JP2021156492A - Vertical waste incinerator and waste incineration amount adjustment method for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a waste incineration facility capable of stably incinerating a predetermined amount of waste without agitating the waste put into a waste pit.SOLUTION: A vertical waste incinerator comprises: an incineration chamber where waste is layered so that the same forms an ash layer, an incineration layer, a carbonization layer and a drying layer in this order from bottom to top; a feeder which puts waste from an upper section of the incineration chamber; primary combustion air supply means which supplies primary combustion air to the incineration chamber from a lower section thereof; secondary combustion air supply means which supplies secondary combustion air to the incineration chamber from the upper section thereof; watering means which sprinkles water over the waste layered in the incineration chamber; and a control device which controls an incineration state. The vertical waste incinerator also has heat value detection means which detects a heat value of the waste put into the incineration chamber. The control device maintains a waste incineration amount at a predetermined amount by keeping an amount of the primary combustion air at a predetermined value equal to or less than a half of a theoretical amount of air and adjusting an amount of water to be sprinkled through the watering means in accordance with fluctuation of the heat value detected through the heat value detection means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the amount of waste processed in a vertical waste incinerator and a vertical waste incinerator, and relates to a technique for maintaining a predetermined value of the amount of waste to be incinerated such as waste incinerated in the vertical waste incinerator. ..

Conventionally, a so-called stoker-type incinerator has been used to treat municipal waste and industrial waste. The stoker-type incinerator is a relatively simple incinerator that gradually dries and burns waste while moving forward as the grate is reciprocated back and forth or in the left-right direction. Although it has a structure, it can treat a large amount of waste regardless of the water content and calorific value of the input waste, so it is used in many incinerator treatment facilities.

By the way, the waste put into the incinerator contains a mixture of types of waste having various properties, such as waste paper and the like that are easily burned, and waste that contains a large amount of water and is hard to burn. When incinerating waste in the above type of incinerator, if there are variations in the properties of the waste put into the furnace, there is a problem that the furnace wall is burned due to the presence of locally hot spots. , There is a problem that it is discharged without burning completely. Therefore, it is necessary to sufficiently stir and mix the waste collected and transported and put into the garbage pit by a garbage crane so that the properties of the waste become uniform before putting it into the incinerator.

After performing the homogenization treatment in this way, in order to further stabilize the combustion state in the incinerator and the treatment amount of waste, various methods as shown in Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 are used. Has been developed (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-124955 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-3017 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2018-21686

According to the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, the inside of the garbage pit is photographed with a camera, the edge corresponding to the outline of the dust mass portion is extracted from the image data, and the fractal dimension (fractal = detail) of the extracted edge is extracted. When the image is enlarged, the stirring state of the garbage is detected based on the complex figure similar to the whole.

After performing such detection and stirring, the amount of waste to be put into the incinerator, the grate feeding speed in the incinerator, and the fire so that the amount of evaporation of the boiler attached to the incinerator becomes constant. It controls the amount of primary combustion air from below the grid and its distribution.

However, even if a stirring state is detected, the composition and properties of the waste are not constant, and it is impossible to uniformly stir and mix such waste in the entire large waste pit for about 7 days. be.

According to the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2, the position of the waste burnout point on the grate in the furnace was measured by measuring the amount of evaporation of the boiler and processing the image of the combustion state in the furnace. The moving speed of the grate is controlled by using the measured value of the amount of boiler evaporation and the position of the burnout point.

According to the technique disclosed in Patent Document 3, the thermal image of the garbage transported on the stalker is continuously imaged through the flame, the moving speed of the garbage is calculated, and the calculated moving speed is supplied so as to be the required value. Controls at least one of the dust device and the stoker drive device.

According to these techniques, the amount of evaporation of the boiler, that is, the amount of heat generated by combustion can be kept within a predetermined range, but a means for photographing the combustion state, a means for processing the captured image, and a processed image are used. There is a demerit in terms of cost because a separate measuring device and image processing device are required, such as a dust supply device and a means for controlling the grate speed, etc., and complicated control is required. It becomes an issue.

