JP2021173129A - Water channel system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a water channel system suitable for automatically controlling flow speed and flow volume corresponding to water level rise in an open water channel such as a river (a water channel in which water surface exists).SOLUTION: A water channel system 1 comprises airtight pipelines 111 to 113. One end 131 and the other end 153 of the airtight pipelines are respectively positioned at a first position and a second position. A water surface level of an open water channel at the second position may be different from a water surface level of the open water channel at the first position. Of one end 131 and the other end 153 of the airtight pipelines, one positioned at least at a higher one of the water surface level at the first position and the water surface level at the second position exists in the water of the open water channel. When water in the open water channel increases at the second position more than at the second position and the water surface level of the open water channel at the second position becomes higher than the water surface level of the open water channel at the first position, the water in the open water channel flows into the other end 153 to make the water flow out from the one end 131, in the airtight pipelines 111 to 113.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a channel system in an open channel.

In rivers, the amount of water that flows in during floods increases. A water channel that can artificially change and adjust the flow velocity and flow rate in response to this increase has not been developed except by damming it with a dam or the like (see Patent Document 1 and the like).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-0377770

In recent years, small areas have been suddenly flooded by heavy rainfall in a short period of time. In such a case, the flow rate of the river increases rapidly in a short period of time, and it is necessary to increase the flow velocity and flow rate of the river correspondingly. However, by damming it with a dam or the like, it is not possible to sufficiently cope with such a local and sudden change in water volume. Moreover, in rivers, it is difficult to increase the flow rate by deepening the riverbed in relation to the subway.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to propose a water channel system suitable for controlling a flow velocity and a flow rate for an open channel (a channel having a water surface) such as a river.

A first aspect of the present invention is a channel system in one or more open channels, the channel system comprising a first airtight channel, one end and the other end of the first airtight channel, respectively. Located at the first and second positions, the elevation of the water surface of the open channel at the second position may be different from the elevation of the water surface of the open channel at the first position, and the first airtight pipeline As for one end and the other end, one located at least higher than the altitude of the water surface at the first position and the altitude of the water surface at the second position exists in the water of the open channel, and at the second position, the said If the water in the open channel is higher than the first position and the elevation of the water surface of the open channel in the second position is higher than the elevation of the water surface of the open channel in the first position, the first In the airtight pipeline, the water of the open channel flows into the other end and the water flows out from the one end.

The second aspect of the present invention is the waterway system of the first aspect, wherein the waterway system further includes a second airtight conduit and a connecting portion, and the connecting portion is the first airtight conduit. The other end and one end of the second airtight conduit can be connected in an airtight state or in a state different from the airtight state. If the water in the open channel does not flow in or out from the other end of the 1 airtight pipe and one end of the second airtight pipe, and the connection portion is in a state different from the airtight state, the first airtight pipe Water in the open channel flows in and out at at least one of the other end of the path and one end of the second airtight conduit.

A third aspect of the present invention is the waterway system of the second aspect, wherein the waterway system further includes a third airtight conduit, and the connection portion is the other end of the first airtight conduit and the said. One end of the second airtight conduit and one end of the third airtight conduit may be connected in an airtight state, may be in a state different from the airtight state, or the two airtight pipelines may be connected in an airtight state. One is closed, at least two airtight pipelines are connected in an airtight state to narrow the part where water moves to limit the flow rate, and three airtight pipelines are connected in an airtight state to move water. The size of the portion where water moves between the two airtight pipelines and one airtight pipeline is changed to make one flow easier and the other difficult to flow.

The fourth aspect of the present invention is a water channel system according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein water can move from the second position to the first position in the first airtight conduit, and the first position. A one-way valve that prevents water from moving from to the second position is provided, and if the altitude of the water surface at the first position is higher than the altitude of the water surface at the second position, the water does not move and the water does not move at the second position. If the elevation of the water surface is higher than the elevation of the water surface of the first position, the water moves from the second position to the first position.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is a water channel system according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein one end and the other end of the first airtight channel are of a first open channel and a second open channel, respectively. The water in the first open channel at the first position does not reach the second position even if it moves according to the first open channel, and the water in the second open channel at the second position is present in the water. Even if it moves according to the second open channel, it does not reach the first position, and water moves between the first open channel and the second open channel by the first airtight channel.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is a channel system in a plurality of open channels, wherein the channel system includes a first airtight channel, a second airtight channel, and a connection portion, and the plurality of open channels are provided. The first open channel, the second open channel, and the third open channel are included, and the first open channel, the second open channel, and the third open channel merge at a confluence, and the first open channel And the water of the second open channel flows toward the merging point, the water of the third open channel flows in a direction away from the merging point, and both ends of the first airtight channel and the second airtight channel are respectively. If it exists in the first open channel and the second open channel, and the connecting portion connects the end of the first airtight channel and the second airtight channel near the confluence in an airtight state, the first The first airtight channel, said first, depends on the elevation of the water surface of the first open channel at the other end of the airtight channel and the elevation of the water surface of the second open channel at the other end of the second open channel. 2 If water moves in the airtight pipeline and the connection portion, and the connection portion makes the end near the confluence of the first airtight pipeline and the second airtight pipeline a state different from the airtight state, the confluence occurs. It depends on the elevation of the water surface at the location, the elevation of the water surface of the first open channel at the other end of the first airtight channel, and the elevation of the water surface of the second open channel at the other end of the second open channel. Therefore, the movement of water occurs in each of the first airtight channel and the second airtight channel.

According to each viewpoint of the present invention, in addition to the flow of water in an open channel (a channel having a water surface) such as a river, a pipe channel (a channel having no water surface) such as a first airtight pipeline is used. By moving the water, the flow rate and flow velocity can be controlled. Here, the movement of water using the pipe channel may move in the same direction as the direction of the flow of water in the open channel, or may move in a different direction.

It is a figure which shows an example of the structure and operation of the waterway system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure and operation of the waterway system which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating a specific example of the waterway system of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure between two airtight pipes installed in series. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure between three airtight pipelines. It is a figure which shows an example of the connection part which connects a plurality of airtight pipes. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example in the case of connecting a plurality of open channels.

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration and operation of a water channel system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

An example of the configuration and operation of the waterway system will be described with reference to FIG. 1 (a). Waterway system 1 includes a first stage gas tight conduit 11 _1, and the second stage gas tight conduit 11 _2, and the third-stage hermetic conduit 11 _{3, 1} and the first connecting portion 17, the second connecting portions 17 ₂ Be prepared. The first stage gas tight conduit 11 ₁ and the second stage gas tight conduit 11 ₂ and the third-stage hermetic conduit 11 ₃ a gas-tight conduit, formed by a medium not watertight and gas (air) The pipeline is composed of a medium that can withstand a pressure of, for example, 3 atmospheres. Inside the airtight pipe, the fluid flows in an airtight state (a state in which gas or liquid does not enter from the outside other than the entrance and exit of the pipe).

