JP2021016278A - On-vehicle solar cell module - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an on-vehicle solar cell module that is lightweight and has excellent impact resistance.SOLUTION: An on-vehicle solar cell module 12 includes: a solar cell unit panel 21 having a plurality of solar cells 23 arranged in a planar manner; and a plate-shaped resin roof panel 22 that is formed of a transparent resin and arranged so as to cover the solar cell unit panel 21 from above. The solar cell unit panel 21 includes a sealing material layer 24 for sealing the plurality of solar cells 23, and a transparent thin glass layer 25 laminated on an upper surface of the sealing material layer 24, and has an elastic adhesive portion 35 that is interposed between the thin glass layer 25 and the resin roof panel 22, and fixes the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 22.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to an in-vehicle solar cell module including a solar cell unit panel including a solar cell and a plate-shaped resin roof panel formed of a transparent resin.

As the solar cell module, for example, a residential solar cell module installed in a house and an in-vehicle solar cell module mounted on a vehicle are known. These solar cell modules include a solar cell unit panel including a solar cell and a surface protective material for protecting the solar cell unit panel. Glass is often used as the surface protective material, but tempered glass is often used in in-vehicle solar cell modules. When tempered glass is used for the in-vehicle solar cell module used for the roof of a vehicle, the weight increases as compared with the roof formed of a general steel plate, which causes a problem that the fuel consumption of the vehicle is lowered.

Therefore, in order to reduce the weight of the in-vehicle solar cell module, a resin panel in which the surface protective material is made of a transparent resin such as polycarbonate may be adopted. For example, the in-vehicle solar cell module 50 shown in FIG. 5 includes a solar cell unit panel 51, a resin roof panel 52 made of a transparent resin joined so as to cover the solar cell unit panel 51 from above, and the solar cell unit panel 51. It has a back surface protective material 53 and. On the back surface of the resin roof panel 52, an alloy material layer 54 interposed between the resin roof panel 52 and the back surface protective material 53 is formed so as to surround the outer periphery of the solar cell unit panel 51.

The solar cell unit panel 51 has a solar cell 55 and a sealing material layer 56 formed of a resin that covers the periphery of the solar cell 55. Since the solar cell unit panel 51 is interposed between the resin roof panel 52 and the back surface protective material 53 and the outer periphery of the solar cell unit panel 51 is surrounded by the alloy material layer 54, the solar cell 55 is exposed to the outside. It has not been. Further, a barrier film 57 for preventing the permeation of gas and water vapor is interposed between the solar cell unit panel 51 and the resin roof panel 52 and the back surface protective material 53.

On the other hand, as a conventional technique related to an in-vehicle solar cell module, for example, a vehicle surface member having a solar cell device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known. The vehicle surface member of Patent Document 1 includes an outer layer formed of an external weather-resistant, UV-stable and scratch-resistant outer film, a transparent layer of a hot melt adhesive, a solar cell, and a colored hot melt below the solar cell. It has a separation layer for separating the adhesive from the clear hot melt adhesive above the solar cell and a layer of colored hot melt adhesive containing the hot melt adhesive.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-530444

However, in the case of the conventional in-vehicle solar cell module 50 shown in FIG. 5, for example, the design and strength of the roof are required, so that the in-vehicle solar cell module 50 is not a mere flat plate but a three-dimensional object including a curved surface. Shape is often the case. In the three-dimensionally shaped in-vehicle solar cell module 50, it was difficult to attach the barrier film 57 to the solar cell unit panel 51 seamlessly and to maintain the gas barrier property.

On the other hand, in the vehicle surface member of Patent Document 1, the outer layer is made of transparent plastic or thin glass, but when an impact is applied to the outer layer of the vehicle surface member, the impact is easily transmitted to the solar cell. That is, the vehicle surface member of Patent Document 1 may damage the solar cell even if it receives a slight impact.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an in-vehicle solar cell module which is lightweight and has excellent impact resistance.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is formed from a solar cell unit panel including a plurality of solar cells arranged in a plane and a transparent resin, and the solar cell unit panel is viewed from above. In an in-vehicle solar cell module having a plate-shaped resin roof panel arranged so as to cover the solar cell unit panel, the solar cell unit panel includes a sealing material layer for sealing the plurality of solar cell cells and the sealing material. It has a transparent thin glass layer laminated on the upper surface of the layer, is interposed between the thin glass layer and the resin roof panel, and is elastically bonded to fix the solar cell unit panel and the resin roof panel. It is characterized by having a part.

