JP2021025123A - Heat-generating body - Google Patents
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- JP2021025123A JP2021025123A JP2019154148A JP2019154148A JP2021025123A JP 2021025123 A JP2021025123 A JP 2021025123A JP 2019154148 A JP2019154148 A JP 2019154148A JP 2019154148 A JP2019154148 A JP 2019154148A JP 2021025123 A JP2021025123 A JP 2021025123A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-AHCXROLUSA-N titanium-44 Chemical compound [44Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-AHCXROLUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019583 umami taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、発熱体に関し、特に、真水等に発熱体を浸漬した場合にでも発熱を生じさせることの出来る発熱体合金に関する。 The present invention relates to a heating element, and more particularly to a heating element alloy capable of generating heat even when the heating element is immersed in fresh water or the like.
例えば、水道水を給湯する場合、通常のジュール熱を発生させるニクロム線を用いた給湯器では、スイッチオンして３０〜６０秒以上の時間で常温から４０℃の給湯ができる。また、家庭用でもオフィスビル用でも、通常の場合、給湯器は使用する蛇口から遠い所に設置され、必要なお湯が出るまで給湯器から蛇口までの水は捨てることになる。 For example, when tap water is supplied, a water heater using a nichrome wire that generates ordinary Joule heat can supply hot water from room temperature to 40 ° C. in a time of 30 to 60 seconds or more after switching on. Also, for both home and office buildings, the water heater is usually installed far from the faucet to be used, and the water from the water heater to the faucet is discarded until the required hot water comes out.
ビルなどは使用頻度が高いので、配管内に待機している温水が有るが、配管内に待機する場合、常に温度が大気中に放散されエネルギーロスとなり、使用電力や各種の使用エネルギーの浪費となってしまう。 Since buildings are frequently used, there is hot water waiting in the pipes, but when waiting in the pipes, the temperature is always dissipated into the atmosphere, resulting in energy loss, which wastes power and various types of energy. turn into.
また、例えば、ガス調理器で鍋を使用して調理をする場合、ガスの炎は瞬間的に鍋の側面を通過してしまい、鍋を温めるエネルギーの効率が低く、更に、ガスの炎から発散している熱の多くは鍋による反射として放散してしまい、鍋を温めるエネルギーの多くは発散してしまう。換言すると、ガスの炎から出される熱風の一部はほんの少しだけ鍋に接し、多くの熱は鍋の表面に触れ、熱伝導することなく放散されてしまう。 Also, for example, when cooking using a pot with a gas cooker, the gas flame momentarily passes through the side of the pot, the energy efficiency for heating the pot is low, and the gas flame diverges. Most of the heat generated is dissipated as a reflection of the pot, and much of the energy that heats the pot is dissipated. In other words, some of the hot air from the gas flame touches the pot only a little, and much of the heat touches the surface of the pot and is dissipated without heat conduction.
このため、例えば、特許文献１に示されるように、ニッケルに、インジウムとチタンと他の金属を含んだニッケル基合金を用いた発熱体が提案されている。 Therefore, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a heating element using a nickel-based alloy containing indium, titanium, and other metals in nickel has been proposed.
特許文献１の発熱体によれば、インジウム／ニッケルの質量比が０．００１〜０．２、チタン／ニッケルの質量比が０．０３〜０．３であるので、通電したときに瞬時に所定の高温に到達することができ、発熱効率に優れ、かつ通電耐久性が優れ、そして加工性が良好な発熱体を経済的有利に提供することができる、としている。 According to the heating element of Patent Document 1, the mass ratio of indium / nickel is 0.001 to 0.2 and the mass ratio of titanium / nickel is 0.03 to 0.3, so that it is instantly determined when energized. It is said that it is possible to economically advantageously provide a heating element that can reach the high temperature of the above, has excellent heat generation efficiency, has excellent energization durability, and has good workability.
また、特許文献２に示されるように、鉄クロムに、インジウムとチタンと他の金属を含んだ鉄クロム基合金を用いた発熱体が提案されている。 Further, as shown in Patent Document 2, a heating element using an iron-chromium-based alloy containing indium, titanium and other metals in iron-chromium has been proposed.
