JP2021110564A - Collision test device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a collision test device that can directly observe deformation states of a front side member and bumper reinforcement at a collision speed close to a frontal collision test by a real car.SOLUTION: A collision test device 1 according to the present invention, in which a test piece 9 composed of a pair of left and right front side members 3, and a bumper reinforcement 7 connecting a front end side of the front side members is anchored to an anchor wall 11, conducts a frontal collision test by causing a collision body 13 to collide with a front face of the anchored test piece 9. The collision test device has: a back-up member 15 that extends in a width direction, and is provided between the pair of left and right front side members 3; and an energy absorption component 17 that is attached on a bumper reinforcement 7 side in the back-up member 15, and absorbs collision energy in the process of the collision body 13 intruding into the inside of the test piece 9 due to a frontal collision.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a collision test apparatus, and more particularly to a collision test apparatus used for a frontal collision test for evaluating the collision performance between a front side member which is a vehicle body skeleton member and a bumper reinforcement in a front end portion of an automobile.

Usually, in a collision test of an automobile, a dolly for a collision test having kinetic energy at a constant speed and weight is often collided instead of an actual vehicle. Well-known examples of the crash test used by the crash test trolley are the side collision test in which the collision test trolley collides with the side surface of the vehicle, and the collision test trolley with a rigid wall is collided from the rear of the vehicle. There is a rear crash test, etc. In this way, the collision test using the crash test trolley has been established as a standard test method for evaluating the collision safety performance of commercial vehicles such as JNCAP (Japan New Car Assessment Program), and has been continuously used. There is.

In the collision performance evaluation of vehicle body skeleton members related to the collision safety performance of automobiles, it is said that a collision test with an actual vehicle can reproduce the phenomenon at the time of an actual collision accident with the highest accuracy. However, the collision test using an actual vehicle enormously requires enormous cost and man-hours, and is not optimal for repeatedly evaluating the collision performance of a single vehicle body skeleton member.

Therefore, as the next best method for evaluating the collision performance of the vehicle body skeleton member at the front end portion without using the actual vehicle, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, the test object to be subject to the collision performance evaluation. There is a method in which a collision test trolley mounted or mounted on a frame is made to collide with a collision target, and the total kinetic energy of the collision test trolley is applied to the test object to measure the collision characteristics of the test object.
Further, as a test for evaluating the collision performance of a vehicle body skeleton member such as a bumper reinforcement, a three-point bending test by a static load, a drop weight test, a high-speed impact test and the like are performed.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-190586

In the frontal collision test with an actual vehicle, the front end body frame members (front side member / frame, front bumper reinforcement, etc.) that bear and transmit the collision load from the bumper are surrounded by other functional parts, resulting in a collision. It is difficult to directly observe the deformation state of the vehicle body skeleton member at the front end portion in the process.

Therefore, as a test to evaluate collision performance without using an actual vehicle, the front end part of the actual vehicle is assembled by assembling the body frame members and parts that pay attention to the bumper reinforcement, crash box and front side members that share the load at the time of collision. A simulated body is used as a test body, and as disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, a collision test using a collision test trolley to which the test body is attached, or a rigid body made of steel as a collision body on a test body fixed to a fixed wall. A collision test using a high-speed impact tester that causes a punch to collide at high speed can be mentioned.

In a collision test using such a test body, since there are no built-in parts such as an engine or other drive system parts or functional parts, the deformation process of the vehicle body skeleton member at the front end of the actual vehicle during the collision process is directly performed. It has the advantage of being observable.
On the other hand, the internal components of the actual vehicle as described above share a part of the load and absorb the collision energy at the time of the collision of the actual vehicle. It plays a role of delaying the collision speed and reducing the amount of collision objects entering the engine room by reducing the collision speed. In addition, since the radiator core (or radiator module) of these built-in components is arranged close to the rear of the front bumper, for example, in an offset frontal collision test, a collision occurs between the front of the engine and the front bumper against the intrusion of a colliding body. It is expected to have the effect of absorbing energy and suppressing local deformation and breakage of the bumper reinforcement.

However, in the frontal collision test using such a test body without built-in components, extreme bending deformation and breakage fracture of the bumper reinforcement, which does not occur in the frontal collision test of an actual vehicle, frequently occur. Therefore, in order to suppress these and control the deformation state of the bumper reinforcement to the same level as the actual vehicle, it was necessary to perform a collision test by significantly reducing the collision speed of the collision body that collides with the test body.