The water surface 7 is the water surface of an open channel (water channel in which the water surface exists) (for example, a river). The bottom portion 3 corresponds to the bottom of an open channel (for example, a riverbed). At the bottom 3, there is a waterfall 5. It is assumed that the bottom portion 3 has a large head in the middle due to the waterfall portion 5, and has a gentle slope before and after that. In an open channel, water flows in a certain direction in a steady state (a state in which the form of movement does not change with time). In FIG. 1 (a), water is flowing from the left side to the right side of the figure in a steady state.

The bottom 3, a first stage gas tight conduit 11 _1, and the second stage gas tight conduit 11, _second and third stage airtight conduit 11 ₃ is fixed. The left and right ends of the first-stage hermetic pipe 11 in _one figure, respectively, and the left end 13 ₁ and the right end 15 _1. The left and right end of the second stage in FIG airtight conduit 11 _2, respectively, to the left end 13 ₂ and the right end 15 _2. The left and right ends of the third-stage hermetic pipe 11 of ₃ in the figure, respectively, and left 13 ₃ and right 15 _3.

The first connection portion 17 ₁ adjusts the right end 15 of the _first stage gas tight conduit 11 ₁ and the second stage gas tight conduit 11 _second left 13 ₂ connection relations. The second connecting portions 17 ₂ adjusts the right end 15 ₂ of the second stage gas tight conduit 11 ₂ third stage airtight conduit 11 ₃ of the left end 13 _third connection relationship. In FIG. 1A, the first connecting portion 17 ₁ and the second connecting portion 17 ₂ are connected in an airtight state. The first connection unit 17 ₁ and the second connection unit 17 ₂ may adjust the connection relationship by, for example, remote control (remote control by a telecommunication signal from a management center or the like).

The position of the left end 13 of the _first stage gas tight conduit 11 ₁ as a first point, the position of the right end 15 of the _third stage airtight conduit 11 ₃ and the second point.

The first-stage airtight pipe 11 ₁ and the second-stage airtight pipe 11 ₂ and the third-stage airtight pipe 11 ₃ are connected in an airtight state by the first connection portion 17 ₁ and the second connection portion 17 _2. The amount of water that flows out from one of the ends is the same as the amount of water that flows out from the other end. At the left end 13 ₁ and the right end 15 _3, the area of the portion where water to enter the water are equal. Amount of water entering water per unit time to the left end 13 of the _first stage gas tight conduit 11 ₁ (water inlet velocity) (amount of water to the water outlet from the third stage airtight conduit 11 ₃ of the right end 15 ₃ per unit time (flood speed)) It is referred to as V _a.

In this embodiment, by introducing the concept of "pseudo-water surface elevation", the airtight pipeline can be easily designed, and further, the design for moving the flowing water flowing in the lowland to a higher position and its limit value. Can also be calculated. In the present invention, the altitude of the water surface may be evaluated by the pseudo water surface altitude.

Pseudo-water elevation is for calculating the flow velocity of an airtight pipe constructed based on Bernoulli's theorem. Pseudo-water surface elevation is a pseudo-water surface elevation in which the moving energy of water is converted into potential energy in consideration of the relationship between the moving direction and the direction of the inlet and outlet of the airtight pipeline, instead of the normal water surface elevation value. It is shown as. The pseudo-water level difference represents the difference in the value of the pseudo-water level at each point.

Bernoulli's theorem, the left end 13 ₁ and the right end 15 _3, and the incoming water is water open channel from one to the water from the other. In the context of FIG. 1 (a), Takibe 5 exists, the water surface elevation at the first point is sufficiently higher than the water surface elevation at the second point, the water open channel to the left end 13 ₁ to the water inlet, to flood from the right end 15 _3.

An example of the pseudo-water surface elevation will be described. In the first point, water flow rate of water open channel (the rate at which water flows per unit time), the water surface elevation and pseudo water elevation, respectively, and V _1, h ₁ and Zh _1. In the second point, water flow rate of water open channel, the water surface elevation and pseudo water elevation, respectively, and V _2, h ₂ and Zh _2.

In the context of FIG. 1 (a), the water open channel is flowing to the incoming water tends direction to the left end 13 _1. Therefore, from the energy conservation law considering the flow of water in the open channel, mgZh ₁ = mgh ₁ + 0.5 × mV ₁ ² is established, and Zh ₁ = h ₁ + 0.5 × V ₁ ² / g. Here, m and g are the mass and gravitational acceleration of moving water (g is, for example, 9.80665 m / s ² ), respectively. In the right end 15 _3, direction of flow direction and water open channel of the water from the water channel system 1 are the same, the flow rate of the open channel in comparison to the water velocity of the conduit is ignored because usually small, water outlet side of the pipe Pseudo-water surface elevation Zh ₂ is treated as equal to water surface altitude h _2.

In general, the pseudo-water surface elevation is the flow rate of water in the open channel at the position where the water in the open channel enters (and / or exits) the airtight channel, the water surface elevation, and the water entry rate (and /) in the airtight channel. Or it becomes a function such as flood rate). In the context of for example FIG. 1 (a), even rightmost 15 ₃ Any left 13 _1, a direction in which water is in the orientation and waterways system 1 of running water of the open channel to move the same, at the time of the water, the movement energy tube Since it is small compared to the moving speed of water flowing out of the canal, it is not necessary to consider the moving energy of water in the open channel. On the other hand, if they are different (see, for example, FIG. 1D), the water moves in the channel system 1 in a direction opposite to the flow of water in the open channel. Pseudo water elevation is strictly some intending to be determined by considering the movement of water at the left end 13 ₁ and the right end 15 _3, but usually for several times larger than the surface water movement energy of the moving energy open channel Izumi , At the water outlet point, the kinetic energy of the open channel is ignored and calculated. On the water inlet side and the water outlet side, the moving energy of the flowing water in the open channel may be taken into consideration, or may be determined approximately.

In an ideal state, according to Bernoulli's theorem, in the channel system 1, water is pushed out by the pressure difference of water caused by _{the pseudo-water surface elevation difference (Zhd 1 [m]) between the first point and the second point.} Move at a velocity V _a (V _a = (2 × g × Zhd ₁ ) ^0.5 [m / s]). Note that the reality because of the presence of such various resistors, although water inlet rate of the real canal system 1 (flood speed) is in the following V _a, the water faster than running water velocity V ₁ and V ₂ of the open channel Can be moved.