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and provides a waste incinerator capable of stably incinerating a predetermined amount of waste without stirring the waste put into the waste pit. The purpose.

The present invention provides the following solutions.

The invention according to the first feature is a combustion chamber in which an ash discharge means is arranged at the bottom and waste is deposited so that an ash layer, a combustion layer, a carbonized layer, and a dry layer are formed in this order from the bottom, and a waste crane. A charging device that stores the waste supplied by the combustion chamber and inputs it from above the combustion chamber, a primary combustion air supply means that supplies primary combustion air from below the combustion chamber, and a secondary combustion air that is supplied to the upper part of the combustion chamber. It is provided with a secondary combustion air supply means for spraying water, a water spraying means for spraying water on the waste accumulated in the combustion chamber, and a control device for controlling the combustion state. Further, it is provided with a calorific value detecting means for detecting the calorific value of the waste put into the combustion chamber, and the control device reduces the amount of primary combustion air supplied by the primary combustion air supply means to 1/2 or less of the theoretical amount of air. Vertical type that keeps the amount of waste treated at a predetermined value by adjusting the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means according to the fluctuation of the calorific value detected by the calorific value detecting means. Provide a waste incinerator.

According to the invention according to the first feature, the apparent calorific value can be kept constant by spraying water on the waste according to the fluctuation of the calorific value when operating the incinerator. As a result, the amount of waste processed can be kept constant.

The invention according to the second feature is the invention according to the first feature, wherein the calorific value detecting means is composed of the combustion chamber temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature in the combustion chamber, and the control device is the combustion chamber temperature detecting means. Provided is a vertical waste incinerator that adjusts the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means so that the temperature detected by the means becomes a predetermined value.

According to the invention according to the second feature, by configuring the calorific value detecting means by the combustion chamber temperature detecting means, the fluctuation of the calorific value can be detected by using the standard parameter of the combustion chamber temperature. Then, by adjusting the amount of water sprayed based on the fluctuation of the calorific value, it is possible to keep the amount of waste treated constant.

The invention according to the third feature is the invention according to the first feature, wherein the calorific value detecting means is composed of the water content detecting means for detecting the water content in the pyrolysis gas in the combustion chamber, and the control device is Provided is a vertical waste incinerator that adjusts the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means so that the amount of water detected by the water content detecting means becomes a predetermined value.

According to the invention according to the third feature, by configuring the calorific value detecting means by the water content detecting means, it is possible to accurately detect the fluctuation of the calorific value from the concept of material balance. Then, by adjusting the amount of water sprayed based on the fluctuation of the calorific value, it is possible to keep the amount of waste treated constant.

The invention according to the fourth feature is the invention according to the first feature, wherein the calorific value detecting means detects the weight of the waste put into the combustion chamber by the waste crane, and the weight detecting means. It is composed of a calorific value estimating means that estimates the calorific value from the weight detected by the means, and the control device determines the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means based on the calorific value estimated by the calorific value estimating means. Provide a vertical waste incinerator to adjust.

According to the invention according to the fourth feature, since the calorific value is estimated using the weight of the waste thrown in by the waste crane, heat is generated without the need to install a separate sensor such as a thermometer or a gas analyzer. Fluctuations in quantity can be detected. Then, by adjusting the amount of water sprayed based on the fluctuation of the calorific value, it is possible to keep the amount of waste treated constant.

The invention according to the fifth feature is an invention according to any one of the first to fourth features, wherein the water spraying means includes a water spray nozzle for spraying water, and the water spray nozzle sprays toward waste. Provided is a vertical waste incinerator in which a coarse particle size of 300 μm or more (preferably about 500 μm) is sprayed so that the generated water does not evaporate in the gas phase.

According to the invention according to the fifth feature, by using a water spray nozzle that sprays coarse particles of 300 μm or more, the sprayed water can surely reach the waste, and the water content of the waste can be adjusted more reliably. It is possible to keep the amount of waste processed constant with high accuracy.

The invention according to the sixth feature is an invention according to any one of the first to fourth features, in which a sludge nozzle is used as a water spraying means and raw sludge is sprayed toward waste to dispose of waste. Provide a vertical waste incinerator that adjusts the amount of water in the waste.

