JP2021116253A - Bactericide used for photodynamic therapy - Google Patents

Bactericide used for photodynamic therapy Download PDF

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JP2021116253A
JP2021116253A JP2020010163A JP2020010163A JP2021116253A JP 2021116253 A JP2021116253 A JP 2021116253A JP 2020010163 A JP2020010163 A JP 2020010163A JP 2020010163 A JP2020010163 A JP 2020010163A JP 2021116253 A JP2021116253 A JP 2021116253A
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photodynamic therapy
kumazasa
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salt
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JP7212229B2 (en
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威▲徳▼ 名取
Takenori Natori
威▲徳▼ 名取
宜子 増田
Yoshiko Masuda
宜子 増田
美咲 堀内
Misaki Horiuchi
美咲 堀内
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TEIKYO HEISEI UNIV
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Abstract

To provide a novel bactericide used for photodynamic therapy.SOLUTION: A bactericide used for photodynamic therapy contains alkali extract of Sasa veitchii plants as a photosensitive material. The bactericide can contain α-linolenic acid or a salt thereof and a chlorophyllin or a salt thereof. The bactericide can be also used for dental treatment.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

本発明は、光線力学療法に用いるための殺菌剤に関する。 The present invention relates to a fungicide for use in photodynamic therapy.

根管治療(歯内治療)では、痛んだ歯髄を除去(抜髄)して、根管を注意深く清掃し、再感染を防止するための処置が行われる。う蝕が進行し歯髄にまで感染が及ぶ歯髄炎や根尖孔外へ感染が拡がった根尖性歯周炎などの根管治療において根管内の無菌化は必須であるが、根管内は非常に微細で複雑な構造をもっており、機械的・化学的洗浄によっても細菌が残存しやすいことが知られている(非特許文献1)。 In root canal treatment (endodontic treatment), treatment is performed to remove the damaged pulp (pulp removal), carefully clean the root canal, and prevent reinfection. Intra-root canal sterilization is essential for root canal treatment such as pulpitis in which caries progresses and infection extends to the pulp, and apical periodontitis in which infection spreads outside the apical foramen. Has a very fine and complicated structure, and it is known that bacteria are likely to remain even by mechanical and chemical cleaning (Non-Patent Document 1).

根管洗浄では次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液がしばしば使用されるが、完全な除菌が困難な場合も多い。これに対し、根管内の無菌化に有効な治療法として、レーザーの瞬間的な熱作用の応用が考えられる。レーザーを用いることで、根管内に残存する細菌を効率的に殺菌して治療効果を高められる。ところがレーザーは高出力なものにすると殺菌能力が上がるものの、周辺組織へのダメージが大きくなる。このため、低侵襲な光源と組織侵襲性の低い光感受性物質を用いた光線力学療法(PDT:photodynamic therapy)が提唱されている。波長660nmのダイオードレーザーと光感受性物質としてメチレンブルーを用いたう蝕菌に対する抗菌効果が報告されており(非特許文献2)、日本では、PDTの利用はメチレンブルーとダイオードレーザー(650〜675nm)、あるいはトルイジンブルーとLED(620〜640nm)の組合せとして、保険適用外治療の自由診療として歯科に導入されている。 Sodium hypochlorite solution is often used for root canal cleaning, but complete sterilization is often difficult. On the other hand, as an effective treatment method for sterilization in the root canal, the application of the instantaneous heat action of the laser can be considered. By using a laser, bacteria remaining in the root canal can be efficiently sterilized and the therapeutic effect can be enhanced. However, if the laser has a high output, the sterilization ability will increase, but the damage to the surrounding tissues will increase. For this reason, photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a minimally invasive light source and a light-sensitive substance having low tissue invasiveness has been proposed. An antibacterial effect against caries bacteria using a diode laser with a wavelength of 660 nm and methylene blue as a photosensitive substance has been reported (Non-Patent Document 2), and in Japan, PDT is used with methylene blue and a diode laser (650 to 675 nm), or As a combination of triuzin blue and LED (620-640 nm), it has been introduced into dentistry as a free practice of non-insurance treatment.

