JP2021136977A - Air-cooled heat pump cold and hot water system and plant raising agricultural house system - Google Patents

Abstract

To solve the problems in which: a plant raising environment control method in an agricultural house or a kitchen garden is not currently energy saving; the DIF farming method requires manpower and labor to need a huge automation investment so that it does not become popular; and popularization of photovoltaic power generation in the natural energy utilization as national policy is about to reach its limit, and the problems in which: a lot of croplands are neglected due to the aging society and the like; and the measure against nine billion of the world's population in 2050 depends on large-scale farming under the circumstances.SOLUTION: An optimum plant raising environment is given by means detecting temperatures of respective points and using a control algorism (Fig. 5) in which cold water is made in a water tank 15 equivalent to an evaporator in an air-cooled heat pump refrigerant circuit, and hot water is made in a water tank 10 equivalent to a condenser, and the cold and hot water is utilized to control air temperature and soil temperature suitable for plant raising corresponding to a season. In addition, when an air-cooled heat pump cold and hot water system is combined with a photovoltaic power generation device 205, plant raising is achieved even in a place or a farmland where there is no power.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention is a technical field related to a system using cold / hot water of an air-cooled heat pump cold / hot water heater used in an agricultural house, and a technical field related to a combination of a photovoltaic power generation device and the present system.

Heat pump Refrigerant circuit technology application, technology to realize the optimum environment for plant growth with outside air temperature, water temperature, soil temperature and air temperature in the house, cold and hot water temperature, technology to effectively use solar power generation for agriculture.

Japanese Patent No. 3336385 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-996665 Public Relations Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-1676773

Problem 1 is that in a conventional agricultural house, heating with a heavy oil boiler in winter (cooling is a method of opening and closing the PVC sheet of the house by humans, etc.), heating operation with an air conditioner, and cooling operation in summer. Therefore, the operating cost is very high and high profits cannot be obtained, and there is a problem that it takes time and effort for human monitoring and adjustment in the summer, but this problem should be solved.

Problem 2 is that the temperature difference environment between day and night is left to the local weather and location conditions (climate of highlands and regions with high north latitude), but this can be solved by the system of the present invention.

Problem 3 is that the current household heat pump water heater mainly produces hot water for hot water supply, and does not have an agricultural control function or a cold / hot water switching function as in the present invention. Although it cannot be used for such agriculture, it is made possible by the present invention.

Problem 4 is that the current heat pump water heater uses carbon dioxide gas as the refrigerant that enables high-temperature water in order to make the hot water storage tank compact, so that it can withstand tap pressure and prevent burns at high temperatures. Since multiple hot water mixing valves are used, there is a weakness that the manufacturing cost becomes very high, but this should be solved.

The fifth object of the present invention is to improve the plant growing environment in the present invention. Therefore, no carbon dioxide refrigerant is used, no hot water storage tank having pressure resistance is required, and rainwater is used instead of tap water. To enable manufacturing at significantly lower cost.

Problem 6 is that since the tank capacity of the conventional heat pump water heater is fixed, it is not possible to freely select the volume that can store the amount of heat corresponding to the size of the agricultural house and the difference in the climate of the area, and the inside of the product case. Since the tank is usually built in, it cannot be freely installed in the optimum position near the agricultural house, but this should be solved.

Challenge 7 is the renewable energy policy currently recommended by the government, which is being promoted with a time-limited subsidy, but as the 2019 problem for household solar power generation is occurring, mega solar solar power generation It can be expected that the same problem will occur in power generation in the near future, but since it is not clear what to use the low-priced purchased power at that time, in the system of the present invention, the power at that time is used for agriculture. Eliminating this problem and anxiety by making it available for home use and producing high value-added products of vegetables and flowers.

Problem 8 is the "DIF" method for growing more delicious vegetables, fruit trees, etc. At present, some commercially available heat pump type air conditioners are used, but agricultural houses have extremely good heat insulation performance. Since there is no such thing, the problem that the electricity bill is very high and it is not widely used is solved.