According to the invention relating to the sixth feature, by spraying raw sludge instead of water to adjust the water content of the waste, it is possible to adjust the water content of the waste and treat the raw sludge at the same time. It is possible to provide a useful system capable of stable waste treatment and raw sludge treatment at the same time.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a waste incinerator capable of stably incinerating a predetermined amount of waste without stirring the waste put into the waste pit.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an incinerator including a vertical waste incinerator according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the waste treatment amount adjusting method of the vertical waste incinerator according to the present embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that this is only an example, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to this.

[Overall configuration of incinerator]
The overall configuration of the incinerator including the vertical waste incinerator according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the incinerator of the present embodiment includes a vertical waste incinerator 1, a gas cooling device 2, a bag filter 3, an induction ventilator 4, and a chimney 5.

The vertical waste incinerator 1 incinerates irregularly shaped general waste and waste such as industrial waste. An ash discharge means 1a is arranged at the bottom, and an ash layer and a combustion layer are arranged in order from the bottom. A combustion chamber 1b on which waste is deposited so that a carbonized layer and a dry layer are formed, and a recombustion chamber 1c provided above the combustion chamber 1b and combusting a gas containing unburned components generated in the combustion chamber 1b. A charging device 1d for charging waste from above the combustion chamber 1b, a combustion chamber temperature detecting means 1e for detecting the temperature inside the combustion chamber 1b, and a water content detecting means 1f for detecting the amount of water in the thermal decomposition gas. A water spraying means 1g for spraying water on the waste accumulated in the combustion chamber 1b, a primary combustion air supply means 1h for supplying primary combustion air from below the combustion chamber 1b, and a secondary combustion air supply means 1h above the combustion chamber 1b. A secondary combustion air supply means 1j for supplying combustion air and a control device 1k are provided.

The loading device 1d is composed of a hopper and multiple gates for temporarily storing waste, and stores the waste supplied to the loading device 1d by a waste crane from a waste pit (not shown), and intermittently stores the waste chamber. It can be put into 1b.

Further, a combustion auxiliary burner (not shown) is provided in the combustion chamber 1b, and the auxiliary fuel is burned at the time of start-up operation when the temperature of the combustion chamber 1b is low, for example, after long-term maintenance. By doing so, the temperature inside the combustion chamber 1b is raised to assist the start-up operation. While the use of such additional fuel can easily raise the temperature in the combustion chamber 1b, it causes a decrease in the efficiency of the entire incinerator, so it is desirable not to use it as much as possible.

The primary combustion air supply means 1h supplies the primary combustion air from below the combustion chamber 1b. The primary combustion air supply means 1h includes a blower, a ventilation passage, an air preheater, and the like (not shown), and supplies the primary combustion air below the combustion chamber 1b, specifically, through the ash discharge means 1a. The primary combustion air passes through the ash layer, the combustion layer, the carbonized layer, and the dry layer in this order to dry and incinerate the waste. The mechanism will be described.

First, the primary combustion air supplied via the ash discharge means 1a receives the heat held by the ash layer and is heated, and the high temperature primary combustion air consumes oxygen in the combustion layer and is combustible in the waste. It burns things and becomes combustion exhaust gas. Since the combustion exhaust gas generated by burning the waste in the combustion layer is a high-temperature inert gas that consumes oxygen, the waste is thermally decomposed in the carbonized layer in an inert atmosphere. The inert thermal decomposition gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the waste in the carbonized layer dries the waste input from the charging device 1d in the drying layer. Then, the pyrolysis gas containing water is discharged from the dry layer after the waste is dried.

By the above mechanism, the primary combustion air supplied from below the combustion chamber 1b forms an ash layer, a combustion layer, a carbonized layer, and a dry layer, and pyrolyzes and incinerates the waste from drying.

