JP2020533634A - An image forming method on a plurality of planes using a varifocal lens and an image forming device that realizes the method. - Google Patents

Abstract

In the image forming method using the multi-plane variable focus lens of the present invention, a plurality of light rays emitted from an arbitrary light source are directed to the observation object 1 that reflects or transmits a part of the plurality of light rays, and at least one divergence is emitted. A part of the observation object 1 is reflected or a part of the observation object 1 is reflected on an optical path in which a type or convergence type AGRIN lens 6'and at least one classical or AGRIN type convergence lens are arranged. Light that is transmitted passes through the AGRIN lens 6'and is reflected by the rest of the observation object 1 or is transmitted through the rest of the observation object 1 and does not pass through the AGRIN lens 6', but is uniform. All light rays that have passed through the AGRIN plate 5 in the region of the refractive index distribution ∇n and previously transmitted or transmitted through at least one classical convergent lens or AGRIN type convergent lens pass through the AGRIN plate 5. [Selection diagram] Fig. 2

Description

An object of the present invention is a method of forming an image on a plurality of planes by using a varifocal lens, and an image forming apparatus that realizes this method, and has a possibility of being used in the optical industry.

As the need for new techniques increases, many different solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations of the fixed focal length f of classical lenses. One of them is the artificial elastic eye discussed in US Patent Publication No. 20070244561 (Patent Document 1), which is a publication of NuLens (registered trademark) intraocular lens of NuLens Ltd (New Lens Limited) in Herzliya, Israel. It is an intraocular lens.

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/244561 Polish Patent Invention No. 1979 1979

Chen J., Wang W., Fang J., Varahramyan K. "Variable-focusing microlens with microfluidic chip" J. Micromech icroeng. 14 (2004) 675-680 Agarwal M., Gunasekaran R.A., Coane P., Varahramyan K. "Polymer-based variable focal length microlens system" J. Micromech. Microeng. 14 (2004) 1665-1673 Zhang D.-Y., Lien V, Berdichevsky Y., Choi J., Lo Y.-H. "Fluidic adaptive lens with high focal length tenability" Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) 3171-3172 Won S., Lee L.P. "Focal Length Control by Microfabricated Planar Electrodes-based Liquid Lens (μPELL)" Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Solid State Sens. Act. Trans. 1342 (2001) 1348- 1351 Berge B. "Liquid lens technology: principle of electrowetting based lenses and applications to imaging" Proc. 18th IEEE Int. Conf. Mic. Elec. Mech. Syst. 2005, 227-230 Cheng C.C., Chang C.A., Yeh J.A. "Variable focus dielectric liquid droplet lens" Opt. Express 14 (2006) 4101-4106 Angelini, A., Pirani, R, Frascella, F., Ricciardi, S., Descrovi, E. "Light-driven liquid microlens" Proc. Of SPIE 10106, 1010610 (2017) Kielich S. "Molecular nonlinear optics" PWN, Warszawa-Poznan, 1977 Angelini, A., Pirani, F., Frascella, F., Ricciardi, S., Descrovi, E. "Light-driven liquid microlens" Proc. Of SPIE 10106, 1010610 (2017)

The shape of the lens changes with the pressure of the muscles of the human eye. Another is a variable focal length polymer lens that operates on the deformation of the elastic refracting surface of the lens a) Chen J., Wang W., Fang J., Varahramyan K. “Variable-focusing microlens with” microfluidic chip ”J. Micromech Microeng. 14 (2004) 675-680 (Non-Patent Document 1), b) Agarwal M., Gunasekaran RA, Coane P., Varahramyan K.“ Polymer-based variable focal length microlens system ”J. Micromech. Microeng. 14 (2004) 1665-1673. (Non-Patent Document 2), c) Zhang D.-Y., Lien V., Berdichevsky Y., Choi J., Lo Y.-H. “Fluidic adaptive lens” with high focal length tenability ”Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) As shown in 3171-3172 (Non-Patent Document 3), the elastic refraction surface of the lens due to the closing of the lens surface and the change of liquid pressure. A variable focal length polymer lens that operates based on deformation or that operates based on mechanical deformation of the polymer surface of the lens as described in Polish Patent 191979B1 (Patent Document 2).

