JP2021110156A - Construction method of structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a construction method of a structure capable of simplifying construction.SOLUTION: Steel core materials 11 are arranged side by side, and air tubes 12 are provided between the adjacent core materials 11 to assemble an inner form. A hardening material 13 is sprayed and applied to the outside of the inner form to construct the outer shell part of the structure. Thereafter, the air tubes 12 are removed, and concrete 20 is placed and filled inside the hardening material 13 in a state in which the core materials 11 are left. Thus, the structure 1 is constructed by the hardening material 13, the core materials 11 and the concrete 20.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a method for constructing a structure.

When constructing a concrete structure such as a pier or a column, it is common to assemble reinforcing bars, assemble a formwork, place concrete, cure it to a predetermined age, and then remove the mold.

As described above, when constructing the concrete structure, a plurality of work types are mixed and the work is complicated. In recent years, there has been a tendency for construction engineers to become in short supply, and the number of carpenter workers has decreased significantly, and it is expected that it will be difficult to secure carpenter personnel in the future.

Therefore, in recent years, the development of a simpler construction method has been required. As an example, the outer shell part of the pier is formed by a concrete precast panel in which a reinforcing bar or an intermediate reinforcing bar is embedded, and then inside the outer shell part. There is a SPER method for filling concrete (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-148108

In the SPER method, the construction can be simplified by using a concrete precast panel for the construction of the outer shell portion. However, there is a seam between adjacent precast panels, and if a deterioration factor invades from the seam, the bridge pedestal may be deteriorated due to corrosion of internal reinforcing bars and the soundness may be impaired. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately process the seams between the precast panels to prevent the invasion of such deterioration factors, and it takes time and effort to construct the joints.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a structure capable of simplifying construction.

In the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, the step (a) of applying the curing material to the outside of the inner mold and the filler inside the curing material by leaving at least a part of the inner mold. Is a method for constructing a structure, which comprises constructing a structure made of the cured material, at least a part of the inner formwork, and the filler by the step (b) of filling.

In the present invention, the outer shell portion of the structure is constructed by applying the curing material to the outside of the inner formwork. By applying the hardened material to the inner formwork and constructing the outer shell part instead of pouring (casting) the hardened material into the formwork, the outer formwork becomes unnecessary when constructing the outer shell part. , No seams occur in the outer shell. Further, since at least a part of the inner formwork is left and used as a structure, the construction of the structure can be simplified as a whole. Further, the above-mentioned hardened material also functions as a formwork when filling the filler, and since the usual formwork work is omitted, it is possible to cope with a shortage of carpenter's workers.

It is desirable to apply the cured material by spraying.
In the present invention, the curing material can be easily applied by spraying the curing material on the outside of the inner mold. In this case, spraying work is required, but the hardening material can be sprayed using a normal spraying machine, and even a general worker can work.

It is desirable that the inner formwork has a plurality of steel core materials arranged side by side. For example, the inner mold is provided with a bag body expanded by gas between adjacent core materials, and the bag body is removed between the step (a) and the step (b). ..
In the present invention, a plurality of steel core materials can be used side by side as the inner formwork. The highly rigid core material has a function of reinforcing the hardened material when the filler is filled, and the lateral pressure at the time of filling can be mainly borne by the core material. Further, by using the core material and the bag body that expands by gas, the inner mold can be easily formed. The bag body can be easily installed and removed, is easy to transport, and does not take up space for storage. Further, when the structure is constructed by leaving the core material, the core material also functions as a reinforcing material of the structure.

It is also desirable that the inner formwork includes a net-like member to which the curing material is applied. It is also desirable to include a sheet-like member having a convex portion on the outside.
With these configurations, the adhesiveness of the curing material applied to the outside of the inner mold can be enhanced.

It is also desirable that the inner formwork recedes inward as it goes down and the hardened material is applied thicker as it goes down.
The lateral pressure at the time of filling the filler increases as it goes downward. Therefore, if the cured material is applied thicker as it goes downward, the rigidity that can withstand the lateral pressure can be reasonably secured over the entire height of the cured material. At this time, by retracting the inner mold inward as it goes downward, the outer surface of the cured material can be formed into a shape that fits well in the vertical direction.

In the step (a), it is also desirable that a horizontal member is arranged between the inner molds at opposite positions, and both ends of the horizontal member are embedded in the hardened material.
By integrating the end portion of the horizontal material with the cured material in this way, the horizontal material can function as a separator, and a structure capable of withstanding the lateral pressure at the time of filling can be obtained.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for constructing a structure that can simplify construction.

