JP2021050590A - Vibration proof structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a vibration proof building capable of realizing a high vibration proof performance while capable of utilizing an upper structure body as TMD, reducing responses of a lower structure body and the upper structure body effectively and restraining sacrifice as an architectural plan, and a control method of the vibration proof building.SOLUTION: When a mass ratio m/M is equal to or greater than 10%, and equal to or less than 100%, wherein a mass of an upper structure body 3 above an intermediate vibration proof layer 2 is m, and a mass of a lower structure body 4 below that is M. A characteristic period f (whole) of a whole rigid-connected building for connecting the upper structure body 3 and the lower structure body 4 of at least one of two directions of X, Y orthogonal in a plane, a characteristic period f (upper vibration proof) of the intermediate vibration proof layer 2 and the upper structure body 3, and a characteristic period f (lower) of the lower structure body 4 satisfy a relation of f (whole)>f (upper vibration proof)>f (lower) and utilize the upper structure body 3 as TMD.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a seismic control structure using an intermediate seismic isolation layer and a method for controlling the seismic control structure.

Conventionally, for example, in middle- and high-rise buildings such as office buildings, commercial buildings, and condominiums, an intermediate seismic isolation layer is provided on the intermediate floor via a seismic isolation device such as laminated rubber, and the upper structure is separated by the intermediate seismic isolation layer. There is a structure in which the natural period of the body is shifted from the dominant period band to the long period side to reduce the response acceleration during an earthquake or strong wind (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Such an intermediate seismic isolation building (intermediate seismic isolation structure), for example, even when it receives a huge earthquake, concentrates deformation on the intermediate seismic isolation layer and reduces the response acceleration of the superstructure to cause shaking. It can be suppressed. For this reason, the weakest layer of the building, which can occur when the intermediate seismic isolation layer is not provided, begins to be damaged and the bearing capacity begins to decrease, seismic energy is concentrated on this weakest layer, and layer collapse occurs, and other layers occur. An intermediate seismic isolation building (intermediate seismic isolation structure) is a phenomenon in which the weakest layer is severely damaged and it is difficult to restore it by repair, or the building collapses, even though the soundness of the layer is ensured. ) Can be effectively prevented.

By the way, when applying the intermediate seismic isolation structure to middle-high-rise buildings with different uses for the lower and upper layers, such as using the lower layer as a commercial facility and the upper layer as a living space, the lower and upper layers have different uses. It has also been proposed and put into practical use that a machine room and an air-conditioning room are provided in the boundary layer and a seismic isolation device is installed, and this boundary layer is used as an intermediate seismic isolation layer to effectively utilize the hierarchical space.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-009477

Here, when the intermediate seismic isolation layer is provided below half of the total height of the building, the vibration cycle of the seismic isolation layer becomes too long than the vibration cycle of the lower structure, so that the floor directly below, that is, the lower structure There is a problem that the response acceleration of the uppermost layer of the body becomes large, and it becomes necessary to design the substructure robustly.
Also, in the superstructure, if the rigidity of the building frame is not designed to be sufficiently large, the response at the upper part of the superstructure, that is, near the top of the building is amplified and the response acceleration becomes large, that is, the so-called "whip-flipping phenomenon". There is a problem that When this "whip phenomenon" occurs, the response of the uppermost layer of the superstructure becomes excessive, and the habitability is significantly reduced.

Conversely, if an intermediate seismic isolation layer is provided at a position where the weight of the upper part of the seismic isolation layer is less than 10% of the total weight of the building (much above half the total height) and this is used as a TMD, it will occur during an earthquake. There is a problem that the inter-story displacement of the seismic isolation layer becomes excessive and the deformation of the seismic isolation device such as laminated rubber becomes too large. In order to prevent the interlayer displacement from becoming excessive, it is effective to increase the rigidity of the intermediate seismic isolation layer by increasing the diameter or number of laminated rubber, but this makes the superstructure the inertial mass. This causes the inconvenience of losing the TMD (Tuned Mass Damper) effect on the deemed substructure. That is, if the weight of the upper part of the seismic isolation layer is too small, it is not possible to suppress the inter-story displacement of the seismic isolation layer at the time of an earthquake and to achieve the TMD effect on the lower structure at the same time. The TMD effect refers to the vibration suppression effect on the lower skeleton of the seismic isolation layer when the upper skeleton of the seismic isolation layer is regarded as a "weight (inertial mass)".