The difference between the movement of water in an open channel and the movement of water in a channel system 1 (tube channel) will be described. In rivers and the like, water usually flows due to the water surface gradient caused by the topography such as the slope of the riverbed. Therefore, the flow of water is slow where the slope is gentle. On the other hand, the pipe channel is filled with water, and the water moves due to the difference in elevation of the water surface (difference in water pressure) at both ends. In the water channel system 1, water is filled, water enters at one end and water exits at the other end, so it should be expressed as pushing out and moving water rather than flowing. Due to such a difference, for example, when the water suddenly increases locally at the second point, the open channel gradually affects the upstream according to the inclination of the water surface or the like. In contrast, in the gas-tight conduit by the water surface elevation difference between the first and the second points (pseudo water elevation difference) is changed, and reduces the amount of water entering from the left end 13 _1, further significantly increased by when water altitude difference is reversed thereby pushing the water from the right end 15 ₃ to the left end 13 _1.

At least one of the first connecting portion 17 ₁ and the second connecting portion 17 ₂ may be in a state different from the airtight state. In this case, it can be considered that a plurality of airtight pipes exist in series.

An example of the operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 (b) to 1 (d) using other configurations. The water channel system includes a left airtight line 21 (an example of the "first airtight line" of the present invention) and a right side airtight line 23 (an example of the "second airtight line" of the present invention) in an open channel. .. The left airtight pipe 21 is located on the left side of the figure, and the right airtight pipe 23 is located on the right side.

The left and right ends of the left airtight pipe line 21 are the left end 25 and the right end 27. The positions of the left end 25 and the right end 27 are set as the third point and the fourth point, respectively. The left and right ends of the right airtight pipe line 23 are the left end 29 and the right end 31. The positions of the left end 29 and the right end 31 are set as the fifth point and the sixth point, respectively.

Water flow rate of water open channel at the third position, the water surface elevation and pseudo water elevation, respectively, and V _3, h _3, and Zh _3. Water flow rate of water open channel in the fourth position, the water surface elevation and pseudo water elevation, respectively, and V _4, h ₄ and Zh _4. Water flow rate of water open channel in the fifth position, the water surface elevation and pseudo water elevation, respectively, and V _5, h ₅ and Zh _5. Water flow rate of water open channel in the 6 position, the water surface elevation and pseudo water elevation, respectively, and V _6, h ₆ and Zh _6.

In the left airtight pipe line 21, it is assumed that the inflow rate of water in the open channel that enters the left end 25 and the outflow rate of water that flows out from the right end 27 are equal. In FIGS. 1 (b), (c) and (d), _{let them be V c} , V _e and V f, respectively. In the right airtight pipe 23, it is assumed that the inflow rate of water in the open channel that enters the left end 29 and the outflow rate of water that flows out from the right end 31 are equal. In FIGS. 1 (b), (c) and (d), let them be V _d , V _e and V _g , respectively.

It is assumed that the open channel and the tributary merge at the confluence between the 4th position and the 5th position, and water flows from the tributary into the open channel. Therefore, it is assumed that the amount of water in the tributary increases rapidly, and the water level at the fourth position (pseudo-water level) may be higher than the water level at the third point (pseudo-water level).

FIG. 1B shows a normal steady state. In the steady state, the water surface of the open channel basically slopes in the same way as the slope of the bottom of the open channel. Therefore, the water in the open channel flows from left to right at the third, fourth, fifth and sixth points. Further, the left airtight pipe 21 and the right airtight pipe 23 both move water from left to right.

In the left airtight pipe line 21, the pseudo-water surface elevations at the third and fourth points can be approximately calculated in the same manner as in FIG. 1 (a). On the other hand, at the 4th and 5th points, the water discharged from the right end 27 of the left airtight pipe 21 enters the left end 29 of the right airtight pipe 23 at a speed sufficiently faster than the _{flowing water velocity V 5 at the 5th point.} There is a positional relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the water discharged from the left airtight pipe 21 for the pseudo water level elevations of the fifth and sixth points for the right airtight pipe 23. _{The moving speed V d} in the right airtight pipe 23 changes depending on the influence of V _c , and the pseudo water surface elevation at the fifth point is determined in consideration _{of V c.}

FIG. 1C shows a state in which the connecting portion 33 connects the right end 27 of the left airtight pipe 21 and the left end 29 of the right airtight pipe 23 in an airtight state. In this case, the left airtight pipe 21 and the right airtight pipe 23 become a continuous airtight pipe via the connecting portion 33. The pseudo-water surface elevations at the first and fourth points can be calculated in the same manner as in FIG. 1 (a).

FIG. 1D shows a case where the water level of the open channel rises sharply due to a sudden increase in water at the 4th and 5th points. _{In this case, the flow velocity V 5} of the water in the open channel increases from the 5th point to the 6th point, and a backflow occurs from the 4th point to the 3rd point. Backflow does not occur at the third point, and it is a forward flow state that flows from left to right. In this case, a water flow collision occurs between the third and fourth points.

In the left airtight pipe 21, the water level at the 4th point rises due to the flooding, so at the first stage of the flooding, the water level difference between the 3rd point and the 4th point (pseudo water level difference) becomes small, and the left end 25 The amount of water entering the water is reduced, and the amount of water discharged from the right end 27 is reduced. When the water level rises further, the water level at the 3rd and 4th points (pseudo-water level) is reversed, and the water level at the 4th point (pseudo-water level) becomes higher than the water level at the 3rd point (pseudo-water level). , Water enters from the right end 27 and comes out from the left end 25. Since the movement of water in the left airtight pipe 21 is different from the movement of water in the open channel from the third point to the fourth point, for example, it may flow forward or backward at the third point. The water that has surged at the 4th and 5th points can be dispersed to the 3rd and 6th points by the left airtight pipe 21 and the right airtight pipe 23. In particular, the left airtight pipe 21 moves water from the 4th point to the 3rd point even at the stage where the backflow of the open channel does not occur at the 3rd point to reduce the water surface elevation difference (pseudo water surface elevation difference). , The effect of being able to weaken the momentum of backflow is recognized.

It should be noted that the present invention is an airtight pipeline installed in the first open channel, the first open channel and the second open channel merge at the confluence, and the water in the first open channel and the second open channel is steady. It is flowing toward the merging point in the state, and the airtight pipeline is located at the merging point because one end is farther than the merging point than the other end and more water from the second open channel flows into the merging point than in the steady state. When the water level rises, the airtight pipeline is airtight by reducing the amount of water per unit time that moves from one end to the other end or by moving water from the other end to one end. The influence of the rise in water level at the confluence may be reflected on one end side of the first open channel using the pipeline.