The secondary combustion air supply means 1j supplies the secondary combustion air to the upper part of the combustion chamber 1b. The secondary combustion air supply means 1j includes a blower, a ventilation path, an air preheater, etc. (not shown), and is discharged from the dry layer by supplying secondary combustion air from an opening (not shown) provided in the upper part of the combustion chamber 1b. Combustion of combustible gas components contained in the pyrolysis gas.

In the vertical waste incinerator 1 according to the present embodiment, the air ratio of the primary combustion air is about 0.35 to 0.5, and the air ratio of the primary combustion air in the conventional stoker furnace (0.8 to 1). The air ratio is about 1/3 to 1/2 times that of (about 0.0). The air ratio of the secondary combustion air is about 0.9 to 1.0, which is 1.5 compared to the air ratio of the secondary combustion air (about 0.3 to 0.5) in the conventional stoker furnace. The air ratio is about 3 times. That is, in the vertical waste incinerator 1 according to the present embodiment, the ratio of the secondary combustion air is larger than the ratio of the primary combustion air.

With such a configuration, the accumulated layer of waste is positively pyrolyzed by using the heat of combustion, and the waste is dried by using the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis. Then, the combustible gas component in the gas generated from the sedimentary layer of the waste is agitated and mixed with the secondary combustion air and burned.

Further, a re-combustion chamber 1c is arranged above the combustion chamber 1b of the vertical waste incinerator 1 in order to completely burn harmful components remaining in the combustion gas generated by the supply of secondary combustion air. , The combustion gas is kept at 850 ° C. or higher for a predetermined time. In this way, the unburned carbons, which are precursors for the production of dioxins, and the unburned gas, which causes a foul odor, are completely burned in a high temperature atmosphere.

The control device 1k adjusts the supply amount of the primary combustion air supplied from the primary combustion air supply means 1h and the supply amount of the secondary combustion air supplied from the secondary combustion air supply means 1j according to the situation. , The interval for charging the waste is adjusted by the charging device 1d, the interval for discharging the incinerated ash is adjusted by the ash discharging means 1a, and the like.

Further, in the control device 1k of the incinerator of the present embodiment, the amount of waste treated is adjusted by adjusting the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means 1g according to the fluctuation of the calorific value of the waste. This will be described later.

The combustion chamber temperature detecting means 1e, the water content detecting means 1f, and the water spraying means 1g are installed below the secondary combustion air supply means 1j.

In particular, it is desirable that the water spraying means 1g is arranged directly above the deposited waste layer and at a position that does not interfere with the charging of waste from the charging device 1d.

By arranging 1 g of the water spraying means at such a position, the sprayed water can surely reach the drying zone of the waste layer without evaporating, and water can be supplied to the waste being dried. Therefore, the apparent water content in the waste can be adjusted.

However, if the distance between the water spraying means 1 g and the drying zone of the waste layer is too close, the sprayed water cannot be distributed over the entire surface of the waste layer, so it is installed at a certain distance from the upper surface of the waste layer. There is a need to.

The water spraying means 1g is not limited to one place, and may be installed at a plurality of places (for example, four surrounding places).

The gas cooling device 2 is capable of supplying the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the vertical waste incinerator 1 to the bag filter 3, and has a temperature of 200 ° C. described in the "Guidelines for Prevention of Dioxins Generation Related to Waste Disposal". The temperature is reduced to below the level, and the format does not matter.

The bag filter 3 neutralizes or adsorbs and removes impurities such as soot and harmful components contained in the exhaust gas by filtering the exhaust gas whose temperature has been reduced by the gas cooling device 2, and removes soot and harmful components. Includes a filter cloth for filtering.

A chemical supply device (not shown) is provided on the upstream side of the bag filter 3, and an alkaline chemical such as slaked lime for neutralizing acidic components such as hydrogen chloride and sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas, and an alkaline chemical such as slaked lime are provided. , An adsorbent such as activated carbon for adsorbing harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas is supplied to the exhaust gas and the bag filter.

The attractive ventilator 4 is a ventilator arranged downstream of the bag filter 3 and is for sucking the exhaust gas purified by the bag filter 3 and releasing the exhaust gas from the chimney 5 to the atmosphere.

