JP2021103916A - Power management method and power management system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a power management method and a power management system by which power can be generated with compressed air that is accumulated with surplus power.SOLUTION: With surplus power, compressed air is supplied into a tank 30 disposed in a water storage pond 15 of a dam 10. In this case, the compressed air resists a pressure corresponding to the depth from the water surface of the water storage pond 15 so that the volume of the tank 30 is increased. When the volume reaches the upper limit, the compressed air is released from holes in a perforated pipe 26 connected to the tank 30, and boiling is executed. As a result, sand sediment around the perforated pipe 26 becomes airborne with the compressed air, flows along with a downstream flow of water in the water storage pond 15, and is discharged from the water storage pond 15. Furthermore, the compressed air accumulated in the tank 30 is discharged, at a fixed pressure, via a regulator 23 provided to a pressure hose 22.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a power management method and a power management system for managing power in a dam.

Conventionally, a compressed air storage body that converts energy such as surplus electric power into pressure using air as a medium and stores compressed air in water is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). In the energy storage device described in Patent Document 1, a container whose volume can be changed is settled on the seabed or the like where a hydraulic action can be obtained, and a compressor / turbine connected to this container via a communication pipe and an electric / generator connected thereto. Is installed on land. Compressed air obtained by driving a compressor / turbine with an electric generator is filled in a container against water pressure to store energy, and the compressed air filled in the container is gradually charged by the water pressure around the container. It releases energy to drive the compressor turbine. Patent Document 2 includes an air compressor, an air supply pipe connected to one end of the air compressor, and a pressure air accommodating body connected to the other end of the air supply pipe, and releases pressure when power is required. The storage facility for the energy to be generated is described.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 58-214608 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 62-294723

It is also possible to store surplus electricity using the reservoir of the dam. However, in the case of a dam reservoir, there are restrictions on the area and amount of water. That is, it is necessary to arrange the container in a limited area. In addition, when the reservoir is full or drought, the head pressure to the container placed in the reservoir fluctuates depending on the water level. When converting compressed air into electric power, pressure fluctuations affect power generation efficiency.

The power management method for solving the above problems is a method of managing surplus power using a container arranged in the reservoir of the dam. The container has a variable volume, and the surplus power is used at the time of power storage. The air blower is operated to supply compressed air to the container against the water pressure of the reservoir while expanding the volume of the container, and at the time of power generation, the volume of the container is increased according to the water level of the reservoir. While reducing the volume, compressed air whose pressure has been adjusted is supplied to the power generator for operation.

According to the present invention, it is possible to generate electricity using compressed air accumulated by surplus electric power.

A side view of the power management system arranged in the reservoir of the dam in the embodiment. Top view of the power management system arranged in the reservoir of the dam in the embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the structure of the variable volume tank in embodiment, (a) shows the case of the minimum volume, and (b) shows the case of the maximum volume. The flow chart explaining the processing procedure of the power storage process in an embodiment. It is explanatory drawing explaining the state of boiling in an embodiment, (a) shows the state at the start of boiling, (b) shows the state during boiling. In the modified example, it is a power management system in which a weight is placed on the lid of the tank according to the height of the water surface of the reservoir of the dam, (a) is when the reservoir is full, and (b) is when the reservoir is drought. When the volume of the tank is maximum, (c) indicates when the reservoir is drought and the volume of the tank is small.

Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the power management method and the power management system are embodied will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. In this embodiment, a power management method and a power management system for managing surplus power of hydroelectric power generated by a dam will be described.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the reservoir 15 of the dam 10, the power management system 20 is arranged in a portion near the downstream. The power management system 20 includes tanks 30 as a plurality of containers.

As shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of tanks 30 are communicated with each other via the connecting pipe 21. A compressor and a rotor device (not shown) are connected to the tank 30 via a pressure resistant hose 22. Then, the air is blown by rotating the rotor in the compressor and the rotor device using the surplus electric power via the pressure-resistant hose 22. In addition, compressed air is used to rotate the rotor in the rotor device to generate electricity. In the present embodiment, the rotor device functions as a blower that supplies compressed air to the tank 30 and a power generation device that generates electricity using the compressed air supplied from the tank 30. Compressed air is supplied to the tank 30, and the compressed air accumulated in the tank 30 is sent out. The pressure-resistant hose 22 is provided with a regulator 23 as a pressure adjusting mechanism at the end on the generator side. The regulator 23 sets the pressure of the compressed air to be delivered to a predetermined pressure.

Further, a plurality of perforated pipes 26 are connected to the tank 30 via an electromagnetic valve 25. The plurality of perforated pipes 26 are arranged in a fan shape in which the horizontal spacing increases toward the upstream. Each perforated pipe 26 includes a horizontal portion connected to the solenoid valve 25 and an inclined portion 26a bent from an end portion of the horizontal portion. A plurality of holes are formed in the inclined portion 26a. These holes have a structure that allows water and air to pass through but not sand.

The solenoid valve 25 uses electric power to communicate or shut off the inside of the tank 30 and the perforated pipe 26. In the present embodiment, even if the volume of the tank 30 is maximized, if there is still surplus electric power, the inside of the tank 30 and the perforated pipe 26 are communicated with each other to supply compressed air to the perforated pipe 26. ..

Further, the power management system 20 includes a control device 28. The control device 28 executes a power adjustment process described later to control the adjustment of the regulator 23 and the opening / closing of the solenoid valve 25. The control device 28 stores the time when the solenoid valve 25 is opened, and determines that sand removal is necessary when a predetermined time or more has elapsed from the previous opening operation time.

As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the tank 30 includes a cylindrical main body 31 and a lid member 32 that seals the main body 31 and can move up and down. In the tank 30, the volume of compressed air accumulated inside can be changed by moving the lid member 32 up and down. A weight portion 35 for preventing the tank 30 from floating is provided on the bottom surface portion of the tank 30. Further, the tank 30 is provided with a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of the compressed air accumulated inside.

Next, the power adjustment method using the power management system 20 described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. Here, first, the process of accumulating electric power will be described.
As shown in FIG. 4, when surplus power is generated and the accumulated amount is not the upper limit (when “YES” in step S1-1 and “NO” in step S1-2), the control device 28 uses the compressed air. The supply process is executed (step S1-3). Specifically, the surplus electric power is used to compress the air by the compressor, the rotor in the rotor device is rotated, and the compressed air is supplied to the tank 30 via the pressure-resistant hose 22.

As shown in FIG. 3A, when compressed air is supplied into the tank 30, the compressed air pushes up the lid member 32. In this case, since a pressure corresponding to the depth to the water surface of the reservoir 15 is applied to the upper surface of the lid member 32, the compressed air pushes up the lid member 32 and enters the inside of the tank 30 while resisting this pressure. Accumulate.

After that, as shown in FIG. 3B, when the accumulated amount of the tank 30 reaches the upper limit (when “YES” in step S1-2), the control device 28 determines whether or not sand removal is necessary. The process is executed (step S1-4).

Here, when it is determined that sand removal is necessary (when “YES” in step S1-4), the control device 28 executes the boiling process (step S1-5). Specifically, the solenoid valve 25 is opened to communicate the inside of the tank 30 with the perforated pipe 26, and compressed air is supplied to the perforated pipe 26 via the tank 30.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 5A, compressed air is supplied to the perforated pipe 26 filled with water, and compressed air is discharged from the holes of the inclined portion 26a. Then, as shown in FIG. 5B, the compressed air is continuously discharged from the holes of the perforated pipe 26, so that the sediment 16 around the perforated pipe 26 is blown up. After that, the blown-up sand 17 rides on the downstream flow of the water in the reservoir 15 and is discharged from a sand discharge port (not shown) of the dam 10.

When the boiling is completed, when the surplus power is exhausted before the accumulated amount of the tank 30 reaches the upper limit, or when sand removal is not necessary (when "NO" in steps S1-1 and S1-4). The control device 28 stops the supply of compressed air and ends the power storage process.