In recent years, it is known that press-molded parts using high-strength steel plates (high-tensile steel), which are often used for vehicle body skeleton members, are affected by the collision speed on the deformation behavior at the time of collision. Therefore, in contrast to the collision speed, which increases as the evaluation criteria for vehicle collision safety performance become stricter, the conventional collision test affects the accuracy of collision performance evaluation of vehicle body skeleton members press-molded with high-tensile steel plates. Was exerting.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and in evaluating the frontal collision performance of the front side member and the bumper reinforcement, which are the body frame members in the front end portion of the actual vehicle, a high-speed impact test is performed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a collision test device capable of reproducing the deformation behavior of the front side member and the bumper reinforcement at a collision speed close to the frontal collision test by an actual vehicle and evaluating the collision performance. ..

(1) The collision test apparatus according to the present invention has a pair of left and right front side members and their front end sides, or a crash box attached in front of a pair of left and right front side members and a bumper reinforcement that connects the front end side thereof. The test piece to be held is fixed to a fixed wall or floor surface, and the colliding body is made to collide with the front surface of the fixed test piece to perform a frontal collision test.
A backup member extending in the width direction and erected between the pair of left and right front side members,
It is characterized by having an energy absorbing component attached to the bumper reinforcement side of the backup member and absorbing collision energy in a process in which the colliding body invades the inside of the test body due to a frontal collision. ..

(2) In the one described in (1) above, the backup member is characterized in that it is mounted at an engine mount mounting position on the front side member.

(3) In the above-mentioned (1) or (2), the energy absorbing component is characterized by having a honeycomb structure.

In the present invention, a test body having a pair of left and right front side members and their front end side, or a crash box attached in front of a pair of left and right front side members and a bumper reinforcement for connecting the front end side thereof. A frontal collision test is performed by colliding a colliding body with the front surface of the fixed test body, which is fixed to a fixed wall or a floor surface, and a backup member erected between the pair of left and right front side members. An energy absorbing component that is attached to the bumper reinforcement side of the backup member and absorbs collision energy in the process of invading the inside of the test body after the collision body collides in front is provided. Even in the frontal collision test at the same collision speed as the frontal collision test with the actual vehicle, it is possible to suppress excessive deformation of the bumper reinforcement and the invasion of the colliding body into the test body, and it is suitable for the frontal collision test with the actual vehicle. It is possible to reproduce the deformation behavior of the front side member and bumper reinforcement at a close collision speed and evaluate the collision performance.

It is a top view which shows the specific structure of the collision test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the outline of the collision test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the honeycomb structure which is a specific example of the energy absorption component in the collision test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention ((a) plan view, (b) perspective view). It is a side view explaining the specific example of the energy absorption component in the collision test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and its mounting state.

Regarding the collision test device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the top views of FIGS. 1 and 2, the test body 9 simulating the front end portion of the actual vehicle is fixed to the fixed wall 11 to form the collision body 13. An example of directly observing the deformation behavior of the test body 9 by simulating an offset frontal collision test using an actual vehicle by causing an offset collision will be described below.

In the example of the collision test apparatus 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a test body 9 having a front side member 3, a crash box 5, and a bumper energy 7 is fixed to a fixed wall 11. The collision body 13 is made to collide with the front surface of the fixed test body 9 to perform a frontal collision test of the test body 9, and the backup member 15 and the energy absorbing component 17 are provided. ..

The test body 9 connects a pair of left and right front side members 3 extending in the front-rear direction, a crash box 5 attached to the front end of the front side member 3, and a front end side of the crash box 5 extending in the width direction. It has a bumper reinforcement 7 and simulates the front end portion of an actual vehicle.

The vehicle body skeleton members and parts used for the test body 9 can be arbitrarily selected, but the front side member 3 and the bumper reinforcement 7 which are the routes for transmitting the collision load to the cabin in the frontal collision test with the actual vehicle are the minimum. I need.

Further, it is preferable that the test body 9 has a crash box 5 attached to the front end of the front side member 3, but the crash box 5 is not always required, and the bumper reinforcement 7 is a front side member 3. The front end side may be connected.
The test body 9 may be provided with peripheral parts such as an apron, an upper member, and a suspension tower (spring house), if necessary.

The fixed wall 11 fixes the test body 9, and for example, a concrete wall or a steel structure can be used.

When fixing the test body 9 to the fixed wall 11, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the test body is installed by installing a load meter 19 on the mounting portion for fixing the rear end side of the front side member 3 on the fixed wall 11. The load in the process in which the colliding body 13 collides with 9 can be measured.

As shown in FIG. 1, the colliding body 13 collides with the front surface of the test body 9 fixed to the fixed wall 11, and is driven by the injection device 21 as shown in FIG. 2, for example.