The chimney 5 discharges the exhaust gas discharged from the vertical waste incinerator 1 into the atmosphere, and is arranged downstream of the induction ventilator 4.

[Waste treatment amount adjustment flow]
Next, with reference to FIG. 2, the flow of adjusting the amount of waste treated using the vertical waste incinerator according to the present embodiment will be described.

First, the control device 1k detects the calorific value of the waste charged (or charged) into the combustion chamber (step S100).

The details of the means for detecting the calorific value of the waste will be described later. For example, the calorific value of the input waste is detected by using the temperature in the combustion chamber 1b measured by the combustion chamber temperature detecting means 1e. ..

Next, the control device 1k holds the amount of primary combustion air supplied by the primary combustion air supply means 1h at a predetermined value of 1/2 or less of the theoretical amount of air (step S110).

Then, the control device 1k keeps the waste treatment amount at a predetermined value by adjusting the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means 1g according to the fluctuation of the calorific value detected by the calorific value detecting means (step). S120).

By doing so, the amount of waste treated can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of water sprayed from 1 g of the water spraying means.

[Mechanism for adjusting the amount of waste treated by adjusting the amount of water sprayed]
Next, the principle of adjusting the amount of waste treated by adjusting the amount of water sprayed from 1 g of the water spraying means will be described.

As described above, in the vertical waste incinerator 1, a sedimentary layer of waste is formed on the bottom of the furnace, and a certain amount of primary combustion air is discharged from the bottom of the furnace via the ash discharge means 1a to the theoretical combustion air required for combustion. It is supplied so as to hold 1/2 or less of the amount, and the waste input from above the waste layer is dried by the heat of the pyrolysis gas. The dried waste gradually causes thermal decomposition while moving downward, and carbides including combustibles are produced. The pyrolysis residue containing such carbides is completely burned by the primary combustion air from the bottom of the furnace, becomes incinerator ash, and is discharged from the ash discharge means 1a. On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas generated by thermally decomposing the waste is completely burned by the secondary combustion air blown into the upper part of the combustion chamber.

Here, since the amount of primary combustion air is less than 1/2 of the theoretical amount of combustion air and a certain amount is blown in, the ability to treat waste (incineration amount) and the amount of combustion heat generated by it are discarded. Although it differs slightly depending on the composition (C, H, O) of the combustible material in the material, it is almost constant. On the other hand, waste is composed of three components, combustible, ash and water, and the calorific value is determined by the ratio of combustible to water in the waste. A high calorific value means a large amount, and a high calorific value means a low water content. Since the amount of primary combustion air supplied from the primary combustion air supply means 1h is controlled to be constant, the amount of combustible amount that can be combusted is constant, so the amount of waste to be treated is determined by the amount of water, and the calorific value is low. Waste with a large amount of water has a large amount of treatment, and conversely, when the amount of heat generated is high, the amount of treatment decreases.

In the present invention, using this principle, the calorific value of waste is detected by the calorific value detecting means, and the amount of water sprayed from 1 g of the water spraying means is changed according to the fluctuation of the detected calorific value for disposal. By adjusting the amount of water in the material, the amount of waste processed is adjusted. That is, by adjusting the amount of water sprayed on the surface of the waste so that the ratio of combustibles and water becomes constant according to the calorific value, the apparent calorific value of the waste is made constant. This is an attempt to keep the amount of processing constant.

<Embodiment 1>
In the first embodiment, as the calorific value detecting means, the temperature in the combustion chamber 1b, particularly the temperature below the position where the secondary combustion air supply means 1j is arranged and directly above the waste layer is measured. The combustion chamber temperature detecting means 1e is used.

The temperature in the combustion chamber 1b, particularly the temperature directly above the waste layer, fluctuates according to the calorific value of the waste. That is, the temperature directly above the waste layer in the combustion chamber 1b is the amount of latent heat taken by the evaporation of water generated by drying the waste in the drying zone and the amount of heat possessed by the pyrolysis gas generated from the drying zone. Depends on. That is, the high calorific value of the waste means that the amount of water is small, and the amount of heat absorbed by the latent heat is small, so that the temperature inside the combustion chamber 1b is also high. On the contrary, if the calorific value is low, the temperature inside the combustion chamber 1b is low. Therefore, the combustion chamber temperature at which the target waste treatment amount can be obtained is predetermined, and the waste is discharged from the water spraying means 1g so that the combustion chamber temperature measured by the combustion chamber temperature detecting means 1e becomes a predetermined value. Control the amount of water sprayed on the layer. In this way, by controlling the amount of water sprayed according to the temperature of the combustion chamber, a predetermined amount of waste treatment can be obtained.