しかしながら、メチレンブルーの安全性は比較的高い一方で副作用として血液系への影響に懸念があり、トルイジンブルーについても現時点では明確な安全性に関する情報は少ないことから、臨床での使用には懸念が残っている。 However, while the safety of methylene blue is relatively high, there are concerns about its effects on the blood system as a side effect, and there is still little clear safety information on toluidine blue, so there are concerns about its clinical use. ing.

Vera J. et al, J. Endod, 38, 1044-1052, 2012Vera J. et al, J. Endod, 38, 1044-1052, 2012 Stojicic S et al., Int. Endod. J., 46, 649-659, 2013Stojicic S et al., Int. Endod. J., 46, 649-659, 2013

本発明は、光線力学療法に用いるための新規殺菌剤を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a novel fungicide for use in photodynamic therapy.

本発明者らは、医薬品や健康食品として長年にわたり経口摂取されてきたクマザサの抽出物に着目して鋭意研究を進めていたところ、光線力学療法において光感受性物質としてクマザサ抽出物を用いることで顕著な殺菌効果があることを見出した。本発明はこれらの知見に基づくものである。 The present inventors have been diligently conducting research focusing on the extract of Kumazasa, which has been orally ingested as a medicine or health food for many years. It was found that it has a good bactericidal effect. The present invention is based on these findings.

本発明によれば以下の発明が提供される。
[1]クマザサ属植物のアルカリ抽出物を光感受性物質として含んでなる、光線力学療法に用いるための殺菌剤。
[2]前記アルカリ抽出物がα−リノレン酸またはその塩とクロロフィリン類またはその塩とを含む、上記[1]または[2]に記載の殺菌剤。
[3]殺菌剤中のα−リノレン酸またはその塩の濃度が1〜500μg/mLである、上記[2]に記載の殺菌剤。
[4]歯科治療に用いるための、上記[1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載の殺菌剤。
According to the present invention, the following inventions are provided.
[1] A fungicide for use in photodynamic therapy, which comprises an alkaline extract of a plant of the genus Kumazasa as a photosensitizer.
[2] The fungicide according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the alkaline extract contains α-linolenic acid or a salt thereof and chlorophyllins or a salt thereof.
[3] The disinfectant according to the above [2], wherein the concentration of α-linolenic acid or a salt thereof in the disinfectant is 1 to 500 μg / mL.
[4] The bactericidal agent according to any one of the above [1] to [3] for use in dental treatment.

本発明によれば、従来の光感受性物質と比較して安全かつ効率的に使用可能な光線力学療法に用いるための殺菌剤を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a bactericidal agent for use in photodynamic therapy that can be used safely and efficiently as compared with conventional photosensitizers.

図1は、α−リノレン酸の過酸化機構(推定)を示す。FIG. 1 shows the peroxidation mechanism (estimated) of α-linolenic acid. 図2は、光線力学療法における光感受性物質としてクマザサのアルカリ抽出物を用いた場合の殺菌効果を示す。FIG. 2 shows the bactericidal effect when an alkaline extract of Kumazasa is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy.

発明の具体的説明Specific description of the invention

本発明の殺菌剤は光線力学的療法(PDT)に用いるための殺菌剤である。ここで、光線力学的療法とは、生体の標的箇所に光感受性物質を適用し、標的となる生体組織に所定の波長の光線を照射することで、光感受性物質が励起されて活性酸素を生じさせ殺菌効果を奏する療法をいう。 The fungicide of the present invention is a fungicide for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, in photodynamic therapy, a light-sensitive substance is applied to a target portion of a living body, and a light beam having a predetermined wavelength is irradiated to the target living tissue, so that the photo-sensitive substance is excited to generate active oxygen. It is a therapy that produces a bactericidal effect.