特許文献２の発熱体によれば、インジウム／鉄クロムの質量比が０．００１〜０．２、チタン／鉄クロムの質量比が０．０２〜０．３であるので、通電したときに瞬時に所定の高温に到達することができ、発熱効率に優れ、かつ通電耐久性が優れ、そして加工性が良好な発熱体を経済的有利に提供することができる、としている。 According to the heating element of Patent Document 2, the mass ratio of indium / chromium iron is 0.001 to 0.2, and the mass ratio of titanium / chromium iron is 0.02 to 0.3. It is said that a heating element that can reach a predetermined high temperature, has excellent heat generation efficiency, has excellent energization durability, and has good workability can be economically advantageous.
また、それぞれに、合金中における元素の成分比、印加電圧および発熱体の形状を調整すれば、発熱体の発熱量を所望の水準に自動調整することができる、としている。 Further, by adjusting the component ratio of the elements in the alloy, the applied voltage and the shape of the heating element, the calorific value of the heating element can be automatically adjusted to a desired level.
しかしながら、特許文献１に記載されたニッケル基合金を用いた発熱体および特許文献２に記載された鉄クロム基合金を用いた発熱体によれば、以下のような問題があった。
（１）インジウムを含んだ発熱合金は、瞬間発熱と電気的低抵抗値が特徴であり、抵抗値が低いゆえに大電流が流れてしまうという問題があった。
（２）真水等の水に発熱体を浸漬したり取り出しを行うと、平板電極表面には錆が発生したり、即座に平面が歪んで変形してしまい、精密環境の収容容器中に収納して発熱させる場合、錆が溶出してしまったり、歪みで金属同士が接触してショートしてしまったり、発熱体と装置との接触面が不均等になって熱伝導率低下が発生したり、樹脂で覆った場合に歪みが原因で被覆に亀裂が生じたりするという問題があった。
（３）突入電力が瞬間的に大きくなり、それに対応する定格以上の配線等が必要になるという問題があった。
（４）電源ＯＮの瞬間のオーバー電力による消費電力の損失や、突入電力上昇による消費電力削減の為に、一秒間に１〜１０回又は２０回等のスイッチングスイッチの採用などには突入電力上昇現象は不都合であるという問題があった。However, the heating element using the nickel-based alloy described in Patent Document 1 and the heating element using the iron-chromium-based alloy described in Patent Document 2 have the following problems.
(1) The heat-generating alloy containing indium is characterized by instantaneous heat generation and a low electrical resistance value, and has a problem that a large current flows because the resistance value is low.
(2) When the heating element is immersed in fresh water or taken out, rust is generated on the surface of the flat plate electrode, and the flat surface is immediately distorted and deformed, and the heating element is stored in a storage container in a precision environment. When heat is generated by heating, rust may elute, metals may come into contact with each other due to strain and short-circuit, or the contact surface between the heating element and the device may become uneven, resulting in a decrease in thermal conductivity. There was a problem that the coating was cracked due to distortion when covered with a resin.
(3) There is a problem that the inrush current increases momentarily, and wiring or the like corresponding to the rated power or the like is required.
(4) Inrush power increases when switching switches are used 1 to 10 times or 20 times per second in order to reduce power consumption due to overpower at the moment when the power is turned on and power consumption due to inrush power increase. There was a problem that the phenomenon was inconvenient.
これらの原因は、インジウムの電子量が少なく、それによる高い熱膨張率、硬度および剛性率に起因することや突入電力が瞬時に高くなることにある。 These causes are due to the small amount of electrons in indium, which results in high coefficient of thermal expansion, hardness and rigidity, and the instantaneous increase in inrush current.
