JP2021146429A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a machine tool for automation of a workpiece needing a phase determination.SOLUTION: A machine tool has various drive units for carrying out the prescribed process by a tool to a gripped workpiece, and a controller controlling the drive of the above drive units. Besides, a phase-determining chuck fixture is assembled to a work table provided to a spindle in the machine tool. The chuck fixture comprises a chuck device (a pair of swing arms 31, 32) for pressing the workpiece on a seating surface by a hydraulic actuator, and a phase determination device (the first and second phase determination blocks 33, 34) for pinching a protrusion of the workpiece by the hydraulic actuator.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a machine tool that enables automation by clamping a workpiece that requires phasing.

In a machining machine line using an NC lathe or the like, automatic machining is performed on a workpiece conveyed by an autoloader. However, there are various shapes of workpieces to be machined, and workpieces such as the bearing housing of a turbocharger require a clamp whose phase is determined during machining. For this reason, it has been difficult to automate the entire line because a machine tool for machining a bearing housing uses a manual type in which an operator applies the work to a phase reference to perform a clamping operation. Therefore, the following mechanism has been proposed for conventional machine tools.

For example, the machine tool of Patent Document 1 below is provided with a mounting phase determination control means for determining the phase in the rotation direction. Therefore, when the spindle chuck grips the deformed workpiece delivered from the loader device, the tool post moves to the spindle side while the spindle is rotatable, and the workpiece phasing means provided on the tool post is used as the deformed workpiece. Phase determination is performed by pressing. Further, in the machine tool of Patent Document 2 below, a locator pin is planted between the chuck claws on the spindle chuck. Therefore, when the work conveyed by the robot hand is inserted in a predetermined phase, the protrusion of the work is lightly pressed against the reference surface of the spindle chuck, and the locator pin of the spindle chuck is indexed to a predetermined position so that the locator pin is released. The phase is determined in close contact with the protrusion.

JP-A-2002-301602 Jikkenhei No. 5-93740

As in the conventional example, the machine tool is provided with a phasing mechanism according to each structure. This is because it is necessary to determine the phase by making improvements without significantly changing the structure of the existing machine tool. For example, in the above-mentioned conventional example, a configuration for phasing is added, such as a work phasing means for pressing against a deformed workpiece and a configuration for indexing a locator pin of a spindle chuck to a predetermined position. In addition, it is conceivable to use a chuck jig that can determine the phase according to the work, but the rotary table to which the chuck jig is attached cannot pass the power cable because it is rotationally supported by the spindle. Therefore, an actuator is used instead of a motor, but the space through which the flow path passes is limited, and it is difficult to construct a phasing chuck jig that performs a plurality of movements.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool for automation of a workpiece that requires phase determination in order to solve such a problem.

The machine tool according to the present invention has various drive devices for executing predetermined machining with a tool on the gripped work, and a control device for controlling the drive of the drive device, and the work is provided on the spindle. A phasing chuck jig equipped with a chuck device for pressing a work against a seating surface by a hydraulic actuator and a phasing device for sandwiching a protruding portion of the work by a hydraulic actuator is assembled on a table.

According to the above configuration, a phase determining chuck jig is assembled on a work table provided on the spindle, and the work conveyed by the autoloader is chucked against the seating surface by pressing the hydraulic actuator in the chuck device, and the phase is changed. Since the phase of the work is determined by sandwiching the protruding portion by the hydraulic actuator in the determination device, it is possible to deliver the work and automate the machining of the work.

It is a perspective view which showed the main structure of the machining center which is one Embodiment of a machine tool. It is a perspective view which showed the phase determination chuck jig. It is a perspective view which showed the phase determination chuck jig. It is a side view of the phasing chuck jig which showed the phasing mechanism. It is an axial front view of the phase determination chuck jig. It is a figure which showed the hydraulic circuit for driving a swing clamp device, a lower phasing device and an upper phasing device.

An embodiment of a machine tool according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a main configuration of a machining center according to an embodiment of a machine tool. The machining center 1 has an internal structure as shown in the figure, and the entire machining center 1 is covered with a machine body cover to form a processing chamber for performing cutting and processing of a workpiece. In particular, the machining center 1 is movable in the front-rear direction on the base 3, and is assembled on the movable bed 11 provided with wheels.