本発明の殺菌剤はクマザサ抽出物を有効成分として含有するものである。 The fungicide of the present invention contains Kumazasa extract as an active ingredient.

本発明の有効成分であるクマザサ抽出物は、クマザサ属植物の植物体(例えば、葉や葉鞘)から公知の方法によりアルカリ抽出することにより得ることができる。クマザサ抽出物はまた、クマザサ属植物の植物体の抽出物を生体に適用できるように調整したものを用いることができる。クマザサ属植物からの抽出は、例えば、特開2000−069946号公報に記載のように、ササ葉からクロロフィリン類を含む抽出液を抽出する方法を採用できる。クマザサ抽出物は、市販品のササヘルス(登録商標)(大和生物研究所)を使用してもよい。 The Kumazasa extract, which is the active ingredient of the present invention, can be obtained by alkaline extraction from a plant of a Kumazasa genus plant (for example, a leaf or a leaf sheath) by a known method. As the Kumazasa extract, an extract of a plant of the genus Kumazasa prepared so as to be applicable to a living body can be used. For extraction from plants of the genus Kumazasa, for example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-609946, a method of extracting an extract containing chlorophyllins from Sasa leaves can be adopted. As the Kumazasa extract, a commercially available Sasa Health (registered trademark) (Yamato Natural Research Institute) may be used.

クマザサ抽出物には、構成成分としてα−リノレン酸またはその塩が含まれる。α−リノレン酸の塩は薬学上許容される塩とすることができ、その例としては、ナトリウム、カリウムなどのアルカリ金属塩が挙げられる。α−リノレン酸またはその塩の殺菌剤中の濃度は、1μg/mL〜500μg/mL、好ましくは10μg/mL〜400μg/mLとすることができる。 Kumazasa extract contains α-linolenic acid or a salt thereof as a constituent. The salt of α-linolenic acid can be a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and examples thereof include alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium. The concentration of α-linolenic acid or a salt thereof in the disinfectant can be 1 μg / mL to 500 μg / mL, preferably 10 μg / mL to 400 μg / mL.

クマザサ抽出物にはまた、構成成分としてクロロフィリン類またはその塩が含まれる。クマザサ抽出物に含まれるクロロフィリン類は395〜425nm付近および630〜670nm付近に極大吸収波長をもち、効率的にダイオードレーザーあるいはLEDの波長の光源のエネルギーを吸収し、これをα−リノレン酸に与えて後述する殺菌効果を発揮すると考えられる。クロロフィリン類の塩は薬学上許容される塩とすることができ、その例としては、ナトリウム、カリウムなどのアルカリ金属塩が挙げられる。 Kumazasa extract also contains chlorophyllins or salts thereof as constituents. The chlorophyllins contained in the Kumazasa extract have maximum absorption wavelengths around 395-425 nm and 630-670 nm, efficiently absorb the energy of the light source of the wavelength of the diode laser or LED, and give this to α-linolenic acid. It is considered that the bactericidal effect described later is exhibited. The salt of chlorophyllins can be a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and examples thereof include alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium.