As a response to these issues, when an intermediate seismic isolation layer is installed above half the total height of the building, a historical steel damper or an oil damper with a lock mechanism is installed in the intermediate seismic isolation layer in the event of an earthquake. A method of suppressing the interlayer deformation of the seismic isolation layer with respect to a large input in strong winds has been put into practical use.

However, history-type steel dampers and oil dampers with a lock mechanism stop the deformation of the intermediate seismic isolation layer even when the shear force acting on the intermediate seismic isolation layer is small, so the upper part is used for small inputs such as small and medium-sized earthquakes. It becomes difficult to obtain the TMD effect of suppressing the shaking of the substructure by regarding the structure as an inertial mass.

Here, as a reference, an example of a conventional embodiment in the case where the intermediate seismic isolation layer is not provided will be described. In this case, install seismic control devices such as oil dampers in the premises of all layers (multi-level) of the structure (install a large number of seismic control devices in the lower structure) to reduce the response of the structure. It is conceivable to try.
However, in this case, since a large number of seismic control devices are installed in the structure, a great deal of labor and cost are required for the construction and maintenance of the seismic control devices, and further, within the premises of all layers of the structure. Occupied space is required to install the seismic control device, which impairs the freedom of construction planning, and causes many inconveniences such as deterioration of space utilization efficiency and deterioration of appearance.

For this reason, as social needs for earthquake countermeasures and business continuity increase dramatically, seismic control structures with high seismic performance while ensuring the degree of freedom in construction planning are strongly desired.

One aspect of the seismic isolation structure of the present invention has a mass ratio m / M of 10% or more, where m is the mass of the upper structure above the intermediate seismic isolation layer and M is the mass of the lower structure below. , 100% or less, and the natural period f (all) of the entire rigid structure that rigidly connects the superstructure and the substructure in at least one of the two directions of X and Y that are orthogonal to each other in the plane, and the intermediate isolation. The relationship between the natural period f (upper seismic isolation) of the seismic layer and the upper structure and the natural period f (lower part) of the lower structure is f (all)> f (upper seismic isolation)> f (lower part). Is satisfied, and the superstructure is configured to be used as a TMD.

One aspect of the control method for the seismic control structure of the present invention is provided on the intermediate seismic isolation layer when the relative speed between the upper structure and the lower structure reaches a predetermined relative speed, and the intermediate isolation is provided. The damping force of the oil damper that controls the interlayer deformation of the seismic layer is controlled so as to be limited to the predetermined relative velocity or less.

According to one aspect of the seismic control structure and the control method of the seismic control structure of the present invention, the superstructure can be used as a TMD to effectively reduce the response between the substructure and the superstructure, and the building plan. It will be possible to realize a seismic control structure with high seismic performance while suppressing the cost.

It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the vibration control structure of one Embodiment. It is an elevation view which shows an example of the structure of the intermediate seismic isolation layer of the seismic control structure of one embodiment. Schematic diagram showing the magnitude relationship of each natural period between the superstructure and the substructure, the superstructure and the intermediate seismic isolation layer, and the substructure in the seismic control structure of one embodiment. Is. It is a figure which shows the performance of the oil damper installed in the intermediate seismic isolation layer of the seismic isolation structure of one Embodiment, and is the figure which shows the relationship between the damper speed and the damping force. It is a figure which shows the simulation result, and is the figure which shows the maximum response displacement of each layer. It is a figure which shows the simulation result, and is the figure which shows the maximum response acceleration of each layer. It is a figure which shows the simulation result, and is the figure which shows the maximum response shear force of each layer. It is a figure which shows the modification example of the vibration control structure of one Embodiment, and is the cross-sectional view which shows an example of the deformation suppression mechanism which consists of the structure which hangs from the superstructure and the structure which rises from a lower structure.

