JP2021503921A - 癌を性質決定する組成物および方法 - Google Patents
癌を性質決定する組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021503921A JP2021503921A JP2020529263A JP2020529263A JP2021503921A JP 2021503921 A JP2021503921 A JP 2021503921A JP 2020529263 A JP2020529263 A JP 2020529263A JP 2020529263 A JP2020529263 A JP 2020529263A JP 2021503921 A JP2021503921 A JP 2021503921A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は2017年11月29日に出願された米国仮出願第62/592,009号および2018年5月22日に出願された米国仮出願第62/674,883号の優先権および利益を主張するものであり、それらの内容は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本開示は、癌を特徴付け、実施する処置方針を決定するための組成物、システム、および方法に関する。特に、本開示は、遺伝子発現およびメチル化プロファイルを用いて副腎皮質癌を層別および処置するための組成物、システム、および方法に関する。
本開示の理解を容易にするために、いくつかの用語および句を以下に定義する:
本明細書に使用されるとき、用語「感度」は、真陽性の数を真陽性および偽陰性の合計で割ることによって計算される、分析(例えば、方法、試験)の性能の統計的尺度として定義される。
本開示は、癌を特徴付け、実施する処置方針を決定するための組成物、システム、および方法に関する。特に、本開示は、副腎皮質癌を層別および処置するために遺伝子発現およびメチル化プロファイルを利用するための組成物、システム、および方法に関する。
本明細書中に記載されるように、いくつかの実施形態において、1つまたは複数のACCマーカー(例えば、BUB1B、PINK1、またはG0S2)の発現またはレベルならびにG0S2のメチル化状態。いくつかの実施形態において、発現および/またはメチル化スコアは、ACCを性質決定するために用いられる。例えば、いくつかの実施形態において、閾値を超えるBUB1B−PINK1発現スコアはCOC1を示す。いくつかの実施形態において、閾値レベル未満のBUB1B−PINK1発現スコアおよび閾値レベル(例えば、5%)未満のG0S2メチル化はCOC2を示す。いくつかの実施形態において、閾値レベル未満のBUB1B−PINK1発現スコアおよび閾値レベル(例えば、5%)を超えるG0S2メチル化はCOC3を示す。(例えば、以下の実施例1および2を参照のこと)。
いくつかの実施形態において、RNAは、ノーザンブロット分析によって検出される。ノーザンブロット分析は、RNAの分離、および相補的な標識プローブのハイブリダイゼーションを含む。
非限定的な例として、相互作用する標識物を有するプローブ結合対(例えば、米国特許第5,928,862号(参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)に開示されているもの)を、本開示の実施形態の方法に用いるよう適合させ得る。一塩基多型(SNP)を検出するために使用されるプローブシステムもまた、本発明で用い得る。さらなる検出システムとして、米国公開第20050042638号(参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)に開示されているような「分子スイッチ」を挙げることができる。他のプローブ(例えば、挿入色素および/または蛍光色素を含むプローブ)も、本開示の実施形態の増幅産物方法の検出に有用である。例えば、米国特許第5,814,447号(参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)を参照のこと。
哺乳動物において、メチル化はシトシン残基においてのみ、より具体的には、グアニン残基に隣接するシトシン残基(すなわち、しばしば「CpG」と示される配列CG)においてのみ生じる。DNAメチル化の部位を検出およびマッピングすることは、エピジェネティックな遺伝子調節を理解し、遺伝子調節の誤りに関連する癌および他の疾患状態を同定するための診断ツールを提供するために不可欠なステップである。
さらなる実施形態はACCを性質決定する(例えば、腫瘍の悪性または転移の可能性のような予後を示す、または実施する処置方針を決定するための)方法を提供する。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、COC3分類がACCの転移および悪性の癌を示す。いくつかの実施形態では、COC3腫瘍を有する対象に、補助的な細胞傷害性化学療法(例えば、ミトタン)を投与し、COC1またはCOC2腫瘍を有する対象を、手術単独で処置する。いくつかの実施形態では、COC分類決定が(例えば、処置中または手術後に)繰り返される。
本明細書中に記載される方法において使用する組成物として、BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の発現レベル、ならびに上記のようなG0S2のメチル化状態を決定するための1つ以上の試薬を含むキットが挙げられるが、これに限定されない。いくつかの実施形態では、試薬は、例えば、BUB1B、PINK1およびG0S2にハイブリダイズする1つまたは複数の核酸プローブ、BUB1B、PINK1およびG0S2の増幅または伸長のための1つまたは複数の核酸プライマー、またはメチル化G0S2核酸に特異的に結合する1つまたは複数の核酸プライマーである。
以下の実施例は、本開示の特定の好ましい実施形態および態様を例証し、さらに例示するために示されており、本開示の範囲を限定すると解釈されるべきではない。
ロジスティック回帰モデルを用いて、COC3ではG0S2がサイレンシングされていることから、G0S2の発現レベルはCOC3およびCOC2を確実に区別し得ると判断された。G0S2のプロモーター領域は、CIMP−high腫瘍においてのみ完全にメチル化される大きなCpGアイランドを特徴とし、プロモーターメチル化はG0S2サイレンシングと強く相関する。この観察について拡充するために、サンプルの集団(正常組織(肺、腎臓、肝臓、卵巣、副腎皮質)、副腎皮質腺腫、ACC、およびヒトACC由来NCI−H295R細胞株を含む)におけるG0S2プロモーターの標的化重亜硫酸塩シークエンシングを行った。NCIH295Rをこの集団に含めたのは、この細胞株がCOC3のTCGA分類と一致するいくつかの分子異常を有するからである。G0S2メチル化は、ACCのサブセットおよびNCI−H295R細胞株において観察された。サンプルは、G0S2メチル化の「全か無か」パターンを示した。遺伝子座全体が完全にメチル化されているか、またはメチル化されていないかのいずれかであり、これもまたTCGAと一致した。さらに、NCI−H295RのトランスクリプトームおよびメチロームをRNA−SeqおよびIllumina 850k EPICアレイによって性質決定し、この細胞株はG0S2の検出可能な発現を有さないこと、およびG0S2 CpGアイランドにわたるすべてのプローブのメチル化を有することが、決定された。最後に、EpiTect Methyl II PCR分析(Qiagen)を、NCI−H295R細胞株におけるG0S2メチル化状態を評価するための迅速なベンチトップ分析として使用し、遺伝子座が>99%メチル化されていることを確認した。
