JP2020514747A - Kras陽性癌の診断法及び治療法 - Google Patents
Kras陽性癌の診断法及び治療法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
原発性がんまたは転移性がんの増殖の診断方法及び治療または低減方法が提供され、がんとして具体的には、KRAS駆動型上皮癌、例えば肺腺癌、結腸直腸癌など、特に肺腺癌が挙げられる。
以下の実施例は、当業者に、本発明をいかに実行及び利用するかについての完全な開示及び説明を提供するために提示されるものであり、本発明として見なされる範囲を限定することを意図しない。使用される数字(例えば量、温度、濃度など)に関しては正確性を確実にする努力がなされたものの、ある程度の実験誤差及び偏差は許されるべきである。特に記載がない限り、部は重量部であり、分子量は平均分子量であり、温度は摂氏度であり、圧は、大気圧または大気圧付近である。
KRASは、脂肪酸シンターゼを活性化し、肺腺癌と関連した特異的ERK及び脂質シグネチャーをもたらす。
KRAS遺伝子変異は、肺腺癌を引き起こす。KRAS活性化は、変化したグルコース及びグルタミン代謝と関連するとされてきた。本明細書にて、本発明者らは、KRASが、脂質生合成を活性化し、これにより、特徴的なプロテオーム及び脂質シグネチャーがもたらされることを示す。遺伝子発現分析により、KRASは、脂質生合成遺伝子シグネチャー及び脂肪酸シンターゼ(FASN)の特異的誘導と関連することが示される。脱離エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析イメージング(DESI−MSI)を通じて、脂質生合成における特異的変化及び特異的脂質が同定される。ナノ免疫アッセイ(NIA)により、KRASは、タンパク質ERK2を活性化することが見出され、一方でERK1活性化は、非KRAS関連ヒト肺腫瘍で見出される。小分子抗生物質であるセルレニンによるFASN阻害は、KRAS関連肺癌細胞の細胞増殖を遮断した。したがって、KRASは、ERK2の活性化、FASNの誘導、及び脂質生合成の促進と関連する。FASNは、KRAS関連肺の新規標的となる可能性がある。
脱離エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析イメージング(DESI−MSI)。DESI−MSIは、組織の脂質プロファイルを評価する目的で、厚さ16μmの組織切片の二次元化学マップを作成するために使用した。肺試料を液体窒素に入れて瞬間凍結し、処理するまで−80℃で貯蔵した。凍結試料を、凍結ミクロトームを用いて−21℃で16μm切片に切断し、顕微鏡スライドに解凍マウント(thaw−mounted)した。スライドを−80℃で貯蔵した。分析の前に、スライドを、デシケーター中、真空で約20分間乾燥させた。研究室組立のDESI−MSI源をLTQ−Orbitrap−XL質量分析器(Thermo Fisher Scientific)と連結させて用い、ネガティブイオンモードで、m/z90〜1,000に空間分解能200μmで、DESI−MSIを行った(図7)。Orbitrapを、質量分析器として、分解力60,000に設定して使用した。ジメチルホルムアミド及びアセトニトリル(1:1)を溶媒系として、流速0.5μL/分で使用して、この方法によりマウス組織試料を撮影した。N2 圧は、175psiに設定した。DESI−MSIでは、荷電した溶媒を組織に噴霧し、分子、例えば、代謝産物及び脂質などを、溶解させて組織表面から抽出し、そして質量対電荷(m/z)比を測定するため質量分析器に移した。生ファイルを2D画像に変換するためにソフトウェアImgGeneratorを用いた。空間的に正確なイオン画像を、BioMapソフトウェアを用いて組立てた。DESI−MSI後、同一組織切片を、光学顕微鏡を用いた病理組織検査のため、標準H&E染色に供した。腫瘍病巣を描写するため、DESI−MSイオン画像を、同一組織のH&E染色組織切片の光学顕微鏡画像と比較した。脂質同一性を裏付けるため、質量分析にOrbitrap及びリニアイオントラップの両方を用いてタンデムMS分析を行った。脂質同定を補助するため、脂質マップデータベースも利用した。
ナノスケールタンパク質測定は、固形腫瘍の腫瘍内不均一性と患者内不均一性とを比較評価するために使用可能である。ナノ免疫アッセイ(NIA)を用いて、腎臓癌の患者から得た微細針吸引バイオプシー(FNA)におけるERKシグナル伝達を分析した。39人の患者それぞれから、腎臓腫瘍の2〜3箇所からFNAにより試料を採取した。図15に示すとおり、各円は、腫瘍FNAであり(N=91のFNA)、技術的反復にわたり平均した。各患者からの試料は、鉛直線で結んである。ERK2の試料にわたる平均により患者を順位付けてある。アイソフォームにまたがり、技術的反復にまたがる変動性は、1%という平均標準偏差を有する。
NIAは、腎細胞癌(RCC)及び肺癌の患者から得た臨床検体でタンパク質を測定するために使用可能である
本明細書中に記載されるとおり、NIA電荷分離は、多くの検体種類及び異なる悪性腫瘍において新規タンパク質を測定するために使用されてきた。例えば、検体種類として、瞬間凍結腫瘍、OTCに包埋された凍結切片、微細針吸引試料、骨髄、血液、CTC、及び血漿が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。ヒト腫瘍臨床検体として、リンパ腫、CML、MDS、腎臓癌、肺癌、及び頭頚部癌が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。使用される薬物として、アトルバスタチン、リゴセルチブ、FTS、及び抗EPHA3が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。本明細書中に提示されるデータは、NIAが診断に使用可能であることを実証する。腎臓癌の場合、グルタミナーゼレベルを測定する。肺癌の場合、RAS+ 対RAS- を識別する。同じく、腎臓癌、頭頸部癌などの間で、異なる種類のがんを、互いに識別する。提示されるデータは、NIAが治療のためのモニタリング及び薬物開発に使用可能であることを実証する。FTS(前臨床)、リゴセルチブ(臨床試験)、及びアトルバスタチン(臨床試験)などの薬物が使用されてきた。