In the present invention, a 4-way switching valve is provided in the air-cooled heat pump refrigerant circuit, cold water is produced in a water tank equivalent to an evaporator, and hot water is produced in a water tank equivalent to a condenser. A means of controlling the soil temperature according to the season.

By detecting the outside air temperature, the air temperature around the plants in the house, the soil temperature, the temperature of the cold and hot water being made, etc. with a sensor and controlling it to a better environmental temperature for plants, the optimum growing environment for plants can be achieved throughout the year. Systematization technology means to create.

A multi-stage plant growing box is provided in a conventional house, and a heat-insulated heating or cooling pipe is installed on the bottom of the box to provide cold water (summer) supplied from the heat pump water heater of the present invention. A means to efficiently use hot water (winter) to realize an optimal plant growing environment.

In the DIF method that changes the ambient temperature of plants and soil temperature in the day and night or in the morning, the cold and hot water of the present invention is used to pump the artificially accumulated cold and hot water according to the type of plant and its characteristics. A means for realizing an optimum temperature environment by the control method shown in the control algorithm of FIG.

In the air-cooled heat pump cold / hot water system of the present invention, when the cold / hot water reaches the set temperature and the high pressure rises too much, the fan of the air-cooled condenser is operated to lower the high pressure and control the rotation speed of the inverter compressor. However, it is a means to avoid abnormal situations such as reducing the capacity of the compressor by detecting the situation before the cold water temperature drops too much and freezes.

Effect 1 is very effective in the method of improving the environment of an agricultural house in which a heavy oil boiler or an air conditioner is installed in a vinyl greenhouse having no heat insulating effect to control the entire air environment in the greenhouse as in the conventional case. Although running costs are high, the system of the present invention can significantly reduce operating costs.

Effect 2 makes it possible to create a temperature environment in the house in winter and summer by using air-cooled heat pump cold and hot water, and by simply introducing this equipment, it does not take time and is semi-automatic all year round. Since control can be performed according to the characteristics, cost reduction can be realized by labor saving, work time related to plant growth can be shortened, and it can contribute to work style reform of agricultural work.

Effect 3 makes it possible to optimize the plant environment (DIF farming method) to improve the quality of crops due to the temperature difference during the day, which was not possible in the past, and to increase the added value in the taste and size of crops. Becomes possible.

Effect 4 can further reduce the electricity bill when combined with a solar power generation device, and can amortize capital investment in a short period of time together with the provision of national subsidies.

Effect 5 can be used for crop production even after the national subsidy payment deadline has passed, so you can make capital investment with peace of mind, and you can see dreams of production and sales business using houses, which is attractive to young people. It can also contribute to the creation of successors to agriculture.

Effect 6 is a hassle-free plant for the same vegetables and flowers as the present invention, if the heat exchanger in the insulated water tank of the present invention is connected to the high-pressure side refrigerant pipe of the existing room air conditioner in the home garden. The environment is obtained, and it becomes possible to grow crops while working at a company.

It is an whole view of the system of this invention. This is an example of adaptation of the system of the present invention to an agricultural house. This is an example of heat exchanger specifications when using this system. It is an example diagram of a specific part used for a heat exchanger. It is an example of the control algorithm diagram of the temperature control system of the agricultural house of this invention. This is an example of a house for automating the agricultural house of the present invention. It is a figure which adopted the multi-circuit system of the air conditioner in the agricultural house of this invention. It is a drawing which installed the multistage plant growth apparatus in the agricultural house of this invention. This is an example of a heat exchanger for energy-saving and effective use of the cold / hot energy of the present invention. It is a system diagram which combined the system of this invention and a solar power generation apparatus. This is an example of using an air conditioner for a house.

1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention. To explain a detailed embodiment of the operation in winter, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 7 of the air-cooled outdoor unit 1 can be switched between four paths. It is guided to the heat exchanger 3 of the water tank 2 via the valve 6 and becomes hot water by releasing heat to the water in the water tank. The vessel 5 and the fan 14 evaporate while collecting heat from the outside air to become a low-temperature refrigerant gas, but when the water temperature T5 of the water tank 15 downstream of the heat exchanger 5 is not cooled to the set temperature, The outdoor unit fan 14 is stopped, the refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger 16 of the water tank 15 in a state where the refrigerant does not evaporate so much, and the cold water is lowered to the set temperature T5 while cooling the water 17 in the water tank via the 4-way switching valve 6. Then, it circulates in the compressor 7.