従って、本発明の目的とするところは、電源を印加した瞬間に電圧が急上昇することなく、瞬時に所定の高温度帯に到達することができ、真水等に発熱体を浸漬した場合にでも発熱体に歪みを生じさせることのなく、発熱効率に優れ、かつ通電耐久性が優れ、かつ加工性が良好な発熱体を提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is that the voltage can reach a predetermined high temperature zone instantly without a sudden rise in voltage at the moment when a power source is applied, and heat is generated even when a heating element is immersed in fresh water or the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heating element which is excellent in heat generation efficiency, excellent in energization durability, and good in workability without causing distortion in the body.
上記の目的を達成するために、鉄クロムおよびインジウムに、チタン、ロジウム、ルテニウム、ビスマス、パラジウムの元素のいずれか、または、これらの元素の２つ以上を組み合わせて配合した鉄クロム基合金を含有し、通電により発熱することを特徴とする発熱体を提供する。 In order to achieve the above objectives, iron chromium and indium are blended with any of the elements of titanium, rhodium, ruthenium, bismuth, and palladium, or a combination of two or more of these elements. Provided is a heating element that generates heat when energized.
また、上記の目的を達成するために、ニッケルおよびインジウムに、チタン、ロジウム、ルテニウム、ビスマス、パラジウムの元素のいずれか、または、これらの元素の２つ以上を組み合わせて配合したニッケル基合金を含有し、通電により発熱することを特徴とする発熱体を提供する。 Further, in order to achieve the above object, nickel and indium are blended with any of the elements of titanium, rhodium, ruthenium, bismuth and palladium, or a nickel-based alloy in which two or more of these elements are combined. A heating element is provided which generates heat when energized.
以上において、前記鉄クロム基合金または前記ニッケル基合金に対するチタン、ロジウム、ルテニウム、ビスマス、パラジウムの元素のいずれか、または、これらの元素の２つ以上を組み合わせて配合した配合比は、０．０１〜５％であることが望ましい。 In the above, the compounding ratio of any one of the elements of titanium, rhodium, ruthenium, bismuth, and palladium with respect to the iron-chromium-based alloy or the nickel-based alloy, or a combination of two or more of these elements is 0.01. It is desirable that it is ~ 5%.
また、前記発熱体を、厚さが５０μｍ〜２００μｍの範囲で形成することが望ましい。 Further, it is desirable to form the heating element in a thickness range of 50 μm to 200 μm.
また、前記発熱体は、平板状および／または微細線の積層状および／または網状および／または変形しにくいポーラス状および／またはマッド（微細起伏）状に形成され、他の金属および／またはセラミックおよびまたは耐熱樹脂と二枚以上に貼り合わせて積層して加工されていることが望ましい。 Further, the heating element is formed in a flat plate shape and / or a laminated shape of fine wires and / or a network shape and / or a porous shape and / or a mud shape (fine undulations) that is hard to be deformed, and other metals and / or ceramics and Alternatively, it is desirable that two or more heat-resistant resins are laminated and laminated.
本発明によれば、鉄クロムおよびインジウムまたはニッケルおよびインジウムに対して、チタン、ロジウム、ルテニウム、ビスマス、パラジウムの元素のいずれか、または、これらの元素の２つ以上を組み合わせて配合した鉄クロム基合金またはニッケル基合金を含む発熱体としたので、通電したときに瞬時に所定の高温度帯に到達することができ、真水等に発熱体を浸漬した場合にでも発熱体に歪みを生じさせることのなく、発熱効率に優れ、かつ通電耐久性が優れ、かつ加工性が良好な発熱体を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, an iron chromium group in which any one of the elements of titanium, rhodium, ruthenium, bismuth and palladium, or a combination of two or more of these elements is blended with iron chromium and indium or nickel and indium. Since the heating element contains an alloy or nickel-based alloy, it can reach a predetermined high temperature zone instantly when energized, and the heating element is distorted even when the heating element is immersed in fresh water or the like. It is possible to provide a heating element having excellent heat generation efficiency, excellent energization durability, and good workability.
以下、本発明を実施形態に基づき詳細に説明する。
本発明に係る発熱体は、鉄クロム基合金あるいはニッケル基合金からなる。鉄クロム基合金は、少なくとも鉄クロムおよびインジウムを含有し、ニッケル基合金は、少なくともニッケルおよびインジウムを含有する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the embodiments.