NIAは、RASのFTS阻害による変化を検出する。
本明細書中に提示されるデータは、FTS処置した腫瘍でのAktレベル及びERKレベルのモニタリング、ならびに頭頚部癌(HNSCC)のリゴセルチブ処置前対後のNIAによる差別化を通じて分かるとおり、NIAが治療効力のモニタリングに使用可能であることを示す。
NIAは、HMG−CoAリダクターゼのアトルバスタチン阻害による変化を検出する。
図24は、ERKデータを示す(アトルバスタチン処置の前及び後)。2人の患者は、HMG co−Aリダクターゼ阻害剤アトルバスタチンの臨床試験で治療を受けた。NIAを用いて、治療の前後8日間に試料採取した腫瘍細胞中のERKアイソフォームの変化を測定した。患者Aの場合、腫瘍負荷は減少した。患者Bの場合、腫瘍負荷の変化は見られなかった。
NIAは、P13Kのリゴセルチブ阻害による変化を検出する。
今回、固形腫瘍におけるNIAによる治療評価としてのErkシグネチャーが再検討された。図29に示すとおり、白金抵抗性、再発性、または転移性H&N SCCの患者におけるリゴセルチブ処置に対する治療反応についての強力なバイオマーカーとしてNIAによるErk活性が評価された。
本出願は、2017年 3月16日出願の米国仮特許出願番号第62/472,447号及び2017年 3月31日出願の米国仮特許出願番号第62/480,044号の優先権を主張し、これらの出願はそのまま全体が本明細書中に参照として援用される。
Claims (87)
- 患者の腫瘍がKRAS変異により駆動されている(KRAS+ )か否かを判定する方法であって、
KRAS+ であることが疑われる腫瘍の試料を得ることと、
ERKホスホアイソフォームに関してのナノ流体プロテオーム免疫アッセイ(NIA)、ならびに、m/z領域約700〜1000及び/またはm/z約200〜400の領域における脂質種に関しての脱離エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析イメージング(DESI−MSI)のうち一方または両方を行うことと、
KRAS+ 腫瘍は、KRAS- 腫瘍または正常組織と比べて変化したERK1アイソフォーム及び/または変化した脂質種を示しており、前記試料が、KRAS- 腫瘍または正常組織と比べて変化したERK1アイソフォーム及び/または変化した脂質種を示しているか否かを判定することと、
前記患者に判定結果を提供することと
を含む、方法。 - さらに、判定に従って前記患者を治療することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記腫瘍は、肺腺癌である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記試料は、バイオプシー試料である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオプシー試料は、100,000個未満の細胞の腫瘍細胞試料である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオプシー試料は、微細針吸引試料である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 対照組織は、同一組織から異なる時点で採取された試料である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 単一の腫瘍で複数の時点を比較する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 細胞試料は、事前に凍結されていたものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記NIAは、KRAS+ 腫瘍に関して、合計ERKタンパク質レベルと比較した場合にppERK1レベル及びpERK1レベルの顕著な上昇を検出する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記DESI−MSIは、KRAS+ 腫瘍に関して、複合グリセロリン脂質レベル及び遊離脂肪酸レベルの顕著な上昇を検出する、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記患者は、脂肪酸シンターゼ(FASN)の阻害剤で治療される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記阻害剤は、第二の治療レジメンと併用して投与される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記FASNの阻害剤は、セルレニンである、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- さらに、KRAS駆動型腫瘍形成を示すマーカーに関して治療の有効性を判定するために、前記患者から得た試料が、治療過程にわたり2つ以上の時点で、KRAS- 腫瘍または正常組織に比べて変化したERK1アイソフォーム及び/または変化した脂質種を示しているか否かを判定することを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- KRAS+ 癌を持つ対象を同定する方法であって、
