JP2021188308A - Rescue system and rescue method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a rescue system allowing transportation of an injured person without any hardship and without requiring any further modification to existing facilities.SOLUTION: A rescue system S for a worker used in a pneumatic caisson 10 is provided with: a material shaft 21 extending from a workroom 14; a material lock 22 placed in the middle of the material shaft 21; a hospital lock 30 formed to be adjustable in pressure; and a capsule 40 for receiving the worker in a state where the worker lies in the workroom 14, the capsule 40 being formed to be transportable to the outside through the material shaft 21 and the material lock 22 as is in a pressured state and also being formed to be receivable in the hospital lock 30.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a rescue system and a rescue method when there is an urgent need to rescue outside the box in the pneumatic caisson method.

Conventionally, in the pneumatic caisson method, excavation work is usually unmanned, but there are cases where workers enter the box under high pressure for maintenance, assembly, and dismantling work. Also, when excavating rock, it may enter the box due to blasting work, drilling, charging work, etc.

When a worker is injured or a disaster occurs and it is necessary to urgently escape from the box while working in the box, conventionally, the pressure is reduced after moving to the man lock. After that, he went out of the box and took necessary measures. As described above, in order to reduce the pressure, it was necessary to move to Maen-Roch, but in the case of injury, it was sometimes difficult to move.

As a device for transporting a worker from the inside of the box, for example, the technique described in Patent Document 1 is known. In Patent Document 1, a capsule for transporting an injured person or the like from the inside of the box is taken down through a material shaft, and after the injured person or the like is housed in the capsule, the injured person or the like is moved into the material lock by a crane and decompressed to atmospheric pressure. After that, he moved to the ground and took necessary measures.

Jitsukaihei 7-34048 Gazette Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-122319

However, in Patent Document 1, in order to reduce the pressure in the material lock, the valve is operated while the capsule is mounted. Therefore, it was necessary for the companion to board the capsule and operate the valve. Furthermore, before the revision of the High Pressure Work Safety and Health Regulations, only air breathing and air decompression were performed, but after the revision, oxygen decompression is also used. It is necessary for the companion to repeat the procedure including the injured person, and it is extremely difficult to perform the procedure in parallel with the valve operation.

Further, Patent Document 2 describes a technique of moving out of the box while maintaining the air pressure inside the capsule, connecting to a pre-installed decompression chamber, and then moving a worker to the decompression chamber to perform decompression. There is a description. However, there is a problem that it is costly because the pressurizing / depressurizing chamber needs to be manufactured separately.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a rescue system and a rescue method in which an injured person can move without burden and does not need to modify existing equipment.

In order to achieve the above object, the rescue system of the present invention is a worker rescue system used in a pneumatic caisson, and includes a shaft extending from the work room and a lock installed in the middle of the shaft. A hospital lock formed to be decompressible and a capsule for accommodating a worker lying down in the work chamber, which is formed so as to be able to be carried out through the shaft and the lock while being in a pressurized state. It comprises a capsule formed storably within the hospital lock.

As described above, the rescue system of the present invention is a worker rescue system used in a pneumatic caisson, and is a shaft, a lock, a hospital lock, and a capsule that houses the worker in a lying state in a work room. It is provided with a capsule which is formed so as to be able to be carried out to the outside through a shaft and a lock while being in a compressed state, and to be formed so as to be retractable in a hospital lock. With such a configuration, the worker can move to the hospital lock without burden while being contained in the capsule, and the existing equipment can be used as it is, which is a rescue system.

It is sectional drawing explaining the whole structure of a rescue system. It is sectional drawing explaining the structure of a pneumatic caisson. It is sectional drawing explaining the structure of a hospital lock. (A) is a cross-sectional view seen from the side surface, and (b) is a cross-sectional view seen from the front. It is sectional drawing explaining the structure of a capsule. (A) is the case where the guide is not attached, and (b) is the case where the guide is attached. It is explanatory drawing (the 1) which shows the procedure of a rescue method. It is explanatory drawing (2) which shows the procedure of a rescue method.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the components described in the following examples are examples, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to them.

(overall structure)
The rescue system S of this embodiment is a worker rescue system S used in the pneumatic caisson 10, and is mainly composed of a material shaft 21, a material lock 22, a hospital lock 30, and a capsule 40. ing.

As shown in FIG. 2, the pneumatic caisson 10 is composed of a side wall portion 11, a work room ceiling slab 12, and a cutting edge portion 13, and can communicate with and shut off the outside air (atmospheric pressure) as equipment. It is provided with a material shaft 21 as a shaft and a material lock 22 as a lock (chaisson chamber) capable of pressurizing and depressurizing the inside. In addition, the pneumatic caisson 10 is also provided with a man lock (not shown) for a worker to enter and exit the work room (14).