In the present invention, an elastic adhesive portion is interposed between the thin glass layer of the solar cell unit panel and the resin roof panel to fix the solar cell unit panel and the resin roof panel. Therefore, even if an impact is applied to the resin roof panel, the elastic adhesive portion interposed between the thin glass layer and the resin roof panel absorbs the impact, so that the impact on the solar cell unit panel can be reduced. it can. Further, since the elastic adhesive portion is interposed between the thin glass layer of the solar cell unit panel and the resin roof panel, the solar cell unit panel may have a structure in which the thin glass layer may be provided.

Further, in the above-mentioned in-vehicle solar cell module, a gap may be provided between the thin glass layer and the resin roof panel.
In this case, even if an impact is applied to the resin roof panel due to the gap between the thin glass layer and the resin roof panel, the thin glass layer is at least as long as the impact is such that the resin roof panel does not hit the solar cell unit panel. Is not impacted by the resin roof panel. Therefore, the solar cell unit panel is not damaged by the impact from the resin roof panel.

Further, in the above-mentioned in-vehicle solar cell module, the elastic adhesive portion may be formed of a transparent adhesive.
In this case, since the elastic adhesive portion is formed of a transparent adhesive, the elastic adhesive portion is interposed between the thin glass layer of the solar cell unit panel and the resin roof panel at a position above the solar cell. Even if it is made to do so, the power generation of the solar cell is not hindered. Therefore, the elastic adhesive portion can be interposed between the thin glass layer and the resin roof panel at a position above the solar cell. Further, even if an impact is applied to the resin roof panel, the elastic adhesive portion absorbs the impact, so that the impact on the solar cell unit panel can be reduced.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an in-vehicle solar cell module that is lightweight and has excellent impact resistance.

It is a perspective view of the vehicle provided with the in-vehicle solar cell module which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a top view of the in-vehicle solar cell module which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the main part of the in-vehicle solar cell module which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and is the AA line arrow view of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the main part of the in-vehicle solar cell module which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the main part of the conventional in-vehicle solar cell module.

(First Embodiment)
Hereinafter, the in-vehicle solar cell module according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The in-vehicle solar cell module of the present embodiment is applied to an automobile as a vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle 10 includes a vehicle body 11, an in-vehicle solar cell module 12 forming a part of the roof, and a pair of left and right roof side members 13 which are a part of the vehicle body 11. ..

As shown in FIG. 1, the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 has a gently curved surface, but is substantially rectangular in the plan view shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the front edge portion 14 of the vehicle-mounted solar cell module 12 follows the upper edge portion of the windshield window 15 of the vehicle 10, and the rear edge portion 16 of the vehicle-mounted solar cell module 12 is the vehicle-mounted sun. It follows the front edge of the rear roof 17, which forms the roof together with the battery module 12. The left and right side edge portions 18 of the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 are along a pair of left and right roof side members 13. The windshield window 15, the rear roof 17, and the pair of left and right roof side members 13 correspond to peripheral edges surrounding the window frame.

As shown in FIG. 3, the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 is formed of a solar cell unit panel 21 including a plurality of solar cell cells 23 and a transparent resin so as to cover the solar cell unit panel 21 from above. A plate-shaped resin roof panel 22 arranged in the above is provided.

As shown in FIG. 3, the solar cell unit panel 21 is laminated on the surface of the plurality of solar cells 23, the sealing material layer 24 for sealing the plurality of solar cells 23, and the sealing material layer 24. It has a transparent thin glass layer 25 and a back surface protective layer 26 laminated on the back surface of the sealing material layer 24.

As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of solar cell 23s are arranged in a plane. The solar cell 23 of the present embodiment is a known solar cell, but may be, for example, a single crystal silicon type solar cell or a polycrystalline silicon type solar cell. In addition, the solar cell may be an amorphous silicon type, a compound semiconductor type, an organic thin film type, a GaAS type, or a perovskite type.

The encapsulant layer 24 encapsulates a plurality of solar cells 23 arranged in a plane, and the material of the encapsulant layer 24 is, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). As the material of the sealing material layer 24, any one of polyolefin, silicone resin and ionomer resin may be used. The thin glass layer 25 has a plate thickness of 1 mm or less and is formed of highly transparent glass. By using the thin glass layer 25 having a plate thickness of 1 mm or less, the weight of the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 is reduced. The area of the thin glass layer 25 is the same as the area of the sealing material layer 24.

