JP2021167885A - Liquid crystal device and electronic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a liquid crystal device and an electronic apparatus that can appropriately retain ionic impurities on an outside of a display area.SOLUTION: In a liquid crystal device 100, since a concave part 27 is formed in a first substrate 20 on an outside of a display area E1, when a liquid crystal layer 50 is driven, ionic impurities reach an inside of the concave part 27 from the display area E1 due to a flow of liquid crystal molecules. A first alignment film 280 extending along an inner wall of the concave part 27, of an alignment film 28 formed on the first substrate 20, has a smaller water contact angle and higher hydrophilicity than a second alignment film 180 provided on the outside of the display area E1, of an alignment film 18 formed on a second substrate 10. The ionic impurities are thus adsorbed on the first alignment film 280 on the inside of the concave part 27. Consequently, even when the flow of the liquid crystal molecules LC is stopped due to stoppage of the drive of the liquid crystal layer 50, dispersion of the ionic impurities from the concave part 27 to the display area E1 due to concentration gradient is less likely to occur.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display and an electronic device.

The liquid crystal device has an element substrate and an opposing substrate bonded to the element substrate via a sealing material, and a liquid crystal layer such as a liquid crystal layer is arranged inside the sealing material. In such a liquid crystal display, an embodiment in which the water resistance of the inorganic alignment film is improved by reducing the hydrophilicity of the surfaces of the inorganic alignment film formed on the element substrate and the facing substrate has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). .. Further, Patent Document 1 describes the outer side of the display region of the element substrate for the purpose of preventing the optical modulation characteristics at the corners from being deteriorated when ionic impurities are unevenly distributed in the corners of the liquid crystal layer. A technique has been proposed in which a trap electrode is provided in a non-display region to attract ionic impurities to the outside of the display region to reduce ionic impurities in the display region. Further, when the hydrophilicity of the alignment film covering the trap electrode is low, when the application of the potential to the trap electrode is stopped, the high-concentration ionic impurities condensed in the vicinity of the trap electrode are replaced with the ionic impurities in the display region. It spreads to the display area due to the difference in density. Therefore, in Patent Document 1, of the surface of the alignment film provided on the element substrate, the surface of the portion located in the display region is lowered in hydrophilicity, while the surface of the portion located in the non-display region is highly hydrophilic. A technique for suppressing the diffusion of ionic impurities from a non-display region to a display region by maintaining the property is disclosed.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-9046

However, when the high hydrophilicity of the alignment film located in the non-display region is maintained as in the configuration described in Patent Document 1, the ionic impurities are highly adsorbed, so that the ionic impurities attracted to the trap electrode are attracted to the trap electrode. An ion layer may be formed on the surface of the alignment film, and the potential applied to the trap electrode may be shielded by the ion layer. When such shielding occurs, the trapping effect of the trap electrode is reduced. Therefore, in the conventional technique, there is a problem that ionic impurities cannot be properly retained outside the display area.

In order to solve the above problems, one aspect of the liquid crystal display according to the present invention is to provide a substrate body having a recess outside the display area and a first alignment film provided along the inner wall of the recess. A first substrate having a first alignment film and a second substrate having a second alignment film outside the display region are provided, and the first alignment film is characterized in that the water contact angle is smaller than that of the second alignment film.

Another aspect of the liquid crystal display according to the present invention is a first substrate having a substrate main body provided with a recess outside the display area, a first alignment film provided along the inner wall of the recess, and the display. A second substrate having a second alignment film on the outside of the region is provided, the first alignment film includes a surface-treated film formed by a hindered amine-based light stabilizer, and the second alignment film is trimethoxydecyl. It is characterized by containing a surface-treated film formed of silane.

The electric device to which the present invention is applied can be used for various electronic devices such as a direct-view type display device and a projection type display device. When the electronic device is a projection type display device, the projection type display device includes a light source unit that emits light supplied to the liquid crystal device and a projection optical system that projects light modulated by the liquid crystal device. doing.

Explanatory drawing which shows typically the plane structure of the liquid crystal apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. The cross-sectional view which shows typically the HH'cross section of the liquid crystal apparatus shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the electric structure of the liquid crystal apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the pixels shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the plane structure of the liquid crystal apparatus shown in FIG. The explanatory view which shows typically the cross section of A1-A1' of the liquid crystal apparatus shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing of the alignment film surface shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing of the liquid crystal display which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the plane structure of the liquid crystal apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. The explanatory view which shows typically the cross section of A2-A2' of the liquid crystal apparatus shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the plane structure of the liquid crystal apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. The explanatory view which shows typically the cross section of A3-A3' of the liquid crystal apparatus shown in FIG. The explanatory view which shows an example of the signal applied to the trap electrode shown in FIG. The schematic block diagram of the projection type display device using the liquid crystal device to which this invention was applied.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings referred to below, the parts to be described are appropriately enlarged or reduced so as to be recognizable. Further, in the following description, when the film or the like formed on the second substrate 10 is described, the upper layer means the side opposite to the substrate body 10w of the second substrate 10, and the lower layer means the side of the substrate body 10w. means. When describing the film or the like formed on the first substrate 20, the upper layer means the side of the first substrate 20 opposite to the substrate body 20w, and the lower layer means the side of the substrate body 20w. Further, the plan view means a state seen from the normal direction with respect to the second substrate 10 and the first substrate 20. Further, in the following description, as an example of the transistor, an active matrix type liquid crystal display 100 including a thin film transistor (TFT30) as a pixel switching element will be mainly described. Such a liquid crystal device 100 can be suitably used as a light modulation means (liquid crystal light bulb) of a projection type display device (liquid crystal projector) described later.

[First Embodiment]
1. 1. Overall Configuration FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a planar configuration of the liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an HH'cross section of the liquid crystal device 100 shown in FIG. The liquid crystal device 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a liquid crystal panel 110. The liquid crystal display device 100 has a first substrate 20 and a second substrate 10 facing the first substrate 20, and the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 10 are connected to each other via a frame-shaped sealing material 40. It is pasted together. A liquid crystal layer 50 is arranged inside the sealing material 40 between the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 10. The first substrate 20 has a substrate main body 20w made of a translucent substrate such as a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, and a glass substrate, and the substrate main body 20w to the alignment film 28 correspond to the first substrate 20. The second substrate 10 has a substrate main body 10w made of a translucent substrate such as a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, and a glass substrate, and the substrate main body 10w to the alignment film 18 correspond to the second substrate 10.