At this time, if the water sprayed from the water spraying means 1 g evaporates before reaching the waste layer, the water content in the waste cannot be increased and the amount of waste treated cannot be adjusted. .. In particular, above the position where the secondary combustion air supply means 1j is arranged, the unburned component in the pyrolysis gas is burned by the secondary combustion air, so that a high-temperature combustion field is formed and water is sprayed. May evaporate and not reach the waste layer. Therefore, in the present embodiment, by arranging the water spraying means 1g at a position lower than the position where the secondary combustion air supply means 1j is disposed, the sprayed water is surely placed in the drying zone of the waste layer. I'm trying to reach it.

In the first embodiment, by configuring the calorific value detecting means by the combustion chamber temperature detecting means 1e, it is possible to detect the fluctuation of the calorific value using a standard parameter of the combustion chamber temperature. Then, by adjusting the amount of water sprayed on the waste layer based on the fluctuation of the calorific value, it is possible to keep the amount of waste treated constant.

<Embodiment 2>
In the second embodiment, as the calorific value detecting means, the amount of water in the pyrolysis gas in the combustion chamber 1b, particularly below the position where the secondary combustion air supply means 1j is arranged, is formed in the waste layer. The water content detecting means 1f for measuring the water content directly above is used.

The amount of water in the pyrolysis gas, especially the amount of water directly above the waste layer, fluctuates according to the calorific value of the waste. As mentioned above, the calorific value is determined by the ratio of combustibles to water in the waste. Further, above the place where the waste is accumulated in the combustion chamber 1b, the water content in the waste exists as water vapor in the pyrolysis gas. Therefore, by measuring the water content (or water content ratio) in the pyrolysis gas by the water content detecting means 1f installed in the combustion chamber 1b, the water content ratio in the waste can be estimated, and the water content can be increased. The amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means 1 g to the waste layer is controlled so as to have a predetermined value. In this way, by controlling the amount of water sprayed according to the amount of water in the pyrolysis gas, a predetermined amount of waste treatment can be obtained.

At this time, if the water sprayed from the water spraying means 1 g evaporates before reaching the waste layer, the water content in the waste cannot be increased and the amount of waste treated cannot be adjusted. .. In particular, above the position where the secondary combustion air supply means 1j is arranged, the unburned component in the pyrolysis gas is burned by the secondary combustion air, so that a high-temperature combustion field is formed and water is sprayed. May evaporate and not reach the waste layer. Therefore, in the present embodiment, by arranging the water spraying means 1g at a position lower than the position where the secondary combustion air supply means 1j is disposed, the sprayed water is surely placed in the drying zone of the waste layer. I'm trying to reach it.

In this way, in the second embodiment, by configuring the calorific value detecting means by the water content detecting means 1f, it is possible to accurately detect the fluctuation of the calorific value from the concept of material balance. Then, by adjusting the amount of water sprayed on the waste layer based on the fluctuation of the calorific value, it is possible to keep the amount of waste treated constant.

The water content detecting means 1f may be of any type as long as a well-known analyzer such as a gas chromatograph analyzer can be used and the properties of the pyrolysis gas can be analyzed.

<Embodiment 3>
In the third embodiment, as the calorific value detecting means, a weight detecting means (not shown) for measuring the weight of the waste when it is thrown into the loading device 1d by the garbage crane, and the weight of the waste measured by the weight detecting means. A calorific value estimation means for estimating the calorific value from is used.