An anchor hatch 21a is attached to the lower part of the material shaft 21. A pressure air supply facility (air supply facility, exhaust system) is connected to the material lock 22 so that pressurization / depressurization can be performed.

The work room 14 is formed by being surrounded by the work room ceiling slab 12, the blade edge portion 13, and the ground G. The working room 14 is maintained under high pressure to prevent water from entering from the surroundings. A rail (not shown) is attached to the lower surface of the work room ceiling slab 12 facing the ground, so that an excavator (not shown) for excavating the ground G can run along the rail. ing. The excavator can be remotely controlled while looking at the monitor from the operation room.

In addition, although not shown, compression equipment (air supply equipment, exhaust equipment) for sending and exhausting compressed air is arranged in the work room 14 and the man lock (not shown).

(Composition of hospital lock)
Further, a central monitoring room (not shown) and a hospital lock (recompression room) 30 are installed on the ground. As shown in FIG. 3, the hospital lock 30 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape and is arranged on the ground (see FIG. 1).

The inside of the hospital lock 30 is divided into two rooms, a main room 31 and a sub room 32. A hatch 35 is installed between the outside and the sub-chamber 32, and a hatch 34 is installed between the sub-chamber 32 and the main room 31. Pressure equipment 36 (air supply valve, exhaust valve) is installed in each of the main room 31 and the sub room 32, and can be independently pressurized / depressurized.

(Capsule composition)
Further, in this embodiment, a rescue capsule 40, which is used in an emergency such as when a worker is injured, is further arranged. As shown in FIG. 4A, the capsule 40 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape so that the injured person can be stored while lying on the stretcher 41. Further, the capsule 40 has a structure for maintaining airtightness, and a lid (hatch) 43 that can be opened and closed is attached to one end thereof so that the stretcher 41 can enter and exit.

Further, the capsule 40 is provided with air pressure equipment (air supply valve, exhaust valve) on the outside so that the air pressure inside the capsule 40 can be adjusted from the outside. The capsule 40 has an airtight structure, and it is possible to adjust the internal air pressure and maintain the air pressure.

Further, the capsule 40 has a breathing gas cylinder 45 installed inside the capsule 40 so that it can be supplied to the injured person. Further, the capsule 40 has a structure in which a spare breathing gas cylinder (45) can be connected from the outside.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 4B, the capsule 40A of the modified example can be smoothly passed through the material shaft 21 by providing the guide 44 which is a removable shock absorber. For example, by arranging a plurality of annular guides around the main body of the capsule 40, the impact due to contact with the material shaft 21 and the material lock 22 can be alleviated. Specifically, the guide 44 of this modification is preferably composed of an annulus member 441 and an arm member 442 that supports the annulus member 441.

Further, the capsule 40B of another modification may be provided with a guide 45 having another shape such as a vertically elongated shape, as shown in FIG. 4C, in addition to the annular guide 44 described above. Specifically, the guide 45 of this modification is preferably composed of a cylindrical shell-shaped shield member 451 and an arm member 452 that supports the shield member 451. With this configuration, it becomes possible to pass through the material shaft 21 more smoothly.

Further, the capsule 40 is formed in a size that can be stored in the hospital lock 30, and more specifically, is formed in a size that can be stored in the hospital lock 30 in a state where the capsule 40 is laid down. Has been done. That is, the injured person can be decompressed while lying down in the hospital lock 30.

As described above, the rescue system S of the present embodiment has a capsule 40 that is hung up and down to rescue an injured person, and a hospital lock that is arranged separately from the material lock 22 and the man lock (not shown). (Recompression chamber) 30 and the like.

(Procedure of rescue method)
Next, the procedure of the rescue method of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 6. As described below, the rescue method of this embodiment includes a step of accommodating a worker in a capsule in a work room and closing the capsule (corresponding to (1)-(5) below), and a shaft and a lock of the capsule. A step of carrying out the capsule to the outside (corresponding to (6)-(7) below), a step of transferring the capsule into the hospital lock (corresponding to (8)-(12) below), and a step of pressurizing the inside of the hospital lock. It includes (corresponding to (13) below) and a step of opening the capsule in the hospital lock (corresponding to (15)-(17) below). Finally, after decompression, the process is to transport the injured person to the hospital (corresponding to (18) below).

Further, in the rescue method of this embodiment, the step of pressurizing the inside of the hospital lock (corresponding to (13) below) includes the step of pressurizing the inside of the hospital lock to the first decompression stop pressure, and the inside of the capsule is stopped by the first decompression stop. It further includes a step of reducing the pressure to the pressure (corresponding to (14) below). Hereinafter, each step will be described in order.

(1) Suspend the capsule 40 with a crane and put it in the material lock 22.

(2) Pressurize the material lock 22 to the pressure inside the box, open the hatch at the bottom, and lower it into the work room 14. At this time, the lid or valve is opened so that air can flow into the capsule 40 (see FIG. 5).

