JP2021078468A - Stored pollen and method for producing the same as well as method for producing solanaceae vegetable as well as method for reducing defective fruit rate of solanaceae vegetable - Google Patents

Abstract

To reduce defective fruits of Solanaceae vegetables.SOLUTION: The stored pollen according to the present invention contains at least the pollen of Solanaceae vegetables. The method for producing a stored pollen according to the present invention comprises at least storing. The pollen of Solanaceae vegetables is stored in storing and thereby obtaining a stored pollen. The method for producing Solanaceae vegetables according to the present invention comprises at least a fruiting treatment. The Solanaceous vegetables are fruited in the fruiting treatment. The means for fruiting Solanaceae vegetables is at least a pollination of the stored pollen containing the pollen of Solanaceae vegetables.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to stored pollen and a method for producing the same, a method for producing Solanaceae vegetables, and a method for reducing the defective fruit rate of Solanaceae vegetables.

In recent years, what is required in the market is a stable supply of vegetables. Vegetables are sensitive to the weather. Therefore, in recent years when there are many abnormal weather, its supply has become difficult to stabilize. Among the abnormal weather, high temperature is a factor that affects the stable production of various vegetables.

Solanaceae vegetables, including tomatoes, are known to cause high temperature damage when exposed to high temperatures. High temperature damage leads to a significant reduction in yield. The specific symptoms of high temperature disorder are various, such as poor fruit set, rot, poor coloring, and malformation. The causes of poor fruit set are a decrease in pollen fertility, a decrease in pollen amount, a protrusion of the stigma, and the like.

Various techniques for reducing the decrease in yield due to high temperature damage of Solanaceae vegetables are known, but a method using special equipment or pesticides is common. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an eggplant and tomato fruit set-promoting agent, the purpose of which is to promote fruit set of eggplant and tomato, and the means thereof is ethyl 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyrate. It is a combination of. Patent Document 2 discloses a fruit set-promoting agent, the purpose of which is to promote fruit set in a high temperature period, and the means thereof is the blending of polyamines. Patent Document 3 discloses a fruit set / growth promoting device, the purpose of which is to reduce high temperature stress, and the means is to cool stamens.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-029906 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-331507 WO2007 / 058347A

An object to be solved by the present invention is to reduce the defective fruits of Solanaceae vegetables. Fruit set by plant hormones tends to cause bad fruits. Bad fruits may be discarded and are one of the factors that hinder stable supply. In addition, since plant hormones are pesticides, there are restrictions on the amount and frequency of use.

Based on the above, the inventor of the present application has diligently studied and found that pollination of pollen stored in advance reduces defective fruits as compared with the case of fruit set with plant hormones. .. From this point of view, the present invention is defined as follows.

The stored pollen according to the present invention contains at least the pollen of Solanaceae vegetables.

At least storage constitutes the method for producing stored pollen according to the present invention. In storage, the pollen of Solanaceae vegetables is stored, thereby obtaining the stored pollen.

At least, fruit set treatment constitutes the method for producing Solanaceae vegetables according to the present invention. In the fruit-setting process, solanaceous vegetables are set. The means for fruiting Solanaceae vegetables is at least pollination of stored pollen containing Solanaceae vegetables pollen.

What the present invention makes possible is to reduce the defective fruits of Solanaceae vegetables.

Flow chart of the manufacturing method according to this embodiment Flow chart of the production method according to this embodiment

<Stored pollen according to this embodiment>
The stored pollen according to the present embodiment (hereinafter, referred to as “main stored pollen”) is stored pollen and contains at least the pollen of Solanaceae vegetables.

<Pollen>
"Pollen" contains at least pollen in a germinated state for use in pollination. The pollen content in the germinated state is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 13% or more, and most preferably 25% or more.

<Storage>
In the present invention, "storage" refers to storage and storage for pollination. Storage is carried out at a low temperature in order to maintain the pollen germination state for a long period of time. It is preferably 5 ° C. or lower, more preferably 0 ° C. or lower, and even more preferably −20 ° C. or lower. Storage is preferably carried out after being sealed in a container. Further, it is preferable that one container contains 1 mL or more of pollen. Examples of containers are bags, tubes, bottles, bottles and the like. Examples of the material of the container are paper, plastic, glass and the like.

<Solanaceae vegetables>
Solanaceae vegetables are vegetables belonging to the Solanaceae family. Examples include tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, paprika, peppers, green peppers, potatoes and the like. Preferably, it is tomato.

<Bad fruit>
Bad fruits are fruits of Solanaceae vegetables that are subject to lower market prices and disposal. Specific characteristics differ depending on the type of Solanaceae vegetables and the quality required by the delivery destination. Examples include "small fruits" in which the size of the fruit becomes extremely small, "malformed fruits" in which the size of the fruit becomes uneven, and "wounded fruits" in which the surface of the fruit is scratched or cracked. Small fruits and malformed fruits are particularly problematic in fruit set by plant hormones. For example, in tomatoes, the criteria for determining small fruits are 30% or less of the average fruit weight of the fruits to be shipped. To exemplify the criteria for determining malformed fruits in tomatoes, when the fruits are viewed from above, there are two or more obvious irregularities with respect to a substantially circular shape.