FIG. 1B will be described with specific numerical values. The left airtight pipe 21 and the right airtight pipe 23 are in series and are arranged in a substantially straight line. The left airtight pipe 21 and the right airtight pipe 23 have a length of 500 [m] and a cross-sectional area (Sv) of 1.0 [m ² ]. In an airtight pipeline, there is resistance to movement of water due to the viscosity of water, friction on the surface of the pipeline, bending of the pipeline, etc., but the cross-sectional area of the airtight pipeline is set large and the friction and curve of water If the angle or the like is made small, the water can be moved at high speed by the pressure difference of the water at both ends of the airtight pipe without depending on the length of the moving distance. Further, it is assumed that the 4th point and the 5th point are not separated from each other and the water surface elevation is the same.

In the left airtight pipe 21, the water is pushed out by the pressure difference of the water due _{to the pseudo water level difference (Zhd 3,4} [m] = Zh _{3 -Zh 4} ) between the left end 25 and the right end 27, and the _{water speed V c} ( V _c = (2 x g x Zhd _3,4 ) ^0.5 [m / s]).

On the other hand, in the right airtight pipe 23, the flow velocity V ₅ of the open channel near the left end 29 is sufficiently smaller than _{V c.} Therefore, the water discharged from the right end 27 of the left airtight pipe 21 _{reaches the left end 29 of the right airtight pipe 23 with the moving speed V c} , and the flowing speed of the water in the open water pipe at the fifth point is V _c. Suppose. The pseudo water surface elevation Zh ₅ at the left end 29 is Zh ₅ = h ₅ + 0.5 × V _c ² / g. On the other hand, the pseudo water surface altitude Zh ₆ at the right end 31 is the water surface altitude h ₆ .

The h _3, h _4, h ₅ and h ₆ under steady state conditions (volume of water does not increase), respectively, 20 [m], 15 [ m], 15 [m], and 10 [m].

In the open channel, there is no left airtight line 21 and right side airtight line 23, and the cross-sectional area (S ₀ ) of the river is 200 [m ² ] (the cross section of the river is rectangular and the width of the river (20 [m]]. ) × Embankment height (10 [m])), and the flow velocity (distance that water moves in a unit time) V ₀ = 1 [m / s]. The steady-state flow rate (volume passing per unit time) (Qs) is 0.1 × S ₀ × V ₀ [m ³ / s], assuming that it is 1/10 of the maximum amount. Qs = 0.1 × 200 × 1 = 20 [m ³ / s].

When the left airtight pipe 21 is installed, Zh ₃ = h ₃ + 0.5 × V ₃ ^{2 /} g _{= 20.05 [m] and Zh 4} = h ₄ = 15 [m] in the left airtight pipe 21. From Bernoulli's theorem and Zhd _3,4 = Zh ₃ -Zh ₄ = 5.05 [m], the water outflow velocity V _{c at} the right end 27 is V _c = (2 × g × Zhd _3,4 ) ^0.5 = (2 ×) 9.8 × 5.05) ^0.5 ≒ 9.9 [m / s]. Assuming that the cross-sectional area of the left airtight pipe 21 is 1.0 [m ² ], the flow rate Qv ₁ is Qv ₁ = V _c × 1 = 9.9 [m ³ / s]. ^{That is, 9.9 [m 3} / s] out of the steady flow amount Qs = 20 [m ³ / s] of the river is flowing by the left airtight pipe 21. Therefore, the airtight pipe 21 on the left side moves at a flow velocity 9.9 times that of the river from the third point to the fourth point. The left airtight pipe 21 uses 0.5% of the cross-sectional area of the river (1.0 [m ² _{]) to move Qv 1} at high speed, which is about half the amount of water moving in the river. .. ^{The maximum total discharge of the river and the airtight pipeline is 19 [m 2} ] because the cross-sectional area of the river is installed in the river of the airtight pipeline, and the discharge is 19 [m ³ / s]. The flow rate of the airtight pipe is 9.9 [m ³ / s]. Thus the maximum total flow rate of the river and the airtight conduit is 28.9 [m ³ /s](28.9=19+9.9), it has expanded from conventional ^{Qs = 20 [m 3 / s} ]. In addition, the total flow velocity when moving the maximum total flow rate is the total flow rate / river cross-sectional area = 28.9 / 20 ≒ 1.5 [m / s], which is about 1.5 times.

Next, the right airtight pipe line 23 is analyzed. The pseudo water level of the left end 29 of the right airtight pipe 23 can be calculated as follows. _{The outflow velocity V c} of water in the left airtight pipe 21 is 9.9 [m / s]. Assuming that the velocity of the water in the open channel at the left end 29 of the right airtight pipe 23 is the velocity V _c , the pseudo water elevation Zh ₅ at the 5th point is Zh ₅ = h ₅ + 0.5 × V _c ² / g = 20.0 [m]. _{Further, the pseudo water surface elevation Zh 6} = h ₆ = 10 [m] at the right end 31 of the right airtight pipe 23 at the sixth point. Therefore, the pseudo water level difference Zhd _5,6 is Zhd _5,6 = Zh ₅ ―Zh ₆ = 10 [m], and the velocity V _{d in} this state is V _d = (2 × g × Zhd _5,6). ) ^0.5 = (2 × 9.8 × 10) ^0.5 = 14 [m / s]. The velocity V _d is 1.4 times the flood rate of the left airtight pipeline 21.

In the steady state, the speed V _d at a rate V _c and right airtight conduit 23 on the left side hermetic pipe 21 is preferably set to be no significant difference. (Assuming that the flow rate is constant in the existing river, almost the same amount of water is flowing even if the river width becomes slightly wider or narrower from upstream to downstream over several kilometers. , It is necessary to move the same flow rate along the river by the waterway system as well as the river itself.) Therefore, the pseudo water level difference between the first point and the second point and the pseudo water level elevation of the third point and the fourth point. adjust the difference in substantially the same value, it may be a velocity V _d of the velocity V _c and right airtight pipe 23 on the left side hermetic pipe 21 to approximately the same value. For example, between the right end 27 of the left airtight pipe 21 and the left end 29 of the right airtight pipe 23, the velocity of the water discharged from the left airtight pipe 21 is attenuated. _{Here, the velocity V c} = 9.9 [m / s] of the water discharged from the left airtight pipe 21 _{is decelerated to a value close to V 5} ≈ 1.0 [m / s]. For example, the center line in the cross section of the airtight pipe of the left airtight pipe 21 is three-dimensionally aligned with the center line of the cross section of the airtight pipe of the right airtight pipe 23, and is separated by a certain distance (Lb [m]). If it is installed in water, the speed of water discharged from the left airtight pipe 21 can be reduced. The degree of deceleration affects the flow of other water and the structure of the installation site, but can be determined by the distance length of Lb. The flow velocities of the left airtight pipe 21 and the right airtight pipe 23 do not have to be completely the same value, and the right airtight pipe 23 can operate without failure even if there is an error of about 20%.