An electrostatic-based liquid focal length lens has also been developed, which is Kwon S., Lee LP “Focal Length Control by Microfabricated Planar Electrodes-based Liquid Lens (μPELL)” Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Solid State. Sens. Act. Trans. 1342 (2001) 1348-1351 (Non-Patent Document 4), Berge B. “Liquid lens technology: principle of electrowetting based lenses and applications to imaging” Proc. 18th IEEE Int. Conf. Mic. Elec. Mech. Syst. 2005, 227-230 (Non-Patent Document 5), Cheng CC, Chang CA, Yeh JA “Variable focus static liquid droplet lens” Opt. Express 14 (2006) 4101-4106 (Non-Patent Document 6) The shape is changed by applying an appropriate voltage between the two electrodes.

All of the above techniques are based on changes in the shape of the lens, leading to changes in the focal length of the lens. Therefore, the ability of these lenses to focus is due to their shape, which alters the optical path of light. The ability to focus or disperse light in addition to optical elements that have a surface that refracts light rays is exerted by a medium shaped, such as the shape of a cube, resulting in a well-formed index of refraction ∇n. This type of ∇n distribution optical element is called a GRIN (gradient refractive index) element and is manufactured as a lens or an optical fiber. However, the gradient optics currently available have a ∇n distribution already established during manufacturing. Therefore, those gradient optics cannot provide variable focal lengths. All the optical properties of the gradient optics are fixedly set, similar to classic lenses made of glass or polymer, but the ∇n distribution is temporarily manufactured with an optically uniform and homogeneous material. This goal can be achieved with at least three materials.

(1) The first material is a material having thermo-optical characteristics. The absorption of the laser beam heats the material locally. Non-uniformity of the laser beam intensity to the cross section means that the laser beam intensity decreases with the penetration of light into the material, and the exchange of overlapping heat between regions of the material at different temperatures is inconvenient for thermooptical materials. A uniform temperature distribution is formed, and this non-uniform distribution causes a non-uniform distribution of the ∇n refractive index. This phenomenon is called thermal focusing, and the lens formed by this method is called a thermal lens.

(2) The second material is a photorefractive material in which the laser beam may create a ∇n refractive index distribution. The laser beam causes the photorefractive material to undergo a permanent or temporary change in charge distribution, resulting in the generation of a local electric field that alters the index of refraction of the material due to the electro-optic effect, thereby forming a ∇n distribution.

(3) The third material is a polymer photosensitive material in which a laser beam may generate a refractive index distribution, and Angelini, A., Pirani, F., Frascella, F., Ricciardi, S., Descrovi. , E. “Light-driven liquid microlens” Proc. Of SPIE 10106, 1010610 (2017) (Non-Patent Document 7). This material is composed of polymer molecules suspended in a liquid, and its three-dimensional structure changes due to photon absorption of a laser beam. Changes in the three-dimensional structure lead to changes in density, which results in a distribution of index of refraction ∇n. In general, laser beams can cause the generation of electrostrain, Kerr optical effects, or electrothermal effects leading to a ∇n distribution, which is Kielich S. “Molecular nonlinear optics” PWN, Warszawa-Poznan, 1977 It is discussed in (Non-Patent Document 8).

Current state-of-the-art technology shows that the first to third materials (materials (1) and (3)) are more suitable for making lenses guided by a laser beam. In each case where the ∇n distribution created by a laser beam gives light a phase delay similar to the phase delay of a classical lens, the optical element in which such a ∇n distribution exists is called the lens, and such a lens. The material capable of producing the above is hereinafter referred to as an AGRIN material (active GRIN), and a lens made of such a material by irradiation with a laser beam is hereinafter referred to as an "AGRIN lens".

The AGRIN lens can be made of a laser beam propagating in a direction parallel to or across the optical axis of the optical system in which the AGRIN lens is a subassembly. In the first material, the AGRIN lens can have axisymmetry with respect to the optical axis of the system in which the lens is a subassembly. In the second material, the AGRIN lens does not exhibit such symmetry and can function as a cylindrical lens in the subassembly optical system.

Previous studies on the applicability of AGRIN lenses in image formation have been for the optical axis of systems in which the lens is a subassembly. In all such studies, the cross section of the optical axis of the system measured for the AGRIN element used and the cross section of the laser beam forming the AGRIN lens of this material are from the aperture of the entire optical system, including the AGRIN lens itself. It had a large diameter.

FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the optical system shown in Non-Patent Document 7. The one shown in the figure is a microscope provided with a lens 2 that creates an image of an observation object 1 at infinity. In the absence of the AGRIN lens 6, the image is transformed by the eyepiece 3 into an image 4 formed on the image plane at a finite distance from the image plane of the main eyepiece. For the sake of clarity in the description of FIG. 1, aberrations of the optical system are not included.

Similarly, the path of the rays shown in FIG. 1 need not coincide with the path formed by the shape of the lens shown schematically, but for presentational purposes only. Due to the presence of the AGRIN material in the form of the AGRIN plate 5 on which the AGRIN disperser 6 is formed, it has a cross section that is clearly larger than the opening of the system and is the same as the image plane on which the image 4 is formed without the presence of the AGRIN lens 6. A 4'image is created on the image plane. Here, the image 4'corresponds to an object 1'in an object plane different from the object 1.

The AGRIN lens 6 is coaxial with the lens and eyepiece and corrects the direction of all light rays passing through the optical system of the microscope. This means that the presence of the AGRIN lens changes the object plane of the microscope.

The following technical effects have been obtained by using the solution according to the present invention.

A clear image of two (or more) objects in two (or more) different object planes can be obtained on the same imaging plane of the optical system with the solution. The distances that separate these object planes, measured in the direction of the optical axis of the optics, exceed the distance corresponding to the maximum depth of field of the optics provided by the solution, while these objects overlap each other. must not.

As an integral part of the solution, the focal length of the AGRIN lens (s) can be adjusted automatically, one to automatically obtain a clear image of two (or more) objects. One (or more) lenses and the same moving AGRIN lens (s) can be automatically repositioned while observing a clear image of (or more) stationary objects. .. Here, the movable and immovable objects are distanced from each other beyond the distance corresponding to the maximum depth of field of the optical system with the solution, and the different planes of the optical system of the object with the solution. While they may be, these items cannot overlap each other.

The light of a single laser beam can be focused on one or more different points in the image space of the optical elements that make up the solution. Here, the positions of these points can be continuously changed in both the direction of the axis of the optical element forming the solution and one direction perpendicular to the optical axis.

The ability to focus the light of multiple laser beams at various points in the image space of the optics that make up the solution. Here, the positions of these points can be continuously changed in the direction of the optical axis of the optical element.

The essence of the present invention is an image forming method using a multi-plane variable focus lens, and the feature thereof is.
Light coming from any light source is either reflected by a portion of the observation object or transmitted through that portion so that it passes through the AGRIN lens and is reflected by the rest of the observation object. The light rays that pass through this part are directed toward the observation object that reflects or passes at least part of these rays so that they pass through the AGRIN plate in a region of uniform ∇n refractive index that does not pass through the AGRIN lens. Be,
At least one divergent or convergent AGRIN and at least one classical or AGRIN type focal lens are arranged, and all the rays transmitted through the AGRIN plate previously transmitted through at least one classical or AGRIN type focal lens. It is characterized by being transparent or transparent, resulting in the following results.

That is, the light rays from the observation object passing through the AGRIN lens form a clear image of a part of the observation object at different image distances measured from the second plane of the main AGRIN lens.
The rays from the observation object do not make the AGRIN lens opaque, forming a clear image of the fragment of the observation object at the same image distance measured from the second plane of the main AGRIN lens.
Then, an image of a second object located on a plane different from the observed object appears.
All of the light rays that pass through the optical system used for imaging pass through the AGRIN lens and then participate in creating a clear image of the observation object on one imaging plane, which is the observation object. It is on the same plane as the surface on which some clear images of
After placing the next AGRIN lens on the AGRIN plate at a properly selected focal length, it is reflected by another piece of observation object that passes through the optical system used for imaging and through the AGRIN lens. All of the light rays that pass through the fragment form an image of this part of the observed object at the same image distance as where the image of the object and part of the object are made, measured from the second plane of the AGRIN lens. It is to be.

It is advantageous to use an AGRIN divergent lens when the observation object is at a longer observation distance than the observation object. Further, it is preferable to use an AGRIN focal lens when the observation object is at a shorter observation distance than the observation object.

In addition, before passing through the AGRIN plate on which the AGRIN lens is formed, light rays reflected or passing from the observation object pass through additional optical elements that perform the function of at least one classical lens or AGRIN focal lens. It is preferable to do so.

