JP2021002291A - Machine tool and control method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a machine tool and a control method capable of controlling the opening of a cover to an appropriate opening degree.SOLUTION: A lathe, as a machine tool, comprises: a cover having an opening 16 and forming a processing area for a work-piece; a door 21 for covering the opening 16; an actuator for opening and closing the door 21; and a control device for controlling the lathe. The control device includes: a processing program execution unit that executes a work-piece processing program; and an actuator control unit that controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening 16 changes according to instructions in processing program executed by the processing program execution unit.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

The present invention relates to machine tools and control methods.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-75916 (Patent Document 1) discloses a numerically controlled machine tool that processes a workpiece based on a machining program. The machine tool includes an entire cover provided with a notch, a door provided so as to close the notch, and a servomotor for opening and closing the door.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-75916

As disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, a machine tool provided with a door capable of automatically opening and closing is known. In such a machine tool, it is required to control the notch portion of the entire cover to an appropriate opening degree through the opening / closing operation of the door.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a machine tool and a control method capable of controlling the opening of the cover to an appropriate opening degree.

A machine tool according to the present invention has an opening, a cover for partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, an actuator for opening and closing the door, and a control device for controlling the machine tool. And. The control device includes an execution unit that executes a machining program of the work, and an actuator control unit that controls an actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program executed by the execution unit.

The instructions of the above machining program do not include instructions that directly instruct the opening / closing operation of the door.

In the machine tool configured in this way, the situation in the machining area changes depending on the content of the instruction of the machining program executed by the execution unit, so that the actuator control unit opens the opening in response to the instruction of the machining program. Control the actuator so that the degree changes. As a result, the opening of the cover can be controlled to an appropriate degree of opening according to the situation in the processing area.

Also preferably, the machining program includes a first command to operate the machine tool in the non-contact state of the tool and the work, and a second command to operate the machine tool at least in the contact state of the tool and the work. The actuator control unit controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the second command is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the first command.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, while the second instruction is executed, the timing of chip generation due to the contact state of the tool and the work is included. Therefore, by making the opening degree relatively small, it is possible to suppress the scattering of chips outside the processing area. On the other hand, while the first instruction is executed, the tool and the workpiece are in a non-contact state and no chips are generated. Therefore, by increasing the opening degree of the opening relatively, it is possible to improve the visibility in the processing area by the operator.

Also preferably, the machining program places at least one of the tool and the workpiece in the first position with a third instruction that moves the tool and the workpiece to a first position close to each other. To the fourth command to move the work to the second position where the machining of the work is stopped, and the fifth position to move at least one of the tool and the work from the second position to the third position where the tool and the work are separated from each other. Including the instructions of. The actuator control unit controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the fourth instruction is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the third instruction and the fifth instruction. To do.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, while the fourth instruction is executed, the timing of chip generation due to the machining of the workpiece by the tool is included. Therefore, by making the opening degree relatively small, it is possible to suppress the scattering of chips outside the processing area. On the other hand, while the third command and the fifth command are executed, chips are not generated because the work is before or after machining. Therefore, by increasing the opening degree of the opening relatively, it is possible to improve the visibility in the processing area by the operator.

Also preferably, the machining program issues a sixth command to discharge the cutting oil into the machining area at a relatively small pressure and a seventh command to discharge the cutting oil into the machining area at a relatively large pressure. Including. The actuator control unit controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the seventh instruction is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the sixth instruction.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, the cutting oil is discharged at a relatively large pressure while the seventh instruction is executed, so that the cutting oil is likely to be scattered outside the machining area. Therefore, by making the opening degree relatively small, it is possible to suppress the scattering of cutting oil to the outside of the machining area. On the other hand, while the sixth command is executed, the discharge pressure of the cutting oil is relatively small, so that the cutting oil is unlikely to scatter outside the machining area. Therefore, by increasing the opening degree of the opening relatively, it is possible to improve the visibility in the processing area by the operator.

Also preferably, the machine tool further comprises a spindle for rotating the work. The actuator control unit is a machining program in which the opening degree of the opening specifies at least one of the radius of the work, the rotation speed of the work, the feed rate of the tool with respect to the work, the depth of cut of the tool with respect to the work, and the position of the machining point. The actuator is controlled so as to change according to the command of.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, at least one of the radius of the workpiece, the rotation speed of the workpiece, the feed rate of the tool with respect to the workpiece, the depth of cut of the tool with respect to the workpiece, and the position of the machining point is the machining area. In order to affect the generation of chips inside, the actuator control unit controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to the instruction of the machining program that specifies these. Thereby, the opening of the cover can be controlled to an appropriate opening degree corresponding to the degree of generation of chips in the processing area.

Also preferably, the machine tool further comprises a tool spindle for rotating the tool. The actuator control unit is a machining program in which the opening degree of the opening specifies at least one of the radius of the tool, the rotation speed of the tool, the feed rate of the tool with respect to the workpiece, the depth of cut of the tool with respect to the workpiece, and the position of the machining point. The actuator is controlled so as to change according to the command of.