The figure which shows the construction method of a structure. The figure which shows the construction method of a structure. An example in which a frame member is used as the core material 11. An example of using the horizontal lumber 18 as a separator. The figure which shows the construction method of a structure. The figure which shows the construction method of a structure. The figure which shows the construction method of a structure. The figure which shows the example which sprays the spray material to the structure 1a'and the lath net 15. An example in which a concavo-convex sheet 15a is used as the inner formwork. The figure which shows the construction method of a structure.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
1 and 2 are diagrams showing each step in the method for constructing a structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a columnar structure such as a pier or a column is constructed, and first, as shown in FIG. 1A, a plurality of core members 11 are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the structure.

The core material 11 is a steel member having high rigidity, and H-shaped steel is used as the core material 11 in the portion corresponding to the side surface of the plane of the structure, and the axial direction thereof is arranged in the vertical direction. Adjacent H-section steels are arranged so that the ends of the flanges face each other. On the other hand, angle steel is used as the core material 11 at the portion corresponding to the corner of the plane of the structure, and the axial direction thereof is arranged as the vertical direction. The angle steel is arranged so that the corners of the cross section orthogonal to the axial direction face outward. The "outside" refers to the outside side of the structure, and the opposite side, that is, the central side in the plane of the structure is referred to as the "inside".

Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the air tube 12 is arranged between the adjacent core materials 11. The air tube 12 is a tubular bag body, and is used by injecting air (gas) and expanding it. The air tube 12 is arranged so as to be in close contact with the core material 11.

When the air tube 12 is arranged between all the adjacent core materials 11 as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the core material 11 and the air tube 12 form an inner formwork having a square-shaped closed cross section in a plan view. It is formed.

Then, as shown in FIG. 1D, the curing material 13 is applied to the outside of the inner mold. A cement-based material such as concrete or mortar can be used for the hardened material 13.

In the present embodiment, the curing material 13 is sprayed on the outside of the inner mold using the spraying machine a, so that the curing material 13 is applied by the work on the side of the inner mold. FIG. 2A shows a state after the coating of the curing material 13 is completed. The surface of the cured material 13 after spraying is, for example, manually iron-finished to make it smooth.

After that, the curing material 13 is cured to cure the curing material 13, whereby the outer shell portion of the structure is constructed. It is also possible to add a known curing accelerator to the curing material 13 in order to accelerate the curing. By applying the curing material 13 to construct the outer shell portion, the outer shell portion can have a seamless structure.

After that, as shown in FIG. 2B, the air tube 12 used as the inner formwork is removed from between the core materials 11. The air tube 12 can be easily removed by removing the gas inside. On the other hand, the core material 11 used as the inner formwork is left as it is.

After removing all the air tubes 12, concrete 20 as a filler is cast and filled inside the hardened material 13 as shown in FIG. 2 (c). When the concrete 20 is cast to a predetermined height as shown in FIG. 2D, a structure 1 in which the core material 11 and the concrete 20 are provided inside the outer shell portion of the hardened material 13 is constructed. If necessary, reinforcing bars (not shown) such as shear reinforcing bars, main bars, and force distribution bars can be embedded inside the structure 1. In this case, reinforcement is arranged before filling the concrete 20 at the latest. ..

As described above, in the present embodiment, the outer shell portion of the structure 1 is constructed by applying the curing material 13 to the outside of the inner formwork. Instead of pouring (casting) the hardened material 13 into the mold, the outer shell portion is constructed by applying the hardened material 13 to the inner mold, so that the outer mold can be constructed when the outer shell portion is constructed. It becomes unnecessary and there is no seam in the outer shell part. Further, since the core material 11 which is a part of the inner formwork is left and used as the structure 1, the construction of the structure 1 can be simplified as a whole. Further, the hardened material 13 also functions as a formwork at the time of placing the concrete 20, and since the usual formwork work is omitted, it is possible to cope with a shortage of carpenter's workers.

Further, in the present embodiment, the curing material 13 can be easily applied by spraying the curing material 13 on the outside of the inner mold. Although a spraying work is required in the present embodiment, the curing material 13 can be sprayed by using a normal spraying machine a, and even a general worker can work.