<Bad fruit rate>
The defective fruit rate is the ratio of defective fruits to the total number of harvested Solanaceae vegetables. Specifically, the total number of harvested fruits [A] and the number of defective fruits [B] among the total number of harvested fruits are counted and calculated by applying the following formula.

Bad fruit rate (%) = B / A x 100
<Outline of manufacturing method of this stored pollen>
FIG. 1 shows the flow of a method for producing the present stored pollen (hereinafter, referred to as “the present production method”). This production method mainly comprises flower picking (S11), drying (S12), collection (S13), and storage (S14).

<Flower picking (S11)>
In the flower-picking process, flower buds of Solanaceae vegetables are picked. Its purpose is to collect pollen. The means for picking flowers is not particularly limited, and may be manual or mechanical. The timing of flower picking is the timing when pollen has activity. Preferably, it is within 3 days of flowering. For flower picking, only the flower buds may be picked, or the branches with the flower buds may be picked together. Further, the flower-picking step can be omitted as appropriate, such as when using flower buds that have already been picked.

<Drying (S12)>
In the drying step, the flower buds and / or pollen of Solanaceae vegetables are dried. The purpose is to improve the storability of pollen. In the drying step, part or all of the water contained in the flower buds and / or pollen is removed as long as the pollen is not inactivated. The means for drying may be any known method and is not particularly limited. Examples include a dryer, a constant temperature and humidity controller, a desiccator, a desiccant, silica gel, and the like. The drying temperature is the temperature at which pollen is not inactivated. Preferably, it is 35 ° C. or lower. The drying step does not necessarily have to be after the flower picking step or before the collecting step. That is, the drying step may be before the flower picking step or after the collecting step. Further, the drying step may be performed at the same time as the storage step. Further, the drying step can be omitted as appropriate.

<Collection (S13)>
In the collection process, pollen of Solanaceae vegetables is collected. The purpose is to improve pollination efficiency. The means for collecting pollen may be any known method and is not particularly limited. Examples include sieves, meshes, electric sieves, shifters and the like. The collection may be performed only once or twice or more. Further, the stage may be divided according to the mesh size or the like. Further, pollen containing tissues other than pollen (anthers, petals, calyxes, stems, leaves, etc.) (hereinafter referred to as "coarse pollen") may be collected. If necessary, a purification step of purifying pollen from coarse pollen may be carried out.

<Storage (S14)>
In the storage process, pollen of Solanaceae vegetables is stored. Its purpose is pollination. The means for storage may be a known method and is not particularly limited. The storage temperature is the temperature at which pollen is not inactivated. It is preferably 5 ° C. or lower, more preferably 0 ° C. or lower, and even more preferably −20 ° C. or lower. The form of storage varies depending on the method of pollination, but it is preferably enclosed in a container. Examples of containers are bags, tubes, bottles, bottles and the like. Examples of the material of the container are paper, plastic, glass and the like.

<Outline of production method of this Solanaceae vegetable>
FIG. 2 shows the flow of the production method of Solanaceae vegetables (hereinafter referred to as “the production method”). This production method mainly comprises planting (S21), cultivation (S22), fruit setting treatment (S23), and harvesting (S24).

<Planting (S21)>
In the planting process, seedlings of Solanaceae vegetables are planted. The means for obtaining seedlings of Solanaceae vegetables is not particularly limited. For example, it is obtained by germinating what is distributed in the state of seedlings and what is distributed in the state of seeds. When seeds are germinated to obtain seedlings, sowing may be carried out before planting, if necessary. Further, the seedlings may be sown directly at the place where the Solanaceae vegetables are cultivated and the remaining ones may be used as seedlings. In the case of direct sowing, the term "planting" in the present specification shall be read as "sowing". The time of planting is the time when solanaceous vegetables can be cultivated during the period from planting to harvest. It is preferably February to June, and more preferably March to May.

<Cultivation (S22)>
In the cultivation process, Solanaceae vegetables are cultivated. The place where Solanaceae vegetables are cultivated is a place where they can be cultivated. Examples are fields, greenhouses, plant factories, and the like. The means of cultivation is not particularly limited. Examples include open-field cultivation, facility cultivation, soil cultivation, and hydroponics. What this step does not exclude is the implementation of work commonly performed in plant cultivation. Examples include watering, fertilization, pesticide spraying, pest control, leaf scraping, sprout scraping, etc.