According to a machine tool configured in this way, at least one of the tool radius, the tool rotation speed, the tool feed rate with respect to the workpiece, the depth of cut of the tool with respect to the workpiece, and the position of the machining point is the machining area. In order to affect how chips are generated inside, the actuator control unit controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to the instruction of the machining program that specifies these. Thereby, the opening of the cover can be controlled to an appropriate opening degree corresponding to the degree of generation of chips in the processing area.

Also preferably, the machine tool holds a spindle that holds the work and rotates the work around a first axis that extends in the horizontal direction, and a tool post that holds the tool and is movable along the axial direction of the first axis. And further prepare. The door is slidable along the axial direction of the first axis. The actuator control unit controls the actuator so that the door closes the opening from the tool post to the side closer to the spindle at least in the axial direction of the first axis when the workpiece held on the spindle rotates.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, the door closes the opening in the region close to the spindle from the tool post at least in the axial direction of the first axis, so that the machining point of the work piece by the tool is set by the door. It can be covered more reliably. As a result, it is possible to more effectively suppress the scattering of chips outside the processing area.

It is also preferable that the machine tool holds the tool and holds the work at a position deviated from the tool spindle in the axial direction of the tool spindle and the tool spindle that rotates the tool around the second axis extending in the horizontal direction. Further equipped with a table. The door is slidable along the axial direction of the second axis. The actuator control unit controls the actuator so that when the tool held on the tool spindle rotates, the door closes the opening in a region close to the table from the end face of the tool spindle at least in the axial direction of the second axis. To do.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, the door closes the opening in the region near the table from the end face of the tool spindle at least in the axial direction of the second axis, so that the work piece is machined by the tool by the door. The points can be covered more reliably. As a result, it is possible to more effectively suppress the scattering of chips outside the processing area.

The control method according to the present invention is a machine tool control method. The machine tool includes a cover having an opening and partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, and an actuator for opening and closing the door. The control method includes a step of controlling the actuator and a step of executing the machining program so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program of the workpiece to be executed.

According to the control method configured in this way, the opening of the cover can be controlled to an appropriate opening degree according to the situation in the machining area.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a machine tool and a control method capable of controlling the opening of the cover to an appropriate opening degree.

It is a perspective view which shows the lathe in Embodiment 1 of this invention. FIG. 5 is a front view schematically showing a state in which the door is closed in the lathe in FIG. 1. It is a front view which shows typically the state which the door opens operation in the lathe in FIG. It is a front view which shows typically the inside of the processing area of the lathe in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the control device in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the machining program executed by the machining program execution part in FIG. It is a figure which shows the flow of work processing, and the change of the opening degree of the opening with the work processing. It is a front view which shows the inside of the processing area at the time of workpiece processing. It is a front view which shows the inside of the processing area at the time of workpiece processing. It is a front view which shows the inside of the processing area at the time of workpiece processing. It is a front view which shows the positional relationship between the opening / closing position of a door in a lathe in FIG. 1 and a tool post. It is a front view which shows the positional relationship between the opening / closing position of a door in a horizontal machining center, and a tool spindle. It is a figure which shows an example of the machining program executed by the machining program execution part in the lathe in Embodiment 2 of this invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings referred to below, the same or corresponding members are given the same number.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a lathe according to the first embodiment of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 1, the lathe 10 in the present embodiment is an NC (Numerically Control) machine tool in which various operations for machining a workpiece are automated by numerical control by a computer.

The lathe 10 has a cover 12, a door 21, a drive side pulley 31, a driven side pulley 32, a belt 36, and an actuator 41.

The cover 12, also called a splash guard, has the appearance of a lathe 10 and forms a processing area 18 as a section. The cover 12 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape as a whole. The cover 12 has a front portion 13 and a ceiling portion 14. The cover 12 is provided with an opening 16. The opening 16 opens from the front portion 13 of the cover 12 to the ceiling portion 14, and is provided over a predetermined range along the horizontal direction (Z-axis direction).

The door 21 is provided in the opening 16. The door 21 has a front portion 22 and an upper portion 23. The door 21 has a bent shape between the front portion 22 and the upper portion 23. The front portion 22 faces the front portion 13 of the cover 12. The front portion 22 is provided with a transparent window 24 for an operator to look into the processing area 18. The upper portion 23 faces the ceiling portion 14 of the cover 12.

The door 21 is provided so as to be slidable along the horizontal direction (Z-axis direction). The sliding operation of the door 21 causes the opening 16 to be opened or closed. When the opening 16 is closed, the door 21 partitions the machining area 18 together with the cover 12.

The operation of the door 21 when the opening area of the opening 16 increases is referred to as "opening operation". The operation of the door 21 when the opening area of the opening 16 is reduced is referred to as a "closing operation".

FIG. 2 is a front view schematically showing a state in which the door is closed in the lathe in FIG. FIG. 3 is a front view schematically showing a state in which the door is opened in the lathe in FIG.

With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, the drive side pulley 31 and the driven side pulley 32 are provided apart from each other. The drive side pulley 31 and the driven side pulley 32 are provided apart from each other in the horizontal direction (Z-axis direction). The drive side pulley 31 and the driven side pulley 32 are provided apart from each other in the sliding direction of the door 21.

The drive-side pulley 31 is provided so as to be rotatable around the central shaft 101. The driven side pulley 32 is provided so as to be rotatable around the central shaft 106. The central axis 101 and the central axis 106 extend in the horizontal direction. The central axis 101 and the central axis 106 extend in a direction orthogonal to the sliding direction of the door 21.