Hereinafter, the seismic control structure and the control method of the seismic control structure according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

The seismic isolation structure 1 of the present embodiment is a middle-high-rise building such as an office building, an apartment, a commercial building, or a complex building, and as shown in FIG. 1, a seismic isolation layer 2 is provided on the middle floor of the total height of the building 1. A seismic isolation device (isolator) such as laminated rubber is installed on the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2. For example, in the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2, a seismic isolation device is interposed between the pillars of the upper structure 3 and the pillars of the lower structure 4 with the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 as a boundary, and the superstructure 3 is provided by this seismic isolation device. It is constructed in support of.
As shown in FIG. 2, the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 may be configured by laminating a plurality of stages of seismic isolation devices 5 such as laminated rubber. At this time, in order to secure the degree of fixation of the upper and lower ends of the seismic isolation device 5, an intermediate beam 6 or the like may be appropriately provided and configured.

In the seismic control structure of the present embodiment, an oil damper is installed in the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 by connecting both ends to the superstructure 3 and the substructure 4 (reference numeral 7 in FIG. 2: oil). See damper (damping device)). In the present embodiment, as the oil damper, the "hydraulic damper with a speed limiting function equipped with a hardening hydraulic circuit" (hereinafter, referred to as a hardening oil damper) disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5870138 is applied. The hardening oil damper has a damping coefficient according to the magnitude of the force acting on the damper, that is, the relative velocity between the superstructure 3 and the substructure 4, that is, the magnitude of the interlayer velocity of the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2. It is a damper with variable damping performance that increases or decreases. A detailed description of the hardening oil damper will be described later.

In the seismic control structure 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the mass of the upper structure 3 above the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 is m, and the mass of the lower structure 4 below is M. When the mass ratio m / M is 10% or more and 100% or less (0.1 ≦ m / M ≦ 1), the upper structure 3 and the lower part in at least one of the two directions of X and Y orthogonal to each other in the plane. The natural period f (all) of the entire rigid structure in which the structure 4 is rigidly connected, the natural period f (upper seismic isolation) of the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 and the upper structure 3, and the natural period f of the lower structure 4 (upper seismic isolation). (Bottom) and
f (all)> f (upper seismic isolation)> f (lower)
The superstructure 3 is configured to be used as a TMD (inertial mass). The natural period f (upper seismic isolation) of the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 and the upper structure 3 means a substantial natural period of the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 when the upper structure 3 is assumed to be a completely rigid body. ..

In the seismic control structure 1 of the present embodiment, the damping constant h of the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 is set to h ≧ 40%, which is set to be larger than the damping constant of about 20 to 30% in the normal intermediate seismic isolation layer.

In a conventional structure provided with an intermediate seismic isolation layer, if the mass m of the superstructure is too smaller than the mass M of the lower structure, the deformation (interlayer displacement) of the intermediate seismic isolation layer is large during a large earthquake or strong wind. It becomes too much, and it becomes difficult to exert a sufficient seismic isolation effect on the lower structure by using the mass m of the upper structure as TMD (inertial mass) while keeping the stroke within the designable stroke.
On the contrary, when the mass m of the upper structure is larger than the mass M of the lower structure, the response acceleration of the top of the lower structure immediately below the intermediate seismic isolation layer becomes large.

On the other hand, the inventors of the present application have solved both of the above problems by making the mass ratio m / M of the superstructure 3 and the substructure 4 10% or more and 100% or less by diligent research. , The mass m of the superstructure 3 is used as TMD (inertial mass) to obtain a sufficient seismic control effect on the substructure 4, and the response acceleration of the top of the substructure 4 directly below the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 is obtained. It has been found that it can be suppressed suitably.