The second substrate 10 is larger than the first substrate 20, and the sealing material 40 is arranged along the outer edge of the first substrate 20. In the liquid crystal layer 50, the liquid crystal layer 50 is made of a liquid crystal material having positive or negative dielectric anisotropy. The sealing material 40 is made of, for example, an adhesive such as a thermosetting or ultraviolet curable epoxy resin, and includes a spacer for keeping the distance between the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 10 constant.

In the region surrounded by the sealing material 40, a pixel region E in which a plurality of pixels P are arranged in a matrix is provided, and the first substrate 20 has pixels between the sealing material 40 and the pixel region E. A parting portion 21 that surrounds the area E is provided. The parting portion 21 is formed of a light-shielding layer made of a metal, a metal oxide, or the like. Although not shown, the light-shielding layer may be configured as a black matrix that overlaps the boundary portion of adjacent pixels P with respect to the first substrate 20 in a plan view.

In the second substrate 10, a plurality of terminals 104 are arranged along one side on the side of the one surface 10s of the substrate body 10w facing the first substrate 20 on the outside of the sealing material 40, and the terminals 104. A data line drive circuit 101 is provided between the pixel region E and the pixel region E. On the side of one side 10s of the board body 10w, a scanning line drive circuit 102 is provided along each of the two sides adjacent to the side on which the terminals 104 are arranged on the outside of the pixel area E, and the terminals 104 are arranged. The inspection circuit 103 is provided along the side facing the side. On the side of one side 10s of the substrate body 10w, a plurality of wirings 105 connecting the two scanning line drive circuits 102 are provided between the sealing material 40 and the inspection circuit 103. The plurality of wirings connected to the data line driving circuit 101 and the scanning line driving circuit 102 are each connected to the plurality of terminals 104. Hereinafter, the direction in which the terminals 104 are arranged will be referred to as the X-axis direction, and the direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction will be described as the Y-axis direction. The inspection circuit 103 may be provided between the data line drive circuit 101 and the pixel area E.

On the side of one surface 10s of the substrate body 10w, a pixel electrode 15 arranged for each of a plurality of pixels P and an alignment film 18 covering the pixel electrode 15 are provided. Further, although not shown, a pixel switching element, wiring, and the like, which will be described later, are provided on the side of one surface 10s of the substrate body 10w. The pixel electrode 15 is made of a translucent conductive film such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).

In the first substrate 20, on the side of one surface 20s of the substrate body 20w facing the second substrate 10, a parting portion 21, a flattening film 22 covering the parting portion 21, and a common electrode 25 covering the flattening film 22 And an alignment film 28 that covers the common electrode 25 are provided. In a plan view, the parting portion 21 surrounds the pixel region E and overlaps with the scanning line drive circuit 102 and the inspection circuit 103. Therefore, by blocking the light that is about to enter the scanning line drive circuit 102 or the like from the first substrate 20 side, a malfunction due to the light is prevented. Further, the parting portion 21 prevents unnecessary stray light from entering the pixel region E and enhances the contrast of the displayed image. The flattening film 22 is made of an inorganic material such as silicon oxide. The common electrode 25 is made of a translucent conductive film such as ITO, and is electrically connected to a vertical conductive portion 106 provided between the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 10. The vertical conduction portion 106 is electrically connected to the terminal 104 via wiring provided on the second substrate 10.

The alignment films 18 and 28 are selected based on the optical design of the liquid crystal display 100. In the present embodiment, the alignment films 18 and 28 are composed of an inorganic alignment film containing an inorganic material such as _{SiO x (silicon oxide) formed by the vapor phase growth method, and liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy are formed.} Align approximately vertically.

The liquid crystal device 100 of the present embodiment is a transmissive type, and transmits the pixels P in a state where no voltage is applied according to the optical design of the polarizing elements arranged on the incident side and the outgoing side of the light with respect to the liquid crystal panel 110. It is configured as a liquid crystal display in a normally white mode in which the rate is maximized and a normally black mode in which the transmittance of the pixel P is minimized when no voltage is applied. In this embodiment, an inorganic alignment film is used as the alignment film 18 and the alignment film 28, and a liquid crystal material having negative dielectric anisotropy is used for the liquid crystal layer 50, whereby the optical design of the normally black mode is applied. An example will be mainly described.

2. Electrical Configuration FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an electrical configuration of the liquid crystal display 100 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the liquid crystal display 100 has a plurality of scanning lines 3a extending in the X-axis direction and a plurality of data lines 6a extending in the Y-axis direction at least in the pixel region E. The scanning line 3a and the data line 6a are in a state of being insulated from each other on the second substrate 10. In the present embodiment, the second substrate 10 has a capacitance line 3b extending along the data line 6a. Further, pixels P are provided corresponding to each intersection of the plurality of scanning lines 3a and the plurality of data lines 6a. Each of the plurality of pixels P includes a pixel electrode 15, a TFT 30, and a storage capacity 16. The scan line 3a is electrically connected to the gate of the TFT 30 and the data line 6a is electrically connected to the source of the TFT 30. The pixel electrode 15 is electrically connected to the drain of the TFT 30.

The data line 6a is connected to the data line drive circuit 101 shown in FIG. 1, and supplies image signals D1, D2, ..., Dn supplied from the data line drive circuit 101 to each pixel P. The scanning line 3a is connected to the scanning line driving circuit 102 shown in FIG. 1, and the scanning signals SC1, SC2, ..., SCm supplied from the scanning line driving circuit 102 are sequentially supplied to each pixel P. The image signals D1 to Dn supplied from the data line drive circuit 101 to the data lines 6a may be supplied in line order in this order, or may be supplied in groups to a plurality of data lines 6a adjacent to each other. good. The scanning line driving circuit 102 supplies the scanning signals SC1 to SCm to the scanning line 3a in a line sequence at a predetermined timing.

In the liquid crystal display 100, the image signals D1 to Dn supplied from the data line 6a are written to the pixel electrode 15 at a predetermined timing during the period in which the TFT 30 which is a switching element is turned on by the input of the scanning signals SC1 to SCm. The image signals D1 to Dn of a predetermined level written on the liquid crystal layer 50 via the pixel electrode 15 are held between the pixel electrode 15 and the common electrodes 25 arranged opposite to each other via the liquid crystal layer 50 for a certain period of time. The frequencies of the image signals D1 to Dn are, for example, 60 Hz. In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal capacitance formed between the pixel electrode 15 and the common electrode 25 in order to prevent the image signals D1 to Dn held between the pixel electrode 15 and the liquid crystal layer 50 from leaking. The storage capacity 16 is connected in parallel with. The storage capacity 16 is provided between the drain of the TFT 30 and the capacity line 3b.