The drive side pulley 31 and the driven side pulley 32 are supported by the cover 12. The drive side pulley 31 and the driven side pulley 32 are provided on the ceiling portion 14 of the cover 12.

The belt 36 is engaged with the drive side pulley 31 and the driven side pulley 32. The belt 36 is hung between the drive side pulley 31 and the driven side pulley 32. The belt 36 is an annular endless belt that circulates between the drive side pulley 31 and the driven side pulley 32.

The door 21 is connected to the belt 36. The door 21 is connected to the belt 36 via a connecting member 26 provided on the upper portion 23 of the door 21.

The actuator 41 is a servomotor capable of arbitrarily controlling the rotation direction and rotation speed (acceleration) of the rotation shaft 42. The actuator 41 is provided on the ceiling portion 14 of the cover 12.

The actuator 41 has a rotating shaft 42. The rotary shaft 42 extends along the central axis 101. The rotating shaft 42 is centered on the central axis 101 in a first direction (direction indicated by arrow 110A in FIG. 2) and a second direction opposite to the first direction (direction indicated by arrow 110B in FIG. 3). ) And can be rotated.

A drive side pulley 31 is connected to the rotating shaft 42. The drive-side pulley 31 rotates (rotationally drives) about the central shaft 101 together with the rotary shaft 42.

As shown in FIG. 2, when the door 21 is closed, the rotary shaft 42 of the actuator 41 is rotationally driven in the first direction (the direction indicated by the arrow 110A). When the drive-side pulley 31 rotates in the first direction (direction indicated by arrow 110A) together with the rotating shaft 42, the belt 36 receives rotation from the drive-side pulley 31 to cause the drive-side pulley 31 and the driven-side pulley 32 to rotate. Orbit counterclockwise between them. As a result, the door 21 is integrally with the belt 36 and slides in the + Z axis direction shown by the arrow 112A.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the door 21 is opened, the rotary shaft 42 of the actuator 41 is rotationally driven in the second direction (the direction indicated by the arrow 110B). When the drive-side pulley 31 rotates together with the rotating shaft 42 in the second direction (direction indicated by the arrow 110B), the belt 36 receives rotation from the drive-side pulley 31 to cause the drive-side pulley 31 and the driven-side pulley 32 to rotate. Orbit clockwise between them. As a result, the door 21 is integrally with the belt 36 and slides in the −Z axis direction shown by the arrow 112B.

The door structure of the machine tool in the present invention is not limited to the above. For example, the machine tool in the present invention may have two double doors. Further, as the actuator in the present invention, various actuators capable of opening and closing the door by receiving an electric signal from the control device can be used. The actuator in the present invention may be, for example, a linear motor that outputs linear motion.

FIG. 4 is a front view schematically showing the inside of the processing area of the lathe in FIG. With reference to FIG. 4, the lathe 10 has a spindle 61 and a tool post 66.

The spindle 61 rotates the work W. The spindle 61 is rotatably provided about a central shaft 51 parallel to the Z axis by a motor (corresponding to the spindle motor 63 in FIG. 5). The spindle 61 is provided with a chuck mechanism 62 for holding the work W detachably.

The tool post 66 is a turret type tool post. The tool post 66 is provided so as to be rotatable around a central axis 52 parallel to the Z axis. A tool holder 69 for holding the tool T is attached at a position spaced around the central axis 52 in the circumferential direction. When the tool post 66 rotates around the central axis 52, the tool T held by the tool holder 69 moves in the circumferential direction, and the tool used for machining is indexed.

The tool post 66 has a Z-axis direction and an X-axis direction that is orthogonal to the Z-axis and is inclined with respect to the vertical direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors (corresponding to the feed motor 67 in FIG. 5), and the like. It is provided so that it can be moved along with. By moving the tool post 66 in the X-axis-Z-axis plane, the machining position of the work W by the tool T held in the tool holder 69 can be moved.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control device in FIG. With reference to FIG. 5, the lathe 10 further comprises a control device 200. The control device 200 controls the lathe 10. The control device 200 is provided on the lathe 10 and is a control panel for controlling various operations on the lathe 10.

The control device 200 includes a machining program storage unit 210, a machining program execution unit 220, a spindle control unit 230, a feed control unit 240, and an actuator control unit 260.

The machining program storage unit 210 stores a machining program (numerical control program) for the work created by the operator of the lathe 10. The processing program storage unit 210 is, for example, a flash memory.

The machining program execution unit 220 executes the machining program stored in the machining program storage unit 210.

More specifically, the machining program execution unit 220 reads the command of the machining program and transmits a control signal to each of the spindle control unit 230, the feed control unit 240, and the actuator control unit 260. The spindle control unit 230 controls the spindle motor 63 according to a control signal from the machining program execution unit 220. The feed control unit 240 controls the feed motor 67 according to a control signal from the machining program execution unit 220. The actuator control unit 260 controls the actuator 41 according to a control signal from the machining program execution unit 220.

The actuator control unit 260 controls the actuator 41 so that the opening degree of the opening 16 changes in response to a machining program command executed by the machining program execution unit 220. The "processing program command" referred to here does not include a command that directly instructs the opening / closing operation of the door 21.