The calorific value can be estimated from the weight of the waste weighed by the garbage crane. In other words, the volume of waste taken out of the garbage pit by the bucket of the garbage crane is determined by the size of the bucket, and the weight of the waste lifted by the bucket is weighed by the load cell, which is an example of the weight detection means, and then discarded. The bulk specific gravity of an object can be calculated. Since the bulk specific density and the water content of the waste are correlated with each other, although there are some variations depending on the waste quality, the water content can be estimated from the bulk specific gravity. In this way, the amount of water can be estimated by the calorific value estimating means from the weight measured by the load cell, that is, the calorific value of the waste can be estimated.

Then, the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means 1 g to the waste layer is controlled according to the calorific value estimated by the calorific value estimating means. In this way, by controlling the amount of water sprayed according to the weight of the waste, a predetermined amount of waste treatment can be obtained.

At this time, if the water sprayed from the water spraying means 1 g evaporates before reaching the waste layer, the water content in the waste cannot be increased and the amount of waste treated cannot be adjusted. .. In particular, above the position where the secondary combustion air supply means 1j is arranged, the unburned component in the pyrolysis gas is burned by the secondary combustion air, so that a high-temperature combustion field is formed and water is sprayed. May evaporate and not reach the waste layer. Therefore, in the present embodiment, by arranging the water spraying means 1g at a position lower than the position where the secondary combustion air supply means 1j is disposed, the sprayed water is surely placed in the drying zone of the waste layer. I'm trying to reach it.

In this way, since the calorific value is estimated using the weight of the waste thrown in by the waste crane, fluctuations in the calorific value can be detected without the need to install a separate sensor such as a thermometer or gas analyzer. Can be done. Then, by adjusting the amount of water sprayed on the waste layer based on the fluctuation of the calorific value, it is possible to keep the amount of waste treated constant.

Although the embodiment for carrying out the present invention has been described above, the means used as the calorific value detecting means measures or estimates the fluctuation of the calorific value of the waste charged (charged) into the combustion chamber 1b. If possible, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

As the nozzle used for 1 g of the water spraying means, it is preferable to use a nozzle having a coarse particle size of 300 μm or more (preferably about 500 μm) so that the water sprayed toward the waste does not evaporate in the gas phase. .. This is because if the sprayed water evaporates before reaching the waste, it rises with the flow of the pyrolysis gas and is discharged from the combustion chamber 1b, which does not contribute to the adjustment of the amount of waste.

Further, a sludge nozzle can be used as the water spraying means 1 g, and raw sludge can be sprayed instead of water to adjust the amount of water. Since raw sludge contains a large amount of water and does not easily evaporate like water, it is possible to appropriately adjust the water content of waste even in the high-temperature combustion chamber 1b. At this time, the amount of waste generated can be more accurately maintained at a desired value by also considering the amount of heat generated by the raw sludge.

Further, as the sludge to be sprayed, dehydrated sludge can be used in addition to raw sludge having a high water content. Further, water containing a harmful component such as decontaminated water can also be used.

In general, spray water or cooling air for adjusting the furnace temperature may be used in the incinerator. According to the present invention, when water is sprayed on the waste in the combustion chamber to suppress fluctuations in the calorific value of the waste and keep the waste treatment amount constant, the temperature and water content of the pyrolysis gas generated from the waste layer Is almost constant, so that it is easy to control the flow rate of the furnace temperature adjusting medium as described above, or the effect that the furnace temperature adjusting medium becomes unnecessary can be obtained.

At that time, a water spray nozzle for adjusting the temperature in the combustion chamber 1b is separately installed. In that case, the water spray nozzle for temperature adjustment is above the water spraying means 1g, that is, the water spraying means. 1 g is installed below the water spray nozzle for temperature adjustment.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments described above. In addition, the effects described in the embodiments of the present invention merely list the most preferable effects arising from the present invention, and the effects according to the present invention are limited to those described in the embodiments of the present invention. is not it.

Further, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and is not necessarily limited to the one including all the described configurations.

The waste incineration facility of the present invention can be applied to a waste incineration facility that incinerates various types of waste such as household waste, industrial waste, medical waste, and sewage sludge. Further, the technique of the present invention can be applied not only to a waste incineration facility that incinerates waste, but also to a combustion device that deposits and burns various solid fuels including biomass in the lower part of a combustion chamber.