After that, when the compressed air accumulated in the tank 30 is discharged to generate electricity, the control device 28 supplies the compressed air from the tank 30 to the rotor device via the pressure resistant hose 22 to rotate the rotor. Generate electricity. In this case, the regulator 23 is adjusted according to the pressure of the compressed air accumulated in the tank 30, and the compressed air having a constant pressure is sent out from the pressure resistant hose 22.

(Action)
Since the lid member 32 of the tank 30 moves up and down, the volume for accumulating compressed air can be changed without changing the installation area. Further, since the capacity changes, the compressed air can be stored with potential energy corresponding to the head pressure, and the pressure of the compressed air used for power generation can be leveled through the regulator 23 provided on the pressure resistant hose 22.

According to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) In the present embodiment, the volume of the tank 30 of the reservoir 15 is changed by using the surplus electric power to store the compressed air, so that the energy corresponding to the head pressure can be stored in the tank 30. Then, the compressed air accumulated in the tank 30 is supplied to the rotor device at a predetermined pressure by the regulator 23, so that power can be generated efficiently.

(2) In the present embodiment, since the volume of the tank 30 can be changed according to the vertical position of the lid member 32, a plurality of tanks 30 are closely arranged at a deep position on the downstream side of the reservoir 15. Can be done.

(3) In the present embodiment, the surplus electric power of the hydroelectric power generation generated in the dam 10 is used to store compressed air in the tank 30, and the compressed air is used to generate electricity. As a result, the dam 10 that generates electricity and the tank 30 that stores compressed air are close to each other, so that transmission loss can be suppressed.

(4) In the present embodiment, a plurality of perforated pipes 26 are connected to the tank 30 via an electromagnetic valve 25. The control device 28 executes the boiling process when there is surplus power, the accumulated amount is the upper limit, and sand removal is required (when “YES” in step S1-4) (step S1-5). In this case, compressed air is discharged from the tank 30 through the perforated pipe 26 to blow off the sediment 16 at the bottom of the reservoir 15. As a result, sand can be discharged by the compressed air accumulated by using the surplus electric power.

(5) In the present embodiment, the plurality of perforated pipes 26 connected to the tank 30 are arranged so that the distance in the horizontal direction increases toward the upstream. As a result, boiling can be performed in a wide range.

This embodiment can be modified and implemented as follows. The present embodiment and the following modified examples can be implemented in combination with each other within a technically consistent range.
-In the above embodiment, when the volume of the tank 30 reaches the upper limit (when "YES" in step S1-2), the supply of compressed air is stopped and the pressure of the compressed air is made constant. Here, when the amount of water in the reservoir 15 of the dam 10 becomes small and the water surface becomes low, a weight may be placed on the lid member of the tank to keep the pressure applied to the tank constant.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, a power management system including a tank 40 may be used. The tank 40 includes a main body 41 fixed on the weight 45 and a lid member 42. In the tank 40, the support member 46 is fixed to the main body 41. A floating body 47 floating on the water surface is supported on the support member 46 so as to be vertically movable.

As shown in FIG. 6A, at a high water level with a large amount of water, the weight 48 as a pressure adjusting mechanism is pulled up by the floating body 47 via a cord-like object and floats in water.
Then, as shown in FIG. 6B, when the water level is low and the amount of water is small, the position of the floating body 47 is lowered, and the weight 48 is placed on the lid member 42. This pushes the lid member 42 downward against the volume increased by the supply of compressed air.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6C, when the compressed air is discharged from the tank 40 while the weight 48 is placed on the lid member 42, the weight 48 descends according to the lid member 42. Since the cord-like object is longer than the height of the main body 41, the weight 48 can be maintained on the lid member 42 when the lid member 42 moves near the bottom of the main body 41. As described above, even if the height of the water surface of the reservoir 15 changes, the pressure of the compressed air stored in the tank 40 can be kept constant.

-In the above embodiment, when there is surplus power, the accumulated amount is the upper limit, and sand removal is required (when "YES" in step S1-4), the boiling process is executed (step S1-5). The timing of executing the boiling process is not limited to this. For example, it may be performed at the start of discharging the compressed air stored in the tank. Further, the boiling process may be executed by detecting the amount of sedimentation and determining the necessity of sand removal.