光線力学療法において本発明の殺菌剤を使用する場合、光線の照射源としては、レーザー、ハロゲンランプ、LEDなどが挙げられる。レーザーとしては、励起に必要な波長の光線が得られるものであれば特に限定されず、ダイオードレーザー、色素レーザー、アルゴンレーザーなどが挙げられ、医療用のレーザーとして使用されるものであればよい。光線の波長はクロロフィリン類の吸収波長を考慮して決定することができ、例えば、350〜450nmまたは600nm〜850nmの範囲とすることができる。光線の照射時間は、所望の殺菌効果を得られるように当業者が調整することができ、例えば、光線を20秒以上、好ましくは30秒以上、より好ましくは40秒以上、さらに好ましくは50秒以上照射することができ、かつ、光線出力を3W以上とすることができる。照射時間の上限は例えば180秒、120秒または60秒とすることができる。また光線出力の上限は例えば10Wまたは5Wとすることができる。光線の照射源としてレーザーを使用する場合には、波長808nm±20nmのダイオードレーザーを使用することができる。 When the fungicide of the present invention is used in photodynamic therapy, examples of the irradiation source of light rays include lasers, halogen lamps, and LEDs. The laser is not particularly limited as long as it can obtain a light beam having a wavelength required for excitation, and examples thereof include a diode laser, a dye laser, an argon laser, and the like, and any laser used as a medical laser may be used. The wavelength of the light beam can be determined in consideration of the absorption wavelength of chlorophyllins, and can be, for example, in the range of 350 to 450 nm or 600 nm to 850 nm. The irradiation time of the light beam can be adjusted by a person skilled in the art so as to obtain a desired bactericidal effect. It is possible to irradiate the above, and the light beam output can be 3 W or more. The upper limit of the irradiation time can be, for example, 180 seconds, 120 seconds or 60 seconds. The upper limit of the light ray output can be, for example, 10 W or 5 W. When a laser is used as the irradiation source of light rays, a diode laser having a wavelength of 808 nm ± 20 nm can be used.

本発明の殺菌剤は、クマザサ抽出物以外の任意の成分を含んでいてもよい。任意の成分としては、薬学上許容される製剤用添加物が挙げられる。本発明の殺菌剤はクマザサ抽出物と任意成分とを混合し、製造することができる。本発明の殺菌剤はクマザサ抽出物を希釈せずそのまま使用することができるが、希釈して使用してもよい。希釈する場合には、α−リノレン酸の濃度が前記の数値範囲となるようにして希釈して調製することができる。 The fungicide of the present invention may contain any component other than the Kumazasa extract. Optional ingredients include pharmaceutically acceptable pharmaceutical additives. The fungicide of the present invention can be produced by mixing the Kumazasa extract with an arbitrary component. The fungicide of the present invention can be used as it is without diluting the Kumazasa extract, but it may be diluted and used. When diluting, it can be prepared by diluting so that the concentration of α-linolenic acid is within the above numerical range.

本発明の殺菌剤は口腔の殺菌に用いることができ、歯周病、歯肉炎、う蝕などの治療を目的とした歯科治療のために使用することができる。本発明の殺菌剤はまた、口腔以外の組織・器官の殺菌用途にも用いることができる。 The bactericide of the present invention can be used for sterilizing the oral cavity, and can be used for dental treatment for the purpose of treating periodontal disease, gingival inflammation, caries and the like. The bactericidal agent of the present invention can also be used for sterilizing tissues and organs other than the oral cavity.

本発明の別の面によれば、クマザサ属植物のアルカリ抽出物を光感受性物質として使用することを特徴とする光線力学療法による殺菌方法が提供される。本発明の殺菌方法は、本発明の殺菌剤の記載に従って実施することができる。 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of sterilization by photodynamic therapy, which comprises using an alkaline extract of a plant of the genus Kumazasa as a photosensitizer. The sterilizing method of the present invention can be carried out according to the description of the bactericidal agent of the present invention.

本発明の別の面によればまた、クマザサ属植物のアルカリ抽出物を調製することを特徴とする、光線力学療法に用いるための殺菌剤の製造方法が提供される。本発明の製造方法は、本発明の殺菌剤の記載に従って実施することができる。 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for producing a fungicide for use in photodynamic therapy, which comprises preparing an alkaline extract of a plant of the genus Kumazasa. The production method of the present invention can be carried out according to the description of the disinfectant of the present invention.