A data line 6a is connected to the inspection circuit 103 shown in FIG. 1, and is used for confirming an operation defect or the like of the liquid crystal device 100 by detecting the image signal in the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal device 100. Therefore, in FIG. 3, the inspection circuit 103 is not shown. Note that FIG. 1 shows a data line drive circuit 101, a scanning line drive circuit 102, and an inspection circuit 103 as peripheral circuits formed outside the pixel region E. As peripheral circuits, the above image signal is used. A sampling circuit that samples and supplies the data line 6a, a precharge circuit that supplies a precharge signal of a predetermined potential level to the data line 6a in advance of the image signals D1 to Dn, and the like may be provided.

3. 3. Configuration of Pixel P FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of pixel P shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, in the second substrate 10, a scanning line 3a is formed on one surface 10s of the substrate body 10w. The scanning line 3a is composed of a light-shielding layer such as Al (aluminum), Ti (titanium), Cr (chromium), W (tungsten), Ta (tantalum), Mo (molybdenum) and the like.

A first insulating film 11a made of silicon oxide or the like is formed on the upper layer of the scanning line 3a, and a semiconductor layer 30a is formed on the upper layer of the first insulating film 11a. The semiconductor layer 30a is made of a polycrystalline silicon film. The semiconductor layer 30a is covered with a second insulating film 11b as a gate insulating film made of silicon oxide or the like, and a gate electrode 30g electrically connected to the scanning line 3a is formed on the upper layer of the second insulating film 11b. It is formed.

A third insulating film 11c made of silicon oxide or the like is formed on the upper layer of the gate electrode 30 g, and the second insulating film 11b and the third insulating film 11c are contacts that reach the source region and the drain region of the semiconductor layer 30a. Holes CNT1 and CNT2 are formed. On the upper layer of the third insulating film 11c, a data line 6a connected to the semiconductor layer 30a via the contact holes CNT1 and CNT2, and a first relay electrode 6b are formed. The TFT 30 is configured in this way. In the present embodiment, the TFT 30 has an LDD (Lightly Doped Drain) structure.

A first interlayer insulating film 12a made of silicon oxide or the like is formed on the upper layer side of the data line 6a and the first relay electrode 6b. The surface of the first interlayer insulating film 12a is flattened by a chemical mechanical polishing treatment (CMP treatment) or the like. A contact hole CNT3 reaching the first relay electrode 6b is formed in the first interlayer insulating film 12a, and a first relay is formed in the upper layer of the first interlayer insulating film 12a via the wiring 7a and the contact hole CNT3. A second relay electrode 7b electrically connected to the electrode 6b is formed. The wiring 7a is formed so as to overlap the semiconductor layer 30a and the data line 6a of the TFT 30 in a plan view, and functions as a shield layer to which a fixed potential is applied.

A second interlayer insulating film 13a made of silicon oxide or the like is formed on the upper layer side of the wiring 7a and the second relay electrode 7b. The surface of the second interlayer insulating film 13a is flattened by CMP treatment or the like. A contact hole CNT4 that reaches the second relay electrode 7b is formed in the second interlayer insulating film 13a. A first capacitance electrode 16a and a third relay electrode 16d are formed on the upper layer of the second interlayer insulating film 13a by a light-shielding metal or the like. The first capacitance electrode 16a is a capacitance line 3b formed so as to straddle a plurality of pixels P, and a fixed potential is supplied. An insulating film 13b is formed on the upper layers of the first capacitance electrode 16a and the third relay electrode 16d so as to cover the outer edge of the first capacitance electrode 16a, the outer edge of the third relay electrode 16d, and the like. A dielectric layer 16b is formed on the upper layer side of the first capacitance electrode 16a and the insulating film 13b. The dielectric layer 16b is made of a silicon nitride film, hafnium oxide (HfO ₂ ), alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), tantalum oxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), or the like. A second capacitance electrode 16c made of titanium nitride (TiN) or the like is formed on the upper layer of the dielectric layer 16b, and the storage capacitance 16 is formed by the first capacitance electrode 16a, the dielectric layer 16b, and the second capacitance electrode 16c. NS. The second capacitance electrode 16c is electrically connected to the third relay electrode 16d via the removed portion of the dielectric layer 16b and the insulating film 13b.

A third interlayer insulating film 14a made of silicon oxide or the like is formed on the upper layer side of the second capacitance electrode 16c, and the surface of the third interlayer insulating film 14a is flattened by CMP treatment or the like. A contact hole CNT5 that reaches the second capacitance electrode 16c is formed in the third interlayer insulating film 14a. A pixel electrode 15 made of a translucent conductive film such as ITO is formed on the upper layer of the third interlayer insulating film 14a, and the pixel electrode 15 is electrically connected to the second capacitance electrode 16c via the contact hole CNT5. There is.

In the liquid crystal display 100 configured as described above, a plurality of wirings are formed on the second substrate 10, and the wiring portion is represented by using a code of an insulating film or an interlayer insulating film that insulates the wirings. For example, a typical wiring of the wiring unit 11 is a scanning line 3a. A typical wiring of the wiring unit 12 is a data line 6a. A typical wiring of the wiring unit 13 is wiring 7a. A typical wiring of the wiring unit 14 is a capacitance line 3b as the first capacitance electrode 16a.

4. Composition of the liquid crystal layer 50 and the like The alignment films 18 and 28 are inorganic alignment films and include an aggregate of columns 18c and 28c grown in columns by obliquely vapor-depositing an inorganic material such as silicon oxide. Therefore, in the liquid crystal layer 50, the liquid crystal molecule LC has a pretilt angle θp of 3 ° to 5 ° with respect to the normal direction with respect to the second substrate 10 and the first substrate 20, and is generally vertically oriented (VA; Vertical). Align). When a drive signal is applied between the pixel electrode 15 and the common electrode 25, the liquid crystal molecule LC has a tilt that changes depending on the direction of the electric field generated between the pixel electrode 15 and the common electrode 25.