A back surface protective layer 26 is laminated on the back surface of the sealing material layer 24 of the in-vehicle solar cell module 12. The back surface protective layer 26 is a layer for protecting the back surface of the encapsulant layer 24, and is formed of, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The back surface protective layer 26 may use a resin material other than polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Next, the resin roof panel 22 will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the resin roof panel 22 has a transparent resin layer 31 formed of transparent polycarbonate (PC) and an opaque resin layer 32 laminated on the back surface of the transparent resin layer 31. .. The opaque resin layer 32 is formed of opaque polycarbonate to which a colorant has been added, and is black. The term "transparent" as used herein means that the transmittance of visible light specified by laws and regulations and notifications is satisfied. For example, in Japan, it suffices to satisfy the transmittance of visible light stipulated by the Road Transport Vehicle Law and the notification that defines the details of the safety standards for road transport vehicles. Further, "opaque" means that the transmittance of visible light is lower than that of the transparent resin layer 31.

The opaque resin layer 32 is formed corresponding to the size of the resin roof panel 22. The opaque resin layer 32 is laminated so as to correspond to the elastic adhesive portion 35 described later. Specifically, the opaque resin layer 32 is formed on the back surface of the transparent resin layer 31 along the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the transparent resin layer 31 so as to form a rectangular ring in a plan view. The opaque resin layer 32 is laminated at a position that does not overlap with the solar cell 23 in the stacking direction of the transparent resin layer 31 and the opaque resin layer 32. The opaque resin layer 32 blocks light from the elastic adhesive portion 35 and prevents the elastic adhesive portion 35 from being deteriorated by ultraviolet rays.

As shown in FIG. 3, a hard coat layer 33 is formed on the surface of the resin roof panel 22 (the surface of the transparent resin layer 31). The hard coat layer 33 is, for example, a hard coat layer made of a silicon-based ultraviolet curable acrylic resin containing a silicon-based compound. Since the hard coat layer 33 contains a silicon compound, the surface hardness is increased by immobilizing the silicon compound on the coating film surface (hard coat surface), and the hard coat layer 33 is excellent in scratch resistance and weather resistance. It becomes.

A hard coat layer 34 is formed on the back surface of the resin roof panel 22 (the back surface of the transparent resin layer 31 on the vehicle interior side) except for the portion where the opaque resin layer 32 is laminated. The hard coat layer 34 is a hard coat layer made of the same silicon-based ultraviolet curable acrylic resin as the hard coat layer 33 formed on the surface of the resin roof panel 22.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the elastic adhesive portion 35 is interposed between the thin glass layer 25 and the opaque resin layer 32 of the resin roof panel 22. The elastic adhesive portion 35 is formed of a urethane-based adhesive, and fixes the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 22. In a state where the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 22 are fixed, the elastic adhesive portion 35 is formed in an annular shape along the outer peripheral edge of the solar cell unit panel 21. Since the elastic adhesive portion 35 has appropriate elasticity, the thermal expansion and contraction that occur in the surface direction of the resin roof panel 22 are reasonably absorbed by elastic deformation.

Since the elastic adhesive portion 35 has a certain thickness or more, a gap G is formed between the thin glass layer 25 and the resin roof panel 22. The gap G is provided so that the resin roof panel 22 does not collide with the solar cell unit panel 21 or the resin roof panel 22 does not easily come into contact with the solar cell unit panel 21 even if an impact is applied to the resin roof panel 22. ing. The thickness of the elastically bonded portion 35 is preferably such that it can be elastically deformed without difficulty and can absorb thermal expansion and contraction that occur in the surface direction of the resin roof panel 22.

The in-vehicle solar cell module 12 configured in this way is attached to the vehicle body 11 of the vehicle 10, but the means for attaching the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 to the vehicle body 11 is a known attachment means such as an adhesive. ..

Next, the operation of the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 of the present embodiment will be described. A case where an impact is applied to the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 by dropping a small object such as a ball when the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 is attached to the vehicle body 11 will be described.