Further, in the present embodiment, by using the steel core material 11 and the air tube 12 that expands by gas, the inner formwork forming the coated surface of the cured material 13 can be easily formed. The air tube 12 can be easily installed and removed, is easy to carry, and does not take up space for storage. Further, the highly rigid core material 11 has a function of reinforcing the hardened material 13 at the time of placing the concrete 20, and the side pressure at the time of placing can be mainly borne by the core material 11. Further, by constructing the structure 1 with the core material 11 left behind, the core material 11 also functions as a reinforcing material for the structure 1, and the amount of reinforcing bars inside the structure 1 can be reduced or omitted. can. Further, by integrating the hardened material 13 and the concrete 20 via the core material 11, it is possible to construct a highly durable structure 1 having high strength.

However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, in the present embodiment, the plane of the structure 1 is rectangular and the inner formwork has a square-shaped closed cross section, but the shape of the structure 1 is not particularly limited, and the shape of the inner formwork can be freely changed. Various structures 1 can be set and constructed. For example, it is possible to construct a structure having a circular plane with the inner formwork as a cylinder. Further, although the columnar structure 1 is constructed in the present embodiment, it is also possible to construct a wall-shaped structure, for example. Further, depending on the shape of the structure, construction conditions, etc., the inner formwork may not have a closed cross section.

Further, ultra-high strength fiber reinforced concrete can also be used as the curing material 13. Since the hardened material 13 is mixed with steel fibers and has high tensile strength, the amount of reinforcing bars inside the structure 1 can be further reduced or omitted.

Further, in the present embodiment, the curing material 13 is applied by spraying, but the coating method of the curing material 13 is not limited to spraying, and the curing material 13 may be applied by a plastering method. Further, it is also possible to use an automatic coating device (3D printer) that automatically coats the curing material 13 based on the three-dimensional data of the finished shape of the outer shell portion of the structure 1, and the number of workers is reduced. can.

Further, in the present embodiment, concrete 20 is cast and filled inside the hardened material 13, but the filling material filled inside the hardened material 13 is not limited to this, and may differ depending on the individual structure 1 and the like. ..

Further, in the present embodiment, angle steel or H-shaped steel is used as the core material 11, but other steel members may be used. For example, a truss member in which steel materials are combined in a truss shape or a frame member in which steel materials are combined in a ladder shape may be used as the core material 11.

The frame member has, for example, a highly rigid ladder-like structure formed by connecting a pair of vertical frame portions 111 by a connecting portion 112 as shown in FIG. 3A. The plane of the vertical frame portion 111 has a concave shape, and a folded portion 111a that is folded back in a direction away from the concave character is provided at a portion corresponding to the upper end of the concave character.

The pair of vertical frame portions 111 are arranged with the bottom portions of the concave characters back to back. The connecting portions 112 are provided at intervals at the top and bottom, and connect the bottom portions of the vertical frame portion 111 to each other. A plurality of openings 114 are provided at the bottom portion of the vertical frame portion 111 at intervals above and below.

The adjacent frame members are arranged so that the folded portions 111a face each other, and the air tube 12 is arranged between the adjacent frame members as shown by the arrow in FIG. 3 (a). A frame can be formed, and the outer shell portion of the structure can be constructed by applying the curing material 13 to the outside thereof. FIG. 3B is a plan view showing a state after the hardened material 13 is applied to the outside of the inner formwork in the case where the above-mentioned frame member is used instead of the above-mentioned H-shaped steel as the core material 11. be.

After that, the structure can be constructed by removing the air tube 12 and placing concrete 20 inside the hardened material 13 in the same manner as described above. The frame member is a highly rigid and lightweight steel member, and can reasonably secure the rigidity that can withstand the lateral pressure at the time of placing the concrete 20. Further, since the frame member has a structure in which steel materials are combined in a ladder shape, the frame member is highly integrated with the filler, and the effect as a reinforcing material of the structure 1 can be enhanced. The cost of steel materials can be expected to be reduced by using a frame member for formwork support that is commercially available as a standard product.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 4A, a horizontal member 18 is arranged between the inner forms at opposite positions, both end portions 181 thereof are projected from the inner formwork, and both end portions 181 are made of a hardened material 13. It may be buried in and integrated. As a result, the horizontal member 18 can be used as a separator to have a structure capable of withstanding the lateral pressure when the concrete 20 is cast. The horizontal member 18 is arranged before the curing material 13 is applied.