The heating element according to the present invention is made of an iron-chromium-based alloy or a nickel-based alloy. The iron-chromium-based alloy contains at least iron-chromium and indium, and the nickel-based alloy contains at least nickel and indium.
この場合、合金中、鉄クロムおよびニッケルのそれぞれの含有量は、発熱体の発熱量の大きさ、発熱即応性、長期使用時の劣化防止、および経済性の観点から、好ましくは２０〜５０質量％、より好ましくは２５〜４５質量％である。 In this case, the respective contents of chromium iron and nickel in the alloy are preferably 20 to 50 mass from the viewpoint of the magnitude of the calorific value of the heating element, the quick response to heat generation, the prevention of deterioration during long-term use, and the economic efficiency. %, More preferably 25-45% by mass.
また、合金中、（インジウム）／（鉄クロム）、（インジウム）／（ニッケル）の質量比は、発熱体の発熱量の大きさ、発熱即応性および長期使用時の劣化防止の観点から、好ましくは０．００１〜０．２、より好ましくは０．００５〜０．１８である。 Further, the mass ratio of (indium) / (iron chromium) and (indium) / (nickel) in the alloy is preferable from the viewpoint of the magnitude of the calorific value of the heating element, the quick response to heat generation, and the prevention of deterioration during long-term use. Is 0.001 to 0.2, more preferably 0.005 to 0.18.
さらに、本発明の合金においては、鉄クロム、ニッケル、インジウムのそれぞれが金属酸化物の形態を呈していても良い。なお、このように各金属成分が金属酸化物の形態を呈していても、金属的特性は発揮しうる。 Further, in the alloy of the present invention, each of chromium iron, nickel and indium may be in the form of a metal oxide. Even if each metal component is in the form of a metal oxide in this way, the metallic properties can be exhibited.
また、本発明の合金は、発熱体の発熱量の大きさ、発熱即応性および長期使用時の劣化防止の観点から、さらに、チタン（Ｔｉ）、ルテニウム（Ｒｕ）、ロジウム（Ｒｈ）、ビスマス（Ｂｉ）、パラジウム（Ｐｄ）の何れか２種類を含有することが好ましい。 Further, the alloy of the present invention further comprises titanium (Ti), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), and bismuth (from the viewpoint of the amount of heat generated by the heating element, the quick response to heat generation, and the prevention of deterioration during long-term use. It is preferable to contain any two types of Bi) and palladium (Pd).
より具体的には、鉄クロム基合金、ニッケル基合金に対して、１）チタンとインジウム２）インジウムとパラジウム、３）インジウムとビスマス、４）チタンとインジウムとパラジウムとビスマス、５）ロジウムとルテニウム、６）チタンとインジウムとビスマス、７）チタンとインジウムとパラジウムとルテニウムの７通りの何れかの配合を行うことが望ましい。 More specifically, for iron-chromium-based alloys and nickel-based alloys, 1) titanium and indium 2) indium and palladium, 3) indium and bismuth, 4) titanium, indium, palladium and bismuth, and 5) rhodium and ruthenium. , 6) Titanium, indium and bismuth, 7) Titanium, indium, palladium and ruthenium are preferably blended in any of seven ways.
これらを配合するのは、剛性率が強く（チタン４４、ロジウム１５０、ルテニウム１７３）、膨張率が低く（チタン８．６、ロジウム８．２、ルテニウム４．４、パラジウム１１．８）、モース硬度が硬く（チタン６、ロジウム６、ルテニウム６．５、パラジウム４．７５）、電気抵抗が少ない（チタン４２０Ω、ロジウム４３Ω、ビスマス１．２９Ω、ルテニウム７１Ω、パラジウム１０５Ω）ので発熱の抵抗が小さく、突入電力が大きくならないことに加え、密度も高い（チタン４．５０６、ロジウム１２．４、インジウム７．３、チタン４．５、ニッケル８．９、クロム７．１９）ことから変形しにくい上に錆びにくさも兼ね備えているためである。配合比としては、それぞれ同量の配合量とする。 These are blended with high rigidity (titanium 44, rhodium 150, ruthenium 173), low expansion rate (titanium 8.6, rhodium 8.2, ruthenium 4.4, palladium 11.8), and moth hardness. Is hard (titanium 6, rhodium 6, ruthenium 6.5, palladium 4.75) and has low electrical resistance (titanium 420Ω, rhodium 43Ω, bismuth 1.29Ω, ruthenium 71Ω, palladium 105Ω), so heat generation resistance is small and plunge. In addition to not increasing the power, the density is high (titanium 4.506, rhodium 12.4, indium 7.3, titanium 4.5, nickel 8.9, chromium 7.19), so it is hard to deform and rusts. This is because it also has difficulty. The blending ratio shall be the same amount for each.