As the injection device 21, a device using hydraulic pressure, gas pressure, or the like for driving the collision body 13 is suitable, and the collision body 13 can be ejected and moved in the horizontal direction at a collision speed equivalent to a frontal collision test of an actual vehicle. If it is, there are no particular restrictions.

Further, as the injection device 21, the colliding body 13 may be driven by using a device of a type that drops the colliding body 13. However, when the drop-down type injection device 21 is applied, there are many restrictions on the control of collision energy and energy, and it is necessary to have a speed control mechanism for moving the colliding body 13 at a predetermined collision speed.

The backup member 15 extends in the width direction and is erected between a pair of left and right front side members 3, and fixes the energy absorbing component 17 to give a reaction force at the time of a collision.
For the backup member 15, for example, a steel or aluminum square tube (column material) can be used. However, as long as the bending cross-sectional strength of the backup member 15 is equal to or higher than the strength of the bumper reinforcement 7, there are no particular restrictions on the shape, plate thickness, or the like.

Further, the backup member 15 assumes the front surface of the engine mounted on the front end portion of the actual vehicle, and is preferably installed at the engine mount mounting position 3a (FIG. 1) of the front side member 3, for example, a bolt. It may be erected by fixing. At this time, an engine mount (not shown) may be provided between the backup member 15 and the front side member 3, but the engine mount is not always required.

The energy absorbing component 17 is attached to the backup member 15 so as to be arranged behind the bumper reinforcement 7, and absorbs the collision energy in the process in which the colliding body 13 invades the inside of the test body 9 due to a frontal collision. Yes, it is intended for built-in components such as the radiator core of the actual vehicle.

The radiator core usually has a structure in which a thin tube through which a cooling liquid flows is arranged on an aluminum heat sink, and its deformation strength is lower than that of a skeleton member such as a front side member 3 or a bumper reinforcement 7. Therefore, it is desirable that the energy absorbing component 17 has a structure that does not generate a high reaction force at the time of collision. As a structure suitable for the energy absorbing component 17, a honeycomb structure 23 as illustrated in FIG. 3 can be mentioned.

The honeycomb structure 23 is formed by stacking a plurality of aluminum honeycomb cores 23b made of aluminum with an aluminum top plate 23a interposed therebetween, and providing an aluminum base plate 23c and a wooden laminated panel 23d at the bottom thereof.

Since the aluminum honeycomb core 23b is widely available and has various structures on the market, it is suitable for the energy absorbing component 17 which is discarded by being used in one collision test.

Then, as shown in the side view of FIG. 4, the honeycomb structure 23 may be attached by fixing the aluminum base plate 23c and the backup member 15 with bolts so as to be arranged behind the bumper reinforcement 7. At this time, it is preferable that the wooden laminated panel 23d is interposed between the aluminum base plate 23c and the backup member 15 so that the impact due to the collision can be alleviated from being transmitted to the backup member 15.

The dimensions and shape of the energy absorbing component 17 are free as long as they do not interfere with the mounting brackets of the front side member 3, the crash box 5 and the bumper reinforcement 7 in the width direction and the floor surface in the height direction. It can be set.

However, in the frontal collision test, since the collision body 13 invades the inside of the test body 9 through the bumper reinforcement 7, the shape and dimensions of the energy absorbing component 17 are based on the height direction of the bumper reinforcement 7. It is not desirable to leave a large distance.

As described above, according to the collision test apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, in the process in which the collision body 13 collides with the test body 9 fixed to the fixed wall 11 and invades the inside of the test body 9, the front of the test body 9 Since a part of the collision energy can be absorbed by the energy absorbing component 17 attached to the bumper reinforcement 7 side in the backup member 15 erected on the side member 3, the bumper reinforcement 7 is extremely bent and deformed or broken. Can be suppressed. As a result, even in the offset frontal collision test in which the occurrence of extreme bending deformation of the bumper reinforcement 7 and the intrusion of the colliding body 13 become excessive, the collision speed is not reduced and the collision speed is closer to that of the frontal collision test by the actual vehicle. The deformed state of the front side member 3 and the bumper collision force 7 can be directly observed.

Furthermore, by replacing only the test body 9, it is possible to repeat the frontal collision test of the test body 9 by changing the test conditions and the like, and the cost and man-hours can be reduced as compared with the frontal collision test using an actual vehicle. can.

The collision test apparatus according to the present invention may be provided with a high-speed camera that captures the deformation process of the test body due to the collision of the collision body. For example, a high-speed camera having a plurality of fields of view around the collision point. Should be placed.
Then, the collision process and deformation transition of the test body are measured by taking a picture with a high-speed camera having a plurality of fields of view and measuring the reaction force by a load meter installed at the mounting portion of the test body on the fixed wall. As described above, according to the collision test apparatus according to the present invention, there are few built-in parts of the test body, the front side member and the bumper reinforcement in the collision process have good visibility, and simultaneous imaging from the upper surface / lower surface and the outer surface of the collision is possible. Therefore, analysis synchronized with the load meter is possible.