対象から得られた臨床試料でナノ流体プロテオーム免疫アッセイ(NIA)及び/または脱離エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析イメージング(DESI−MSI)を行うことと、
前記臨床試料中のERK1ホスホアイソフォーム及び/または脂質種を測定することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記臨床試料は、合計ERKタンパク質レベルと比較した場合に、ppERK1レベル及びpERK1レベルが顕著に上昇している、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、正常組織試料またはKRAS- 癌と比較した場合に、ppERK1レベル及びpERK1レベルが顕著に上昇している、請求項16または17に記載の方法。
- 前記DESI−MSIを行うことは、m/z領域約700〜1000及び/またはm/z約200〜400の範囲の領域で脂質種を検出することを含む、請求項16〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、正常組織試料またはKRAS- 癌と比べて変化した脂質種を示す、請求項16〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、m/z745.5034、PG(18:1/16:1)、m/z747.5190、PGとして(18:1/16:0)、m/z793.5023、PG(18:2/20:4)、及びm/z865.5034、PG(22:6/22:6)の相対及び/または合計存在量が増加している、請求項16〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記DESI−MSIは、KRAS+ 腫瘍に関して、複合グリセロリン脂質及び遊離脂肪酸のレベルの顕著な上昇を検出する、請求項16〜21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、血液試料である、請求項16〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、バイオプシー試料である、請求項16〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオプシー試料は、腫瘍から得られる、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、100,000個未満の細胞を含む、請求項16〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、1,000個未満の細胞を含む、請求項16〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、100個未満の細胞を含む、請求項16〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、微細針吸引により得られる、請求項16〜28のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、in vivoで採取された微細針吸引試料(FNA)である、請求項16〜29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記FNAを、隣接する非腫瘍組織と比較することを含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記対象は、肺腺癌と診断される、請求項16〜31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象は、腎臓癌と診断される、請求項16〜31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- さらに、異なる時点で同一腫瘍から第二NIA及び/または第二DESI−MSIを行うことを含む、請求項16〜33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、事前に凍結されていたものである、請求項16〜34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、前記NIA及び/または前記DESI−MSIを行う前に、30分間超、氷上に事前に維持されていたものである、請求項16〜35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- KRAS+ 癌を治療するまたは減少させる必要がある対象について、KRAS+ 癌を治療するまたは減少させる方法であって、
前記対象のある部位から得られた臨床試料でナノ流体プロテオーム免疫アッセイ(NIA)及び/または脱離エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析イメージング(DESI−MSI)を行うことと、
第一の時点で、前記臨床試料中のERK1ホスホアイソフォーム及び/または脂質種を測定することと、
前記対象が有効量の抗がん剤で治療を受けた後、前記対象のほぼ同一の部位から得られた臨床試料で、第二のNIA及び/または第二のDESI−MSIを行うことと、