In FIG. 1, the oblique vapor deposition direction when the alignment film 18 is formed on the second substrate 10 is, for example, the direction indicated by the arrow C1 of the broken line, and is the direction forming an angle θa in the Y-axis direction. The oblique vapor deposition direction when the alignment film 28 is formed on the first substrate 20 is, for example, the direction indicated by the solid arrow C2, and is a direction forming an angle θa in the Y-axis direction. The orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecule LC is defined by the vapor deposition direction. The angle θa is, for example, 45 degrees. The orientation of the oblique vapor deposition when the alignment film 18 is formed on the second substrate 10 is opposite to the orientation of the oblique vapor deposition when the alignment film 28 is formed on the first substrate 20.

5. Explanation of Pixel Region E and the like FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a planar configuration of the liquid crystal device 100 shown in FIG. 1, and is an explanatory diagram of an region where the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 10 overlap. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view schematically showing a cross section of A1-A1'of the liquid crystal device 100 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in the pixel region E of the liquid crystal device 100, a plurality of pixels P are arranged in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and each of the plurality of pixels P is electrically connected to the TFT 30. It has a pixel electrode 15. The pixel P and the pixel electrode 15 have the same planar shape, size, arrangement pitch, and the like.

The pixel area E has a display area E1 in which display pixels P0 that directly contribute to the display of the image among the plurality of pixels P are arranged, and around the display area E1, of the plurality of pixels P, the image It has a dummy pixel region E2 having a plurality of dummy pixel DPs that do not directly contribute to the display. In the following description, among the plurality of pixel electrodes 15, the pixel electrode 15 provided on the display pixel P0 is referred to as the effective pixel electrode 150, and the pixel electrode 15 provided on the dummy pixel DP is referred to as the dummy pixel electrode 151. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, two dummy pixel DPs are arranged in the dummy pixel area E2 with the display area E1 sandwiched in the X-axis direction, and two dummy pixel DPs are arranged in the dummy pixel area E2 with the display area E1 sandwiched in the Y-axis direction. However, the number of dummy pixel DPs arranged in the dummy pixel area E2 is not limited to this, and at least one dummy pixel DP is arranged across the display area E1 in each of the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. It suffices if it is done. Further, the number may be three or more, and the number of arrangements in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction may be different.

In the present embodiment, the dummy pixel region E2 is made to function as the electronic parting section 120. More specifically, each of the dummy pixel electrodes 151 is electrically connected to the TFT 30 provided on the lower layer side, and when the liquid crystal device 100 is in the normally black mode, the display state of the pixel P in the display area E1 is displayed. Regardless, an AC potential is always applied to the extent that the transmittance of the dummy pixel DP does not change. Therefore, the entire area of the electronic parting section 120 is displayed in black. Since the parting portion 21 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 is located between the sealing material 40 and the dummy pixel region E2, the electronic parting portion 120 composed of the dummy pixel region E2 is together with the parting portion 21. , It functions as a parting line that does not depend on ON / OFF of the liquid crystal device 100.

6. Recession on the outside of the display area E1 As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in the substrate body 20w of the first substrate 20, the recess 27 on the outside of the display area E1 makes the liquid crystal layer 50 thicker than the display area E1. Is formed. In the present embodiment, in the substrate main body 20w, the recess 27 is formed between the pixel region E and the sealing material 40. More specifically, in the one surface 20s of the substrate body 20w of the first substrate 20, the outer peripheral region E3 sandwiched between the pixel region E and the sealing material 40 has a recess 27 recessed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal layer 50. The thickness d1 of the liquid crystal layer 50 in the region where the recess 27 is formed is thicker than the thickness d0 of the liquid crystal layer 50 in the display region E1 where the recess 27 is not formed. The depth of the recess 27 is about 50 μm. The recess 27 is at least two corners 40a and 40b of the sealing material 40 located in the direction along the directions indicated by arrows C1 and C2 in FIG. 1 and pixels located inside the corners 40a and 40b in a plan view. It is formed between the corners Ea and Eb of the region E. In the present embodiment, the recess 27 is formed in a rectangular frame shape so as to surround the display area E1.

7. Water contact angle of the alignment films 18 and 28 FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the surfaces of the alignment films 18 and 28 shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the alignment film 18 includes a column 18c and a surface treatment film 181, and the alignment film 28 includes a column 28c and a surface treatment film 281. _{SiO X} constituting the columns 18c and 28c of the alignment films 18 and 28 shown in FIG. 4 has an unbonded Si atom (dangling bond) and a dimer structure (Si—Si bond) in which Si atoms are bonded to each other. As shown in the upper part of FIG. 7, such unbonded hands of Si atoms that are present are likely to be terminated by silanol groups (-Si-OH) by reaction with water in the atmosphere or water in the liquid crystal layer 50. Here, the silanol group has high reactivity and easily reacts with the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer 50. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 7, the surfaces of the columns 18c and 28c of the alignment films 18 and 28 are surface-treated with a silane coupling agent such as organic siloxane, and the surface is surfaced on the hydroxyl group (−OH) portion. The treated membranes 181 and 281 are bonded together.

More specifically, in the silane coupling agent, silanol (Si-OH) is produced by hydrolysis, and then silanols are gradually condensed to form a siloxane bond (Si-O-Si) to form a surface treatment film. It forms 181 and 281. In addition, the silane coupling agent reacts with the surface of the inorganic oxide by a mechanism similar to that of the surface of the inorganic oxide to form a strong covalent bond with the surface of the inorganic oxide. Therefore, a hydrophobic surface-treated film 281 is provided on the surface of the column 28c of the alignment film 28, and a hydrophobic surface-treated film 181 is provided on the surface of the column 18c of the alignment film 18. Therefore, contact between the silanol groups on the surfaces of the columns 18c and 28c of the alignment films 18 and 28 and the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer 50 is suppressed. Therefore, a photochemical reaction is unlikely to occur between the silanol groups on the surfaces of the columns 18c and 28c and the liquid crystal material.

Examples of the silane coupling agent include trimethoxyhexylsilane, triethoxyhexylsilane, trimethoxyoctylcissilane, triethoxyoctylsilane, trimethoxydecylsilane, and triethoxydecylsilane. In the present embodiment, trimethoxydecylsilane is used as the silane coupling agent, and trimethoxydecylsilane has a decyl group as a hydrophobic functional group. Further, the silane coupling agent may have a fluorine atom.

Further, since the surface-treated films 181 and 281 are hydrophobic, the contact angle with water is large. Therefore, the surface-treated films 181 and 281 have low ion adsorption properties. Therefore, the surface treatment films 181, 281 can suppress the adsorption of ionic impurities on the surfaces of the columns 18c and 28c of the alignment films 18 and 28.

