JP2021500385A - 高圧カルバメート凝縮器 - Google Patents
高圧カルバメート凝縮器 Download PDFInfo
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- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 68
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 51
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101000576991 Micrococcus luteus (strain ATCC 4698 / DSM 20030 / JCM 1464 / NBRC 3333 / NCIMB 9278 / NCTC 2665 / VKM Ac-2230) Undecaprenyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- YBGRCYCEEDOTDH-JYNQXTMKSA-N evap protocol Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1.O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1.COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3C(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1.C([C@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=C3C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)=CC=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 YBGRCYCEEDOTDH-JYNQXTMKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RGWOFTGZWJGPHG-NKWVEPMBSA-N (2r)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1r)-2-oxo-1-(6-oxo-3h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy]propanal Chemical compound N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([C@@H](C=O)O[C@H](CO)C=O)C=N2 RGWOFTGZWJGPHG-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
- B01D3/343—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
- B01D5/0009—Horizontal tubes
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- B01D5/0012—Vertical tubes
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- B01D5/0069—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with degasification or deaeration
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- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
- B01D5/0081—Feeding the steam or the vapours
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
- B01D5/0087—Recirculating of the cooling medium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
- B01D5/009—Collecting, removing and/or treatment of the condensate
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-
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J10/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C273/02—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds
- C07C273/04—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C273/02—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds
- C07C273/14—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
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- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
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- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
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Abstract
Description
一般に使用されるタイプのカルバメート凝縮器は、「A lower cost design for urea」,Nitrogen no.222,July−August 1996,page 29−31に記載のプール凝縮器である。このようなプール凝縮器は、チューブシートを備える。チューブシートは、より一般的には、シェルアンドチューブ型熱交換器タイプの高圧カルバメート凝縮器の典型的な部品である。チューブシートは、典型的には、ヘッダから凝縮器内のシェル空間を区切る平面金属プレートである。チューブシートは更に、典型的に円筒形のシェルの一方の端部を封止する。チューブシートには、多数のボアホールが設けられている。チューブは、ボアホールを通して挿入されるか、又はホールと位置合わせされたチューブシートに接合されて、これにより、流体がヘッダとチューブとの間を流れることができる。チューブバンドルは、多くの場合、非常に多数のチューブ、例えば100超のチューブ、又は更には1000超のチューブを有する。ヘッダを使用して、導入口から複数のチューブへ流体を分配する、又は複数のチューブから導出口へ流体を収集する。