In the above description, as shown in FIG. 1, the test body 9 was fixed to the fixed wall 11, but in the present invention, the test body is fixed to the floor surface, that is, in the test body. The rear end side of the front side member may be attached to the floor surface.

As a specific example of the collision test device according to the present invention, a case of evaluating the collision performance of the vehicle body skeleton member of the front end portion assuming a small passenger car will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

First, a test body 9 simulating the front end portion of the target small passenger car is prepared.
For the test body 9, we obtained spare parts for the front bumper assembly (bumper reinforcement 7 and crash box 5) and the front side member assembly on the left side (LH side) and right side (RH side) of the vehicle body, and spot-welded them. Use the one assembled by arc welding. Here, as the front side member 3 of the test body 9, only the front side straight portion of the front side member assembly is cut off. Then, the tab plate 25 is arc-welded to the cut surface of the cut front side member 3 to serve as a bolt attachment portion to the fixed wall 11.

The backup member 15 is assumed to have bolt mounting brackets welded to both ends of a 100 mm × 100 mm × t4.0 mm square steel pipe. Then, the backup member 15 is erected between the front side member 3 on the LH side and the front side member 3 on the RH side at the engine mount mounting position 3a on the front side member 3 via an engine mount bracket which is a commercially available spare part.

The honeycomb structure 23 shown in FIG. 3 is applied to the energy absorbing component 17.
The honeycomb structure 23 has an aluminum honeycomb core 23b (material 5052, thickness 46 μm, cell size d = 6.3 mm, height 50 mm) bonded and laminated via an aluminum top plate 23a (plate thickness 0.4 mm) on the bottom. Is provided with an aluminum base plate 23c (material 5052-O, plate thickness 3.0 mm) and a wooden laminated panel 23d (plate thickness 18 mm).
As shown in the side view of FIG. 4, the honeycomb structure 23 manufactured in this way is attached by bolting the aluminum base plate 23c to the front end portion of the backup member 15 via the wooden laminated panel 23d.

Next, the test body 9 provided with the backup member 15 and the honeycomb structure 23 which is an energy absorbing component is attached to the fixed wall 11.

The collision body 13 is made of steel and has a weight of 500 kg (collision surface dimensions W600 mm × H250 mm). The layout of the colliding body 13 is such that the position offset to the right by 300 mm from the center line in the width direction of the test body 9 is the locus center line (movement direction) of the colliding body 13.

Subsequently, the colliding body 13 is made to collide with the front surface of the test body 9 fixed to the fixed wall 11. In this embodiment, the collision speed of the colliding body 13 is 54 km / h.

Then, in this embodiment, high-speed cameras having a plurality of fields of view are arranged above and to the right of the collision point, and the deformation state of the test body 9 before and after the collision is photographed and recorded by the high-speed camera.

As described above, according to the performance evaluation of the vehicle body skeleton member in the offset frontal collision according to the present embodiment, for example, the materials of the front side members 3 on the left and right sides of the test body 9 can be changed, or the offset of the test body 9 can be changed. A part of the front side member 3 on the collision side can be replaced with a prototype by changing the material, and the influence of the material on the collision performance of the front side member 3 can be evaluated. Further, in the bumper reinforcement 7, the material can be changed and the influence of the material on the collision performance can be evaluated.

1 Crash test equipment 3 Front side member 3a Engine mount mounting position 5 Crash box 7 Bumper reinforcement 9 Specimen 11 Fixed wall 13 Collision body 15 Backup member 17 Energy absorption parts 19 Load meter 21 Injection device 23 Honeycomb structure 23a Aluminum top plate 23b Aluminum honeycomb core 23c Aluminum base plate 23d Wooden laminated panel 25 Tab plate

Claims (3)

A test piece having a pair of left and right front side members and their front end side, or a crash box attached in front of a pair of left and right front side members and a bumper reinforcement connecting the front end side thereof is a fixed wall or floor surface. It is a collision test device that is fixed to and performs a frontal collision test by colliding a collision body with the front surface of the fixed test body.
A backup member extending in the width direction and erected between the pair of left and right front side members,
A collision test apparatus having an energy absorbing component attached to the bumper reinforcement side of the backup member and absorbing collision energy in a process in which the collision body invades the inside of the test body due to a frontal collision. .. The collision test device according to claim 1, wherein the backup member is mounted at an engine mount mounting position on the front side member. The collision test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the energy absorbing component has a honeycomb structure.

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