これらの元素の酸化物の使用量は、合金を１００質量％としたときに、鉄クロム、ニッケルおよびインジウムの酸化物の量を１００質量％から差し引いたバランス量を用いる。 As the amount of oxides of these elements used, the balance amount obtained by subtracting the amount of oxides of iron chromium, nickel and indium from 100% by mass is used when the alloy is 100% by mass.
さらに、これらの元素の鉄クロム基合金、ニッケル基合金に対する配合比は、０．０１〜５％であることが、より良好な発熱体の発熱量の大きさ、発熱即応性および長期使用時の劣化防止の観点から望まれる。 Further, the compounding ratio of these elements to the iron-chromium-based alloy and the nickel-based alloy is 0.01 to 5%, which is better for the magnitude of calorific value of the heating element, heat generation responsiveness, and long-term use. It is desired from the viewpoint of preventing deterioration.
本発明の発熱体は、鉄クロム化合物、ニッケル化合物、インジウム化合物、および、必要に応じ、チタン（Ｔｉ）、ルテニウム（Ｒｕ）、ロジウム（Ｒｈ）、ビスマス（Ｂｉ）、パラジウム（Ｐｄ）等を含む化合物（以下、「原料化合物」という）を乾式または湿式にて混合し、酸化雰囲気下１０００℃以上にて焼成することにより得られる。 The heating element of the present invention contains an iron chromium compound, a nickel compound, an indium compound, and, if necessary, titanium (Ti), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), bismuth (Bi), palladium (Pd), and the like. It is obtained by mixing a compound (hereinafter referred to as "raw material compound") in a dry or wet manner and firing at 1000 ° C. or higher in an oxidizing atmosphere.
この場合において、原料化合物を十分に混和させるため、分散剤、および高分子化合物等のバインダーを使用してもよい。原料化合物はそれぞれの金属の金属粉末、酸化物、炭酸塩、硝酸塩等形態を含む。 In this case, a dispersant and a binder such as a polymer compound may be used in order to sufficiently mix the raw material compounds. The raw material compounds include metal powders, oxides, carbonates, nitrates and the like of each metal.
本発明の発熱体は、上記したような合金を含有してなるものである。 The heating element of the present invention contains the alloy as described above.
本発明の発熱体は種々の形態に加工できる。例えば、線条、帯状、板状、テープ状、フィルム状、メッシュ状、バルク状、ポーラス状、積層状等の任意形状に成形して発熱体としたもののみならず、フィラー、粒子等として、樹脂ないしゴム組成物、塗料組成物などのような有機系媒体、あるいはガラス、カーボン、金属、セラミックス等の無機系媒体中に配合して発熱体としても良い。 The heating element of the present invention can be processed into various forms. For example, not only a heating element formed into an arbitrary shape such as a line, a band, a plate, a tape, a film, a mesh, a bulk, a porous, and a laminated, but also a filler, particles, and the like. It may be blended in an organic medium such as a resin or rubber composition or a paint composition, or an inorganic medium such as glass, carbon, metal or ceramics to form a heating element.
このうち、発熱体としては、発熱面積が大きいことが有利であるので、平板状または網状又は微細凹凸面あることが好ましい。 Of these, as the heating element, it is advantageous that the heating area is large, so it is preferable that the heating element has a flat plate shape, a net shape, or a fine uneven surface.