When an impact is applied to the resin roof panel 22 of the in-vehicle solar cell module 12, the resin roof panel 22 bends. A gap G is formed between the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 22. Therefore, if the resin roof panel 22 is impacted by an amount of deflection that does not hit the solar cell unit panel 21, the resin roof panel 22 may collide with the solar cell unit panel 21 even if the resin roof panel 22 is bent by the impact. Absent. Therefore, even if the resin roof panel 22 is bent by the impact, the thin glass layer 25 is not damaged. That is, the solar cell unit panel 21 is not damaged by the collision with the resin roof panel 22. Further, even if the resin roof panel 22 hits the solar cell unit panel 21 with an impact of the amount of bending, the impact is reduced, so that the thin glass layer 25 is not easily damaged.

Further, since the elastic adhesive portion 35 is interposed between the thin glass layer 25 and the opaque resin layer 32 of the resin roof panel 22, the impact transmitted from the resin roof panel 22 to the elastic adhesive portion 35 is the elastic adhesive portion. Absorbed by 35. Therefore, the impact applied to the resin roof panel 22 is hardly transmitted to the thin glass layer 25 of the solar cell unit panel 21, and the thin glass layer 25 is not damaged. Therefore, the solar cell unit panel 21 is not damaged. Since the elastic bonding portion 35 has appropriate elasticity, the thermal expansion and contraction that occur in the surface direction of the resin roof panel 22 are absorbed by elastic deformation, and the solar cell unit panel 21 is the resin roof panel 22. It will not be damaged by thermal expansion and contraction that occur in the plane direction.

The in-vehicle solar cell module 12 of the present embodiment has the following effects.
(1) An elastic adhesive portion 35 is interposed between the thin glass layer 25 of the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 22, and fixes the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 22. Therefore, even if an impact is applied to the resin roof panel 22, the elastic adhesive portion 35 interposed between the thin glass layer 25 and the resin roof panel 22 absorbs the impact, so that the impact on the solar cell unit panel 21 is obtained. Can be reduced. Further, since the elastic adhesive portion 35 is interposed between the thin glass layer 25 of the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 22, the solar cell unit panel 21 may have the thin glass layer 25. This makes it possible to reduce the weight of the solar cell unit panel 21. As described above, the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 is lightweight and has excellent impact resistance.

(2) A gap G is provided between the thin glass layer 25 and the resin roof panel 22. Therefore, even if an impact is applied to the resin roof panel 22, the resin roof panel 22 may collide with the solar cell unit panel 21 if the impact is such that the resin roof panel 22 does not hit the solar cell unit panel 21. Absent. Therefore, the thin glass layer 25 is not damaged by the impact from the resin roof panel 22. Further, the void G does not block the passage of light transmitted through the resin roof panel 22, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell 23 does not decrease.

(3) In the in-vehicle solar cell module 12, the elastic adhesive portion 35 is formed in an annular shape on the resin roof panel 22 so as to have a gap G between the thin glass layer 25 and the resin roof panel 22. Therefore, the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 is easier to manufacture as compared with the conventional in-vehicle solar cell module in which the resin roof panel is joined so as to cover the solar cell unit panel from above. Since the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 can be easily manufactured, the manufacturing cost of the in-vehicle solar cell module 12 can be reduced.

(4) Since the thin glass layer 25 can be adopted for the solar cell unit panel 21, it is possible to reliably prevent the permeation of gas and water vapor into the encapsulant layer 24, and the generation of air bubbles in the encapsulant layer 24 can be prevented. It is possible to prevent a decrease in the output of the solar cell 23 due to moisture absorption.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, the in-vehicle solar cell module according to the second embodiment will be described. The in-vehicle solar cell module of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it does not have a gap between the thin glass layer and the resin roof panel. In the present embodiment, the description of the first embodiment is incorporated for the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and a common reference numeral is used.

As shown in FIG. 4, the in-vehicle solar cell module 40 includes an elastic adhesive portion 43 interposed between the solar cell unit panel 21, the resin roof panel 41, and the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 41. It has.

The resin roof panel 41 has a transparent resin layer 31 formed of transparent polycarbonate (PC) and an opaque resin layer 32 laminated on the back surface of the transparent resin layer 31. In the present embodiment, the primer layer 42 is formed on the back surface of the resin roof panel 41 except for the portion where the opaque resin layer 32 is laminated.

The primer layer 42 is a layer formed to enhance the adhesiveness between the transparent resin layer 31 and the elastic adhesive portion 35. The material of the primer layer 42 is a known material, and a material corresponding to the material of the transparent resin layer 31 and the elastic adhesive portion 35 is selected. Since the primer layer 42 is located above the solar cell 23, a material having a high visible light transmittance is preferable, and for example, a material having the same transmittance as the transparent resin layer 31 may be used.