In the vibration control structure 1 of the present embodiment, f (all)> f (upper seismic isolation)> f (lower part).

Here, in the general idea of a seismic isolation structure, f (upper seismic isolation) can be selected by adjusting the hardness of the laminated rubber of the seismic isolation device, and f (upper seismic isolation). > F (all)> f (lower part) or f (all)> f (lower part)> f (upper seismic isolation).

However, if the natural period (f (upper seismic isolation)) of the intermediate seismic isolation layer is made too long, the deformation of the intermediate seismic isolation layer (interlayer displacement) becomes too large during a large earthquake or strong wind, and the stroke can be designed. , It becomes difficult to exert a sufficient seismic isolation effect on the lower structure by using the mass m of the upper structure as TMD.

On the contrary, if the natural period (f (upper seismic isolation)) of the intermediate seismic isolation layer is made too short, a large synchronization deviation will occur between the upper structure as the TMD and the lower structure as the TMD. The seismic effect is reduced or lost, and the shaking of the substructure cannot be suppressed.

On the other hand, the inventors of the present application, in addition to making the mass ratio m / M of the superstructure 3 and the substructure 4 10% or more and 100% or less by diligent research, f (total)> f. By setting (upper seismic isolation)> f (lower part), the mass m of the superstructure 3 can be used for TMD, and a sufficient and reliable seismic control effect on the lower structure 4 can be obtained, and an intermediate seismic isolation can be obtained. It has been found that the response acceleration of the top of the substructure 4 immediately below the seismic layer 2 can be suitably suppressed.

Therefore, according to the seismic control structure 1 of the present embodiment, the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 can suppress the shaking of the upper structure 3, and by effectively using the upper structure 3 as the TMD, the lower part can be used. The response (acceleration, displacement) of the structure 4 can be suppressed, and the shaking of both the upper and lower upper structures 3 and the lower structure 4 can be effectively suppressed with the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 as a boundary.

In the conventional structure provided with the intermediate seismic isolation layer, the inter-story displacement of the intermediate seismic isolation layer, that is, the shaking of the superstructure becomes large at the time of a large earthquake or a strong wind, and the habitability of the superstructure deteriorates. When trying to suppress the shaking of the upper structure, there was a problem that the response of the lower structure, especially directly under the intermediate seismic isolation layer, became large. However, as in the present embodiment, in addition to setting the mass ratio m / M of the upper structure 3 and the lower structure 4 to 10% or more and 100% or less, f (all)> f (upper seismic isolation)>. By setting f (lower part), such a problem can be solved, and it becomes possible to realize a seismic control structure 1 having excellent seismic control and seismic isolation performance.

In other words, in the seismic isolation structure 1 of the present embodiment, it is not always necessary to install the seismic isolation device in the lower structure 4, and the mass ratio m / M of the upper structure 3 and the lower structure 4 is 10 In addition to making% or more and 100% or less, by setting f (all)> f (upper seismic isolation)> f (lower), in addition to excellent seismic control and seismic isolation performance, workability and maintainability, It becomes possible to realize the seismic isolation structure 1 having excellent economic efficiency, space utilization, design, and the like.

As a result, when the uses of the superstructure 3 and the substructure 4 are different, for example, the superstructure 3 is a living space and the substructure 4 is a commercial space, the boundary layer can be used as an intermediate seismic isolation layer. It is possible to suppress the shaking of the superstructure 3 at the time of a large earthquake or a strong wind to appropriately secure the habitability, and to suppress the shaking of the lower structure 4 at the same time.

In the seismic isolation structure 1 of the present embodiment, when the interlayer displacement of the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 may exceed the allowable stroke of the seismic isolation device such as laminated rubber, the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 is damped by an oil damper or the like. It is preferable that the damping constant h of the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 is made larger than before so that h ≧ 40% by installing the device or increasing the number of damping devices installed.