Here, the alignment film 18 is entirely surface-treated with a silane coupling agent to form a surface-treated film 181, and both the display region E1 and the outside of the display region E1 have hydrophobicity. On the other hand, in the alignment film 28, the portion formed in the pixel region E including the display region E1 has the surface treatment film 281 formed by the surface treatment with the silane coupling agent. The portion formed along the inner wall of the outer recess 27 has not been surface-treated with a silane coupling agent, and the surface-treated film 281 does not exist. Therefore, the portion of the alignment film 28 located in the display region E1 is hydrophobic, while the first alignment film 280 provided outside the display region E1 along the inner wall of the recess 27 is hydrophilic. Have.

Therefore, in the alignment film 28, the first alignment film 280 provided outside the display region E1 along the inner wall of the recess 27 is the second alignment film 18 provided outside the display region E1. The water contact angle is smaller than that of the membrane 180, and the hydrophilicity is high.

Of the alignment film 28, the configuration in which the water contact angle of the first alignment film 280 provided along the inner wall of the recess 27 on the outside of the display region E1 is reduced is, for example, surface-treated by surface treatment with a silane coupling agent. Realized by forming the film 281 on the entire alignment film 28 and then irradiating the inner wall of the recess 27 with excimer UV to decompose or remove the surface-treated film 181 formed along the inner wall of the recess 27. can.

8. Main effects of the present embodiment As described above, in the liquid crystal display 100 of the present embodiment, the first substrate 20 has a recess 27 formed on the outside of the display area E1. Therefore, when the liquid crystal layer 50 is driven, the liquid crystal molecule LC vibrates as shown by the arrow B in FIG. 4, and the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC is generated in the diagonal vapor deposition direction shown by the arrows C1 and C2 shown in FIG. The ionic impurities mixed during the liquid crystal injection and the ionic impurities present in the liquid crystal layer 50 due to elution from the sealing material 40 are located diagonally to the pixel region E along the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC2. It moves toward the two corners Ea and Eb and reaches the inside of the recess 27. Further, the ionic impurities that have reached the inside of the recess 27 stay in the recess 27. Therefore, it is unlikely that ionic impurities gather at the corners Ea and Eb of the pixel region E at a high concentration, so that the insulation resistance of the liquid crystal layer 50 is lowered at the corners Ea and Eb to lower the drive potential. The situation is unlikely to occur. Therefore, in the corners Ea and Eb, display unevenness due to ionic impurities and a burn-in phenomenon due to energization are unlikely to occur.

Further, the first alignment film 280 provided along the inner wall of the recess 27 on the outside of the display region E1 of the alignment film 28 is the second orientation provided on the outside of the display region E1 of the alignment film 18. The water contact angle is smaller than that of the membrane 180, and the hydrophilicity is high. Therefore, the ionic impurities that have moved to the outside of the display region E1 along the surface of the first substrate 20 and the surface of the second substrate 10 by the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC are the first alignment film inside the recess 27. It is adsorbed on 280. Therefore, even when the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC is stopped because the driving of the liquid crystal layer 50 is stopped, the diffusion of the ionic impurities from the recess 27 to the display region E1 due to the concentration gradient is unlikely to occur, so that the ionic impurities become ionic impurities. Display unevenness and seizure phenomenon due to energization are less likely to occur.

Further, since the recess 27 is formed on the outside of the display area E1, the volume of the liquid crystal layer 50 arranged between the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 10 can be made larger than that in the case where the recess 27 is not formed. Therefore, since the concentration of the ionic impurities that have moved to the outside of the display region E1 can be reduced, diffusion of the ionic impurities from the recess 27 due to the concentration gradient to the display region E1 is unlikely to occur.

Furthermore, the alignment films 18 and 28 provided in the pixel region E are imparted with hydrophobicity by the surface treatment films 181, 281 on the surface, and contact with the liquid crystal layer 50 is suppressed. Therefore, since a photochemical reaction is unlikely to occur between the silanol groups of the alignment films 18 and 28 and the liquid crystal material, impurities are unlikely to be generated. Further, since the surface treatment films 181, 281 suppress the adsorption of ionic impurities on the surfaces of the alignment films 18 and 28, the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC makes it easy to move the ionic impurities to the outside of the pixel region E.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the liquid crystal display 100 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 schematically shows an A1-A1'cross section of the liquid crystal device 100 shown in FIG. 5, as in FIG. Since the basic configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, the common parts are designated by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In the liquid crystal apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 8, as in the first embodiment, the first alignment film 280 provided along the inner wall of the recess 27 outside the display region E1 is the alignment film 18 of the alignment film 28. Of these, ionic impurities are more likely to be trapped than the second alignment film 180 provided outside the display region E1.

In order to realize such a configuration, the surface of the column 28c constituting the first alignment film 280 is first surface-treated with the first organic silane, and the surface of the column 18c constituting the second alignment film 180 is treated with the second organic silane. A second surface treatment has been performed. For example, the second organic silane is trimethoxydecylsilane, and the first organic silane is a chemical species having a function of selectively trapping radicals and ionic impurities in the liquid crystal layer 50 as compared with the second organic silane (for example). , Hindered amine-based light stabilizer). More specifically, the first organic silane is an organic silane containing a photostabilizing group composed of a hindered amine-based light stabilizing group and the like, and functions as a hindered amine-based light stabilizer.

Further, the surface of the column 28c constituting the alignment film 28 of the display region E1 is surface-treated with trimethoxydecylsilane as the second organic silane. The entire surface of the column 18c constituting the alignment film 18 is surface-treated with trimethoxydecylsilane as a second organic silane, including the second alignment film 180. Therefore, the surface treatment film 287 formed of trimethoxydecylsilane is formed on the surface of the portion of the alignment film 28 formed in the display region E1, and the first one formed outside the display region E1. A first surface-treated film 286 formed of a hindered amine-based light stabilizer is formed on the surface of the alignment film 280. Further, a second surface-treated film 187 with trimethoxydecylsilane is formed on the entire surface of the alignment film 18 including the second alignment film 180.

Even in this configuration, the ionic impurities retained in the recess 27 are adsorbed on the first alignment film 280. Therefore, since the diffusion of ionic impurities from the outside of the display region E1 to the display region E1 is unlikely to occur, display unevenness due to the ionic impurities and the burn-in phenomenon due to energization are unlikely to occur, as in the first embodiment. It has a great effect.