The actuator control unit 260 has a storage unit 270 and a control unit 280. The storage unit 270 stores the relationship between the instruction of the machining program executed by the machining program execution unit 220 and the opening / closing position of the door 21.

The control unit 280 recognizes the machining program to be executed by the machining program execution unit 220. The control unit 280 identifies the opening / closing position of the door 21 by comparing the instruction of the processing program with the data stored in the storage unit 270. The control unit 280 controls the actuator 41 so that the door 21 is positioned at the specified opening / closing position.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a machining program executed by the machining program execution unit in FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the flow of work processing and the change in the opening degree of the opening due to the work processing. 8 to 10 are front views showing the inside of the machining area during machining of the workpiece.

With reference to FIG. 6, the machining program 400 is a machining program for machining the outer peripheral surface of the work W.

The machining program 400 includes a spindle rotation command 300, a tool fast-forward command 310, a tool cutting feed command 320, a tool fast-forward command 330, and a spindle stop command 340. The spindle rotation command 300, the tool fast-forward command 310, the tool cutting feed command 320, the tool fast-forward command 330, and the spindle stop command 340 are executed in the order listed here.

The spindle rotation command 300 commands the rotation of the spindle 61. The tool fast-forward command 310 commands the fast-forward of the tool T. The tool fast-forward command 310 corresponds to a third command for moving the tool T as at least one of the tool T and the work W to a first position where the tool T and the work W are close to each other.

The tool cutting feed command 320 commands the cutting feed of the tool T. The tool cutting feed command 320 corresponds to a fourth command for moving the tool T as at least one of the tool T and the work W from the first position described above to the second position where the machining of the work W is stopped. ing.

The tool fast-forward command 330 commands the fast-forward of the tool T. The tool fast-forward command 330 corresponds to a fifth command for moving the tool T as at least one of the tool T and the work W from the second position described above to a third position where the tool T and the work W are separated from each other. doing. The spindle stop command 340 commands the stop of rotation of the spindle 61.

Further, the tool fast-forward command 310 and the tool fast-forward command 330 correspond to the first command for operating the lathe 10 in a non-contact state between the tool T and the work W. The tool cutting feed command 320 corresponds to a second command for operating the lathe 10 at least in a contact state between the tool T and the work W.

The actuator control unit 260 sets the opening degree of the opening 16 while the tool cutting feed command 320 is executed to be smaller than the opening degree of the opening 16 while the tool fast-forward command 310 and the tool fast-forward command 330 are executed. , Control the actuator 41.

With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, the operator performs an operation for opening the door 21 to the fully open position (for example, pressing the open button of the door 21). The operator attaches the work W to the spindle 61 through the opening 16. After mounting the work W, the operator performs an operation for closing the door 21 to the fully closed position (for example, pressing the close button of the door 21). The operator performs an operation for executing the machining program 400 (for example, pressing the operation start button).

When the execution of the machining program 400 is started, the machining program execution unit 220 reads the spindle rotation command 300 and rotates the spindle 61 (S100). The spindle rotation command 300 includes a command for specifying the spindle rotation speed. The spindle 61 rotates at the rotation speed specified by the command.

The actuator control unit 260 then reads the tool fast-forward instruction 310 to be executed by the machining program execution unit 220. The actuator control unit 260 controls the actuator 41 so that the door 21 is positioned at the open / close position corresponding to the tool fast-forward command 310 (S101).

The door 21 opens until the opening area of the opening 16 becomes Sa. As an example, the door 21 opens until the opening degree of the opening 16 becomes 75%.

With reference to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, the machining program execution unit 220 reads the tool fast-forward instruction 310 and fast-forwards the tool T (S102). The tool fast-forward command 310 includes a feed command of the tool T for which the fast-forward speed is determined, and coordinates of the tool T after feeding. As the tool post 66 moves in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, the tool T moves to the first position close to the work W.

With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, the actuator control unit 260 reads the tool cutting feed command 320 to be executed by the machining program execution unit 220 next. The actuator control unit 260 controls the actuator 41 so that the door 21 is positioned at the open / close position corresponding to the tool cutting feed command 320 (S103).

The door 21 closes until the opening area of the opening 16 becomes Sb. As an example, the door 21 closes until the opening degree of the opening 16 becomes 25%.

With reference to FIGS. 6, 7 and 9, the machining program execution unit 220 reads the tool cutting feed instruction 320 and feeds the tool T by cutting (S104). The tool cutting feed command 320 includes a feed rate and coordinates on the path on which the tool T travels. By moving the tool post 66 in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, the tool T moves from the first position described above to the second position where the machining of the work W stops. Machining of the work W is performed while the tool T is in contact with the work W.

With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, the actuator control unit 260 reads the tool fast-forward instruction 330 to be executed by the machining program execution unit 220 next. The actuator control unit 260 controls the actuator 41 so that the door 21 is positioned at the open / close position corresponding to the tool fast-forward command 330 (S105).

The door 21 opens until the opening area of the opening 16 becomes Sc. As an example, the door 21 opens until the opening degree of the opening 16 becomes 75%.

