side ends (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4) of the functional element (5). Item 5. The composite pane (100) according to any one of Items 7 to 13. The composite according to any one of claims 7 to 14, wherein the barrier films (4a, 4b) are fixedly bonded to each other in the region of the overhanging portion u after the laminating step of the step c). Pain (100). The composite pane according to any one of claims 7 to 15, wherein the functional element (5) and the barrier film (4a, 4b) are surrounded by a third intermediate layer (3c) in the circumferential direction. (100). The use of a composite pane (100) having an electrically controllable functional element (5) according to any one of claims 7 to 16 as an inner glazing or outer glazing of a vehicle or building, said. Use, use of an electrically controllable functional element (5) as a sunscreen or privacy screen.

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