In manufacturing the liquid crystal display 100 of the present embodiment, first, a column 28c is formed on the first substrate 20, and then the entire alignment film 28 is surface-treated with the first organic silane to form the first surface-treated film 286. Form. Next, excimer UV irradiation is performed on a region other than the recess 27, and the first surface treatment film 286 is decomposed or removed in the region other than the recess 27. Next, surface treatment with the second organic silane is performed to form a surface treatment film 287 in a region other than the recess 27. At that time, since the first surface treatment film 286 has already been formed in the region corresponding to the recess 27, when the surface treatment with the second organic silane is performed, the surface treatment film 287 is formed in the region corresponding to the recess 27. Is not formed, and only the first surface treatment film 286 is formed in the region corresponding to the recess 27. On the other hand, in the second substrate 10, after the column 18c is formed, the surface treatment with the second organic silane is performed to form the second surface treatment film 187 on the entire alignment film 18 including the second alignment film 180.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a planar configuration of the liquid crystal display 100 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 shows a region where the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 10 overlap. FIG. 10 is an explanatory view schematically showing a cross section of A2-A2'of the liquid crystal device 100 shown in FIG. Since the basic configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, the common parts are designated by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the outer peripheral region sandwiched between the pixel region E and the sealing material 40 on one surface 20s of the substrate body 20w of the first substrate 20. The E3 is provided with a recess 27 recessed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal layer 50. The recess 27 is formed at least outside the corners Ea and Eb of the pixel region E in a plan view. In the present embodiment, the recess 27 is formed in a rectangular frame shape so as to surround the display area E1. Further, the first alignment film 280 provided along the inner wall of the recess 27 on the outside of the display region E1 of the alignment film 28 is the second orientation provided on the outside of the display region E1 of the alignment film 18. The water contact angle is smaller than that of the membrane 180, and the hydrophilicity is high.

In the present embodiment, a trap electrode 130 that attracts ionic impurities in the pixel region E to the outside of the pixel region E is provided outside the pixel region E of the second substrate 10. In the present embodiment, the trap electrode 130 is composed of an electrode 135 to which a constant potential is applied, and a positive DC potential of, for example, + 1.5 V is applied to the electrode 135. Therefore, the negative ionic impurities in the pixel region E are attracted to the trap electrode 130 by the transverse electric field generated between the electrode 135 and the dummy pixel electrode 151 provided in the dummy pixel DP. The electrode 135 is provided in a region that overlaps the recess 27 in a plan view.

Here, the electrodes 135 are provided at least between the two corner portions Ea and Eb in the diagonal direction of the pixel region E and the two corner portions 40a and 40b in the diagonal direction of the sealing material 40. ing. In the present embodiment, the electrode 135 is formed in a frame shape surrounding the pixel region E. A negative DC potential may be applied to the electrode 135 with the common electrode 25.

According to such an aspect, in addition to the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC when the liquid crystal layer 50 is driven, the ionic impurities are removed from the recess 27 by the transverse electric field generated between the electrode 135 and the dummy pixel electrode 151. Reach the inside. Further, the ionic impurities that have reached the inside of the recess 27 stay in the recess 27. Further, in the alignment film 28, the first alignment film 280 provided on the outside of the display region E1 along the inner wall of the recess 27 is the second alignment film 280 provided on the outside of the display region E1 in the alignment film 18. Since the water contact angle is smaller and the hydrophilicity is higher than that of the film 180, the ionic impurities are adsorbed on the first alignment film 280. Therefore, even when the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC is stopped because the driving of the liquid crystal layer 50 is stopped, or when the generation of the transverse electric field by the electrode 135 is stopped, the display area E1 is displayed from the outside of the display area E1 due to the concentration gradient. Since diffusion of ionic impurities to the surface is unlikely to occur, display unevenness due to ionic impurities and seizure phenomenon due to energization are unlikely to occur, and the same effects as those of the first embodiment are obtained.

Further, the second alignment film 180 covering the electrode 135 has low hydrophilicity and therefore has low ion adsorption property. Therefore, it is unlikely that the ionic impurities attracted to the electrode 135 are adsorbed on the second alignment film 180 to form an ionic layer. Therefore, since it is unlikely that the potential applied to the electrode 135 is shielded by the ion layer, the electrode 135 tends to attract ionic impurities contained in the liquid crystal layer 50 of the pixel region E.

Furthermore, the alignment films 18 and 28 provided in the pixel region E are imparted with hydrophobicity by the surface treatment films 181, 281 on the surface, and the adsorption of ionic impurities is suppressed. Therefore, the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC and the transverse electrolysis formed by the electrode 135 make it easy to move the ionic impurities to the outside of the pixel region E.

In this embodiment, the trap electrode 130 is provided in the first embodiment, but the trap electrode 130 may be provided in the second embodiment.

[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a planar configuration of the liquid crystal display 100 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 shows a region where the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 10 overlap. FIG. 12 is an explanatory view schematically showing a cross section of A3-A3'of the liquid crystal device 100 shown in FIG. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a signal applied to the trap electrode 130 shown in FIG. Since the basic configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment and the third embodiment, the common parts are designated by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the outer peripheral region sandwiched between the pixel region E and the sealing material 40 on one surface 20s of the substrate body 20w of the first substrate 20. The E3 is provided with a recess 27 recessed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal layer 50. The recess 27 is formed at least outside the corners Ea and Eb of the pixel region E in a plan view. In the present embodiment, the recess 27 is formed in a rectangular frame shape so as to surround the display area E1. Further, the first alignment film 280 provided along the inner wall of the recess 27 on the outside of the display region E1 of the alignment film 28 is the second orientation provided on the outside of the display region E1 of the alignment film 18. The water contact angle is smaller than that of the membrane 180, and the hydrophilicity is high.

In the present embodiment, as in the third embodiment, a trap electrode 130 that attracts ionic impurities in the pixel region E to the outside of the pixel region E is provided outside the pixel region E of the second substrate 10. In the present embodiment, the first signal Va is supplied to the second substrate 10 of the liquid crystal device 100 as the trap electrode 130 in the region sandwiched between the pixel region E and the sealing material 40 in a plan view. And a second electrode 132 to which a second signal Vb having a phase different from that of the first signal Va is supplied in a region sandwiched between the first electrode 131 and the sealing material 40 in a plan view is provided. Further, the second substrate 10 is supplied with a third signal Vc having a phase different from that of the first signal Va and the second signal Vb in a region sandwiched between the second electrode 132 and the sealing material 40 in a plan view. The electrode 133 is provided. The first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 are provided in a region that overlaps the recess 27 in a plan view.