_{Further, Lb = 2 [m], and the velocity V 5} at the fifth point of the water discharged from the left airtight pipe 21 is 5.0 [m / s]. The pseudo water level at the 5th point is Zh ₅ = h ₅ + 0.5 × 5.0 ^{2 /} g = 16.3 [m], and the pseudo water level at the 6th point is Zh ₆ = h ₆ = 10 [m].

In the steady state, from Bernoulli's theorem and Zd _5,6 = Zh ₆ -Zh ₅ = 6.3 [m], the water _{entry velocity V d} in the right airtight pipeline 23 is V _d = (2 × g × Zd _5,6). ) ^0.5 = (2 × 9.8 × 6.3) ^0.5 ≒ 11.1 [m / s]. Since the cross-sectional area of the right airtight pipe 23 is 1.0 [m ² ], Qv ₂ is Qv ₂ = V _d × 1 = 11.1 [m ³ / s]. ^{11.1 [m 3} / s] out of the constantly flowing flow rate Qs = 20 [m ³ / s] in the open channel is in a state of flowing by the right airtight pipe 23. _{That is, the inflow velocity V d} of the right airtight pipeline 23 is about 1.1 times as large as _{the outflow velocity V c} of the left airtight pipeline 21. (Note that the flow rate of the river changes depending on the difference between the discharge rate of the left airtight pipe 21 and the water entry speed of the right airtight pipe 23.) As a result, the river flow rate Qs = 20 [m ³ / s] in the steady state. ^{], The flow rate Qs = 9.9 [m 3} / s] in the left airtight pipe 21 from the 3rd point to the 4th point, and the flow rate Qs = 11.1 [m 3 / s] in the right airtight pipe 23 from the 5th point to the 6th point. m ³ / s] is being moved. V _d ≒ 11.1 [m / s] is _{slightly larger than V c} , but there is no problem. In the water channel system of the present invention, it is required to move a large amount of water at high speed, and if V _d needs to be made smaller, it is realized by making L b larger than 2 [m]. can.

When the rain continues and the elevation of the water surface at the 3rd to 6th points rises by 5 [m], the pseudo-water elevation difference between the points is the same as the above-mentioned explanatory event. In a normal river, the final point is the coast via the estuary. Since the sea level does not rise by 5 m even in the event of a flood, at least the pseudo-water level difference in the airtight pipeline in the final stage is large, and if water is moved at high speed in the airtight pipeline in the final stage, the water surface at the outlet of the previous stage As a result, the pseudo-water surface elevation difference in the previous stage is generated, and the airtight pipelines before and after this also move water at high speed. In this way, the airtight pipelines move the water in sequence, so that the water can be moved at high speed. When the airtight pipe in the final stage moves rapidly with water, the airtight pipe in the previous stage moves rapidly with a large pseudo-water level difference. In this way, it is possible to move water at a high speed from at least the downstream side and effectively operate the airtight pipe in the previous stage in a billiard manner.

In the installation mode shown in FIG. 1 (b), the water level is rapidly increased by 5 [m] only at the third point. The pseudo water level at the third point _{rises to Zh 3} = h ₃ + 0.5 × V ₃ ^{2 /} g = 25.05 [m]. Therefore, in the left airtight pipe 21, 14.0 [m ³ / s] of the amount Qs flowing in the open channel is moving, and the flow rate is 1.4 times the constant flow rate of the left airtight pipe 21. I'm letting you. When the outflow speed of the left airtight pipe 21 increases, the pseudo water level at the fifth point increases, the outflow speed of the right airtight pipe 23 increases, and a larger amount of water than in the steady state can be moved.

In this installation mode, the water level is rapidly increased by 5 [m] only at the 4th and 5th points (see FIG. 1 (d)). In the left airtight pipe 21, the pseudo-water surface elevation at the fourth point becomes high, and a smaller amount of water than in the steady state is moved. In the right airtight pipe 23, the pseudo-water surface elevation at the fifth point increases, the water discharge rate increases, and a larger amount of water than in the steady state can be moved. If the water level is further increased at the 4th and 5th points, the water will move from the right end 27 to the left end 25 even in the left airtight pipe 21.

In this installation mode, the water level is rapidly increased by 5 [m] only at the 6th point. In the airtight pipe 23 on the right side, the pseudo-water surface elevation at the sixth point becomes high. Therefore, a smaller amount of water than in the steady state is moved. The left airtight pipe 21 is in a state of moving a smaller amount of water than in the steady state as the pseudo water level at the fourth point increases.

In this installation mode, when the altitude of the water surface at the 6th point is higher than the altitude of the water surface at the 4th and 5th points (h ₃ = 20 [m], h ₄ = h ₅ = 15 [m], h ₆ = Consider 16 [m]). The elevation of the water surface at these points is fixed depending on the topography. For example, when the sixth point is rapidly filled with estuary, water needs to be supplied to a peculiar point where the water source is scarce, but the altitude is higher than the supply point. In this case, the water surface at the 5th point is lower than the water surface at the 6th point, and the water does not flow from the 5th point to the 6th point in the steady state. The operation of the left airtight pipe 21 is V _c = 9.9 [m / s] as described above. The distance Lb between the left airtight pipe 21 and the right airtight pipe 23 is set to be small, and Lb = 0.2 [m]. _{The velocity V 5} of the water in the open channel at the left end 29 of the right airtight pipe 23 is 6.0 [m ³ / s] decelerated from 9.9 [m ^{3 / s].} The pseudo water level at the 5th point is Zh ₅ = h ₅ + 0.5 × 6.0 ^{2 /} g = 16.8 [m], and the pseudo water level at the 6th point is Zh ₆ = h ₆ = 16.0 [m]. In this installation mode, from Bernoulli's theorem and Zd _5,6 = Zh ₅ -Zh ₆ = 0.8 [m], water flows from the left end 29 to the right end 31 in the right airtight pipe 23. It shows that it is possible to move water to places where it does not flow constantly in existing rivers. If the moving energy of water is increased from the left airtight pipe 21 and the water is discharged, the water can be moved to the sixth point at a higher altitude. The water supply path can be constructed by designing the path configuration of water movement more flexibly.