1 Vertical waste incinerator 1a Ash discharge means 1b Combustion chamber 1c Recombustion chamber 1d Input device 1e Combustion chamber temperature detection means 1f Moisture content detection means 1g Water spraying means 1h Primary combustion air supply means 1j Secondary combustion air supply means 1k control Device 2 Gas cooling device 3 Bug filter 4 Induction ventilator 5 Chimney

Claims (7)

An ash discharge means is arranged at the bottom, and a combustion chamber in which incinerators such as waste are deposited so that an ash layer, a combustion layer, a carbonized layer, and a dry layer are formed in order from the bottom, and a combustion chamber.
An input device that stores incinerated materials such as waste supplied by a waste crane and inputs them from above the combustion chamber.
A primary combustion air supply means for supplying primary combustion air from below the combustion chamber, and
A secondary combustion air supply means for supplying secondary combustion air to the upper part of the combustion chamber,
A water spraying means for spraying water on an incinerator such as waste accumulated in the combustion chamber, and
It is a vertical waste incinerator equipped with a control device that controls the combustion state.
It is provided with a calorific value detecting means for detecting the calorific value of the incinerated material such as waste put into the combustion chamber.
The control device holds the amount of primary combustion air supplied by the primary combustion air supply means at a predetermined value of 1/2 or less of the theoretical air amount, and responds to fluctuations in the calorific value detected by the calorific value detecting means. By adjusting the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means, the amount of waste to be incinerated is maintained at a predetermined value.
A vertical waste incinerator characterized by this. The calorific value detecting means is composed of a combustion chamber temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature in the combustion chamber.
The vertical waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the control device adjusts the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means so that the temperature detected by the combustion chamber temperature detecting means becomes a predetermined value. .. The calorific value detecting means is composed of a water content detecting means for detecting the water content in the pyrolysis gas in the combustion chamber.
The vertical waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the control device adjusts the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means so that the amount of water detected by the water content detecting means becomes a predetermined value. .. The calorific value detecting means estimates the calorific value from the weight detecting means for detecting the weight of the incinerated material such as waste thrown into the combustion chamber by the waste crane and the weight detected by the weight detecting means. Consists of calorific value estimation means
The vertical waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the control device adjusts the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means based on the calorific value estimated by the calorific value estimating means. The water spraying means includes a water spraying nozzle for spraying water, and the water spraying nozzle sprays a coarse particle size of 300 μm or more so that the water sprayed toward an incinerator such as waste does not evaporate in the gas phase. The vertical waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Any of claims 1 to 4, wherein a sludge nozzle is used as the water spraying means, and raw sludge is sprayed toward the incinerator such as waste to adjust the water content of the incinerator such as waste. Vertical waste incinerator described in. An ash discharge means is arranged at the bottom, and it is supplied by a combustion chamber in which incinerators such as waste are deposited so that an ash layer, a combustion layer, a carbonized layer, and a dry layer are formed in order from the bottom, and a waste crane. An input device that stores incinerators such as waste and throws it in from above the combustion chamber, a primary combustion air supply means that supplies primary combustion air from below the combustion chamber, and a secondary in the upper part of the combustion chamber. Vertical type equipped with a secondary combustion air supply means for supplying combustion air, a water spraying means for spraying water on an incinerator such as waste accumulated in the combustion chamber, and a control device for controlling a combustion state. It is a method of adjusting the amount of waste to be incinerated in a waste incinerator.
A calorific value detection step that detects the calorific value of the incinerated material such as waste put into the combustion chamber,
A step of maintaining the amount of primary combustion air supplied by the primary combustion air supply means at a predetermined value of 1/2 or less of the theoretical amount of air.
A step of maintaining the amount of incinerator such as waste at a predetermined value by adjusting the amount of water sprayed from the water spraying means according to the fluctuation of the calorific value detected by the calorific value detecting means.
A method for adjusting the amount of waste to be incinerated in a vertical waste incinerator, which comprises the above.

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