The elastic adhesive portion 43 is formed of a transparent silicone-based adhesive, is interposed between the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 41 over the range in which the primer layer 42 is formed, and is interposed between the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 41. And the resin roof panel 41 are fixed. Since the elastic adhesive portion 35 has appropriate elasticity, it absorbs thermal expansion and contraction that occur in the surface direction of the resin roof panel 41 by elastic deformation. The silicone-based adhesive is an adhesive in which the change in elastic modulus is small from low temperature to high temperature. Further, the bonding force of the silicone adhesive to the thin glass layer 25 is high.

When an impact is applied to the resin roof panel 41 of the in-vehicle solar cell module 40, the resin roof panel 41 bends. Since the elastic adhesive portion 43 between the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 41 has appropriate elasticity, the impact of the resin roof panel 41 is absorbed by the elastic adhesive portion 43, and the impact on the solar cell unit panel 21 is generated. It will be relaxed. Therefore, even if the thin glass layer 25 is formed on the solar cell unit panel 21, the thin glass layer 25 is not easily damaged.

The thermal expansion / contraction that occurs in the surface direction of the resin roof panel 41 is larger than the thermal expansion / thermal shrinkage that occurs in the surface direction of the thin glass layer 25 of the solar cell unit panel 21, but the elasticity formed by the silicone adhesive. The adhesive portion 43 absorbs the difference in thermal expansion and contraction due to elastic deformation.

According to the in-vehicle solar cell module 40 of the present embodiment, since the elastic adhesive portion 43 is formed of a transparent silicone adhesive, the thin glass layer 25 of the solar cell unit panel 21 and the resin roof panel 41 Even if the elastic adhesive portion 43 is interposed at a position above the solar cell 23, the power generation of the solar cell 23 is not hindered. Therefore, the elastic adhesive portion 43 can be interposed between the thin glass layer 25 and the resin roof panel 41 at a position above the solar cell 23. Further, even if an impact is applied to the resin roof panel 41, the elastic adhesive portion 43 absorbs the impact, so that the impact on the solar cell unit panel 21 can be reduced.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the invention. For example, the present invention may be modified as follows.

○ In the above embodiment, the resin roof panel made of transparent polycarbonate is used, but this is not the case. The transparent material of the resin roof panel is not limited to polycarbonate, and for example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and the like may be selected.
○ In the second embodiment described above, a transparent silicone-based adhesive is used as the material of the elastic adhesive portion, but the transparent material of the elastic adhesive portion is not limited to the silicone-based adhesive. The material of the elastic bonding portion may be a transparent material and a material having a small change in elastic modulus from low temperature to high temperature.
○ In the second embodiment described above, the primer layer is formed on the resin roof panel, but this is not the case. For example, the primer layer does not necessarily have to be formed as long as the bonding force between the resin roof panel and the elastic adhesive portion is strong.
○ In the above embodiment, an example of an automobile is shown as a vehicle, but the vehicle is not limited to the automobile. In addition to automobiles, the vehicle may be, for example, a railroad vehicle.

10 Vehicle 12 In-vehicle solar cell module 21, 40, 50 Solar cell unit panel 22, 41, 52 Resin roof panel 23, 55 Solar cell 24, 51 Encapsulant layer 25 Thin glass layer 26, 53 Back surface protective layer 31 Transparent Resin layer 32 Opaque resin layer 33, 34 Hard coat layer 35, 43 Elastic adhesive part 42 Primer layer 54 Alloy material layer G Void

Claims (3)

A solar cell unit panel containing a plurality of solar cells arranged in a plane, and
In an in-vehicle solar cell module having a plate-shaped resin roof panel formed of a transparent resin and arranged so as to cover the solar cell unit panel from above.
The solar cell unit panel is
A sealing material layer that seals the plurality of solar cells, and
It has a transparent thin glass layer laminated on the upper surface of the sealing material layer, and has.
An in-vehicle solar cell module characterized by having an elastic adhesive portion interposed between the thin glass layer and the resin roof panel and fixing the solar cell unit panel and the resin roof panel. The vehicle-mounted solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein a gap is provided between the thin glass layer and the resin roof panel. The vehicle-mounted solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the elastic adhesive portion is formed of a transparent adhesive.

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