It is preferred that light rays passing through the AGRIN plate on which the AGRIN lens is formed further pass through additional optical elements that perform the function of at least one classical lens or AGRIN focal lens.

In addition, light rays reflected or passed from the observation object prior to passing through the AGRIN plate on which the AGRIN lens is formed further pass through subsequent optical elements that perform the function of at least one classical lens or AGRIN focal lens. It is preferable that the light beam passing through the AGRIN plate on which the AGRIN lens is made passes through the subsequent optical element that performs the function of at least one classical lens or AGRIN focal lens after passing through the AGRIN plate. ..

A laser light source, two holders that slide in vertical directions, an optical element that transmits light that forms an image over a wide spectral range and reflects the laser light, an AGRIN plate, a laser opaque filter, and fixed A device for creating images of a plurality of cross sections using a varifocal lens, including a housing for holding a plurality of parts at mutual distances, and characterized by the following.

A fiber optical collimeter in which a laser light source is connected to an external laser, the fiber optical collimeter is provided in a sliding holder that acts in two directions perpendicular to the direction of the laser beam coming out of the laser light source. , The fiber optical collimator is preferably fixed to a sliding holder by using a clamp.

The optical element is preferably located in the housing so as to transmit the light beam on which the image is formed and reflect the laser beam.

The AGRIN plate is preferably provided in the housing so that the laser beam hits the AGRIN plate at a right angle.

Behind the AGRIN plate, there is preferably a filter in the housing that absorbs the light of the laser beam that passes through the optical element.

The laser light source is preferably a diode laser.

An optical fiber collimeter with an additional laser source located in the housing and connected to an external laser, which is also advantageous when attached to a slide handle and operating in two directions perpendicular to the direction of the laser beam, slides with a clamp The laser light source attached to the handle and the optical element attached to the housing transmit the laser beam, reflect the laser beam, guide both rays parallel to the optical element, and direct both rays to some of the optical elements. Anything directed at right angles by the optical element to the light beam is absorbed by the housing element.

The laser light source is preferably a diode laser.

It is preferable that the optical element is a dichroic mirror or a polarizing cube.

The present invention is presented in an exemplary but non-limiting embodiment of the drawings represented in the accompanying drawings with the following contents.

It is a figure which shows the simplification outline of the optical system shown in Non-Patent Document 7. It is a figure which shows the optical system with the use of a single AGRIN lens. It is a figure which shows the modification of this invention with the use of two AGRIN lenses. It is a figure which shows roughly the method of making the AGRIN6'lens on the AGRIN5 plate. It is a figure which shows one solution which involves the use of the laser beam of 1. It is a figure which shows one solution which uses a small laser as a laser beam source of 2. It is a photograph of an example of the result image.

FIG. 2 schematically shows an optical system with a single AGRIN lens. This system consists of three functional components of the entire set of optics that form the imaging system. These are the optical elements that form the subset 2, the AGRIN plate 5, and the optical element subset 3. If it is assumed that the eyepiece or camera is not part of the subassembly 3, for general imaging, only the AGRIN plate 5 or a subset of the AGRIN plate 5 and two optical elements, or the AGRIN 5 plate and 3 A subset of one optical element, or all three components as shown in FIG. 2 may be used.

FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic of a microscope, which includes an AGRIN lens 6'and a subset 2 of optical elements that act as lenses, while a subset of optical elements 3 serves as an eyepiece. For simplicity, both subsets are depicted as a single lens. In the AGRIN plate 5, a region having a non-uniform refractive index distribution ∇n is generated with the help of a laser beam (not shown) and serves as an AGRIN lens 6'with an appropriately selected focal length.

The AGRIN lens 6'is different from the AGRIN lens 6 having an arbitrary cross-sectional diameter. For the AGRIN lens 6', this diameter is clearly smaller than the aperture of the optical system (eg, microscope) in which the AGRIN lens is a subassembly. In FIG. 2, the AGRIN lens 6'is coaxial with the optical axis of the lens 2 and the eyepiece 3, that is, on the optical axis of the system, but is not limited to such a form. In general, it may be created by a laser beam in the non-axis region. FIG. 2 schematically shows the effect of the AGRIN lens 6'. FIG. 2 does not consider the aberration of the optical system. Similarly, the path of the rays shown in FIG. 2 must coincide with the path imposed by the shape of the lens outlined, but for explanatory purposes only.