The utility value is high when the moving speed of water in the airtight pipeline is higher than a certain level as compared with the moving speed of water in a river. In general, the steady movement speed of water in rivers is about 2 [m / s] or less, and rivers in mountainous areas have large height differences and fast flow. However, rivers in mountainous areas are short in width and small in capacity, so there is a high possibility of sudden flooding. Therefore, when designing an airtight pipeline device to avoid sudden flooding, it is necessary to pay attention to the structure of the river. On the other hand, inundation in the middle and lower reaches causes serious damage, so it is important and essential to apply an airtight pipeline device that can deal with sudden inundation in the middle and lower reaches.

Other embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. A river is an open channel (a channel where the water surface exists), and water flows from upstream to downstream. The flow of water from river 41 to river 43 is the main stream. The river 45 is a tributary and joins the main stream at the confluence. The river 41 and the river 45 flow toward the confluence in a steady state, and the river 43 flows away from the confluence.

With reference to FIG. 2A, the water channel system includes a first airtight line 51 (an example of the “first airtight line” of the present invention) and a second airtight line 63 (the “second airtight” of the present invention). An example of a “pipeline”), a third airtight pipeline 57 (an example of the “third airtight pipeline” of the present invention), a connecting portion 69 (an example of the “connecting portion” of the present invention), and a fixing portion 71. Be prepared.

The first airtight pipe 51, the second airtight pipe 63, and the third airtight pipe 57 are installed in the river 41, the river 43, and the river 45, respectively. In the first airtight pipe 51, the upper end 55 is farther from the confluence than the lower end 53. In the second airtight pipe 63, the upper end 65 is closer to the confluence than the lower end 67. In the third airtight pipe 57, the upper end 61 is farther from the confluence than the lower end 59.

The fixing portion 71 fixes the lower end 53 of the first airtight pipe 51, the upper end 65 of the second airtight pipe 63, and the lower end 59 of the third airtight pipe 57 to the riverbed.

The connection portion 69 changes the connection relationship between the lower end 53 of the first airtight pipe 51, the upper end 65 of the second airtight pipe 63, and the lower end 59 of the third airtight pipe 57.

The first airtight pipe 51, the second airtight pipe 63, and the third airtight pipe 57 may be one airtight pipe, and a plurality of airtight pipes are arranged in series as in FIG. 1A. It may be a thing.

The first airtight pipe 51, the second airtight pipe 63, and the third airtight pipe 57 are airtight pipes, and both ends are in the water of the river.

The upper end 55 of the first airtight pipe 51 and the upper end 61 of the third airtight pipe 57 are not shown so that they are appropriately set in the direction of the incoming water and do not deform, vibrate, or move due to high-speed entry of water. It may be fixed to the fixed part to be fixed or the bedrock at the installation point. However, if the running water is stable, the inflow is unlikely to be obstructed, vibrated or moved, it may be installed without being fixed. The same applies to the lower end 67 of the second airtight pipe 63.

In the steady state, when there is no connecting portion 69, the water discharged from the first airtight pipe 51 and the third airtight pipe 57 enters the second airtight pipe 63. The water discharged from the first airtight pipe 51 and the third airtight pipe 57 increases the pressure of the water at the upper end 65 of the second airtight pipe 63, and the water between both ends of the second airtight pipe 63. Change the pressure difference.

The connecting portion 69 adjusts the moving direction and the moving speed of the water discharged from the first airtight pipe 51 and the third airtight pipe 57, and adjusts the moving direction of the first airtight pipe 51 and the third airtight pipe 57. The change in water pressure at the upper end 65 of the second airtight pipe 63 due to the water discharged from 57 is adjusted. The connecting portion 69 may be provided with, for example, a function of storing water to supply water even in a steady state so that the flow rate of the river at the upper end 65 of the second airtight pipe 63 does not decrease.

At both ends of the first airtight pipe 51, the second airtight pipe 63, and the third airtight pipe 57, there is a risk of damage due to collision of fluid such as rocks and driftwood. Therefore, for example, it is desirable to provide a filter that can remove obstacles on the entire surface. This filter may be installed in several layers to remove dust from large to small ones.

2 (b) to 2 (f) show an example of the connection relationship by the connection unit 69.

FIG. 2B shows a case where the connection is made in an airtight state. In this case, the amount of water moving in each airtight pipe depends on the elevation of the water surface of the upper end 55 of the first airtight pipe 51, the lower end 67 of the second airtight pipe 63, and the upper end 61 of the third airtight pipe 57. The direction changes.

FIG. 2C shows a case where the connection is made in an open state (not in an airtight state). In this case, the upper end 55 of the first airtight pipe 51, the lower end 67 of the second airtight pipe 63, the upper end 61 of the third airtight pipe 57, and the altitude of the water surface at the confluence, in each airtight pipe. The amount and direction of water that moves changes.

In FIG. 2D, the first airtight pipe 51 and the second airtight pipe 63 are connected in an airtight state to prevent water flowing out from the third airtight pipe 57 from entering. In this case, as in FIG. 1A, the movement of water occurs depending on the elevation of the water surface at the upper end 55 of the first airtight pipe 51 and the lower end 67 of the second airtight pipe 63.

In FIG. 2E, the first airtight pipe 51, the second airtight pipe 63, and the third airtight pipe 57 are connected in an airtight state, but water flows out from the first airtight pipe 51 and the third airtight pipe 57. Limit the amount of water to be used manually or remotely. For example, if there is a sudden rise in water level at the upper end 55 of the first airtight pipe 51 and the upper end 61 of the third airtight pipe 57, and there is a low embankment in the tributary river 45, the first airtight pipe 51 is initially The movement of water in the first airtight pipe 57 is prioritized, the movement of water in the first airtight pipe 51 is gradually relaxed, and the movement of the first airtight pipe 51 and the third airtight pipe is gradually relaxed. The balance of water movement on the road 57 can be adjusted.

In FIG. 2F, the first airtight pipe 51 and the third airtight pipe 57 are connected in an airtight state so that water does not move to the second airtight pipe 63. For example, when the water level rises sharply at the upper end 55 of the first airtight pipe 51, the water level of the river 43 rises by passing it through the upstream of the river 45 instead of flowing it directly to the river 43. You can delay the time until. The upper end 65 of the second airtight pipe 63 may be closed so that the second airtight pipe 63 is not used, and the second airtightness is made with the upper end 65 of the second airtight pipe 63 open. The pipeline 63 may be operated independently of the first airtight pipeline 51 and the third airtight pipeline 57.