The machining center 1 is provided with a spindle head 12 at the front portion for holding a tool for machining a work. The spindle head 12 has a spindle chuck 13 to which a tool such as a drill, a reamer, or a boring can be attached and detached, and the tool held by the spindle chuck 13 is configured to be rotated by a spindle motor 14. The machining center 1 is provided with a machining drive device 5 for moving the tool held by the spindle head 12 in the three axial directions with respect to the work.

In the processing drive device 5, the Y-axis slide 17 is mounted movably in the front-rear direction of the machine body, and the X-axis slide 18 is movably mounted in the width direction of the machine body with respect to the Y-axis slide 17. Further, the Z-axis slide 19 is mounted on the X-axis slide 18 so as to be movable in the vertical direction, and the spindle head 12 is mounted on the Z-axis slide 19. The movement in each direction is performed by a drive mechanism that converts the rotational output of the servomotor into a linear motion by a ball screw mechanism. A work table 15 that rotatably grips the work is assembled below the spindle head 12 that is moved by the machining drive device 5.

In the machining center 1, the tool magazine 16 is incorporated so that the machining drive device 5 is mounted on the movable bed 11. The tool magazine 16 houses a plurality of tools between the work table 15 and the spindle head 12 when viewed in the height direction, and an automatic tool changer is incorporated in the tool magazine 16. The machining center 1 is equipped with a spindle head 12, a work table 15, a machining drive device 5, and a control device 6 for controlling the drive of an automatic tool changer or the like.

The machining center 1 is modularized, and is mounted on rails of the same width formed on the base 3 together with other machine tools that are also modularized, and various types are mounted on a plurality of bases 3 installed side by side. A processing machine line is constructed by mounting a work machine. The processing machine line incorporates an autoloader that sequentially delivers workpieces to machine tools and the like. Therefore, the workpieces are sequentially conveyed by the autoloader according to the machining process, and the workpieces are delivered between the entering robot hand and the work table 15 at the machining center 1.

The work machined in this embodiment is a turbocharger bearing housing. This work needs to be phase-determined at the time of machining, and the work table 15 is required to have a structure in which the phase of the work is determined and clamped. Therefore, instead of the chuck device shown in FIG. 1 in which the radial chuck claws open and close, the work table 15 is assembled with a phasing chuck jig in which each clamp member grips the work from different directions. However, although a hydraulic actuator is used as the drive source instead of a motor, it is difficult to provide a flow path for operating a plurality of hydraulic actuators in the spindle.

In the case of the machining center 1, the total number of hydraulic and pneumatic ports for the incubator for passing the fluid through the spindle is eight. Therefore, it is necessary to supply and discharge hydraulic oil for operating a plurality of clamp members, seat a work, and supply air for confirming the operation of each chuck mechanism by utilizing the limited number of ports. .. The phasing chuck jig of the present embodiment has a structure corresponding to a limited number of ports in order to solve such a problem. 2 and 3 are perspective views showing a phase determining chuck jig of the present embodiment that can be attached to the work table 15 instead of the chuck device shown in FIG.

The phasing chuck jig 20 grips the bearing housing 80 of the turbocharger. In the bearing housing 80, a flange 811 is formed, a through hole 82 is formed through the center of the housing body 81, and a bearing portion incorporating a slide bearing is formed inside the through hole 82. The turbocharger is supported by a bearing through which the shaft passes through the through hole 82, and the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel are connected to both ends. Then, in the bearing housing 80, a protruding portion 83 is projected at a position symmetrical with respect to the housing main body 81 in a direction orthogonal to the through hole 82, and an oil passage for supplying and discharging lubricating oil to the bearing portion is provided there. Is formed.

The phasing chuck jig 20 corresponds to such a bearing housing 80, and has a structure for phasing with one protruding portion 83 as a reference position. Each drive device of the phasing chuck jig 20 is incorporated in a main body block 25 that can be assembled to the table 15. First, a pair of swing arms 31 and 32 for pressing the flange 811 of the housing main body 81 against the seating surface of the main body block 25 to which the bearing housing 80 is brought into close contact are provided. Further, a pair of phasing first block 33 and phasing second block 34 are provided so as to sandwich one protruding portion 83 of the bearing housing 80 from the vertical direction of the oval flange portion 831.