Two image objects are shown in FIG. There are two types of rays emitted from the object 1, an aperture ray and a field ray. The aperture ray passes through the AGRIN lens 6'. The hemirays pass through the AGRIN plate 5, but in the region where the ∇n refractive index shown in FIG. 2 is uniformly distributed, an exemplary arrangement of the AGRIN 6'dispersion lens is shown. This happens when the non-uniform distribution of the ∇n index of refraction corresponds to the minimum value of the n refractive index on the axis of the AGRIN lens and the maximum value at its edge. The aperture ray of the object 1 is effectively deflected from the optical axis of the AGRIN lens. As a result, an image 4 ″ of the axial point of the object 1 is created at a distance from the second plane of the main AGRIN6 ′ lens, which is longer than when the AGRIN6 ′ lens does not exist. The hemiray rays of the object 1 do not cause any additional deflection and form the image 4 of the object 1 at a distance from the second plane of the main AGRIN lens 6', which is smaller than in the presence of the AGRIN lens 6'. The object 1'is at a position where the distance from the first plane to the main AGRIN lens 6'is longer than that of the item 1.

In reality, the lens creates an image of the object V at a finite image distance. However, the object 1'is small enough for both aperture and semi-rays leaving the object 1'to pass through the AGRIN lens 6'. The AGRIN lens modifies the aperture and ray rays of object 1'so that the image of object 1'is recreated at infinity. As a result, the eyepiece creates an image 4'of the object 1'on the same image plane of the eyepiece. It is possible to observe a part of the clear image 4 of the object 1 and all the images 4'of the object 1'at the same time.

FIG. 3 shows a modification of the present invention using two AGRIN lenses 6 ″ and 6 ″. In the AGRIN plate 5, an additional AGRIN lens 6 ″ with an appropriate focal length is generated by the additional laser beam. The beam of light rays in the field exiting the portion of the additional observation object 1'' that passes through the AGRIN 6'' lens is the second plane of the AGRIN 6'main lens on which the image of the observation object 1'and the partial image of the observation object 1 are formed. It is formed to form a 4'''image at the same distance from. As a result, images of three observation objects on different planes are created on the same observation surface.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a method of forming an AGRIN lens 6'on the AGRIN plate 5. The rays of the imaged objects 1 and 1'create the imaged ray 7. The arrows in this ray diagram indicate the direction of propagation from the object to the image. The laser beam 8 of wavelength λlaser selected for the AGRIN material of AGRIN 5 is guided by a shift system 10 that acts in any way towards the optical element 9 that transmits the beam 7 and then reflects the laser beam 8. In the figure, the laser beam has an arrow indicating the propagation direction of the laser beam.

The optical element 9 may be, for example, a dichroic mirror, a polarizing cube, or any other optical element that satisfies the above conditions of the reflected light 8 and the transmitted light 7. Reflected from element 9, the laser beam travels parallel to the optical axis of the system 14 and hits the AGRIN plate 5 made of AGRIN material, where it forms the AGRIN lens 6'. There is a filter 12 behind the AGRIN plate 5, the filter 12 does not transmit the light of the wavelength λlaser of the laser beam 8, a part of the λlaser can pass through the AGRIN plate 5, and the filter 12 is the laser beam 8. Transmits different lengths of light.

The range of intensity of the laser beam 8 and the optical characteristics of the AGRIN plate 5 (for example, the transmission coefficient of the wavelength of the λlaser) are selected so that the light of the laser beam does not pass through the AGRIN plate 5 for any intensity of the laser beam 8. If so, the presence of the filter 12 is not required. In FIG. 4, the illustrated example of the AGRIN lens 6'is a divergent type, which creates a part 13 of the light rays imaged by the system, and diverges more light rays 7 entering the AGRIN plate 5 through the AGRIN 6'lens. Or less convergence.

Proper selection of the wavelength λlaser of the laser beam 8 to the AGRIN material of the AGRIN plate 5 means that the laser beam is absorbed by the AGRIN material, resulting in a ∇n refractive index distribution inside the AGRIN material, according to the mechanism described above. means.