平板状の発熱体は平面や波形状や渦巻き状または半円形やお椀状であることも可能である。また、焼結によりポーラス状の発熱体としても良い。 The flat heating element can be flat, wavy, spiral, semi-circular or bowl-shaped. Further, it may be a porous heating element by sintering.
発熱体の厚みは、好ましくは５０μｍ〜２００μｍであり、幅は好ましくは１〜２００ｍｍであり、長さは１〜５０ｍ範囲で任意に設定できる。厚みを５０μｍ〜２００μｍの範囲としたのは、この発熱体を水中に出し入れして瞬間的に高温または冷却された場合に厚み５０μｍでは歪んでしまい、平面を保てないからである。 The thickness of the heating element is preferably 50 μm to 200 μm, the width is preferably 1 to 200 mm, and the length can be arbitrarily set in the range of 1 to 50 m. The thickness is set in the range of 50 μm to 200 μm because when the heating element is put in and out of water and momentarily heated or cooled, the thickness is distorted at 50 μm and the flat surface cannot be maintained.
また、線状の場合は積層して発熱体とすることもできる。更に、三枚以上の異なった金属または耐熱セラミック等とで平板張り合わせして歪み防止を施した発熱体としても良い。 Further, in the case of a linear shape, it can be laminated to form a heating element. Further, it may be a heating element in which distortion is prevented by laminating flat plates with three or more different metals or heat-resistant ceramics.
また、口径が５ｍｍ〜２０００ｍｍ範囲であり、長さが３〜５０００ｍｍ範囲の円筒形またはおよび各種角型筒状の発熱体とし、耐熱ガラスまたはおよび耐熱セラミックスまたはおよび耐熱樹脂の容器に収納しても良い。 Further, even if a cylindrical or various square tubular heating elements having a diameter in the range of 5 mm to 2000 mm and a length in the range of 3 to 5000 mm are used and stored in a container of heat-resistant glass or heat-resistant ceramics or heat-resistant resin. good.
また、筒状の両端には各種加熱物の入口と出口を配設する。In addition, inlets and outlets for various heated materials are arranged at both ends of the tubular shape.
また、発熱体を、平板状および／または微細線の積層状および／または網状および／またはポーラス状にし、他の金属および／またはセラミックおよびまたは耐熱樹脂と二枚以上に貼り合わせて積層に加工し、それらの加工発熱体を筒状の収納部に収納し、各種流体を筒の中を通過させながら加熱を処理行うようにしても良い。または、鉄板状加熱調理器または鍋・釜等の調理容器として成形し加熱処理を行うようにしても良い。 Further, the heating element is formed into a laminated shape and / or a net-like shape and / or a porous shape of flat and / or fine wires, and is processed into a laminated structure by laminating two or more sheets with other metal and / or ceramic and / or heat-resistant resin. , These processing heating elements may be stored in a tubular storage portion, and heating may be performed while passing various fluids through the cylinder. Alternatively, it may be molded as an iron plate-shaped cooker or a cooking container such as a pot or a kettle and heat-treated.
なお、ポーラス状および積層状の発熱体の空隙率は１５〜９７％の範囲が望ましい。 The porosity of the porous and laminated heating elements is preferably in the range of 15 to 97%.
本発明の発熱体は、合金中における上述の元素の成分比、印加電圧および発熱体の形状を調整すれば、発熱体の発熱量を所望の水準に自動調整することができるという優れた特性を示す。 The heating element of the present invention has excellent characteristics that the calorific value of the heating element can be automatically adjusted to a desired level by adjusting the component ratio of the above-mentioned elements in the alloy, the applied voltage, and the shape of the heating element. Shown.