The opening area Sb of the opening 16 in S103 is smaller than the opening area Sa of the opening 16 in S101 (Sb <Sa). The opening area Sb of the opening 16 in S103 is smaller than the opening area Sc of the opening 16 in S105 (Sb <Sc). The opening area Sa of the opening 16 in S101 and the opening area Sc of the opening 16 in S105 may have the same value or different values. The opening area Sb of the opening 16 in S103 may be zero (Sb = 0).

With reference to FIGS. 6, 7 and 10, the machining program execution unit 220 reads the tool fast-forward instruction 330 and fast-forwards the tool T (S106). The tool fast-forward command 310 includes a feed command of the tool T for which the fast-forward speed is determined, and coordinates of the tool T after feeding. By moving the tool post 66 in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, the tool T moves to a third position away from the work W.

The machining program execution unit 220 reads the spindle stop command 340 and stops the rotation of the spindle 61 (S107).

The situation in the machining area 18 changes from moment to moment depending on the content of the instruction of the machining program 400 executed by the machining program execution unit 220. Therefore, in the lathe 10 of the present embodiment, the actuator control unit 260 controls the actuator 41 so that the opening degree of the opening 16 of the cover 12 changes in response to a command of the machining program 400. Thereby, the opening 16 of the cover 12 can be controlled to an appropriate opening degree according to the situation in the processing area 18.

More specifically, while the tool cutting feed command 320 is executed, the timing at which chips are generated due to the machining of the work W by the tool T is included. Therefore, by making the opening degree of the opening 16 relatively small, it is possible to prevent chips from scattering to the outside of the processing area 18 through the opening 16. On the other hand, while the tool fast-forward command 310 and the tool fast-forward command 330 are executed, the tool T and the work W are in a non-contact state, and chips are not generated. Therefore, the opening degree of the opening 16 can be relatively increased without considering the scattering of chips to the outside of the processing area 18. As a result, the visibility in the processing area 18 by the operator can be improved.

Before machining the work, air cutting (empty machining) may be performed to check the movement of the tool. The command to execute this air cut corresponds to the first command to operate the lathe 10 in the non-contact state of the tool and the work, and the command to execute the work machining after the air cut is at least the tool. And, in the contact state of the work, the configuration may correspond to the second command for operating the lathe 10. In this case, by making the opening degree of the opening 16 relatively large at the time of air cutting, it becomes easy to visually confirm the movement of the tool.

The degree of chip generation in the machining area 18 depends on the radius of the work W, the rotation speed of the work W, the feed speed of the tool T with respect to the work W, or the cutting depth of the tool T with respect to the work W. Further, the closer the position of the machining point of the work W by the tool T is to the opening 16, the more easily the chips generated at the machining point are scattered outside the machining area 18 through the opening 16, and the position of the machining point of the work W by the tool T is. The farther from the opening 16, the more difficult it is for chips generated at the machining point to scatter out of the machining area 18 through the opening 16.

In view of the above, in the actuator control unit 260, the opening degree of the opening 16 is the radius of the work W, the rotation speed of the work W, the feed speed of the tool T with respect to the work W, the depth of cut of the tool T with respect to the work W, and The actuator 41 may be controlled so as to change in response to a machining program command that specifies at least one of the machining point positions. With such a configuration, the opening 16 of the cover 12 can be controlled to an appropriate opening degree corresponding to the degree of chip generation in the processing area 18.

FIG. 11 is a front view showing the positional relationship between the opening / closing position of the door and the tool post on the lathe in FIG. With reference to FIG. 11, the actuator control unit 260 closes the opening 16 at least on the side closer to the spindle 61 from the tool post 66 in the Z-axis direction when the door 21 rotates when the work W held by the spindle 61 rotates. As described above, the actuator 41 may be controlled.

The tool post 66 has an end face 66a. The end face 66a extends in a direction intersecting the central axis 52. The end face 66a faces the side opposite to the side facing the main shaft 61 in the axial direction of the central shaft 52.

When the door 21 closes the opening 16 at least on the side closer to the spindle 61 from the tool post 66 in the Z-axis direction, the end portion 21J of the door 21 closes the tool post 66 in the axial direction of the Z-axis (central axis 52). It exists at a position aligned with the end surface 66a of the tool post 66 or at a position farther from the spindle 61 than a position aligned with the end surface 66a of the tool post 66.

According to such a configuration, the machining point of the work W by the tool T can be more reliably covered by the door 21. As a result, the effect of suppressing the chips from scattering to the outside of the processing area 18 through the opening 16 can be more effectively achieved.

Summarizing the control method of the lathe 10 and the lathe 10 in the first embodiment of the present invention described above, the lathe 10 as a machine tool in the present embodiment has an opening 16 and has a machining area 18 of the work. A cover 12 for forming a partition, a door 21 for covering the opening 16, an actuator 41 for opening and closing the door 21, and a control device 200 for controlling the lathe 10 are provided. The control device 200 changes the opening degree of the opening 16 according to the machining program execution unit 220 as the execution unit that executes the machining program of the workpiece and the command of the machining program executed by the machining program execution unit 220. , And an actuator control unit 260 that controls the actuator 41.

The control method of the lathe 10 includes a step of controlling the actuator 41 and a step of executing the machining program so that the opening degree of the opening 16 changes according to a command of the machining program of the work to be executed.

