JP2020525692A - 地下地熱貯留層から水素を生産する方法 - Google Patents
地下地熱貯留層から水素を生産する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 or both Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000997 Graphane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002668 Pd-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001991 steam methane reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004557 technical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000476 thermogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/08—Screens or liners
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/295—Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
- E21B43/38—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well in the well
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/20—Geothermal collectors using underground water as working fluid; using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
貯留層は、ガス化及び水−ガス移行反応が貯留層内で起こるのに十分な周囲自然温度を有す場合があり得る。代わりに、貯留層は、限定されないが、注入を介しての発熱反応、電磁放射、ホトン若しくは音響刺激、スチーム注入、核反応、電気抵抗、又はマグマ移動を含めて、他の手段により加熱されてもよい。
貯留層が十分な温度である場合、ガス化及び水−ガス移行反応は、水素の連続発生とともに起こる。ガス構成成分は、貯留層内に集まる。
水素は、生産井内で水素専用メンブレンを通して貯留層から生産される。このようにして、硫化水素、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、スチーム、及び他のガス構成成分は、貯留層内に残存する。水素は貯留層から除去されるので、これにより、反応は促進されて、より多くの水素を発生する。
・「含む(comprise)」、「含むこと(comprising)」、などは、排他的又は網羅的な意味とは対照的に、包含的な意味で;すなわち、「包含するが、限定されない」の意味で解釈されるべきである。
Claims (32)
- 水素を回収するために貯留層を処理する方法であって、
十分に高温の貯留層中に掘削して、前記貯留層内のガス化又は水に生じる水−ガス移行反応の少なくとも1つを容易化することと;
前記貯留層内の坑井及び、前記坑井と少なくとも1種の水素又はプロトン透過性メンブレンとを介して前記貯留層から生産ガス又はプロトンフローを生産する少なくとも1種の水素又はプロトン透過性メンブレンを提供することとを含み、前記少なくとも1種の水素又はプロトン透過性メンブレンは、前記貯留層から前記生産ストリームへの水素又はプロトンの通過を許容し、及び前記生産ストリームからの水素又はプロトン以外のガス生産品をフィルタにかけるように適合されている、方法。 - 酸素が、酸化反応によって前記貯留層内で捕捉されてもよい、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記坑井に少なくとも近い前記貯留層が、自然に十分な温度であっても、発熱反応、熱核プロセス若しくは崩壊、ホトン若しくは音響刺激、高温材料注入、電磁放射、又は電気抵抗を介して十分な温度に誘導されてもよい、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の水素又はプロトン透過性メンブレンが、パラジウム(Pd)、バナジウム(V)、タンタル(Ta)、ニオブ(Nb)、白金(Pt)、若しくはグラフェン、又はスルホン化テトラフルオロエチレンベースフルオロポリマー−コポリマーベース材料の少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の水素−透過性メンブレンが、パラジウム銅合金若しくはスルホン化テトラフルオロエチレンベースフルオロポリマー−コポリマー又は全ての組合せを含む、請求項1又は4に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の水素−透過性メンブレンが、セラミック層及び/又は透過性若しくは非透過性構造金属若しくは金属合金層及び/又はポリマーメンブレンを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の水素−透過性メンブレンの少なくとも一部が、前記貯留層の内に又は隣接してある前記坑井の少なくとも一部に位置付けられる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の水素−透過性メンブレンが、前記生産井の下方に位置付けられる、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 多孔質材料が、前記坑井の内又は下流の前記少なくとも1種の水素−透過性メンブレンの内、後、又は前に位置付けられる、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記生産ガスストリームの大部分が、水素からなる、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 地熱貯留層からの水素回収のためのシステムであって、必要に応じて前記貯留層をさらに加熱するための装置;前記貯留層から流体を生産するように位置付けられた坑井;前記貯留層から前記生産ストリームへの水素の通過を許容し及び前記生産ストリームからの水素以外の生産品をフィルタにかけるように適合された水素又はプロトン透過性メンブレンを含む、システム。
- 必要に応じて前記貯留層の加熱を開始するための装置が、発熱反応のための化学薬品の注入、電磁石、無線周波数アンテナ、又は高温材料注入機の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記生産水素が、燃料電気化学電池デバイスで消費されるか、又は化学薬品を水素化するために使用されるか、又は電力発生のためにスチームを発生させるか、若しくは熱伝達用途のためにスチームを発生させるために燃焼される、請求項11又は12に記載のシステム。
- 水素又はプロトンからなる物質を、前記物質を含有する地表下貯留層から回収するための方法であって、
前記貯留層の範囲内に生産井を提供するステップと;
前記生産井に少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンであって、前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンが、それを通して前記物質の通過を許容する一方で、他の貯留層内容物の通過を防止するように構成されている、少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンを提供するステップと;
前記物質が前記生産井の中に入るようにさせるステップと;
前記物質が前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンを通過するようにさせるステップと;
前記物質を地表に生産するステップと
を含む、方法。 - 地表に前記物質を生産する前記ステップが、前記物質が前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンを通過するようにさせる前記ステップの後にある、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記物質が前記生産井の中に入るようにさせる前記ステップが、前記物質が前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンを通過するようにさせる前記ステップの後にある、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記物質が、水素である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンが、水素−透過性メンブレンである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記物質が、プロトンである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンが、プロトン透過性メンブレンである、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記生産井が、生産坑井を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記物質が前記生産井の中に入るようにさせる前記ステップが、前記物質が前記生産坑井の中に入るようにさせることを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記生産坑井が、前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンで覆われている、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンが、パラジウム、バナジウム、タンタル、ニオブ、白金、グラフェム、スルホン化テトラフルオロエチレンベースフルオロポリマー−コポリマー、及びそれらの任意の組合せからなる群から選択される材料を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンが、パラジウム合金、銅合金、スルホン化テトラフルオロエチレンベースフルオロポリマー−コポリマー、及びそれらの任意の組合せからなる群から選択される材料を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンが、セラミック層、透過性構造金属、非透過性構造金属、金属合金層、ポリマーメンブレン、及びそれらの任意の組合せからなる群から選択される構成要素を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンの少なくとも一部が、前記貯留層の内に又は隣接してある前記坑井の少なくとも一部に位置付けられる、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンが、前記坑井のアップホール部分で位置付けられる、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記坑井内の、又は前記坑井のアップホール部分でどこかに位置付けられた前記少なくとも1種の透過性メンブレンの内、後、又は前に位置付けられた多孔質材料を提供するステップをさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記貯留層内の物質の形成を引き起こす温度に前記貯留層を加熱するステップをさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記貯留層を加熱する前記ステップが、発熱反応を引き起こす化学薬品の注入、電磁石の利用、無線周波数アンテナの利用、高温材料注入機の利用、及びそれらの任意の組合せからなる群から選択されるステップを含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記生産水素が、燃料電気化学電池デバイスで消費され、水素化反応のために使用され、電力発生のためにスチームを発生させるために燃料され、又は熱伝達用途のためにスチームを発生させるために燃焼される、請求項17に記載の方法。
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