この実施例は、ACC−TCGAのCOC割り当てに従ってACCサンプルを層別するために、BUB1BおよびPINK1の発現ならびにG0S2のメチル化を評価することを説明する(図1)。ACC−TCGAのマルチプラットフォーム分析は、ACCが異なる疾患なしの生存をともなう3つの分子サブタイプから構成されることを証明している。図2は、研究に用いた患者コホートを示している。このコホートは、46人の成人ACC患者からの原発性腫瘍を含んでいる。全体の生存および疾患なしの生存はそれぞれAおよびBに描写されている。臨床病期分類は、パネルCに示されているENSAT基準に従う診断時に実施された。Dに示されている診断時のENSAT病期に従う全体の生存をDに示す。
Claims (19)
- 副腎皮質癌(ACC)を性質決定する方法であって、
a)ACCと診断された対象からのサンプルを、BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の少なくとも1つの発現レベルならびにG0S2のメチル化状態を決定するための試薬と接触させることと;
b)BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の発現レベルおよびG0S2のメチル化状態に基づいて、前記ACCを分子サブグループCOC1、COC2またはCOC3として性質決定することと、を含む、方法。 - 前記性質決定することは、BUB1B−PINK1発現スコアを決定することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 閾値レベルを超えるBUB1B−PINK1発現スコアはCOC1を示す、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 閾値レベル未満のBUB1B−PINK1発現スコアおよび5%未満のG0S2メチル化はCOC2を示す、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 閾値レベル未満のBUB1B−PINK1発現スコアおよび5%を超えるG0S2メチル化はCOC3を示す、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記性質決定することは、予後を決定することをさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記予後が転移の見込みである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- COC3分類が、前記ACCの転移および悪性の癌を示す、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、前記分子サブグループに基づいて実施する処置方針を決定することをさらに含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記実施する処置方針は、COC3腫瘍を有する対象における補助的な細胞傷害性化学療法を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記化学療法がミトタンである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記処置を施すことをさらに含む、請求項10または11に記載の方法。
- ACCを処置する方法であって、
a)ACCと診断された対象からのサンプルを、BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の少なくとも1つの発現レベルならびにG0S2のメチル化状態を決定するための試薬と接触させることと;
b)BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の発現レベルおよびG0S2のメチル化状態に基づいて、前記ACCを分子サブグループCOC1、COC2、またはCOC3として性質決定することと;
c)COC3腫瘍を有する対象に補助的な細胞傷害性化学療法を施すことと、を含む、方法。 - 遺伝子発現およびメチル化を分析する方法であって、
a)ACCと診断された対象からのサンプルを、BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の少なくとも1つの発現レベルならびにG0S2のメチル化状態を決定するための試薬と接触させることと、
b)BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の発現レベルならびにG0S2のメチル化状態を同定することと、を含む、方法。 - 前記生物学的サンプルは、組織サンプル、生検サンプル、血液サンプル、および尿サンプルからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記試薬が、BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の少なくとも1つにハイブリダイズする1つまたは複数の核酸プローブ、BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の少なくとも1つの増幅または伸長のための1つまたは複数の核酸プライマー、ならびにメチル化G0S2核酸に特異的に結合する1つまたは複数の核酸プライマーからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- キットまたはシステムであって
BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の少なくとも1つの発現レベルおよびG0S2のメチル化状態を決定するための試薬を含み、
当該試薬は、BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の少なくとも1つにハイブリダイズする1つまたは複数の核酸プローブ、BUB1B、PINK1、およびG0S2の少なくとも1つの増幅または伸長のための1つまたは複数の核酸プライマー、ならびにメチル化G0S2核酸に特異的に結合する1つまたは複数の核酸プライマーからなる群より選択される、キットまたはシステム。 - メチル化DNAを検出する試薬をさらに含む、請求項17に記載のキットまたはシステム。
- 前記試薬が重亜硫酸塩を含む、請求項18に記載のキットまたはシステム。
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