According to the lathe 10 and the lathe 10 control method according to the first embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the opening 16 of the cover 12 is controlled to an appropriate opening degree suitable for the situation in the machining area 18. be able to.

In the present embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to the lathe 10 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is applied to a horizontal machining center, a vertical machining center, a turning function using a fixed tool, and a rotary tool. It may be applied to a multi-tasking machine having the milling function used.

Hereinafter, a specific example when the present invention is applied to a horizontal machining center will be described. FIG. 12 is a front view showing the positional relationship between the opening / closing position of the door in the horizontal machining center and the tool spindle.

With reference to FIG. 12, the horizontal machining center 11 has a door 21, a tool spindle 71, and a table 73. The door 21 is provided so as to be slidable along the horizontal direction (Z-axis direction).

The tool spindle 71 rotates the tool t. The tool spindle 71 is rotatably provided about a central shaft 56 parallel to the Z-axis direction by a motor. The tool spindle 71 is provided with a clamp mechanism (not shown) for holding the tool t detachably. The tool spindle 71 is provided, for example, so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction parallel to the vertical direction and the X-axis direction parallel to the horizontal direction and orthogonal to the Z-axis direction.

The table 73 holds the work w. The table 73 holds the work w at a position deviated from the tool spindle 71 in the Z-axis direction. A keel 74 to which the work w is attached is mounted on the table 73. The table 73 is provided so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. The table 73 is provided so as to be rotatable around a central axis 57 parallel to the vertical direction.

In such a horizontal machining center 11, the degree of chip generation in the machining area 18 is the radius of the tool t, the rotation speed of the tool t, the feed rate of the tool t with respect to the work w, or the depth of cut of the tool t with respect to the work w. Depends on. Further, the closer the position of the machining point of the work w by the tool t is to the opening 16, the more easily the chips generated at the machining point are scattered outside the machining area 18 through the opening 16, and the position of the machining point of the work w by the tool t is. The farther from the opening 16, the more difficult it is for chips generated at the machining point to scatter out of the machining area 18 through the opening 16.

In view of the above, in the actuator control unit 260, the opening degree of the opening 16 is the radius of the tool t, the rotation speed of the tool t, the feed speed of the tool t with respect to the work w, the depth of cut of the tool t with respect to the work w, and The actuator 41 may be controlled so as to change in response to a machining program command that specifies at least one of the machining point positions. With such a configuration, the opening 16 of the cover 12 can be controlled to an appropriate opening degree corresponding to the degree of chip generation in the processing area 18.

The actuator control unit 260 causes the door 21 to close the opening 16 at least in the region close to the table 73 from the end surface 72 of the tool spindle 71 in the Z-axis direction when the tool t held by the tool spindle 71 rotates. In addition, the actuator 41 may be controlled.

When the door 21 closes the opening 16 in a region close to the table 73 from the end surface 72 of the tool spindle 71 at least in the Z-axis direction, the end portion 21J of the door 21 is in the axial direction of the Z-axis (central axis 56). At a position aligned with the end surface 72 of the tool spindle 71, or at a position farther from the table 73 than a position aligned with the end surface 72 of the tool spindle 71.

According to such a configuration, the processing point of the work w by the tool t can be more reliably covered by the door 21. As a result, the effect of suppressing the chips from scattering to the outside of the processing area 18 through the opening 16 can be more effectively achieved.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a machining program executed by the machining program execution unit in the lathe according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The lathe in the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as the lathe 10 in the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the description of the overlapping configuration will not be repeated.

With reference to FIG. 13, in the present embodiment, the machining program 600 executed by the machining program execution unit 220 in FIG. 5 includes a high-pressure coolant on instruction 500, a work rough machining instruction 510, and a high-pressure coolant off instruction. It includes 520, a low pressure coolant on command 530, a work finishing command 540, and a low pressure coolant off command 550. The high-pressure coolant-on command 500, the workpiece roughing command 510, the high-pressure coolant-off command 520, the low-pressure coolant-on command 530, the work finishing machining command 540, and the low-pressure coolant-off command 550 are executed in the order listed here.

The high-pressure coolant-on command 500 discharges the cutting oil into the machining area 18 at a relatively large pressure. The work roughing instruction 510 commands a series of operations for roughing the work. The high pressure coolant off command 520 stops the discharge of cutting oil executed by the high pressure coolant on command 500.

The low pressure coolant on command 530 discharges the cutting oil into the machining area 18 with a relatively small pressure. The work finishing command 540 commands a series of operations for finishing the work. The low pressure coolant off command 550 stops the discharge of cutting oil executed by the low pressure coolant on command 530.

The actuator control unit 260 sets the actuator 41 so that the opening degree of the opening 16 while the high-pressure coolant-on command 500 is executed is smaller than the opening degree of the opening 16 while the low-pressure coolant-on command 530 is executed. Control.

As an example, the actuator control unit 260 controls the actuator 41 so that the opening degree of the opening 16 changes from 25% to 35% when the high-pressure coolant-off command 520 is executed to the low-pressure coolant-on command 530. ..