The operating coil of the 4-way switching valve is generally turned off in winter in order to eliminate malfunction due to the slow rise in high pressure, which will be explained in detail later in the detailed control algorithm (Fig. 5). do.

Next, the details of energy-saving and effective temperature control for plant growth by using hot and cold water in the agricultural house will be explained in FIGS. One method of growing crops by making conventional ridges on the soil 101 by providing it on the outside of the conventional house 100 is to add a heat exchanger 104 in front of the conventional air ventilation fan 103. There is a method of controlling the temperature by flowing hot water or the like.

For more reliable and uniform temperature control, the water-type heat exchanger unit 102 shown in FIG. 2 can be installed and hot water can flow through it to achieve optimum temperature control. It is effective to use these two methods properly, and as shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the air duct is partially buried in the ridge, a hole is made in the duct, and warm air (winter) and cold air (summer) are provided from there. ) Is also effective.

Next, a detailed implementation example of the hot water control method will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The main control method in winter is to install a pump 18 (P1) and a solenoid valve 19 (S1) in a water tank 2 storing hot water. The pump 18 (P1) is turned on, the solenoid valve 19 (S1) is opened to send hot water to the house shown in FIG. 2, and the hot water whose temperature is controlled inside the house passes through the opened solenoid valve 21 (S4). Is circulated in the hot water tank 2.

At this time, in order to prevent hot water from flowing into the cold water tank 15, the pump 22 (P2) is turned off, the solenoid valve 23 (S2) is closed, and the solenoid valve 20 (S3) is also closed. The overall control algorithm is shown in FIG. 5, including winter, intermediate (spring and autumn), and DIF control.

Further, a method of energy-saving and effective use of hot water energy for growing a plant in an optimum environment will be described with reference to FIG. By installing a heat exchanger 105 in the house, detecting the temperatures T10 and T11 and controlling the flow of hot water, it is possible to realize a plant growing environment with a smaller amount of heat than controlling the temperature of the entire air in the house. It is possible to control energy saving and grow high quality crops. However, since the temperature conditions to be controlled differ depending on the type of plant, it is necessary to set the temperature according to the characteristics of the plant.

The details of this heat exchanger will be described with reference to FIG. 4. In FIG. 2) of FIG. Zinc plating) is sufficient, and as shown in Fig. 1) of Fig. 4, the heat exchanger with the inexpensive and salt water-resistant aluminum fins 112 used in the air conditioner controls the temperature of the air around the poles of the plant. If the pump pressure is not as high as tap water (equivalent to about 5 atm), a commercially available hose or a seat hose 113 made of a thin sheet is sufficient. Since the connection portion may be coated with a silicon bond and bound with a tie wrap 114 or the like as a binding material, piping can be easily performed in any way.

Attention is being paid to DIF agricultural technology to make crops even more delicious, nutritious, and increase yields at specific times of the day and at certain times of the day, including in winter, summer, and mid-season. However, the control method for realizing this DIF method will be explained as an example of the DIF method in which the temperature difference between morning and evening is lowered by about 5 ° C from the outside air at the timing before the sun rises and at night. ..

In FIG. 1, when the pump 18 OFF, the solenoid valve 19, and the solenoid valve 21 are closed at the timing when DIF control is required, the pump 22 is turned ON, and the solenoid valves 20 and 23 are opened at the same time, water is stored in the water tank 15. Cold water is supplied to the heat exchanger etc. in the house, it is possible to operate with the required temperature difference, it is possible to set the target temperature for setting the target, and when the required holding time and the target temperature are obtained, the original The detailed control algorithm for switching to standard operation is shown in Fig. 5 for each winter, summer, and intermediate season. It should be noted that the control and temperature difference that eliminate the temperature difference depending on the type of plant and the regional difference (climate condition). When it is necessary to reverse the temperature, it can be realized by optimally combining the operation of cold and hot water, each solenoid valve and the pump.