The present invention is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 in an exemplary embodiment, in which FIG. 5 uses a single laser beam 8 delivered to the system with the aid of fiber optics 20 and fiber optic collimators 17. Show a plan. The optical fiber collimator 17 is attached to a slide handle 18 that operates in two directions perpendicular to the traveling direction of the laser beam 8 leaving the optical fiber collimator 17.

FIG. 5 shows the possibility of moving the collimator 17 in only one direction parallel to the optical axis of the system 14, and may be displaceable by, for example, a handheld micrometer screw 21 or an electric electronically controlled screw. The optical fiber collimator 17 is fixed to the slide handle 18 by a clamp 19. The light of the laser beam 8 emitted by the optical fiber collimator 18 is directed in the direction of the optical element 9, passes through the beam of the image 7, and reflects the laser beam 8 on, for example, a die clock mirror. Next, the laser beam hits the AGRIN plate 5.

Behind the AGRIN plate 5, the remaining light from the laser beam 8 is absorbed by the filter 12. The optical element 9, the AGRIN plate 5, and the filter 12 are fixed to the optical system housing 22. Optical system housings 22, 22'and 22'' as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 may be integral parts of the larger optical system housing as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The housing of the optical system shown is an element that allows the connection of these systems to other optical systems and may be finished with the aid of, for example, threads 15 and 16. For example, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, the screw-shaped portion 15 connects the optical system shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 to the optical element 2, and the screw-shaped portion 16 connects the optical system shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 to the optical element 3. It connects to.

FIG. 6 shows a solution using two laser beams capable of forming two separate lenses AGRIN 6 ′ and AGRIN 6 ″ on the AGRIN plate 5. FIG. 6 shows a solution using small 23 and 23 ″ lasers, such as diodes, as the light sources for the two laser beams 8 and 8 ″. For illustration purposes, they are shown offset relative to the slide handles 18 and 18 ″ to which the lasers 23 and 23 ″ are mounted.

The lasers 23 and 23 ″ are moved by the screws 21 and 21 ″. The light emitted by the lasers 23 and 23'' transmits the laser beam incident on the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the system 14, and reflects the laser beam at right angles to the direction parallel to the optical axis of the optical system 14. Aimed at element 24. The role of such an element may be played as a polarization split cube. Assuming that both laser beams are polarized in the correct way, the cube is capable of directing the laser beams 23 and 23 ″ to the optics 9 in a yield of approximately 100%.

Other elements of the system shown in FIG. 6 play the same role as the corresponding elements of FIG. These differ in the presence of the housing portion 22, as highlighted in FIG. If the element 24 directs some of the light from the laser beams 23 and 23'' to the housing 22', for example if its role is played by a normal light splitting cube, the housing 22' will absorb the light and the resulting heat. Is returned to the environment, for example using a radiator.

FIG. 7 shows three photographs from a prepared publication showing the final effect of the operation of a local laser induced lens. On the left is a microscope scale image with a base scale spacing of 50 μm, below which is a sample of a pumpkin stalk cross section with the focus of the microscope lens set to scale. On the right, the same image is displayed, with the focus set on the cross section of the pumpkin stalk. In the center, a pair of the same sample is displayed, leading to the area of the circle marked with the active lens. The presence of the inductive lens focuses the image of the cross section of the pumpkin stalk in one area of the inductive lens and the scale in the remaining image area.

Claims (12)