Therefore, the phasing chuck jig 20 is provided with four hydraulic actuators for operating the pair of swing arms 31, 32, the phasing first block 33, and the phasing second block 34, respectively, and supplies hydraulic oil. Four ports corresponding to the discharge flow path are used. The remaining 4 ports of the inducer confirm the seating of the bearing housing 80 to see if it is in close contact with the seating surface of the phasing chuck jig 20, confirm the operation of the pair of swing arms 31 and 32, and perform the phasing first block. It is used in a determination device that confirms the operation of 33 and the operation of the phase determination second block 34 by detecting the air pressure.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the work table 15 is provided with a cylindrical connecting block 151 fixed to the spindle side, and is a phase determining chuck so as to be connected to a flow path connected to eight ports of the inducer. The jig 20 is assembled. The phase determining chuck jig 20 has a hydraulic circuit described later configured in the main body block 25, and a driving mechanism such as swing arms 31 and 32 driven by hydraulic oil flowing through the circuit. Here, FIG. 4 is a side view of the phasing chuck jig 20 showing the phasing mechanism for operating the phasing first block 33 and the phasing second block 34, and FIG. 5 shows the phasing chuck jig 20. It is an axial front view of.

As shown in FIG. 5, the swing arms 31 and 32 are configured to swing around a rotation axis supported by the axis between the clamp position shown by the solid line and the unclamp position shown by the alternate long and short dash line. The swing arms 31 and 32 are configured in the swing clamp devices 21 and 22. The swing clamp devices 21 and 22 have a general structure, and hydraulic oil is supplied and discharged to the hydraulic cylinders 35 and 36 (see FIG. 6), and the swing arms 31 and 32 are displaced by the displacement of the piston. It is configured to swing and clamp while descending in the axial direction toward the main body block 25 side, and conversely swing and unclamp while rising in the axial direction. A determination device is configured on the swing clamp device 21 side so that the detection hole through which the air supplied from the port 27 flows is closed at the time of clamping.

Next, the phasing first block 33 is configured in the first phasing device 23 using the hydraulic cylinder 37 in which the piston rod 371 protrudes downward as shown in FIG. A link clamp is configured in the first phasing device 23, a phasing first block 33 is fixed to one end of a crank arm 41, and a piston rod 371 is pivotally attached to the other end side. Further, the crank arm 41 is configured such that one end of the link lever 42 is pivotally attached to the piston rod 371 side and swings as the piston rod 371 expands and contracts. Further, a determination device is configured in which a plug member 43 is fixed to the crank arm 41, and the detection unit 44 in which air is discharged from the detection hole is blocked by the plug member 43 at the time of clamping.

On the other hand, the phasing second block 34 constitutes a second phasing device 24 that is linearly moved in the vertical direction by a hydraulic cylinder 38 having a piston rod 381 protruding downward as shown in FIG. The second phase determining device 24 is fixed to the center of the connecting bar 45 in which the piston rods 381 are orthogonal to each other, and sliding rods 46 are provided at both ends thereof. One of the sliding rods 46 is a hollow rod, and a determination device in which a rod with a lid 47 inserted therein is urged by a spring is configured. In this determination device, the hollow shaft portion is blocked by the lidped rod 47 when unclamped, and the lidded rod 47 moves against the spring when clamped so that the air supplied from the port 48 is discharged. It has become.

Next, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a hydraulic circuit for driving the swing clamp devices 21 and 22, the first phasing device 23, and the second phasing device 24. A supply flow path 52 is connected to the pump 51 that sends out the hydraulic oil, and a discharge flow path 54 is connected to the tank 53 that collects the hydraulic oil. Then, a hydraulic device constituting the phase determining chuck jig 20 is connected to the supply flow path 52 and the discharge flow path 54 via an inducer 50. The ports of the inducer 50 used here are the clamp port P1 and the unclamp port P2 for the swing clamp devices 21 and 22, and the clamp port P3 and the unclamp port P4 for the first phasing device 23 and the second phasing device 24. Is.