Next, the explanation of the case where the air-cooled (water-cooled) heat pump refrigerant circuit is made into a multi-type will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 7 by taking a multi of two circuits as an example. The refrigerant inside this outdoor unit is provided with the high-pressure pipe connection port of A and the low-pressure pipe connection port of circuit A, connected to the heat exchanger for each water tank, and the same connection is made to the B connection circuit of the second circuit. The circuit may be exactly the same as a general household room air conditioner or the like.

The right figure of FIG. 7 is a plan view at the time of installation, in which the refrigerant pipes 411 and 410 are connected from the refrigerant pipe connection portion 405 of the multi-outdoor unit 400 to the water tanks 10 and 15 of FIG. Since the connection is provided in the same manner as in FIG. 1, the multi-circuit type method of the present invention can optimally control a plurality of agricultural houses with one outdoor unit, and if the heat exchanger method as shown in FIG. 3 is adopted, Since it can be adapted to a larger house, it can contribute to future agriculture, and for those who have a large vacant lot at home, it will be possible to grow flowers as well as vegetables as a side job or hobby while continuing the current occupation.

Fig. 8 shows a multi-stage system for growing plants semi-automatically without hassle even in nearby abandoned farmland or sunny spaces (one corner of the garden, part of the parking lot, concrete vacant part of the terrace) even if there is no large land. The plant growth system will be described in detail.

Taking a system with a width of about 1 to 2 m, a depth of 40 cm, and a height of about 2 m as an example, a detailed explanation will be given with reference to FIG. A bottom water supply type box 301 for plant growth that can be taken out is installed on the bottom of the box, which has a four-stage horizontal rail, and a control device that can automatically control the water storage level and water volume is installed on the bottom of the box. However, a roof 331 made of transparent corrugated sheet for collecting rainwater is provided on the ceiling, and the rainwater is supplied to the water supply port of the automatic water supply controller 302 by piping 338, and from the upper drainage port to the lower water supply port. It is a plant growth system that can supply rainwater to plants without waste by sequentially connecting to.

Further, it is also useful of the present invention that a double greenhouse house can be formed by attaching a vinyl chloride sheet to the outside of the multi-stage plant growing system of the present invention.

In addition, if a multi-stage plant growth system that can control the temperature of the air around the plant in FIG. 8 and the water supply and soil at the bottom of the plant with the heat exchanger of FIG. 4 of the present invention is installed in the existing house for abandoned farmland. , Can be converted into a high-performance double house at low cost.

In addition, it is possible to regenerate a house that has been left alone with a skeleton into a double high-performance agricultural house at no cost. Of course, water can be supplied to the site of the abandoned agricultural house. Ideally, the house should be installed as shown in Fig. 1.

Regarding FIG. 10, the details of the system in combination with the system of the present invention and the photovoltaic power generation device will be described. The rainwater in the water tank 2 is made hot by the outdoor unit 1 of the heat pump air-cooled chiller-heater of FIG. A vinyl chloride sheet is placed on the outer surface of the multi-stage plant growing device 202 to create a greenhouse, and cold water is sent by pump P1 in summer and hot water is sent by pump P1 in winter. It is taken from the distribution board 206 of the power generation device 205, and the outdoor unit is operated without using electricity from the electric power company.

At this time, a guide or the like for collecting rain falling on the panel of the solar power generation device is provided and collected in Toyu 204, and this water is used for water supply of the multi-stage plant growing system of FIG. By supplementing with the tap-type water dispenser 201 even when the water level drops, it is possible to realize a self-sufficient plant-growing system without the need for waterworks or electrical work of the electric power company. If rainwater is stored in a tank once or natural water such as spring water from a mountain is stored in this tank, a more stable water supply will be possible.

If this is applied to mountainous areas, abandoned paddy fields, and abandoned agricultural land, it will be effective as a measure to promote the above-mentioned conversion to natural energy and at the same time to expand the naturalization of energy without expecting the national power sales system, and in 2019. By adding this small multi-stage plant growing device to households whose power sales period of the household solar power generation device in question has expired, it can be used for growing vegetable gardens and flowers at home, so it is about 1/6. It is a system that is also suitable for measures to create new added value with the purchased amount.