As the horizontal member 18, for example, a reinforcing bar such as the shear reinforcing bar described above can be used, and by arranging the horizontal member 18 over a reinforcing member (not shown) of a structure including other reinforcing bars. , The resistance to the lateral pressure at the time of placing the concrete 20 is improved. However, the horizontal member 18 is not limited to this. Further, in the example of FIG. 4A, the frame member is used as the core material 11, and the horizontal member 18 is arranged through the opening 114 (see FIG. 3A) to interfere with the air tube 12. Can be avoided.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, a fixing portion may be provided by increasing the diameter of the end portion 181 of the horizontal member 18 to increase the fixing force to the cured material 13. Further, as shown in FIG. 4C, a grid-like mesh streak 182 may be provided in the vicinity of the fixing portion to reinforce the curing material 13 in the vicinity of the fixing portion. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4D, the curing material 13 in the vicinity of the fixing portion may be applied thicker than the others to enhance the fixing effect. In the present embodiment, since the curing material 13 is provided by coating, the thickness of the curing material 13 can be easily increased.

Hereinafter, another example of the present invention will be described as a second and third embodiment. Each embodiment will be described in terms of differences from the embodiments described so far, and the same points will be omitted by giving the same reference numerals in figures and the like. In addition, the configurations described in each embodiment, including the first embodiment, can be combined as needed.

[Second Embodiment]
5 and 7 are views showing a method of constructing a structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The second embodiment is an example in which the structure of the inner mold to be coated with the curing material 13 is different.

That is, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5A, the lath net 15 is supported by the vertical support member 14 provided at the portion corresponding to the corner of the plane of the structure, and the lath net 15 is square-shaped in a plan view. The mold is arranged so as to have a closed cross section, and an inner mold for applying the curing material 13 is formed. Further, a mesh streak 17 is provided on the outside of the lath net 15, and a spacer 16 is arranged between the lath net 15 and the mesh streak 17. As the support member 14, for example, a reinforcing bar such as the above-mentioned main bar can be used, but the support member 14 is not limited to this.

As shown in FIG. 5B, the lath net 15 is a steel net-like member. The mesh bar 17 is a steel mesh member having a larger mesh than the lath net 15, and is formed by combining vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars in a grid pattern.

Also in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6A, the outer shell portion of the structure is constructed by applying the curing material 13 to the outside of the lath net 15 (inner formwork). As shown in FIG. 6B, the curing material 13 is applied by spraying, and the sprayed cured material 13 is held by the lath net 15. The mesh streaks 17 are embedded in the hardening material 13 to reinforce the hardening material 13.

After the hardened material 13 is hardened, the structure 1a is constructed by placing and filling the concrete 20 inside the hardened material 13 as shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the lath net 15 used as the inner formwork is left as it is and embedded in the structure 1a.

Also in the second embodiment, after applying the hardening material 13 to the outside of the lath net 15, the concrete 20 is cast inside the hardening material 13 while leaving the lath net 15 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. , The structure 1a can be easily constructed.

Further, by using the lath net 15 as an inner mold when the curing material 13 is applied, the adhesiveness of the curing material 13 is improved. Further, the adhesiveness between the lath net 15 and the concrete 20 is also improved, and a high-strength structure 1a in which the hardened material 13 and the concrete 20 are integrated via the lath net 15 can be constructed.

Further, by embedding the mesh streaks 17 in the hardened material 13, the lateral pressure at the time of placing the concrete 20 is also applied to the mesh streaks 17, and the tensile stress generated in the hardened material 13 can be reduced. Further, since the hardening material 13 of the outer shell portion of the structure 1a is reinforced by the mesh streaks 17, the durability of the structure 1a can be improved, and the reduction of the reinforcing streaks inside the structure 1a can be expected.

As a method of reinforcing the hardened material 13, it is effective to embed a reinforcing material such as a mesh streak 17 and to adjust the shape and thickness of the hardened material 13. The shape of the hardened material 13 can be various depending on the shape of the inner mold. For example, as shown in the structure 1a'of FIG. 8A, a vertically recessed groove portion 151 is provided in the lath net 15. A convex rib is formed inside the hardened material 13 to improve the rigidity of the hardened material 13 and improve the integrity of the hardened material 13 and the concrete 20 inside the hardened material 13.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, a spraying material b such as resin may be sprayed on the lath net 15 before the curing material 13 is applied. As a result, the mesh of the lath net 15 becomes smaller, it is possible to prevent the hardened material 13 from slipping through the lath net 15 when the curing material 13 is applied, and the lath net 15 itself is reinforced to improve the rigidity.

Further, the mesh streaks 17 may be used instead of the lath net 15, and as shown in FIG. 9A, the uneven sheet 15a may be used as an inner formwork when the curing material 13 is applied. The concavo-convex sheet 15a is a sheet-like member having a plurality of convex portions 152 on the outside, and is formed of a rigid material such as mortar, resin concrete, or resin. A large number of convex portions 152 are arranged vertically and horizontally on the outside of the concave-convex sheet 15a.