(3) Lay the capsule 40 on its side (if a fender or guide 44 is attached, remove or fold at least one side).

(4) Place the injured person P1 on a stretcher and fix it with a belt.

(5) The injured person P1 is housed in the capsule 40 together with the stretcher 41, and the stretcher 41 is fixed in the capsule 40 (see FIG. 5). The stretcher 41 may be housed in the capsule 40 in advance and pulled out to carry the injured person P1. When fixing the injured person with a belt, fix the injured part (foot, etc.) so that no load is applied. Waist, inseam, etc. The injured person P1 is made to wear a mask and inhales the breathing gas supplied from the breathing gas cylinder 45. The breathing gas cylinder 45 is housed in the capsule 40. Considering that the treatment is prolonged, it is preferable to connect a hose to a valve and a mask installed outside the capsule 40, connect a breathing gas cylinder from the outside, and provide a breathing gas inhalation facility capable of supplying the capsule 40.

(6) The lid 43 is closed, the capsule 40 is lifted, the guide 44 is attached, the inside of the material shaft 21 is lifted, and the capsule 40 is stopped in the material lock 22 (see FIG. 2).

(7) The hatch at the bottom of the material lock 22 is closed, the pressure inside the material lock 22 is reduced to atmospheric pressure, the hatch at the top of the material lock 22 is opened, and the capsule 40 is lifted (see FIG. 2).

(8) The capsule 40 is lifted, lowered onto the lifter 90, and fixed (see FIG. 6A).

(9) The lifter 90 is moved into the hospital lock 30 building (see FIG. 6A).

It is also possible to mount the capsule 40 on the gantry 33 by using a crane without using the lifter 90 (see FIG. 6 (b)). Further, although the lifter shown in the figure is a large electric type, it is also possible to use a trolley that is manually moved and hydraulically moved up and down.

(10) Open the hatch 35 of the hospital lock 30. If necessary, a stand 33 or the like for carrying in capsules is installed (see FIG. 6 (b)).

(11) The lifter 90 is moved to the entrance of the hospital lock 30, and the capsule 40 is adjusted to the height of the hospital lock 30 by the lifter 90 (see FIG. 6A). Alternatively, a crane is used to place the capsule 40 on the gantry 33 (see FIG. 6 (b)).

(12) The capsule 40 is released from being fixed, moved to the gantry 33 if necessary, moved on the gantry 33, and carried into the hospital lock 30 (see FIG. 3).

(13) The caregiver P2 and, if necessary, a doctor enter the hospital lock 30 and pressurize the hospital lock 30 to the first decompression stop pressure in the decompression table for the working time at the working pressure.

(14) The caregiver P2 operates the valve of the capsule 40 to reduce the pressure inside the capsule 40 to the same pressure as the inside of the hospital lock 30 (first decompression stop pressure).

(15) The lid 43 of the capsule 40 is opened, and the injured person P1 is pulled out.

(16) The capsule 40 may be divided into upper and lower parts, in which case the upper half 401 is removed and hung from the ceiling or placed sideways (see FIG. 6 (c)). The capsule 40 may have a telescopic (registered trademark) structure (expandable structure), and the foot side may be stored on the head side, contracted, and placed in a sub-chamber.

(17) If first aid is required, take first aid and reduce the pressure to atmospheric pressure. The order of treatment and decompression is appropriately selected according to the degree of injury and pressure. When decompressing oxygen, the caregiver P2 assists in removing the mask as necessary.

(18) After decompression, the injured person P1 is transported to the hospital.

(effect)
Next, the effects of the worker rescue system S of this embodiment will be listed and described.

(1) As described above, the rescue system S of the present embodiment is the worker rescue system S used in the pneumatic caisson 10, and is the material shaft 21 extending from the work room 14 and the middle of the material shaft 21. The material lock 22 installed in the room, the hospital lock 30 formed so as to be able to pressurize and depressurize, and the capsule 40 that accommodates the worker lying down in the work room 14, the material shaft 21 and the material shaft 21 in the state of pressure. It includes a capsule 40 that is formed so as to be able to be carried out through the material lock 22 and can be stored in the hospital lock 30. With such a configuration, the rescue system S is such that the worker can move to the hospital lock 30 without burden while being housed in the capsule 40, and the existing equipment can be used as it is.

That is, a hospital lock 30 is provided separately from the material lock 22 and the man lock (not shown), and the capsule 40 is stored in the hospital lock 30 to carry the injured person while using the existing equipment. be able to.

(2) Further, it is preferable that the capsule 40 is equipped with a stretcher 41 on which a lying worker (injured person) P1 can be placed. By mounting the stretcher 41 in this way, the injured person P1 can be transported in a comfortable posture.