Further, the damping device installed in the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 is preferably a variable damping device (including an active damper) capable of changing the damping constant, and further, as in the vibration control structure 1 of the present embodiment. , It is more preferable to apply a hardening oil damper.

The hardening oil damper is when the pressure regulating valve and the additional hydraulic valve are connected in parallel between the hydraulic chambers of the hydraulic damper, and the pressure regulating valve is kept open when the load of the piston is less than a certain load and exceeds a certain load. By keeping the additional hydraulic valve in the open state at all times, the hydraulic damper is generated when the load of the piston exceeds a certain load and the damping coefficient of the hydraulic damper is only the damping coefficient of the additional hydraulic valve. The resistance force to be applied is rapidly increased, the rigidity of the hydraulic damper is temporarily made close to infinity, and the hydraulic damper is given a hardening characteristic.

Then, in the control method of the seismic control structure 1 and the seismic control structure 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the TMD effect on the lower structure 4 of the upper structure 3 at the time of a small input such as a small and medium-sized earthquake. The hardening oil damper is controlled so that the damping force that can be obtained well is exhibited. Then, at the time of a large input such as a large earthquake or a strong wind, when the relative speed of the superstructure 3 and the substructure 4 reaches a predetermined speed set in advance, the damping force is controlled to increase sharply. Further, when the speed temporarily exceeds the predetermined speed and then falls below the predetermined speed again, the control is performed to return the damping force for obtaining the TMD effect to the lower structure 4 of the upper structure 3 to be exhibited again. ..

Specifically, at the time of a large input such as a large earthquake or a strong wind, the relative velocity between the superstructure 3 and the substructure 4 is the state in which the superstructure 3 is in the neutral position, that is, the acceleration and stress generated in the superstructure 3. It becomes maximum when it is close to 0 (zero). In the vibration control structure 1 of the present embodiment, the damping force of the oil damper is hardened in a state where the relative speed exceeds a predetermined value, and the increase in the interlayer speed of the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 is suppressed. To make the acceleration and stress level of the superstructure 3 excessively large by controlling the damping force to be hardened when the relative velocity of the superstructure 3 and the lower structure 4 exceeds a predetermined value. It becomes possible to design the seismic control structure 1 without any problem.

In the present embodiment, by configuring and controlling the vibration control structure 1 in this way, the relative speeds of the upper structure 3 and the lower structure 4 are set to predetermined speeds at the time of a large input such as a large earthquake or a strong wind. The damping force rises sharply as it reaches, and it becomes possible to limit and suppress the response (kinetic energy, acceleration, displacement) of the superstructure 3. Further, it becomes possible to design the vibration control structure 1 without excessively increasing the acceleration and stress levels of the superstructure 3.

When the relative velocity of the superstructure 3 and the substructure 4 is smaller than a predetermined velocity set in advance for a small input such as a small or medium-sized earthquake, the superstructure 3 is set to the damping constant that is most effective as a TMD. The shaking of the structure 4 can be effectively suppressed.

<Example>
Here, a simulation performed to confirm the superiority of the vibration control structure 1 of the present embodiment will be described.

In this simulation, there are three models: A seismic control building of this embodiment, B conventional seismic control building with damping devices installed between each layer, and C building without intermediate seismic isolation layer and seismic control device. The same long-period seismic motion was input to the above, and the maximum response horizontal displacement, maximum response horizontal acceleration, and maximum response shear force for each floor of each building were obtained and compared. The conditions of the building model are the same except for the presence or absence of the intermediate seismic isolation layer and the vibration control device.

As shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, in the seismic isolation building of the present embodiment, the maximum response horizontal displacement, the maximum response horizontal acceleration, and the maximum response shearing force are higher than those of the conventional seismic isolation building. It was confirmed that both the substructures were significantly reduced, that is, the seismic isolation and seismic resistance performance was significantly improved.

Therefore, the control method of the seismic control structure 1 and the seismic control structure 1 of the present embodiment is better than the conventional seismic control structure in which the damping device is installed between the layers while ensuring the degree of freedom in the construction plan. It can be seen that the response reduction effect can be exhibited.