The invention of the present application can contribute to the reduction of flood damage. If an airtight pipe is submerged in a river in a flood-prone area and the downstream end is installed downstream (for example, near the water surface of the estuary), the water entering from the upstream end will flow at high speed to the downstream end. It moves to the part and is released. If the moving speed of the water is set to about 10 times the moving speed of the water in the river and the cross-sectional area of the airtight pipeline is set to 0.1 times the cross-sectional area of the maximum water flow of the river, the flow rate of the airtight pipeline is set. Is the same as the flow rate of the river (= 10 × 0.1). Therefore, if the airtight pipe is installed inside the river along the river, the capacity of the airtight pipe and the flowing water from the river can be increased by about 1.9 times, and the possibility of flooding can be greatly reduced. .. In this example, an example in which the flow rate increases by about 1.9 times is shown, but a flow velocity of about 5 times can be realized. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the probability of flood occurrence and rapidly move the flooded rainwater to shorten the flood damage period and contribute to the stability of the social infrastructure.

Furthermore, if airtight pipes are installed in the water of the river at some points along the river where floods are likely to occur, the airtight pipes are installed in series downstream, for example, the airtightness of the final stage. If the downstream end of the pipeline is installed near the water surface of the river mouth, a large amount of water generated anywhere in the area where they are installed will pass through multiple airtight pipelines downstream of the pipeline and downstream of the final stage. Water can move at high speed by ejecting from the end, and the flow velocity of the river is greatly increased.

The first airtight pipe 51, the second airtight pipe 63, and the third airtight pipe 57 may be provided with a valve. With this valve, it is possible to adjust whether or not water is moved in the airtight pipe, and to adjust the amount of water to be moved. The valve may be a control plug or the like. Further, the control of the open / closed state of the valve may be automatic control, or may be remotely or manually controlled by a person. It may also be something like a one-way valve. By using valves (including control plugs), tsunami can be prevented, and when control is not required (for example, when there is little water at the upstream end or downstream end), it can be closed to secure water. can do.

A specific example of the case where the valve is provided in the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. With reference to FIG. 3A, in this example, a valve is provided at the end of the airtight pipeline near the sea. The valve prevents water from entering the airtight pipe from the sea side (closed state) and allows water in the airtight pipe to flow out to the sea side (open state). As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the airtight pipelines are installed in parallel, for example, at the estuary.

For example, when the water level is partially raised from the sea, such as when a tsunami arrives (the airtight pipe is long enough and the water level is raised compared to the length of the airtight pipe). (When is short enough), the valve is in the closed state as shown in FIG. 3 (c) to prevent water from entering from the sea side in the airtight pipeline. As shown in FIGS. 3 (d) and 3 (e), the valve is in the closed state until the raised state of the water surface reaches the end where the valve is not provided. As shown in FIG. 3 (f), when the raised state of the water surface moves to at least the end where the valve is not provided, the airtightness is due to the difference in water level between both ends of the airtight pipeline (pseudo water level difference). Since the water pressure on the sea side in the pipeline becomes low, the valve is pushed from the inside, the valve is opened, and water flows out from the airtight pipeline to the sea side. The amount of tsunami decreases by this amount of flooding. Of course, it can be applied without providing a valve. At that time, water enters the airtight pipe from the sea side and moves at high speed in the airtight pipe to the estuary side. Only the amount of water that has been moved is separated from the wave height of the tsunami, and there is a difficulty in moving in the direction of the estuary, but the wave height is low.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the configuration between two airtight pipelines installed in series. As shown in FIG. 4A, there may be a simple distance between the two airtight pipes. A movement control member that changes the movement direction of water may be provided when the direction of the central axis is different as shown in FIG. 4 (b). As shown in FIG. 4C, a plurality of movement control members may be continuously provided to reduce the movement speed while changing the movement direction.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the configuration between the three airtight pipelines. As shown in FIG. 5A, there may be a distance between the three airtight pipelines. As shown in FIG. 5B, a water amount adjusting member for adjusting the water amount and the water flow resistance may be provided. 5 (c) and 5 (d) show an example of a water amount adjusting member. For example, as shown in FIGS. 5 (c) and 5 (d), if the shape of the upstream end of the airtight pipeline on the downstream side is made into a watering can shape, the height difference can be adjusted equivalently. Further, as shown in FIG. 5C, even if a resistance device that acts as a water flow resistance is installed upstream of the upstream end of the airtight pipeline on the downstream side to guide the water flow, the flow of the inflowing water flow. The height difference can be adjusted equivalently by slowing down or speeding up. Such a member for adjusting the amount of water, etc. is designed by designing the positional relationship between the ends (the distance between them, the angle of the central axis, the area and shape of the ends, the water flow resistance device) so that water can enter appropriately. All you have to do is install those connectors on the street.

The pseudo-water level elevation value when the airtight pipeline on the downstream side enters the water depends on the amount of moving energy of the outflow of the airtight pipeline installed upstream. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the three-dimensional surface structure and its area at the end of the airtight pipeline, its orientation, and the degree of coincidence of the three-dimensional central axes among the plurality of airtight pipelines. It is possible to make the airtight pipe perform a desired operation by setting.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a connecting portion connecting a plurality of airtight pipes. FIG. 6A shows two connection ports on the upstream side and one connection port on the downstream side. Connect the airtight pipe to one of the connection ports on the upstream side, and do not connect to the other. An airtight pipeline is connected to the connection port on the downstream side. If the control plug of the connection port to which the airtight pipe is connected is opened and the control plug of the connection port to which the airtight pipe is not connected is opened, the two airtight pipes can be connected in an unairtight state. When the control plugs of the connection ports to which the airtight pipes are not connected are closed and all the control plugs of the connection ports to which the airtight pipes are connected are opened, the two airtight pipes can be connected in an airtight state. As shown in FIG. 6B, a device may be devised such as providing connection ports that do not connect the airtight pipeline so as to face each other. A plurality of connection ports may be provided on the upstream side as shown in FIGS. 6 (c) and 6 (d), and a plurality of connection ports may be provided on the downstream side as shown in FIG. 6 (e). As shown in (f), a plurality of connection ports may be provided on both the upstream side and the downstream side. The control of FIGS. 2 (b) to 2 (d) can be realized by using such a connection portion.

FIG. 7 shows an example in the case of connecting a plurality of open channels.