A directional control valve 61 is connected to the clamp port P1 and the unclamp port P2 so that the supply and discharge of hydraulic oil can be switched between the clamp flow path 55 and the unclamp flow path 56. On the primary side of the directional control valve 61, a relief valve 62 is provided in the supply side flow path connected to the supply flow path 52 so that the hydraulic oil is returned to the discharge flow path 54 when the pressure exceeds a certain level. .. A pilot check valve 63 is connected to the secondary side of the directional control valve 61 so that hydraulic oil can flow in the opposite direction under certain conditions. Further, the clamp flow path 55 and the unclamp flow path 56 are connected to the rod side or the head side of the hydraulic cylinders 35 and 36, and the hydraulic speed controller 64 for adjusting the amount of hydraulic oil supplied to each flow path. Is provided.

Further, a directional control valve 71 is connected to the clamp port P3 and the unclamp port P4 so that the supply and discharge of hydraulic oil can be switched between the clamp flow path 57 and the unclamp flow path 58. Then, on the primary side of the directional control valve 71, a relief valve 72 is provided in the supply side flow path connected to the supply flow path 52, and a pilot check valve 73 is connected to the secondary side of the directional control valve 71. There is. Further, the clamp flow path 57 and the unclamp flow path 58 are connected to the head side or the rod side of the hydraulic cylinders 37 and 38, and the hydraulic speed controller 74 for adjusting the amount of hydraulic oil supplied to each flow path. Is provided.

By the way, in order to stably phase the bearing housing 80, the first block 33 for phase determination acts first, and then the second block 34 for phase determination operates at different timings. Should. For that purpose, it is preferable to perform independent hydraulic control on the first phasing device 23 and the second phasing device 24. However, since the number of ports of the inducer 50 is limited, in the present embodiment, the clamp port P3 and the unclamp port P4 are shared for the supply and discharge of the hydraulic oil. By providing the sequence valve 75 in the head-side flow path of the hydraulic cylinder 38, the movement of the second phase determining device 24 is delayed until the oil pressure exceeds the relief pressure.

The remaining four ports in the inducer 50 are used for a determination device that executes detection using air as described above. Air from the compressor is supplied to the detection device formed at each inspection target position in the determination device that confirms the seating and the operation. On the other hand, the bearing housing 80 is seated and the swing clamp devices 21 and 22, the first phasing device 23 and the second phasing device 24 are driven to close or open the detection holes. Then, the back pressure in the air supply pipe changes when the detection hole is closed or opened as the device is seated or the device is driven. Therefore, the determination device detects the change to properly seat the work or work clamp. Is to be confirmed.

Subsequently, in the machining center 1, the bearing housing 80 conveyed by the autoloader transfers the work to and from the work table 15. At that time, as shown in FIG. 2, the bearing housing 80 is held by pressing the flange 811 against the seating surface of the phasing chuck jig 20 by the pair of swing arms 31 and 32. Further, the oval flange portion 831 of the protruding portion 83 is sandwiched from the vertical direction by the first phase determining block 33 and the second phase determining block 34 to determine the phase.

At this time, in the hydraulic circuit on the swing clamp devices 21 and 22 side, the hydraulic oil sent from the pump 51 to the supply flow path 52 is switched from the directional control valve 61 to the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 35 and 36 from the clamp side flow path 55. It is supplied to the side. As a result, the hydraulic cylinders 35 and 36 contract and the pair of swing arms 31 and 32 simultaneously turn and press, and the bearing housing 80 is in a clamped state held by pressing against the seating surface. Further, in the hydraulic cylinders 35 and 36, the hydraulic oil is discharged from the head side at the same time, flows from the unclamp side flow path 56 through the directional control valve 61 to the discharge flow path 54, and returns to the tank 53. At the time of unclamping, the hydraulic oil from the pump 51 flows in the opposite direction by switching the direction control valve 61.