Claims (15)
- シェル(1)及び少なくとも1つのチューブバンドル(103)を備える容器(102)を備えるシェルアンドチューブ型熱交換器(101)を備える高圧カルバメート凝縮器(100)であって、前記シェル(1)が容器空間(104)を包囲し、前記チューブバンドル(103)が端部(3)を有するチューブ(2)を備え、シェル空間(105)が前記チューブ(2)と前記シェル(1)との間に設けられており、
前記熱交換器が前記容器空間(104)内に位置する再分配チャンバ(7)を更に備え、前記再分配チャンバが前記再分配チャンバ(7)の内側の第2の流体から前記シェル空間(105)内の第1の流体を分離する壁(8)を備え、
複数の前記チューブ(2a、2b)が単一の再分配チャンバ(7)に接続されており、これにより、前記第2の流体が前記チューブ(2a、2b)と前記再分配チャンバ(7)との間に流れることができ、
前記凝縮器(100)が前記シェル(1)内の前記第2の流体用の開口部(10)から前記容器空間(104)を通って前記再分配チャンバ(7)まで延びるダクト(9)を更に備え、これにより、前記第2の流体がチューブ端部(3)と前記シェル内の前記第2の流体用の前記開口部(10)との間を前記再分配チャンバ(7)及び前記ダクト(9)を通って流れることができる、高圧カルバメート凝縮器。 - 前記シェル空間(105)内でカルバメートを凝縮するように構成されており、
前記容器が、前記シェル空間(105)への気体導入口(4)と、前記シェル空間(105)からの液体用の導出口(5)とを備え、
前記容器が、前記シェル空間に凝縮される気体を分配する、前記気体導入口(5)に接続された気体分配器(6)を更に備える、請求項1に記載の高圧カルバメート凝縮器。 - 前記凝縮器が、導入口ダクト及び導出口ダクトを備える前記ダクトのうちの少なくとも2つを備え、かつ前記導入口ダクトから複数のチューブへ冷却流体供給を分配する導入口再分配チャンバ及び複数のチューブから前記導出口ダクトへ加熱された冷却流体を組み合わせる導出口再分配チャンバを備える前記再分配チャンバのうちの少なくとも2つを備える、請求項2に記載の高圧カルバメート凝縮器。
- 前記凝縮器が動作中に水平に配設されるように構成され、前記チューブが直線状チューブ部を備えるか又は直線状チューブ部からなり、前記気体分配器及び前記直線状チューブ部が平行に配設され、好ましくは前記チューブバンドルがU字形チューブを備え、各チューブが屈曲部及び2つの脚部を有する、請求項3に記載の高圧カルバメート凝縮器。
- 前記シェルが、本質的に円筒形の中間部と、前記中間部を両端部で閉鎖する2つのキャップ部とを備え、
前記シェル空間が、前記中間部及びキャップ部によって画定される単一のシェル空間であり、これにより、流体が前記気体分配器から前記キャップ部の両方に流れることができる、請求項2〜4のいずれか一項に記載の高圧カルバメート凝縮器。 - 前記再分配チャンバが前記再分配チャンバの前記壁を提供する複数の要素を備え、前記要素のうちの少なくとも1つが前記再分配チャンバの前記内側へのアクセスを提供するように開閉可能である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の高圧カルバメート凝縮器。
- 複数の再分配チャンバが互いに積み重ねられており、
ボアホールを有するプレート要素が前記複数の再分配チャンバに共通である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の高圧カルバメート凝縮器。 - 前記チューブバンドルがU字形チューブを備え、各チューブが屈曲部及び2つの脚部を有し、前記複数の再分配チャンバが、再分配チャンバの同じ積み重ね内に配設されている、同じU字形チューブバンドルの導入口再分配チャンバ及び導出口再分配チャンバを備える、請求項7に記載の高圧カルバメート凝縮器。
- 反応器と、ストリッパと、高圧カルバメート凝縮器とを備える高圧尿素合成セクションを備える尿素製造プラントであって、前記高圧カルバメート凝縮器が、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のものであり、所望により、前記反応器及び前記高圧カルバメート凝縮器が、前記ストリッパに接続された液体導出口を有する単一の容器に組み合わされている、尿素製造プラント。
- 前記高圧カルバメート凝縮器が再分配チャンバ及びダクトを通ってカルバメートも含む尿素溶液用の供給ラインに接続されたチューブバンドルを備え、前記ストリッパからストリッピングされた尿素溶液を受け入れる前記供給ラインが前記ストリッパに接続されており、及び/又は前記反応器から前記尿素溶液の一部を受け入れる前記供給ラインが前記反応器に接続されている、請求項9に記載の尿素製造プラント。
- 前記供給ラインが、膨張デバイスと、膨張した前記尿素溶液から気体を分離する気体/液体分離器とを備え、前記供給ラインが、前記膨張した尿素溶液の少なくとも一部を前記ダクトに供給するように構成されている、請求項10に記載の尿素製造プラント。
- 前記チューブバンドルが、再分配チャンバ及びダクトを通って、回収セクションへの液体流接続及び第2の凝縮器への気体流接続を有する気体/液体分離器に接続されており、
好ましくは前記第2の凝縮器が中圧で動作し、好ましくは前記第2の凝縮器が前記尿素プラントの蒸発セクションと熱交換接触しており、好ましくは前記第2の凝縮器が、好ましくは前記高圧カルバメート凝縮器へカルバメートが再循環するように液体流接続を有する、請求項10又は11に記載の尿素製造プラント。 - 尿素が反応器内で形成されて、尿素合成溶液が得られ、前記尿素合成溶液の少なくとも一部がストリッパ内でストリッピングされて、ストリッピングされた尿素溶液が得られ、前記ストリッパからの気体が、高圧カルバメート凝縮器で凝縮される、尿素製造プロセスであって、前記プロセスは、請求項9〜12のいずれか一項に記載のプラントで実施される、かつ/又は前記高圧カルバメート凝縮器は、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のものである、尿素製造プロセス。
- 前記ダクトのうちの少なくとも1つが、前記ダクトの内側及び外側の両方でカルバメートを含有する溶液と接触しており、少なくとも1つのチューブバンドルの前記チューブが、内側及び外側の両方でカルバメートを含有する溶液と接触している、請求項13に記載の尿素製造プロセス。
- 前記ストリッパからの前記気体が、前記凝縮器の前記シェル空間に供給され、前記ストリッピングされた尿素溶液の少なくとも一部及び/又は前記ストリッパに送られない前記尿素合成溶液の一部が、カルバメートも含みながら膨張され、膨張した前記尿素溶液の少なくとも一部が、所望により、気体/液体分離後に、請求項1に定義されるように、ダクト及び再分配チャンバを通って前記高圧カルバメート凝縮器のチューブバンドルに供給され、前記シェル空間内の前記凝縮プロセス媒体と熱交換することによって、前記チューブバンドル内で加熱され、これにより、前記尿素溶液中のカルバメートが前記チューブバンドル内で分解する、請求項14に記載の尿素製造プロセス。
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