FIG. 7A shows a configuration in which the airtight pipeline device is initially set when the altitude value of a part of the airtight pipeline is higher than the water surface at both ends. As shown in FIG. 7, depending on the structure of the river, it is necessary to install a part of the airtight pipe through a position higher than the water surface of the river when installing the airtight pipe so as to cross the embankment, for example. There may be. In this case, if there is gas (air, etc.) in the airtight pipe, water does not flow into the airtight pipe and does not flow out. Therefore, it is necessary to make initial settings to make the airtight pipe airtight. Install a faucet and an air faucet at the highest position. Assuming that the pressure at the installation point is 1 atm, according to Bernoulli's theorem, if the difference between the height of the highest point and the height of the higher water surface is about 9 m or less, then in the airtight pipe that was initially set, then After that, the water continuously moves and spouts. The initial setting of the airtight pipe is "Close the faucets at both ends, open the faucet and air faucet at the highest point, and send water from the water inlet of the open faucet to open the air. Blow out air from the tap's air outlet and feed in until water comes out. Close the highest tap and the tap. Then open the taps at both ends and the water will come from the lower end. It is the work of "releasing". Its release rate depends on the difference between the position of the higher water surface and the elevation of the other end (or the elevation of the water surface of the open channel in which the other is installed). Normally, rivers have water, but water may run out during times of drought. Therefore, it is necessary to control the faucet at the end according to the water condition at both ends. This may be remote automatic control or manual control.

As shown in FIG. 7B, water may be allowed to move between two independent rivers using the waterway system of the present invention. Due to local rainfall, the water level may rise only in a narrow area of one river. One end of the waterway system of the present invention is provided at a location where such a local rise in water level occurs, and the other end is provided in a different river. In the steady state, the water surfaces at both ends should be installed at almost the same altitude. The water of a river with one end does not reach the position with the other end even if it moves along the river. Similarly, the water of a river with the other end does not reach the position with the other end when moving along the river. Even in such a case, when the local water level in one river rises by using the waterway system of the present invention, the pseudo water level becomes higher than the other, and the water automatically flows from the higher side to the lower side. Moving. Therefore, the risk of floods can be reduced. It should be noted that water may be moved between, for example, three or more rivers by using an airtight pipe that crosses such a river.

As shown in FIG. 7A, in the open channel where both ends of the airtight pipe are located, it is sufficient that at least the end of the airtight pipe corresponding to the higher altitude of the water surface is underwater, and the altitude of the water surface is high. The lower corresponding end may be in the water or in the air. If one end is in the water and the other end is in the air, the pseudo-water elevation of the other end in the air is equal to the elevation of the other end. Further, the other end may be always in the air and used as a water outlet in a fixed manner.

The present invention operates by the altitude of the water surface of an open channel (river or the like) at both ends of the airtight pipe, and operates between both ends independently of the position structure of the river or the like. Therefore, for example, the movement of water may be realized beyond the embankment. Further, the moving speed of water is as high as 0 to 30 m / s, but the operation start time from the operating operation depends on the transmission speed of the change in water pressure, and the water operates almost instantly from the setting. Further, the cross section of the airtight pipeline may have a shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a quadrangle, or a hexagon. The shape of the airtight pipeline from the water inlet to the water outlet may be curved in any direction in order to control the movement of water inside the airtight pipe.

1 Waterway system, 3 Bottom, 5 Waterfall, 7 Water surface, 11,1,23,51,57,63 Airtight pipe, 13,25,29 Left end, 15,27,31 Right end, 17,69 Connection, 41, 43,45 river, 53,59,67 upper end, 55,59,67 lower end, 71 fixed part

Claims (6)

A channel system in one or more open channels,
The channel system includes a first airtight pipeline and
One end and the other end of the first airtight pipe are located at the first position and the second position, respectively.
The elevation of the water surface of the open channel at the second position may be different from the elevation of the water surface of the open channel at the first position, and one end and the other end of the first airtight pipeline are the first. Of the altitude of the water surface at the position and the altitude of the water surface at the second position, the one located at least higher is present in the water of the open channel.
At the second position, the water in the open channel increased from that at the first position, and the elevation of the water surface of the open channel at the second position became higher than the elevation of the water surface of the open channel at the first position. If so, the first airtight pipeline is a water channel system in which water from the open channel flows into the other end and water flows out from the one end. The channel system further comprises a second airtight pipeline and a connection.
The connecting portion may be connected between the other end of the first airtight pipe line and one end of the second airtight pipe line in an airtight state or in a state different from the airtight state.
If the connecting portion is connected in an airtight state, water in the open channel does not flow in or out from the other end of the first airtight pipe and one end of the second airtight pipe.
If the connection portion is in a state different from the airtight state, water in the open channel may flow in or out at at least one of the other end of the first airtight pipe and one end of the second airtight pipe. , The waterway system according to claim 1. The channel system further comprises a third airtight pipeline.
The connection portion connects the other end of the first airtight pipeline, one end of the second airtight conduit, and one end of the third airtight conduit in an airtight state, or is different from the airtight state. The state can be set, two airtight pipelines can be connected in an airtight state to close one, or at least two airtight pipelines can be connected in an airtight state to narrow the part where water moves to limit the flow rate. By connecting three airtight pipelines in an airtight state and moving water between the two airtight pipelines and one airtight pipeline, the size of the part where water moves is changed to make one flow easier and the other The waterway system according to claim 2, which makes the flow difficult. The first airtight pipe is provided with a one-way valve capable of moving water from a second position to a first position and not from a first position to a second position.
With the valve, if the elevation of the water surface at the first position is higher than the elevation of the water surface at the second position, the water does not move, and if the elevation of the water surface at the second position is higher than the elevation of the water surface at the first position. The water channel system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water moves from the second position to the first position. One end and the other end of the first airtight pipe are present in the water of the first open channel and the second open channel, respectively.
The water in the first open channel at the first position does not reach the second position even if it moves according to the first open channel.
The water in the second open channel at the second position does not reach the first position even if it moves according to the second open channel.
The water channel system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein water is moved between the first open channel and the second open channel by the first airtight pipe. A channel system in multiple open channels
The water channel system includes a first airtight pipe, a second airtight pipe, and a connection portion.
The plurality of open channels include a first open channel, a second open channel, and a third open channel.
The first open channel, the second open channel, and the third open channel merge at the confluence.
The water in the first open channel and the second open channel flows toward the confluence, and the water in the third open channel flows away from the confluence.
Both ends of the first airtight pipe and the second airtight pipe exist in the first open channel and the second open channel, respectively.
If the connecting portion connects the end near the confluence of the first airtight pipe and the second airtight pipe in an airtight state, the water surface of the first open water passage at the other end of the first airtight pipe. Depending on the altitude and the altitude of the water surface of the second open waterway at the other end of the second airtight pipe, the movement of water in the first airtight pipe, the second airtight pipe and the connection point occurs.
If the end of the connecting portion near the confluence of the first airtight pipeline and the second airtight pipeline is in a state different from the airtight state, the altitude of the water surface at the confluence and the altitude of the first airtight pipeline The first airtight pipeline and the second airtight pipeline depend on the elevation of the water surface of the first open channel at the other end and the elevation of the water surface of the second open channel at the other end of the second airtight pipeline. A channel system in which the movement of water occurs in each of the.

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