-In the above embodiment, the rotor device is also used as a blower device that supplies compressed air to the tank 30 and a power generation device that generates electricity using the compressed air supplied from the tank 30. A blower device that supplies compressed air to the tank 30 and a power generation device that generates power using the compressed air supplied from the tank 30 may be separate devices. In this case, piping from the blower device and the power generation device to the tank is provided. The blower and the power generator may be connected to the tank 30 with a single pipe via a three-way valve.
In the above embodiment, compressed air is supplied to the tank 30 via the pressure-resistant hose 22, and compressed air is discharged from the tank 30. The supply pipe for supplying the compressed air from the blower to the tank 30 and the discharge pipe for discharging the compressed air from the tank 30 to the power generation device may be provided separately without being shared. In this case, the on-off valve that connects and shuts off the supply pipe and the tank and the on-off valve that connects and shuts off the discharge pipe and the tank may be controlled at the same time.

-In the above embodiment, the tank 30 is configured to supply only compressed air. The structure of the tank is not limited to the structure in which only compressed air flows in and out. For example, a pipe connecting the tank and the reservoir may be provided so that the water in the reservoir flows in and out of the tank. In this case, the compressed air is supplied to the tank, the water in the tank is discharged, and the compressed air in the tank is sent out, so that the water from the reservoir flows into the tank.
-In the above embodiment, compressed air is stored in the tank 30 by using the surplus electric power of the hydroelectric power generation generated in the dam 10, and the compressed air is used to generate electricity. The surplus power stored in the compressed air is not limited to the power generated hydroelectrically at the dam, and the compressed air may be supplied to the tank using the surplus power generated at other locations.

10 ... Dam, 15 ... Reservoir, 16 ... Sediment, 17 ... Sand, 20 ... Power management system, 21 ... Connecting pipe, 22 ... Pressure-resistant hose, 23 ... Regulator as pressure adjustment mechanism, 25 ... Electromagnetic valve, 26 ... Yes Hole tube, 26a ... inclined portion, 30, 40 ... tank as a container, 31, 41 ... main body portion, 32, 42 ... lid member, 35, 45 ... weight portion, 46 ... support member, 47 ... floating body, 48 ... Weight as a pressure adjustment mechanism.

Claims (8)

It is a method of managing surplus electricity using a container placed in the reservoir of the dam.
The container has a variable volume and
At the time of electric power storage, the blower is operated by using the surplus electric power to supply compressed air to the container against the water pressure of the reservoir while expanding the volume of the container.
A power management method characterized in that when power is released, compressed air whose pressure is adjusted is supplied to a power generation device while reducing the volume of the container according to the water level of the reservoir. The power management method according to claim 1, wherein the blower and the power generation device are configured by the same rotor device. The container is provided with a lid member whose vertical position can be changed.
The power management method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the volume of the container can be changed according to the vertical position of the lid member. The power management method according to claim 3, wherein a weight is placed on the lid member to adjust the pressure of compressed air supplied to the power generation device. A regulator is provided in the pipeline from the container to the power generation device.
The power management method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressure of the compressed air supplied to the power generation device is adjusted by using the regulator. A perforated pipe opened in the reservoir is connected to the container.
The power management method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the compressed air is supplied to the perforated pipe through the container and discharged from the perforated pipe to perform boiling. .. A variable volume container placed in the reservoir of the dam,
A pressure adjusting mechanism for adjusting the pressure of compressed air stored in the container is provided.
At the time of electric power storage, the blower is operated by using the surplus electric power to supply compressed air to the container against the water pressure of the reservoir while expanding the volume of the container.
A power management system characterized in that when power is released, compressed air whose pressure is adjusted is supplied to a power generation device to operate the power generation device while reducing the volume of the container according to the water level of the reservoir. A plurality of perforated tubes connected so as to be cut off are connected to the container.
The power management system according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of perforated pipes are arranged so that the side opposite to the side connected to the container is widened.

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