(3) Further, it is preferable that the capsule 40 is formed in a size and shape that can be stored in the hospital lock 30 in a laid-down state. With this configuration, the capsule 40 can be stored in the hospital lock 30 while the injured person P1 is housed in a lying state. Therefore, the burden on the injured person P1 can be further reduced.

(4) Further, it is preferable that the capsule 40 further has a breathing gas cylinder 45 which is a breathing gas inhalation facility. With this configuration, it is possible to assist the breathing of an injured person who is not in good condition. Further, by providing a breathing gas inhalation facility capable of connecting and supplying a breathing gas cylinder from the outside, it is possible to assist the injured person in breathing even when decompression for a long time is required.

(5) Further, when the capsule 40 passes through the material shaft 21 and the material lock 22, the guide 44 as a shock absorber that cushions the impact due to the contact with the inner surface of the material shaft 21 and the inner surface of the material lock is detachably attached and detached. It is preferable to have more. With this configuration, the material shaft 21 and the material lock 22 can be smoothly passed through, and the capsule 40 itself and the injured person P1 can be protected.

(6) Further, it is preferable that the capsule 40 is formed so as to be decomposable into a plurality of parts. For example, if the capsule 40 is disassembled into the upper half 401 and the lower half 402, the capsule 40 is disassembled and opened in the hospital lock 30, so that the injured person P1 can be treated while being placed on the stretcher 41. (See Fig. 6 (c)).

(7) Further, it is preferable that the capsule 40 is formed so as to be expandable and contractible in the longitudinal direction. For example, it is preferable that the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are formed in a nested shape (telesco shape). With this configuration, the capsule 40 can be placed in the sub-chamber 32 of the hospital lock 30, for example, in the contracted state.

(8) Then, the method of rescuing the worker of this embodiment includes a step of accommodating the injured person P1 in the capsule 40 and closing the capsule 40 in the working room 14, and the capsule 40 through the material shaft 21 and the material lock 22. It includes a step of carrying it out, a step of transferring the capsule 40 into the hospital lock 30, a step of pressurizing the inside of the hospital lock 30, and a step of opening the capsule 40 in the hospital lock 30. According to such a procedure, the injured person can move to the hospital lock 30 without burden while being contained in the capsule 40, and the existing equipment can be used as it is.

(9) Further, the step of pressurizing the inside of the hospital lock 30 includes a step of pressurizing the inside of the hospital lock 30 to the first decompression stop pressure, and further includes a step of depressurizing the inside of the capsule 40 to the first decompression stop pressure. preferable. According to such a procedure, pressurization / depressurization can be completed in a short time, and the capsule 40 can be opened quickly in the hospital lock 30.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design changes to the extent that the gist of the present invention is not deviated are made in the present invention. included.

10: Pneumatic caisson 11: Side wall 12: Work room ceiling slab 13: Blade edge 14: Work room 21: Material shaft 21a: Anchor hatch 22: Material lock 30: Hospital lock 31: Main room 32: Sub room 33: Mount 34: Hatch 35: Hatch 36: Pressure equipment 40: Capsule 41: Stretcher 43: Cover 44: Guide 45: Breathing gas bomb 90: Lifter 401: Upper half 402: Lower half G: Ground P1: Injured person P2 : Caregiver S: Rescue system

Claims (9)

A worker rescue system used in pneumatic caissons.
The shaft extending from the work room and
The lock installed on the shaft and
A hospital lock that can be pressurized and depressurized, and
A capsule that accommodates a worker lying down in the work chamber, is formed so that it can be carried out through the shaft and the lock while being in a pressurized state, and can be stored in the hospital lock. A rescue system equipped with a capsule. The rescue system according to claim 1, wherein the capsule is equipped with a stretcher on which a lying worker can be placed. The rescue system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the capsule is formed so as to be retractable in the hospital lock while lying down. The rescue system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the capsule further comprises a breathing gas inhalation facility. Any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the capsule is detachably further provided with a shock absorber that cushions an impact due to contact with the inner surface of the shaft and the inner surface of the lock when passing through the shaft and the lock. The rescue system described in the first paragraph. The rescue system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the capsule is formed in a disassembleable manner into a plurality of parts. The rescue system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the capsule is formed so as to be stretchable in the longitudinal direction. The process of accommodating a worker in a capsule in the work room and closing the capsule,
The process of carrying out the capsule through the shaft and lock, and
The process of transferring the capsule into the hospital lock and
The process of pressurizing the inside of the hospital lock and
The process of opening the capsule in the hospital lock and
How to rescue workers. The step of pressurizing the inside of the hospital lock includes a step of pressurizing the inside of the hospital lock to the first decompression stop pressure, and further comprises a step of depressurizing the inside of the capsule to the first decompression stop pressure, according to claim 8. Also, how to rescue workers.

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