Here, the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 have two corner portions Ea and Eb in the diagonal direction of the pixel region E and two corner portions in the diagonal direction of the sealing material 40. It is provided in each of 40a and 40b. In the present embodiment, the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 are formed in a frame shape surrounding the pixel region E.

In the present embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, the first signal Va supplied to the first electrode 131 is transferred to the second electrode 132 before the transition from the positive electrode property (+) to the negative electrode property (−). The supplied second signal Vb transitions from the negative electrode property (−) to the positive electrode property (+). Further, before the second signal Vb transitions from the positive electrode property (+) to the negative electrode property (-), the third signal Vc applied to the third electrode 133 transitions from the negative electrode property (-) to the positive electrode property (+). do. Further, before the first signal Va applied to the first electrode 131 transitions from the negative electrode property (−) to the positive electrode property (+), the second signal Vb applied to the second electrode 132 has the positive electrode property (+). Transition from to negative electrode (-). Further, before the second signal Vb transitions from the negative electrode property (−) to the positive electrode property (+), the third signal Vc applied to the third electrode 133 transitions from the positive electrode property (+) to the negative electrode property (−). do.

Here, the second signal Vb given to the second electrode 132 is delayed by Δt time on the time axis t with respect to the first signal Va given to the first electrode 131. Similarly, the third signal Vc given to the third electrode 133 is delayed by Δt time on the time axis t with respect to the second signal Vb given to the second electrode 132. For example, assuming that the Δt time is 1/3 cycle, the AC signals given to each of the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 are out of phase with each other by 1/3 cycle. In other words, the maximum phase shift amount Δt at which the potentials of the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 are out of phase with each other is the number n of electrodes in one cycle of the AC signal. The value is divided.

The rectangular wave AC signal shown in FIG. 13 transitions between a high potential (5V) and a low potential (-5V) with the reference potential set to 0V, and has a reference potential, a high potential, and a low potential. The settings are not limited to this.

According to this configuration, when the first signal Va supplied to the first electrode 131 has a positive electrode property (+) of 5V from time t0 to time t1 shown in FIG. 13, the second electrode adjacent to the first electrode 131 The second signal Vb supplied to 132 has a negative electrode property of −5 V. Therefore, an electric field from the first electrode 131 to the second electrode 132 is generated between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132. Further, when the second signal Vb supplied to the second electrode 132 has a positive electrode property (+) of 5 V from time t1 to time t2, the third potential supplied to the third electrode 133 adjacent to the second electrode 132. Is a negative electrode property (-) of -5V. Therefore, an electric field from the second electrode 132 to the third electrode 133 is generated between the second electrode 132 and the third electrode 133.

Further, when the third signal Vc supplied to the third electrode 133 has a positive electrode property (+) of 5 V from time t2 to time t3, the second signal supplied to the second electrode 132 adjacent to the third electrode 133 Vb transitions from a positive electrode property (+) of 5 V to a negative electrode property (−) of −5. Therefore, within the time corresponding to one cycle of the AC signal from time t0 to time t3, the distribution of the electric field between the electrodes of the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 is changed from the first electrode 131 to the first electrode 131. It is time-scrolled to the three electrodes 133.

Here, the ionic impurities may have a positive electrode property (+) and a negative electrode property (−), but correspond to the polarity of the first potential of the first electrode 131. Positive (+) or negative (−) ionic impurities will be attracted to the first electrode 131. If the ionic impurities attracted to the first electrode 131 are retained as they are, the ionic impurities are gradually accumulated and may affect the display of the electron parting portion 120 and the display area E1, so that the first electrode The ionic impurities attracted to 131 are sequentially moved to the second electrode 132 and the third electrode 133. That is, the positive electrode (+) or negative electrode (−) ionic impurities attracted to the first electrode 131 can be moved to the third electrode 133 via the second electrode 132. Therefore, the ionic impurities are swept from the dummy pixel region E2 to the outer peripheral region E3 provided with the parting portion 21 as the ionic impurities move from the first electrode 131 to the third electrode 133 in the electric field direction. Such an operation may be performed during either the period during which the image is displayed or the period during which the display of the image is paused.

In order to ensure that the ionic impurities are swept to the third electrode 133 as the electric field scrolls, the frequency of the AC signal is determined in consideration of the moving speed of the ionic impurities. The AC signal applied to the trap electrode 130 is not limited to the rectangular wave AC signal shown in FIG. For example, in the rectangular wave AC signal of FIG. 13, the time when the potential is positive (+) and the time when the potential is negative (−) are the same, but for example, from the time when the potential is positive (+). The AC signal may be set so that the time when the potential is negative (−) is longer. Further, the AC signal of the rectangular wave may be oscillated between the potentials of two values of 5V and -5V, but the waveform may be set so as to transition between different potentials of three or more values. Further, the AC signal applied to each of the trap electrodes may be a sine wave whose phase is different from each other within the time of one cycle.

According to such an embodiment, in addition to the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC when the liquid crystal layer 50 is driven, the electric field generated between the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 causes ionicity. Impurities reach the inside of the recess 27. Further, the ionic impurities that have reached the inside of the recess 27 stay in the recess 27. Further, in the alignment film 28, the first alignment film 280 provided on the outside of the display region E1 along the inner wall of the recess 27 is the second alignment film 280 provided on the outside of the display region E1 in the alignment film 18. Since the water contact angle is smaller and the hydrophilicity is higher than that of the film 180, the ionic impurities are adsorbed on the first alignment film 280. Therefore, when the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC is stopped because the driving of the liquid crystal layer 50 is stopped, or when the generation of the transverse electric field between the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 is stopped. However, since the diffusion of ionic impurities from the outside of the display region E1 due to the concentration gradient to the display region E1 is unlikely to occur, display unevenness due to ionic impurities and the seizure phenomenon due to energization are unlikely to occur. It has the same effect as that of the embodiment.

Further, the second alignment film 180 covering the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 has low hydrophilicity and therefore has low ion adsorption property. Therefore, it is unlikely that the ionic impurities attracted to the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 are adsorbed on the second alignment film 180 to form an ionic layer. Therefore, it is unlikely that the potential applied to the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 is shielded by the ion layer, so that the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode are unlikely to occur. 133 tends to attract ionic impurities contained in the liquid crystal layer 50 of the pixel region E.

Furthermore, the alignment films 18 and 28 provided in the pixel region E are imparted with hydrophobicity by the surface treatment films 181, 281 on the surface, and the adsorption of ionic impurities is suppressed. Therefore, the flow of the liquid crystal molecule LC and the electrolysis formed by the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the third electrode 133 make it easy to move the ionic impurities to the outside of the pixel region E.