以下の例に基づき本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例に限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

例1:クマザサ抽出物中の有効成分(α−リノレン酸)
(1)方法
ア 試料調製
クマザサ属植物のアルカリ抽出物を主成分とするササヘルス(登録商標)(大和生物研究所)127mLを、同量の超純水(Milli Q水)で希釈し、それを200mLのn−ヘキサンで2回抽出し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した後、溶媒を留去した(52.4mg)。この画分の主成分をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル、メタノール−クロロホルム)とゲルろ過クロマトグラフィー(Sephadex LH-20(GEヘルスケア)、メタノール−クロロホルム)で精製し、42.1mgの油状物質を得た。
Example 1: Active ingredient in Kumazasa extract (α-linolenic acid)
(1) Method a Sample preparation Sasa Health (registered trademark) (Daiwa Biological Research Institute) 127 mL containing an alkaline extract of a plant of the genus Kumazasa as the main component is diluted with the same amount of ultrapure water (Milli Q water), and the mixture is diluted. The mixture was extracted twice with 200 mL of n-hexane, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated (52.4 mg). The main component of this fraction was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, methanol-chloro) and gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex LH-20 (GE Healthcare), methanol-chloro) to obtain 42.1 mg of an oily substance. ..

イ 分子構造解析
前記(1)アで調製した試料をCDClに溶解し、核磁気共鳴装置(JNM-ECZ400S、日本電子)を用いてH−NMRおよび13C−NMRを測定した。
1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3) δ10.21(1H, bs, COOH), 5.36(6H, m,H-9,10,12,13,15,16), 2.81(4H, m,H-11,14), 2.34(2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.06(4H, m, H-8,17), 1.63(2H, m, H-3), 1.32(8H, bs, H-4,5,6,7), 0.97(3H, t, J=7.6 Hz, terminal methyl).
13C NMR(100 MHz, CDCl3) δ180.5(s, C-1), 132.0, 130.3, 128.3, 128.3, 127.8, 127.2(d, C-8,9,12,13,15,16), 34.2(C-2), 29.6, 29.2, 29.1, 29.1(C-4,5,6,7), 27.3(C-8), 25.7, 25.6(C-11,14), 24.7(C-3), 20.6(C-17), 14.3(C-18).
B. Molecular structure analysis The sample prepared in (1) a above was dissolved in CDCl 3 , and 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR were measured using a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (JNM-ECZ400S, JEOL Ltd.).
1 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ10.21 (1H, bs, COOH), 5.36 (6H, m, H-9,10,12,13,15,16), 2.81 (4H, m, H-11) , 14), 2.34 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 2.06 (4H, m, H-8,17), 1.63 (2H, m, H-3), 1.32 (8H, bs, H-4, 5,6,7), 0.97 (3H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, terminal methyl).
13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ180.5 (s, C-1), 132.0, 130.3, 128.3, 128.3, 127.8, 127.2 (d, C-8,9,12,13,15,16), 34.2 (C-2), 29.6, 29.2, 29.1, 29.1 (C-4,5,6,7), 27.3 (C-8), 25.7, 25.6 (C-11,14), 24.7 (C-3) , 20.6 (C-17), 14.3 (C-18).

(2)結果
解析の結果、本試料の化合物は不飽和脂肪酸であり、参考とした国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所データベース(有機化合物のスペクトルデータベース SDBS)のデータとの比較より、α−リノレン酸((9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid、18:3(n-3)(ω−3脂肪酸))と決定された。
(2) Results As a result of the analysis, the compound of this sample is an unsaturated fatty acid, and α-linolenicene was compared with the data of the National Research and Development Corporation Industrial Technology Research Institute database (spectral database for organic compounds SDBS). It was determined to be an acid ((9Z, 12Z, 15Z) -9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 18: 3 (n-3) (ω-3 fatty acid)).