On the other hand, on the first phase determining device 23 and the second phase determining device 24 side, the hydraulic oil sent from the pump 51 to the supply flow path 52 is transferred from the clamp side flow path 57 to the hydraulic cylinder 37 by switching the direction control valve 71. , 38 is supplied to the head side. At this time, in the hydraulic cylinder 38, the timing at which the hydraulic pressure is applied by the sequence valve 75 is later than that in the hydraulic cylinder 37. Therefore, first, the hydraulic cylinder 37 of the first phase determining device 23 is extended to cause the crank arm 41 to swing around the connecting shaft with the link lever 42 as a fulcrum.

Then, the phase determining first block 33 is displaced from the position shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4 to the upper position shown by the solid line, and is applied to the oval flange portion 831 of the protruding portion 83 from below. In the second phasing device 24, the hydraulic cylinder 38 extends later than the hydraulic cylinder 37, so that the phasing second block 34 fixed to the connecting bar 45 supported by the sliding rod 46 descends and protrudes. It is applied to the oval flange portion 831 of the portion 83 from above. At this time, since the oval flange portion 831 hits with a delay from the phase determining first block 33, the oval flange portion 831 is sandwiched from above by the phase determining second block 34 with the lower side supported. At the time of unclamping, the hydraulic oil from the pump 51 flows in the opposite direction by switching the direction control valve 71.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, by assembling the phase determining chuck jig 20 to the work table 15, the machining center 1 can automatically deliver the phase determined to and from the autoloader, which greatly contributes to the automation of work processing. .. The phasing chuck jig 20 has a configuration in which a pair of swing clamp devices 21 and 22 and a first phasing device 23 and a second phasing device 24 are incorporated, and can be used as a phasing clamp by utilizing the existing number of ports. It becomes possible to realize air judgment such as sitting. By providing the sequence valve 75 in the head-side flow path of the hydraulic cylinder 38, the second phase determining device 24 can stably hold the phase determining by shifting the timing from the first phase determining device 23.

Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the machining center has been described as an example as an embodiment of the machine tool, but the phase determining chuck jig 20 may be assembled to the spindle of the lathe.
Further, in the above-described embodiment, swing clamp devices 21 and 22 using a swing arm are adopted as the chuck device, and the first phase determining device 23 using the link clamp and the first phase determining block 33 are used as the phase determining device. Although the second phasing device 24 is adopted, the phasing clamp jig having a structure different from that of the second phasing device 24 may be used.

1 ... Machining center 15 ... Work table 20 ... Phase determination chuck jigs 21 and 22 ... Swing clamp device 23 ... First phase determination device 24 ... Second phase determination device 25 ... Main body blocks 31, 32 ... Swing arm 33 ... Phase determination first 1 block 34 ... Phase determination 2nd block 35, 36, 37, 38 ... Hydraulic cylinder 80 ... Bearing housing

Claims (5)

It has various drive devices for executing predetermined machining with a tool on the gripped work, and a control device for controlling the drive of the drive device.
A machine tool equipped with a chuck device that presses a work against a seating surface by a hydraulic actuator and a phase determining device that sandwiches a protruding portion of the work by a hydraulic actuator on a work table provided on a spindle. .. In the chuck device, a hydraulic oil supply flow path and a discharge flow path common to two hydraulic actuators for operating a pair of chuck members are connected to each other.
In the phasing device, a hydraulic oil supply flow path and a discharge flow path common to two hydraulic actuators for operating a pair of phasing members are connected, and a sequence is provided in the supply flow path for one of the hydraulic actuators. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a valve is provided. The chuck device is a swing clamp device in which a swing arm is moved in the axial direction by a hydraulic actuator and is swung to press a work against a seating surface.
The phasing device uses a hydraulic actuator for a first phasing device that presses a phasing first block that is directly driven by a hydraulic actuator against a protruding portion of a work from one side, and a phasing second block that is attached via a link clamp. The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, which is a second phase determining device that presses against a protruding portion of the work from the other side. The machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the sequence valve is provided in a supply flow path for the hydraulic actuator of the first phase determining device. It has a determination device that detects the back pressure in the air supply pipe connected to each of the detection holes, which changes when a plurality of detection holes are closed or opened when the work is seated or the device is driven.
The plurality of detection holes according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the plurality of detection holes are provided in the seated portion of the work, one movable portion of the chuck member, and each movable portion of both of the pair of phasing members. Machine tools.

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