According to such a configuration, the cutting oil is discharged into the machining area 18 with a large pressure while the high pressure coolant on command 500 is executed. Therefore, by making the opening degree of the opening 16 relatively small, it is possible to prevent the cutting oil from scattering to the outside of the processing area 18 through the opening 16. On the other hand, while the low pressure coolant on command 530 is executed, the cutting oil is discharged into the machining area 18 with a small pressure. In this case, since the cutting oil is unlikely to scatter outside the processing area 18, the opening degree of the opening 16 can be relatively increased. As a result, the visibility in the processing area 18 by the operator can be improved.

According to the lathe according to the second embodiment of the present invention configured in this way, the effect described in the first embodiment can be similarly achieved.

It should be considered that the embodiments disclosed this time are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown by the scope of claims rather than the above description, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.

The present invention is applied to machine tools such as lathes, horizontal machining centers, vertical machining centers or multi-tasking machines.

10 Lathe, 11 Horizontal Machining Center, 12 Cover, 13, 22 Front, 14 Ceiling, 16 Opening, 18 Machining Area, 21 Door, 21J End, 23 Top, 24 Transparent Window, 26 Coupling, 31 Drive Side Pulley, 32 Driven pulley, 36 belt, 41 actuator, 42 rotating shaft, 51, 52, 56, 57, 101, 106 central shaft, 61 spindle, 62 chuck mechanism, 63 spindle motor, 66 tool post, 67 feed motor, 66a, 72 End face, 69 Tool holder, 71 Tool spindle, 73 Table, 74 Ikele, 200 Control device, 210 Machining program storage unit, 220 Machining program execution unit, 230 Spindle control unit, 240 Feed control unit, 260 Actuator control unit, 270 storage , 280 Control Unit, 300 Spindle Rotation Command, 310,330 Tool Fast Forward Command, 320 Tool Cutting Feed Command, 340 Spindle Stop Command, 400,600 Machining Program, 500 High Pressure Coolant On Command, 510 Roughing Command, 520 High Pressure Coolant Off Command, 530 Low pressure coolant on command, 540 Finishing command, 550 Low pressure coolant off command.

A machine tool according to one aspect of the present invention controls a machine tool having an opening, a cover for partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, an actuator for opening and closing the door, and a machine tool. It is equipped with a control device for the purpose. The control device includes an execution unit that executes a machining program of the work, and an actuator control unit that controls an actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program executed by the execution unit. The machine tool further includes a spindle that holds the work and rotates the work around a first axis that extends in the horizontal direction, and a tool post that holds the tool and can move along the axial direction of the first axis. .. The machining program is a first that operates at least one of the spindle and the tool post in a non-contact state of the tool and the workpiece while rotating the spindle after the spindle rotation command and the spindle rotation command for rotating the spindle. And a second command to operate the machine tool, at least in the state of contact between the tool and the workpiece. The actuator control unit controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the second command is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the first command.
A machine tool according to another aspect of the present invention controls a machine tool having an opening, a cover for partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, an actuator for opening and closing the door, and a machine tool. It is equipped with a control device for the purpose. The control device includes an execution unit that executes a machining program of the work, and an actuator control unit that controls an actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program executed by the execution unit. The machine tool further includes a tool spindle that holds the tool and rotates the tool around a second axis that extends in the horizontal direction, and a table that holds the workpiece at a position deviated from the tool spindle in the axial direction of the second axis. Be prepared. The machining program includes a tool spindle rotation command to rotate the tool spindle and, after the tool spindle rotation command, at least one of the tool spindle and the table in a non-contact state of the tool and the workpiece while rotating the tool spindle. It includes a first command to operate and a second command to operate the machine tool, at least in the contact state of the tool and the workpiece. The actuator control unit controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the second command is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the first command.
A machine tool according to yet another aspect of the present invention controls a machine tool having an opening, a cover for partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, an actuator for opening and closing the door, and a machine tool. It is equipped with a control device for the purpose. The control device includes an execution unit that executes a machining program of the work, and an actuator control unit that controls an actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program executed by the execution unit. The machining program includes a third command to move at least one of the tool and the workpiece to a first position where the tool and the workpiece are close to each other, and at least one of the tool and the workpiece from the first position of the workpiece. A fourth command to move the tool and the workpiece to the second position where machining is stopped, and a fifth command to move at least one of the tool and the workpiece from the second position to the third position where the tool and the workpiece are separated from each other. Including. The actuator control unit controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the fourth instruction is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the third instruction and the fifth instruction. To do.
A machine tool according to yet another aspect of the present invention controls a machine tool having an opening, a cover for partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, an actuator for opening and closing the door, and a machine tool. It is equipped with a control device for the purpose. The control device includes an execution unit that executes a machining program of the work, and an actuator control unit that controls an actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program executed by the execution unit. The machining program includes a sixth command to discharge the cutting oil into the machining area at a relatively small pressure and a seventh command to discharge the cutting oil into the machining area at a relatively high pressure. The actuator control unit controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the seventh instruction is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the sixth instruction.
A machine tool according to yet another aspect of the present invention controls a machine tool having an opening, a cover for partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, an actuator for opening and closing the door, and a machine tool. It is equipped with a control device for the purpose. The control device includes an execution unit that executes a machining program of the work, and an actuator control unit that controls an actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program executed by the execution unit. The machine tool further includes a spindle for rotating the work. The actuator control unit is a machining program in which the opening degree of the opening specifies at least one of the radius of the work, the rotation speed of the work, the feed rate of the tool with respect to the work, the depth of cut of the tool with respect to the work, and the position of the machining point. The actuator is controlled so as to change according to the command of.
A machine tool according to yet another aspect of the present invention controls a machine tool having an opening, a cover for partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, an actuator for opening and closing the door, and a machine tool. It is equipped with a control device for the purpose. The control device includes an execution unit that executes a machining program of the work, and an actuator control unit that controls an actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program executed by the execution unit. The machine tool further comprises a tool spindle for rotating the tool. The actuator control unit is a machining program in which the opening degree of the opening specifies at least one of the radius of the tool, the rotation speed of the tool, the feed rate of the tool with respect to the workpiece, the depth of cut of the tool with respect to the workpiece, and the position of the machining point. The actuator is controlled so as to change according to the command of.
A machine tool according to yet another aspect of the present invention controls a machine tool having an opening, a cover for partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, an actuator for opening and closing the door, and a machine tool. It is equipped with a control device for the purpose. The control device includes an execution unit that executes a machining program of the work, and an actuator control unit that controls an actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program executed by the execution unit.