A plurality of rays emitted from an arbitrary light source are directed at an observation object 1 that reflects or transmits a part of the plurality of rays, and at least one divergent or convergent AGRIN lens 6'and a classical or AGRIN type. On the optical path where at least one condensing lens of
A light beam that is reflected by a part of the observation object 1 or is transmitted through a part of the observation object 1 is transmitted through the AGRIN lens 6'.
Light rays that are reflected by the rest of the observation object 1 or that pass through the rest of the observation object 1 do not pass through the AGRIN lens 6', but the AGRIN plate 5 in the region of uniform refractive index distribution ∇n. Pass through
All of the light rays previously transmitted or transmitted through at least one classical convergent lens or AGRIN type convergent lens are transmitted through the AGRIN plate 5.
as a result,
The light rays from the observation object 1 that have passed through the AGRIN lens 6'form a clear image 4'' of the observation object 1 at a different image distance from the second plane of the main AGRIN lens 6'.
The light rays from the observation object 1 do not make the AGRIN lens 6'opaque,
The light beam from the observation object 1 forms a clear image of the fragment of the observation object at the same image distance from the second plane of the main AGRIN lens 6', where the image 4'of the second observation object 1'is described. Appears on a different plane than the observation object 1',
All the light rays that pass through the optical system used for imaging pass through the AGRIN lens 6'and are one image that is the same plane as the plane on which a clear image 4 of a part of the observation object 1 is formed. Used to form a clear image 4'of the observed object 1'on a flat surface.
After the next AGRIN lens 6'' is placed on the AGRIN plate 5 with a properly selected focal length, all light rays reflected or transmitted by one part of another observation object 1'''. Is to form an image of this part of the observed object 1'''at the same image distance measured from the second plane of the main AGRIN lens 6'where the image of the object and the image of the fragment of the object 1 are made. An image forming method using a multi-plane variable focus lens. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein a divergent AGRIN lens 6'is used when the observed object 1'is located at a longer distance than the observed object 1. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein a convergent AGRIN lens 6'is used when the observation object 1'is located at a shorter distance than the observation object 1. Before passing through the AGRIN plate 5 on which the AGRIN lens 6'is formed, the light rays reflected by the observation object 1 and the observation object 1'or the light rays that pass through the observation object 1 and the observation object 1'are at least classical. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the image forming method further passes through an optical element 2 that acts as a converging lens or an AGRIN converging lens. A light beam transmitted through an AGRIN plate 5 on which the AGRIN lens 6'is formed additionally transmits an subsequent optical element 3 that acts as at least one classical convergent lens or AGRIN convergent lens. The image forming method according to claim 1. Light rays that are reflected by the observation object 1 and the observation object 1'or are transmitted through the observation object 1 and the observation object 1'are at least one classical focusing lens before passing through the AGRIN plate 5. Alternatively, while additionally transmitting the optical element 2 that acts as an AGRIN focusing lens,
The light beam that passes through the AGRIN plate 5 on which the AGRIN lens 6'is formed passes through the AGRIN plate 5 and then further transmits an optical element 3 that acts as at least one classical condensing lens or AGRIN condensing lens. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the image is formed. A laser light source, two holders that slide in orthogonal directions, an optical element that transmits imaging light over a wide spectral range and reflects the laser light, an AGRIN plate, and a laser-transmissible filter are mutually fixed. In a device that creates an image on multiple planes, using a varifocal lens, with a housing that holds the parts at a distance.
The laser light source is a fiber optical collimator 17 connected to an external laser, and the fiber optical collimeter 17 is a sliding holder 18 operated in two directions orthogonal to the direction of the laser beam 8 emitted from the laser light source. It is provided in
The laser light source is fixed to the sliding holder 18 by a clamp 19.
The optical element 9 is located in the housing 22 so as to transmit the light beam 7 on which the optical element 9 is imaged and reflect the laser beam 8.
The AGRIN plate 5 is provided in the housing 22 so that the laser beam 8 reaches the housing 22 at right angles, and behind the AGRIN plate 5, the laser beam 8 that has passed through the optical element 9 in the housing 22. An image forming apparatus on a plurality of planes, characterized in that a filter 12 for absorbing light is arranged. The image forming apparatus on a plurality of planes according to claim 7, wherein the laser light source is a diode laser 23. An additional light source, which is a fiber optical collimator 17'' connected to an external laser, is provided in the housing 22, and the fiber optical collimator'' is operated in two directions orthogonal to the direction of the laser beam 8''. The laser beam 8'' provided on the sliding handle 18'' is emitted from a light source attached to the sliding handle 18'' using a clamp 19''.
The optical elements 24 provided in the housings 22'and 22'transmit the laser beam 8 and reflect the laser beam 8', and the laser beam 8 and the laser beam 8'are parallel to the optical element 9. The image formation on a plurality of planes according to claim 7, wherein a part of the light guided at right angles by the optical element 24 is guided toward the optical element 9 and absorbed by the housing element 22'. apparatus. The image forming apparatus on a plurality of planes according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the laser light source is a diode laser 23 ″. The image forming apparatus on a plurality of planes according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the optical element 9 is a dichroic mirror. The image forming apparatus on a plurality of planes according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the optical element 9 is a polarized cube.