1 Air-cooled outdoor unit that produces hot and cold water with a heat pump 2 Insulated water tank that can be installed separately (for hot water in winter)
12 Rain-collecting greenhouse 13 Multi-stage plant growing system 14 Insulated aquarium similar to symbol 2 (for cold water in winter)
18 Pumps for sending hot and cold water, 22 are also pumps 19 Opening and closing electromagnetic valves for pipes that send hot water in winter, 20, 21, 22 and 23 are the same electromagnetic valves 24 Tanks for storing rainwater in new-shaped houses 102 To dissipate heat Simple fan coil unit with fan 104 Air-cooled heat exchanger without fan 105 Simple heat exchanger for controlling air temperature near plant leaves 106 Simple heat exchanger for controlling soil temperature 112 Plant Simple heat exchanger with fins that controls the temperature of the air near the leaves 113 How to easily connect the connection piping of the heat exchanger for actual plant growth 201 Ball tap type automatic water dispenser 205 Solar panel of solar power generation device 206 Power distribution board of solar power generation device 207 Power connection distribution board of the outdoor unit of the present invention 300 Main body structure of multi-stage plant growing device 301 Bottom water supply type box installed in the same device 302 Automatically controls the amount of water and water level for the bottom water supply type Equipment 331 Collection plate such as corrugated plate for collecting rainwater provided on the roof of the main body structure 332 Toyu for collected rainwater 336 The role of the water meter installed at the bottom of this system and reuse of excess water Water tank for 337 Soil for growing plants 338 Water piping for distributing rainwater to the bottom water tank type box of each shelf 339 Bottom water storage and insulated heat exchanger for controlling soil temperature 340 Plant Heat exchanger for controlling the air temperature near the leaves 341 Fixed block to prevent the main body from collapsing due to strong winds and typhoons 400 Multi-type air-cooled hot water water heater outdoor unit 405 Multiple separated cold temperatures from the outdoor unit Water-insulated water tank Connection part 408 Cooler pipe to water tank 409 Water pipe to water tank 10 Water pipe from water tank 15 to houses 2 and 1 411 Water pipe from water tank 10 to houses 1 and 2.

Claims (5)

An air-cooled heat pump circuit with a 4-way switching valve for use in an agricultural house produces hot water in winter and cold water in summer, and by controlling this heat source, the optimum growing environment and the optimum growing environment for the plants in the house throughout the four seasons. A set of an outdoor unit unit for realizing the DIF method (a method of artificially adjusting the temperature difference between morning and evening), a heat exchanger for a cooling / hot water tank that is not integrated with the outdoor unit, and a sensor unit for its control (equivalent to an indoor unit). Unit) Air-cooled heat pump with cold / hot water system. According to claim 1, one main water tank and one auxiliary water tank are installed before and after the expansion valve for use in warm regions, and the DIF method for plant growth (a method for artificially realizing the temperature difference between morning and evening) is provided. The described air-cooled heat pump cold / hot water system. An air-cooled heat pump cooling / hot water system in which the heat pump type air cooling outdoor unit according to claim 1 or 2 is a multi-type outdoor unit that connects to a plurality of water tanks. A simple agricultural house and an air-cooled heat pump cold / hot water system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 are installed in a sunny vacant lot around a solar power generation device installed in a plain or a mountainous area, and the solar power generation device is installed. An air-cooled heat pump that combines the present invention with a solar power generation device that enables self-power generation and self-extinguishing with energy saving and stores rainwater falling on the solar panel in a water tank and uses it to supply water to plants. Cold / hot water system. A bottom water supply type multi-stage plant growing device is installed in the agricultural house, and a heat exchanger for controlling the temperature of the water accumulated on the bottom under the bottom water supply type box (pot) is installed in the space of the leaves of the plant. Is an air-cooled heat pump in which an air heat exchanger is arranged to control the optimum air and soil temperatures by using the cold / hot water obtained by the air-cooled heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Cold / hot water system.

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