(3)考察
α−リノレン酸は、図1に示す推定経路により、光照射によってその不飽和部にラジカルを発生するとともに、さらに分子状酸素によって過酸化ラジカルを容易に生成すると考えられている。(油脂の過酸化反応理論 寺尾純二 日本調理化学会誌 28, 190-195 (1995))。これらのフリーラジカルや活性酸素種は細菌のDNAを損傷し、殺菌効果を示すと考えられている。一方、生体内にはこれらの活性酸素種を消去するスーパーオキシドディスムターゼ(SOD)やカタラーゼが存在することが知られており、活性酸素種を用いた殺菌力を向上する目的でこれらの酵素の阻害剤が開発されている(国際公開第2013/080366号公報)。
(3) Discussion It is considered that α-linolenic acid generates radicals in its unsaturated portion by light irradiation according to the estimation route shown in FIG. 1, and also easily generates radical peroxides by molecular oxygen. (Theory of Lipid Peroxidation of Oils and Fats Junji Terao Journal of the Japanese Society of Cooking Chemistry 28, 190-195 (1995)). These free radicals and reactive oxygen species are thought to damage bacterial DNA and exhibit bactericidal effects. On the other hand, it is known that superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase that scavenge these reactive oxygen species exist in the living body, and inhibition of these enzymes for the purpose of improving the bactericidal activity using the reactive oxygen species. Agents have been developed (International Publication No. 2013/080366).

通常α−リノレン酸は、水には不溶であり、さらに空気中の酸素により容易に酸化されて速やかに分解が進行する。それにも関わらずクマザサのアルカリ抽出物であるササヘルス中ではα−リノレン酸は約330μg/mLという高濃度で安定に水溶液として存在できることが確認された。ササヘルスはα−リノレン酸含有水溶液を提供するための態様として優れたものであるといえる。 Normally, α-linolenic acid is insoluble in water, and is easily oxidized by oxygen in the air to rapidly decompose. Nevertheless, it was confirmed that α-linolenic acid can stably exist as an aqueous solution at a high concentration of about 330 μg / mL in Sasa Health, which is an alkaline extract of Kumazasa. It can be said that Sasahealth is an excellent embodiment for providing an α-linolenic acid-containing aqueous solution.

例2:クマザサ抽出物と光線力学療法(PDT)による殺菌効果
光感受性物質としてクマザサ抽出物(ササヘルス)を用い、ダイオードレーザーによるPDTによる殺菌効果を評価した。
Example 2: Bactericidal effect of Kumazasa extract and photodynamic therapy (PDT) Kumazasa extract (Sasa Health) was used as a photosensitizer, and the bactericidal effect of PDT by diode laser was evaluated.

(1)方法
ア 細菌培養
評価対象の細菌にはエンテロコッカス・フェカーリス(Enterococcus faecalis、本明細書中では「E. faecalis」ということがある。)(BAA-2128(商標)、American Type Culture Collection(ATCC))を使用した。E. faecalisを5mLのブレインハートインフュージョン(BHI)培地(Sigma-Aldrich)で37℃、24時間培養し、マクファーランド比濁法によって0.2となるように調整した。1.5mLのチューブに約1×10個の菌を含む40μLの菌液と200μLのクマザサ抽出物(ササヘルス)(クマザサ抽出物を5.82%に希釈)を加えた。対照群にはササヘルスの代わりに200μLの滅菌蒸留水を加えたものを用いた。
(1) Method A Bacterial culture The bacteria to be evaluated include Enterococcus faecalis (sometimes referred to as "E. faecalis " in the present specification) (BAA-2128 ™, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). ))It was used. E. faecalis was cultured in 5 mL of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium (Sigma-Aldrich) at 37 ° C. for 24 hours and adjusted to 0.2 by the McFarland turbidimetric method. To a 1.5 mL tube, 40 μL of a bacterial solution containing about 1 × 10 7 bacteria and 200 μL of Kumazasa extract (Sasa Health) (diluted Kumazasa extract to 5.82%) were added. In the control group, 200 μL of sterile distilled water was added instead of Sasahealth.