なお、本発明の発熱体を抵抗体部とし、その両端部に、端子を設けることができる。端子に用いられる電極としては、良導電性のものであれば、特に限定されるものではなく、銅ないし銅合金、銀等各種のものを用いることができるが、特に、りん青銅を含有する電極を前記抵抗体部と一体成型することが、安定かつ良好な接合を形成できるので望ましい。 The heating element of the present invention may be used as a resistor, and terminals may be provided at both ends thereof. The electrode used for the terminal is not particularly limited as long as it has good conductivity, and various electrodes such as copper or copper alloy and silver can be used, but in particular, an electrode containing phosphor bronze. Is desirable because it is possible to form a stable and good bond by integrally molding the resistor portion.
＜本発明の適用例＞
本発明は、前述の発熱体に通電して発熱体を発熱させ、発熱体の周囲に存在する気体を加熱し、加熱された気体を送風する温風ヒーターとしてエアコンの吹き出し口に配設し、コンプレッサーを使用せず瞬間温風を提供することができる。<Application example of the present invention>
In the present invention, the above-mentioned heating element is energized to generate heat, the gas existing around the heating element is heated, and the heated gas is provided as a hot air heater at the outlet of the air conditioner. Instantaneous warm air can be provided without using a compressor.
この温風ヒーターは居住する部屋、浴室の脱衣場やトイレの暖房に使用できる。また、バスタブに温湯を満たした状態で浴室のドアを閉じ、この温風ヒーターを運転し浴室内空気を循環されば簡易サウナにもなる。 This hot air heater can be used to heat living rooms, bathroom dressing areas and toilets. In addition, if the bathroom door is closed with the bathtub filled with hot water and the hot air heater is operated to circulate the air in the bathroom, it can be used as a simple sauna.
まｔ、本発明の発熱体は自動車室内用ヒーターとして用いることもできる。特に、冬場の場合、通常はヒーターをオンにしても最初は冷風が出て暖かくないが、本発明の発熱体は電圧印加後に瞬時に温風を発生することができる。 Moreover, the heating element of the present invention can also be used as a heater for an automobile interior. In particular, in winter, normally, even if the heater is turned on, cold air is emitted at first and it is not warm, but the heating element of the present invention can instantly generate warm air after applying a voltage.
また、靴（長靴を含む）、手袋、ジャケットやズボン等の防寒用具に本発明の発熱体を装着し、バッテリー等で発熱させれば厳冬期でもすぐに暖かくなり、快適なアウトドアライフを楽しむことができる。 In addition, if you attach the heating element of the present invention to cold protection equipment such as shoes (including boots), gloves, jackets and trousers and heat it with a battery etc., it will warm up immediately even in the midwinter and you can enjoy a comfortable outdoor life. Can be done.
更に、加熱される気体としての水蒸気を更に再加熱し２００〜４００℃とし、再加熱した過熱水蒸気を調理器具等に使用することができる。 Further, the steam as a gas to be heated is further reheated to 200 to 400 ° C., and the reheated superheated steam can be used for cooking utensils and the like.
また、このような再加熱された過熱水蒸気を用いれば、加熱調理が短時間で可能であり、旨味が食材から逃げず美味しい料理を提供することができる。 Further, by using such reheated superheated steam, cooking can be performed in a short time, and it is possible to provide a delicious dish without escaping the umami from the ingredients.
また、本発明の発熱体はエアーコンディショナーにおける結露防止用のヒーターとして使用することが可能である。 Further, the heating element of the present invention can be used as a heater for preventing dew condensation in an air conditioner.
本発明によれば、前述の発熱体に通電し発熱体を発熱させ発熱体の周囲に存在する固体を加熱することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to energize the above-mentioned heating element to generate heat and heat the solid existing around the heating element.
例えば、発熱体を複写機における印刷紙に付着させたトナーを定着させるトナー熱定着ローラー用ヒーターとすることができる。 For example, it can be a heater for a toner heat fixing roller that fixes a toner having a heating element attached to printing paper in a copying machine.
例えば、熱消去性インクの印刷物の消去装置における印刷紙加熱消去部の加熱用ヒーターとすることができる。 For example, it can be a heating heater for a printing paper heating / erasing unit in a device for erasing printed matter of heat-erasable ink.