Further, in the present embodiment, the common electrode 25 is not provided in the region overlapping the ion trap electrode 130. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the horizontal electric field formed by the ion trap electrode 130 from being weakened by the potential of the common electrode 25. Therefore, ionic impurities can be efficiently swept away. In the case of such a configuration, the common electrode 25 is formed on the entire surface of the first substrate 20 except for the inside of the recess 27. Even in this case, as shown in FIG. 12, a transparent conductive layer 25a connected to the common electrode 25 inside the recess 27 is provided outside the recess 27 in the first substrate 20. Therefore, the common electrode 25 can be electrically connected to the wiring provided on the second substrate 10 via the vertical conductive portion 106 provided on the outside of the sealing material 40. In this embodiment, the trap electrode 130 is provided in the first embodiment, but the trap electrode 130 may be provided in the second embodiment. Further, in the present embodiment, the trap electrode 130 has three electrodes, but the trap electrode 130 may have two electrodes or four or more electrodes. Further, in the trap electrode 130, an AC signal may be applied between the two electrodes.

[Other Embodiments]
In the above embodiment, the pixel electrode 15 is formed on the second substrate 10 and the common electrode 25 is formed on the first substrate 20, but the common electrode 25 is formed on the second substrate 10 and the pixel electrode 15 is the first. The present invention may be applied when it is formed on the substrate 20. That is, the recess 27 may be formed on the substrate on which the pixel electrode 15 is formed. Further, the present invention may be applied when both the pixel electrode 15 and the common electrode 25 are formed on the second substrate 10 or the first substrate 20.

In the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to the transmissive liquid crystal display 100, but the present invention may be applied to the reflective liquid crystal display 100.

[Example of mounting on electronic devices]
An electronic device using the liquid crystal display 100 according to the above-described embodiment will be described. FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of a projection type display device using the liquid crystal display device 100 to which the present invention is applied. In FIG. 14, an optical element such as a polarizing plate is not shown. The projection type display device 2100 shown in FIG. 14 is an example of an electronic device using the liquid crystal device 100.

In the projection type display device 2100 shown in FIG. 14, the liquid crystal device 100 according to the above embodiment is used as a light bulb, and high-definition and bright display is possible without enlarging the device. As shown in FIG. 14, a light source unit composed of a lamp unit 2102 having a white light source such as a halogen lamp is provided inside the projection type display device 2100. The projected light emitted from the lamp unit 2102 is converted into three primary colors of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) by the three mirrors 2106 and the two dichroic mirrors 2108 arranged inside. Be separated. The separated projected light is guided and modulated by the light bulbs 100R, 100G, and 100B corresponding to each primary color, respectively. Since the light of color B has a longer optical path than other colors R and G, it is guided through a relay lens system 2121 having an incident lens 2122, a relay lens 2123, and an exit lens 2124 in order to prevent the loss. Be taken.

The light modulated by the light bulbs 100R, 100G, and 100B is incident on the dichroic prism 2112 from three directions. Then, in the dichroic prism 2112, the R color and B color light are reflected at 90 degrees, and the G color light is transmitted. Therefore, after the images of the primary colors are combined, the color image is projected onto the screen 2120 by the projection optical system including the projection lens group 2114.

[Other projection type display devices]
The projection type display device may be configured to use an LED light source or the like that emits light of each color as a light source unit and supply the colored light emitted from the LED light source to another liquid crystal device. ..

[Other electronic devices]
The electronic device provided with the liquid crystal display device 100 to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the projection type display device 2100 of the above embodiment. For example, it may be used for electronic devices such as a projection type head-up display, a direct-view type head-mounted display, a personal computer, a smartphone, a digital still camera, and an LCD TV.

10 ... 2nd substrate, 18 ... Alignment film, 18c, 28c ... Column, 20 ... 1st substrate, 21 ... Parting part, 25 ... Common electrode, 27 ... Recession, 28 ... Alignment film, 30 ... TFT, 40 ... Sealing material , 50 ... Liquid crystal layer, 100 ... Liquid crystal device, 100B, 100G, 100R ... Light valve, 110 ... Liquid crystal panel, 120 ... Electronic parting part, 130 ... Trap electrode, 131 ... First electrode, 132 ... Second electrode, 133 ... Third electrode, 135 ... Electrode, 150 ... Effective pixel electrode, 151 ... Dummy pixel electrode, 181, 281, 287 ... Surface treatment film, 187 ... Second surface treatment film, 286 ... Second surface treatment film, 2100 ... Projection type Display device, 2102 ... Lamp unit (light source unit), 2114 ... Projection lens group (projection optical system), DP ... Dummy pixel, E ... Pixel area, E1 ... Display area, E2 ... Dummy pixel area, E3 ... Outer peripheral area, P ... Pixel, P0 ... Display pixel, PD ... Dummy pixel, LC ... Liquid crystal molecule, Ea, Eb ... Corner, Va ... 1st signal, Vb ... 2nd signal, Vc ... 3rd signal.

Claims (7)

A substrate body having a recess provided on the outside of the display area, and a first substrate having a first alignment film provided along the inner wall of the recess.
A second substrate having a second alignment film on the outside of the display region,
With
The first alignment film is a liquid crystal display having a smaller water contact angle than the second alignment film. In the liquid crystal display according to claim 1,
The second alignment film contains a surface-treated film formed of organic silane.
The liquid crystal display, wherein the first alignment film does not include the surface-treated film. A substrate body having a recess provided on the outside of the display area, and a first substrate having a first alignment film provided along the inner wall of the recess.
A second substrate having a second alignment film on the outside of the display region,
With
The first alignment film contains a surface-treated film formed by a hindered amine-based light stabilizer.
The second alignment film is a liquid crystal display including a surface-treated film formed of trimethoxydecylsilane. In the liquid crystal display according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A liquid crystal display characterized in that the second substrate has an electrode to which a constant potential is applied in a region overlapping the recess. In the liquid crystal display according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
In the second substrate, a first electrode to which a first signal is supplied and a second electrode to which a second signal having a phase shifted from the phase of the first signal is supplied to a region overlapping the recess. A liquid crystal display characterized by having. In the liquid crystal display according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A liquid crystal display, wherein each of the first alignment film and the second alignment film is an inorganic alignment film containing an inorganic material. An electronic device comprising the liquid crystal display according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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