FIG. 9A shows a state in which the hardening material 13 is applied to the outside of the uneven sheet 15a to construct the outer shell portion of the structure, and then the concrete 20 is cast and filled inside the hardening material 13. Can construct the structure 1a ”shown in FIG. 9B.

Similar to the lath net 15, the use of the concave-convex sheet 15a also improves the adhesiveness of the cured material 13 due to the large number of convex portions 152. A reinforcing material can be embedded in the hardened material 13, and in this case, a steel material 31 such as a reinforcing bar may be arranged outside the uneven sheet 15a before the hardened material 13 is applied, for example, as shown in FIG. 9 (c). .. In the example of FIG. 9C, the steel material 31 in the oblique direction is arranged on the outside of the concave-convex sheet 15a so as to avoid the convex portion 152. Further, a convex portion may be provided on the inside of the concavo-convex sheet 15a as well as on the outside to enhance the integrity of the hardened material 13 and the concrete 20 via the concavo-convex sheet 15a.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a method of constructing a structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The third embodiment is an example in which the coating thickness of the curing material 13 is changed according to the height.

That is, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10A, the shape of the inner formwork 19 to which the curing material is applied is retracted inward as it goes downward, and the cross-sectional area of the inner space is reduced. The inner form 19 has a square-shaped closed cross section in a plan view.

Also in this embodiment, the outer shell portion of the structure is constructed by applying the curing material 13 to the outside of the inner form 19, but as shown in FIG. 10B, the curing material 13 is applied thicker as it goes downward. The thickness Tt at the top is the smallest, and the thickness Tb at the bottom is the largest. The shape of the inner mold 19 is recessed inward in response to the above-mentioned change in coating thickness, and as a result, the outer surface of the cured material 13 is formed along the vertical direction.

After applying the hardened material 13 in this way, the structure 1b is constructed by placing concrete 20 inside the hardened material 13 as shown in FIG. 10 (c). In this embodiment, the inner formwork 19 is left as it is.

Also in the third embodiment, after the curing material 13 is applied to the outside of the inner formwork 19, the concrete 20 is cast inside the hardening material 13 while leaving the inner formwork 19 to form the first embodiment. Similarly, the construction of the structure 1b can be easily performed.

Further, in the present embodiment, the cured material 13 is applied thicker as it goes downward, because the lateral pressure at the time of placing the concrete 20 increases as it goes downward. That is, if the cured material 13 is applied thicker as it goes downward and the thickness of the cured material 13 matches the above-mentioned distribution of the lateral pressure, the rigidity that can withstand the lateral pressure is rational over the total height of the cured material 13. Can be secured. Further, in the present embodiment, the inner mold 19 has a shape that recedes inward as it goes downward in response to the above-mentioned change in the thickness of the hardened material 13, so that the outer surface of the hardened material 13 is formed along the vertical direction. It can be made into a shape that fits well.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is clear that a person skilled in the art can come up with various modifications or modifications within the scope of the technical idea disclosed in the present application, and these also naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. Understood.

1, 1a, 1a', 1a ", 1b: Structure 11: Core material 12: Air tube 13: Hardened material 15: Lath net 15a: Concavo-convex sheet 18: Horizontal material 19: Inner formwork 20: Concrete

Claims (8)

Step (a) of applying the curing material to the outside of the inner mold,
The step (b) of filling the inside of the cured material with the filler while leaving at least a part of the inner mold.
A method for constructing a structure, which comprises constructing a structure made of the cured material, at least a part of the inner formwork, and the filler. The method for constructing a structure according to claim 1, wherein the cured material is applied by spraying. The method for constructing a structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner formwork has a plurality of steel core materials arranged side by side. The inner mold is provided with a bag body expanded by gas between adjacent core materials.
The method for constructing a structure according to claim 3, wherein the bag body is removed between the step (a) and the step (b). The method for constructing a structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner formwork includes a net-like member to which the curing material is applied. The method for constructing a structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner formwork includes a sheet-like member having a convex portion on the outside. The inner formwork recedes inward as it goes downwards.
The method for constructing a structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cured material is applied thicker as it goes downward. Claims 1 to 1, wherein in the step (a), a horizontal member is arranged between the inner molds at opposite positions, and both ends of the horizontal member are embedded in the hardened material. The method for constructing the structure according to any one of 7.

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