イ レーザー照射
ダイオードレーザー(OPELASER Filio、吉田製作所)の波長は808nmで直径0.2μmのファイバーを用いて細菌培養液を入れた1.5mL容のチューブの底から6mmの位置で照射した(出力3W、連続波)。照射時間はそれぞれ10、20、30、40、50秒とした。対照群ではレーザー照射を行わず50秒間静置した。
B Laser irradiation A diode laser (OPELASER Filio, Yoshida Seisakusho) has a wavelength of 808 nm and is irradiated with a fiber having a diameter of 0.2 μm at a position 6 mm from the bottom of a 1.5 mL tube containing a bacterial culture solution (output 3 W). , Continuous wave). The irradiation time was 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds, respectively. In the control group, the mixture was allowed to stand for 50 seconds without laser irradiation.

ウ 殺菌効果の評価
レーザー照射後のそれぞれの細菌培養液から5μLを採り、1mLの滅菌蒸留水で希釈し、さらにそこから10μLを採って1mLの滅菌蒸留水で希釈した。そこから40μLを採って(菌数約300個)、BHI寒天プレート(52g/L蒸留水)に播種した。37℃、24時間培養した後に、出現したコロニー数を計測した。
C. Evaluation of bactericidal effect 5 μL was taken from each bacterial culture solution after laser irradiation and diluted with 1 mL of sterilized distilled water, and 10 μL was further taken and diluted with 1 mL of sterilized distilled water. From there, 40 μL was taken (about 300 bacteria) and seeded on a BHI agar plate (52 g / L distilled water). After culturing at 37 ° C. for 24 hours, the number of colonies that appeared was counted.

エ 統計解析
統計処理には、Mann−Whiney U−testを使用した。
D. Statistical analysis Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical processing.

(2)結果
結果は、図2に示す通りであった。対照群(A)と比較して、ササヘルスを用いたレーザー照射群では照射時間の増加とともに出現する菌数の低下が確認された(D〜H)。特に50秒照射群(H)では細菌の増殖は認められなかった。
(2) Results The results are as shown in FIG. Compared with the control group (A), in the laser irradiation group using Sasa Health, it was confirmed that the number of bacteria appearing decreased as the irradiation time increased (DH). In particular, no bacterial growth was observed in the 50-second irradiation group (H).

それぞれの実験群相互の統計学上の有意差は、表1に示す通りであった。実験群(B〜H)は対照群(A)との間に統計学上の有意差が認められた。また、実験群(C:ササヘルスなし、レーザー照射あり、D〜H:ササヘルスあり、レーザー照射あり)と実験群(B:ササヘルスあり、レーザー照射なし)との間に統計学上の有意差が認められた。 The statistically significant differences between the experimental groups are as shown in Table 1. A statistically significant difference was observed between the experimental group (B to H) and the control group (A). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed between the experimental group (C: without Sasahealth, with laser irradiation, D to H: with Sasahealth, with laser irradiation) and the experimental group (B: with Sasahealth, without laser irradiation). Was done.

Figure 2021116253
Figure 2021116253

(3)考察
歯科領域におけるPDTにおいては、(i)低毒性の光感受性物質、(ii)標的となる細菌の感受性、(iii)低侵襲性の適切な波長の光源の3つの要素が関連してその効果が左右されると考えられる。光源として用いたレーザー光により活性化された光感受性物質は、分子状酸素と反応して活性酸素種を発生する。至近距離で活性酸素種に接触した細菌は、そのDNAがダメージを受けて死滅する。この効果は細菌と活性酸素種の発生場所が離れることにより、急速に低下すると考えられている。
(3) Discussion In PDT in the dental field, three elements are related: (i) low-toxicity photosensitizer, (ii) sensitivity of target bacteria, and (iii) low-invasive light source of appropriate wavelength. It is thought that the effect depends on the effect. The photosensitive substance activated by the laser light used as a light source reacts with molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species. Bacteria that come into contact with reactive oxygen species at close range will be killed by damaging their DNA. This effect is thought to decrease rapidly as bacteria and reactive oxygen species are separated from each other.