<Fruit set processing (S23)>
In the fruit-setting process, solanaceous vegetables are fruit-set. The means of fruit set treatment is pollination of stored pollen. The purpose of fruit-setting treatment of Solanaceae vegetables is to reduce defective fruits in addition to fruit-setting. Pollination of stored pollen is carried out so that the stored pollen adheres to the stigma of the Solanaceae vegetable. The means for pollination is not particularly limited as long as it is a known method. Examples include pollinators and Brahma. If necessary, an amount increased and / or diluted with an increasing agent (Ishimatsuko, etc.) may be used. The timing at which the fruit set processing is performed is preferably the timing at which a high temperature failure occurs. In the case of tomatoes, when the average temperature in the daytime (6:00 to 18:00) is 30 ° C. or higher and / or the average temperature in the nighttime (18:00 to 6:00) is 25 ° C. or higher, high temperature damage is likely to occur.

<Harvest (S24)>
In the harvesting process, the fruits of Solanaceae vegetables are harvested. The means for harvesting is not particularly limited as long as it is known. The harvest date varies depending on the type and variety of Solanaceae vegetables. For example, in the case of tomato, it is after 60 days or more have passed from the planting date.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

<Prototype of stored pollen>
Two kinds of fresh medium to large tomatoes (R10 and D6) were cultivated, flower buds were picked within 3 days of flowering, anthers were decomposed with tweezers, and pollen was collected in a 1.5 ml microtube. A few grains of silica gel were placed in a microtube, covered, and stored in a freezer at −20 ° C. to make prototypes of stored pollen 1 to 3. Table 1 shows the varieties and storage periods of each stored pollen.

<Fruit processing>
In a test greenhouse of Kagome Co., Ltd. in Tochigi Prefecture, medium-sized fresh tomatoes (R10) were planted and cultivated in March. The tomatoes 170 to 212 days after planting were pollinated with stored pollen (Examples 1 to 3) or treated with phytohormones (Comparative Example 1). Pollination of the stored pollen was carried out by scooping the stored pollen with a spatula and attaching it directly to the stigma of the tomato. For the plant hormone treatment, tomato tone (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was diluted 100-fold, and gibberellin (manufactured by Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd.) was sprayed at 10 ppm and about 5 ml by a commercially available sprayer. In addition, the tomatoes subjected to the fruit-bearing treatment had a high temperature disorder (protrusion of the stigma).

<Harvest survey>
Fruits were harvested from tomatoes about 8 weeks after the fruit set treatment, and the fruit set rate, good fruit rate and average fruit weight were investigated. The fruit set rate was calculated by measuring the number of flower buds (C) subjected to fruit set treatment and the number of fruit set (D) among the number of flower buds, and applying the following formula. For the average fruit weight, the weight (g) of the harvested fruit was measured, and the average value was calculated.

Fruit set rate (%) = D / C x 100

Table 2 shows the fruit set rate, good fruit rate and average fruit weight of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1. From this result, it can be seen that the fruit set using stored pollen improves the good fruit rate as compared with the case where the fruit is set using plant hormones. In addition, the stored pollen used can be used regardless of the variety and storage period. The reason why the good fruit rate is improved by using stored pollen to set fruits is that, although it is speculated, the formation of seeds in the fruits makes it easier for the fruits to grow. In fact, all the fruits judged to be defective in Comparative Example 1 were small fruits. In addition, the average fruit weight is heavier by fruit-setting using stored pollen than in the case of fruit-setting using plant hormones. However, the action is not limited to this.

A field in which the present invention is useful is the production of Solanaceae vegetables.

Claims (13)

Stored pollen
It contains at least the pollen of Solanaceae vegetables. The stored pollen of claim 1,
Its use is in the production of Solanaceae vegetables. The stored pollen of claim 1 or 2,
The Solanaceae vegetable is a tomato. A method for producing stored pollen, which is composed of at least the following steps:
Storage: What is stored here is the pollen of Solanaceae vegetables, which yields the stored pollen. The manufacturing method according to claim 4.
The use of the stored pollen is in the production of Solanaceae vegetables. The manufacturing method of claim 4 or 5, further comprising:
Drying: It is the flower buds and / or pollen of Solanaceae vegetables that are dried here. The manufacturing method according to claims 4 to 6.
The Solanaceae vegetable is a tomato. A method of producing Solanaceae vegetables, which is composed of at least the following steps:
Fruit set processing: The fruit set processing here is Solanaceae vegetables,
The means is pollination of stored pollen,
The stored pollen contains at least the pollen of Solanaceae vegetables. The production method according to claim 8.
When the fruit setting treatment is performed, the average temperature from 6:00 to 18:00 is 30 ° C. or higher and / or the average temperature from 18:00 to 6:00 is 25 ° C. or higher. The production method according to claim 8 or 9.
The Solanaceae vegetable is a tomato. A method for reducing the defective fruit rate of Solanaceae vegetables, which is composed of at least the following steps:
Fruit set processing: The fruit set processing here is Solanaceae vegetables,
The means is pollination of stored pollen,
The stored pollen contains at least the pollen of Solanaceae vegetables. The method of claim 11
When the fruit setting treatment is performed, the average temperature from 6:00 to 18:00 is 30 ° C. or higher and / or the average temperature from 18:00 to 6:00 is 25 ° C. or higher. The method of claim 11 or 12.
The Solanaceae vegetable is a tomato.

Images