As a result, the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 can effectively and preferably suppress the shaking of the superstructure 3, and the superstructure 3 can be effectively used as the TMD to respond to the substructure 4 ( Acceleration, displacement) can be suppressed. That is, as compared with the conventional seismic control structure, it is possible to suppress the shaking of both the upper and lower superstructures 3 and 4 with the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 as a boundary, more effectively and preferably. ..

Therefore, according to the seismic control structure 1 and the control method of the seismic control structure 1 of the present embodiment, the upper structure 3 is used as a TMD to effectively respond to the lower structure 4 and the upper structure 3. It is possible to reduce the number of seismic structures 1 and realize a seismic control structure 1 that is exceptionally remarkable and has a higher level of seismic performance than before, while ensuring the degree of freedom in construction planning.

Although one embodiment of the seismic control structure and the control method of the seismic control structure according to the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above one embodiment and does not deviate from the gist thereof. It can be changed as appropriate.

For example, in the present embodiment, the structure to be applied is assumed to be a middle-high-rise building, but if an intermediate seismic isolation layer is provided and an upper structure and a lower structure are provided with the intermediate seismic isolation layer as a boundary. Often, the structure to be applied does not have to be limited to mid-to-high-rise buildings.

Further, a vibration control device or the like may be provided in the upper structure or the lower structure.

Further, a stopper (deformation suppressing mechanism) that limits (regulates) the maximum amount of inter-story displacement of the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 may be provided.
For example, as shown in FIG. 8, a structure that needs to be suspended from the upper structure 3 such as an elevator shaft and a staircase to the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 (a structure protruding downward from the upper structure 3: deformation suppressing mechanism). The 5 is made to collide with the structure (deformation suppressing mechanism) 6 rising from the lower structure 4 at the time of an unexpectedly large input, and the structure 5 collides with the structure 6 and stops, so that the maximum inter-story displacement of the intermediate seismic isolation layer 2 is displaced. It may be configured to limit the amount. In this case, the deformation suppressing mechanism can be configured by using a structure for another purpose or another purpose.

1 Seismic isolation structure 2 Intermediate seismic isolation layer 3 Superstructure 4 Substructure 5 Structure suspended from the superstructure (deformation suppression mechanism)
6 Structure that rises from the lower structure (deformation suppression mechanism)

Claims (4)

When the mass of the upper structure above the intermediate seismic isolation layer is m and the mass of the lower structure below is M, the mass ratio m / M is 10% or more and 100% or less.
The natural period f (all) of the entire rigid structure that rigidly connects the superstructure and the superstructure in at least one of the two directions of X and Y orthogonal to each other in a plane, the intermediate seismic isolation layer, and the superstructure. The natural period f (upper seismic isolation) of the lower structure and the natural period f (lower part) of the lower structure are
f (all)> f (upper seismic isolation)> f (lower)
Meet the relationship,
The superstructure is configured to be used as a TMD.
Seismic control structure. As an oil damper provided in the intermediate seismic isolation layer and controlling the layer deformation of the intermediate seismic isolation layer, a hardening oil damper for hardening the damping force is provided.
The vibration control structure according to claim 1. The method for controlling the vibration control structure according to claim 1 or 2.
When the relative speed between the upper structure and the lower structure reaches a predetermined relative speed, the damping force of the oil damper provided in the intermediate seismic isolation layer and controlling the interlayer deformation of the intermediate seismic isolation layer is applied. Controlled to be limited to or less than the predetermined relative speed,
Control method of seismic control structure. The structure suspended from the upper structure and the structure rising from the lower structure are used as deformation suppressing mechanisms, and the structure suspended from the upper structure is hit against the structure raised from the lower structure. This limits the maximum interlayer displacement of the intermediate seismic isolation layer at the time of unexpectedly large input.
The method for controlling a seismic control structure according to claim 3.

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