例3に示した結果から、ササヘルスを用いたPDTにおいて、50秒間以上のダイオードレーザーの照射によりE. faecalis菌の数を効率的に減少させることができることが確認された。一方で10秒間のレーザー照射では、無照射の場合と比較して菌数は増加したが、これは短時間のレーザー照射では活性酸素種の発生が不十分な上、エネルギーを提供することによって細菌の生理活性を上げたものと推察された。 From the results shown in Example 3, it was confirmed that the number of E. faecalis can be efficiently reduced by irradiation with a diode laser for 50 seconds or longer in PDT using Sasahealth. On the other hand, laser irradiation for 10 seconds increased the number of bacteria compared to the case without irradiation, but this is because the generation of reactive oxygen species is insufficient with laser irradiation for a short time and bacteria are provided by providing energy. It was presumed that the physiological activity of the was increased.

ササヘルスは口腔内への溢出の際も問題ない溶液である。ササヘルスは昭和43年に承認された第3類医薬品であり、OTC医薬品としてすでに発売後50年以上が経過しているが、現時点で独立行政法人医薬品医療機器総合機構(PMDA)が提供する副作用情報データベースでは「ササヘルス」での該当情報はない。すなわち、ササヘルスは長期間にわたって極めて忍容性の高い医薬品として服用されてきたといえる。 Sasahealth is a solution that does not cause any problems when it overflows into the oral cavity. Sasa Health is a third-class drug approved in 1968, and more than 50 years have passed since its launch as an OTC drug. At present, side effect information provided by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) There is no corresponding information in "Sasa Health" in the database. In other words, it can be said that Sasa Health has been taken as an extremely tolerable drug for a long period of time.

以上の考察から、ササヘルスまたは同様の抽出法で調製したクマザサの抽出物は、PDTにおける低毒性の光感受性物質として極めて有用であり、産業上高い利用可能性が期待される

From the above considerations, the extract of Kumazasa prepared by Sasa Health or a similar extraction method is extremely useful as a low-toxicity photosensitizer in PDT, and is expected to have high industrial utility.

Claims (4)

クマザサ属植物のアルカリ抽出物を光感受性物質として含んでなる、光線力学療法に用いるための殺菌剤。 A fungicide for use in photodynamic therapy, which contains an alkaline extract of a plant of the genus Kumazasa as a photosensitizer. 前記アルカリ抽出物がα−リノレン酸またはその塩とクロロフィリン類またはその塩とを含む、請求項1に記載の殺菌剤。 The fungicide according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline extract contains α-linolenic acid or a salt thereof and chlorophyllins or a salt thereof. 殺菌剤中のα−リノレン酸またはその塩の濃度が1〜500μg/mLである、請求項2に記載の殺菌剤。 The disinfectant according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of α-linolenic acid or a salt thereof in the disinfectant is 1 to 500 μg / mL. 歯科治療に用いるための、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の殺菌剤。

The fungicide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, for use in dental treatment.

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JP2004323429A (en) * 2003-04-25 2004-11-18 Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd Method for producing extract of striped bamboo
JP2010059100A (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-18 Yokohama City Univ Antibacterial agent for gram-positive bacteria and antimicrobial activity potentiating agent
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JP2017154985A (en) * 2016-02-29 2017-09-07 国立大学法人徳島大学 Photoresponsive deodorant antibacterial agent

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WO2003105878A1 (en) * 2002-01-20 2003-12-24 株式会社鳳凰堂 Antibacterial agent and antibacterial composition
JP2004323429A (en) * 2003-04-25 2004-11-18 Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd Method for producing extract of striped bamboo
JP2010059100A (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-18 Yokohama City Univ Antibacterial agent for gram-positive bacteria and antimicrobial activity potentiating agent
JP2015214495A (en) * 2014-05-08 2015-12-03 櫻井 静 Antimicrobial agent
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