また、融雪ヒーター、融氷ヒーターとして利用することができる。融雪ヒーターの一例として、雪掻きスコップや雪掻きシャベルの先端部に本発明の発熱体を装着し通電すれば雪掻きスコップやシャベルの先端部が発熱し、雪掻き作業の効率を極めて向上させることができる。 It can also be used as a snow melting heater and an ice melting heater. As an example of a snow melting heater, if the heating element of the present invention is attached to the tip of a snow shovel or a shovel and energized, the tip of the snow shovel or shovel generates heat, and the efficiency of the snow shovel can be extremely improved.
また、金属、プラスチックや紙等を加熱し、該媒体を介して媒体の中の液体、例えば水、茶、コーヒー等の飲料や、保温を必要とする液状油や乳化物等の液体を加熱または保温することもできる。 In addition, metal, plastic, paper, etc. are heated, and liquids in the medium, such as beverages such as water, tea, and coffee, and liquids such as liquid oils and emulsions that require heat retention are heated or processed through the medium. It can also keep warm.
また、水を瞬時に加熱することができることから、湯沸かし器（温水器）、温水シャワーや温水プールの加熱ヒーターとして使用することができる。 In addition, since water can be heated instantly, it can be used as a water heater (water heater), a hot water shower, or a heater for a hot water pool.
さらに、本発明の発熱体は水に接触させても漏電しないので、発熱体を発熱させ、直接、水等の液体と接触させて瞬時に加熱して温水出す温水器を提供することができる。また、温度を維持させる装置等が必要ないので、温水器をコンパクトにすることができる。 Further, since the heating element of the present invention does not leak electricity even when it comes into contact with water, it is possible to provide a water heater that heats the heating element and directly contacts it with a liquid such as water to instantly heat it and discharge hot water. Moreover, since a device for maintaining the temperature is not required, the water heater can be made compact.
さらに、胃がん・肺がん・乳がん等様々な癌細胞に４２〜４５度の範囲内で短時間加熱し、電磁波印加して駆除する体内挿入発熱装置等にも適用することができる。 Further, it can be applied to an internal heat generating device or the like which heats various cancer cells such as gastric cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer for a short time within a range of 42 to 45 degrees and applies electromagnetic waves to exterminate them.
＜その他の適用例＞
本発明は、その他、加熱作用を必要とする様々な装置等に適用することができる。例えば、エアコン瞬間発熱温風部・加熱部を含んだ床暖房装置、調理オーブン、ピッザ焼き窯、ポット、フライパン、鉄板調理器、炊飯器、鍋、保温庫、浴槽、温風機、ヘアードライヤー、電気毛布、温風扇、ガラス加熱機、電気炉、真空炭化装置、靴敷き暖房シート、ヘルメット、手袋、潜水服、ダイビング衣、水耕栽培液加熱装置、椅子用シートヒーター、床暖房用シートヒーター、ガラス窓貼り付け加温シート、調理用焼き物コンロ、液送ポンプ、高圧・高熱亜臨界及び臨界装置、医療用オートクレーブ滅菌機、サイクロン式蒸気発生装置、食器洗浄除菌機、衣類乾燥機、各種燃焼装置の着火グローヒーター、石油ストーブ発熱部、テレビ受像機等にも適用が可能である。<Other application examples>
The present invention can be applied to various devices and the like that require a heating action. For example, a floor heating device including an air conditioner instantaneous heating hot air section / heating section, a cooking oven, a pizza oven, a pot, a frying pan, an iron plate cooker, a rice cooker, a pot, a heat insulator, a bathtub, a hot air blower, a hair dryer, and electricity. Blanket, hot air fan, glass heater, electric furnace, vacuum carbonizer, shoe bed heating sheet, helmet, gloves, diving clothes, diving clothes, hydroponic cultivation liquid heating device, seat heater for chairs, seat heater for floor heating, glass Window-attached heating sheet, cooking stove, liquid feed pump, high-pressure / high-heat subcritical and critical equipment, medical autoclave sterilizer, cyclone steam generator, dishwashing sterilizer, clothes dryer, various combustion equipment It can also be applied to ignition glow heaters, oil stove heating parts, TV receivers, etc.
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