A control method according to one aspect of the present invention is a machine tool control method. The machine tool includes a cover having an opening and partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, and an actuator for opening and closing the door. The control method includes a step of controlling the actuator and a step of executing the machining program so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program of the workpiece to be executed. The machining program includes a third command to move at least one of the tool and the workpiece to a first position where the tool and the workpiece are close to each other, and at least one of the tool and the workpiece from the first position of the workpiece. A fourth command to move the tool and the work to a second position where machining is stopped, and a fifth command to move at least one of the tool and the work from the second position to a third position where the tool and the work are separated from each other. including. The step of controlling the actuator is such that the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the fourth instruction is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the third instruction and the fifth instruction. Includes steps to control.
A control method according to another aspect of the present invention is a machine tool control method. The machine tool includes a cover having an opening and partitioning a machining area of the work, a door for covering the opening, and an actuator for opening and closing the door. The control method includes a step of controlling the actuator and a step of executing the machining program so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of the machining program of the workpiece to be executed.

Claims (9)

It ’s a machine tool,
A cover that has an opening and divides the machining area of the work,
A door to cover the opening and
An actuator that opens and closes the door and
A control device for controlling the machine tool is provided.
The control device is
The execution part that executes the machining program of the work and
A machine tool having an actuator control unit that controls the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of a machining program executed by the execution unit. The processing program is
The first instruction to operate the machine tool in the non-contact state of the tool and the workpiece,
Including a second command to operate the machine tool, at least in contact with the tool and workpiece.
The actuator control unit sets the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the second command is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the first command. The machine tool according to claim 1, which is controlled. The processing program is
A third instruction to move at least one of the tool and workpiece to a first position where the tool and workpiece are close to each other.
A fourth command to move at least one of the tool and the workpiece from the first position to the second position where machining of the workpiece stops.
Includes a fifth command to move at least one of the tool and work from the second position to a third position where the tool and work are separated from each other.
In the actuator control unit, the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the fourth command is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the third command and the fifth command. The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, which controls the actuator as described above. The processing program is
The sixth command to discharge the cutting oil into the machining area with a relatively small pressure, and
Including the seventh command to discharge the cutting oil into the machining area at a relatively large pressure.
The actuator control unit sets the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the seventh command is smaller than the opening degree of the opening during the execution of the sixth command. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3 to be controlled. Further equipped with a spindle to rotate the work,
The actuator control unit specifies at least one of the radius of the work, the rotation speed of the work, the feed speed of the tool with respect to the work, the depth of cut of the tool with respect to the work, and the position of the machining point. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which controls the actuator so as to change according to a command of the machining program. Further equipped with a tool spindle to rotate the tool,
The actuator control unit specifies at least one of the radius of the tool, the rotation speed of the tool, the feed speed of the tool with respect to the work, the depth of cut of the tool with respect to the work, and the position of the machining point. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which controls the actuator so as to change according to a command of the machining program. A spindle that holds the work and rotates the work around the first axis that extends in the horizontal direction,
Further provided with a tool post that holds the tool and is movable along the axial direction of the first axis.
The door is slidable along the axial direction of the first axis.
The actuator control unit closes the opening on the side closer to the spindle from the tool post at least in the axial direction of the first axis when the workpiece held on the spindle rotates. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which controls an actuator. A tool spindle that holds the tool and rotates it around a second axis that extends horizontally,
Further provided with a table for holding the work at a position deviated from the tool spindle in the axial direction of the second axis.
The door is slidable along the axial direction of the second axis.
When the tool held by the tool spindle is rotated, the actuator control unit closes the opening of the door in a region close to the table from the end surface of the tool spindle at least in the axial direction of the second axis. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which controls the actuator so as to do so. It is a control method for machine tools.
The machine tool
A cover that has an opening and divides the machining area of the work,
A door to cover the opening and
It is equipped with an actuator that opens and closes the door.
The control method is
A step of controlling the actuator so that the opening degree of the opening changes according to a command of a machining program of the work to be executed.
A control method comprising a step of executing the machining program.

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