前記対象が有効量の抗がん剤で治療を受けた後、第二の時点で、前記対象のほぼ同一の部位から得られた前記臨床試料中のERK1ホスホアイソフォーム及び/または脂質種を測定することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記抗がん剤は、脂肪酸シンターゼ阻害剤である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記抗がん剤は、脂質生合成酵素阻害剤である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記対象に治療レジメンを受けさせることを含み、前記治療レジメンは、少なくとも1ヶ月間、有効量の抗がん治療薬を投与することを含む、請求項37〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記対象が前記抗がん剤で治療を受けた後、前記対象のほぼ同一の部位から得られた前記臨床試料中の、前記ERK1ホスホアイソフォーム及び/または前記脂質種に基づき、治療レジメンを維持、調整、または中止することを含み、前記ERK1ホスホアイソフォーム及び/または前記脂質種の変化は、前記治療レジメンに対する反応を示すものである、請求項37〜40のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、前記第一の時点の合計ERKタンパク質レベルと比較した場合に、ppERK1レベル及びpERK1レベルが顕著に上昇している、請求項37〜41のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、前記第一の時点で、正常組織試料またはKRAS- 癌と比較した場合に、ppERK1レベル及びpERK1レベルが顕著に上昇している、請求項37〜41のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ppERK1レベル及びpERK1レベルは、前記第一の時点で、前記第二の時点よりも高い、請求項37〜43のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記DESI−MSIを行うことは、m/z領域約700〜1000及び/またはm/z約200〜400の範囲の領域で脂質種を検出することを含む、請求項37〜44のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、前記第一の時点で、正常組織試料またはKRAS- 癌と比べて変化した脂質種を示す、請求項37〜45のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、前記第一の時点で、m/z745.5034、PG(18:1/16:1)、m/z747.5190、PGとして(18:1/16:0)、m/z793.5023、PG(18:2/20:4)、及びm/z865.5034、PG(22:6/22:6)の相対及び/または合計存在量が増加している、請求項37〜46のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記DESI−MSIは、前記第一の時点で、KRAS+ 腫瘍に関して複合グリセロリン脂質及び遊離脂肪酸のレベルの顕著な上昇を検出する、請求項37〜47のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 複合グリセロリン脂質レベル及び遊離脂肪酸レベルは、前記第一の時点で、前記第二の時点よりも高い、請求項37〜48のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、血液試料である、請求項37〜49のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、バイオプシー試料である、請求項37〜49のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオプシー試料は、腫瘍から得られる、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、100,000個未満の細胞を含む、請求項37〜52のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、1,000個未満の細胞を含む、請求項37〜53のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、100個未満の細胞を含む、請求項37〜53のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、微細針吸引により得られる、請求項37〜55のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、in vivoで採取された微細針吸引試料(FNA)である、請求項37〜56のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記FNAを、隣接する非腫瘍組織と比較することを含む、請求項57に記載の方法。
- 前記対象は、肺腺癌と診断される、請求項37〜58のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象は、腎臓癌と診断される、請求項37〜58のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、事前に凍結されていたものである、請求項37〜60のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、前記NIA及び/または前記DESI−MSIを行う前に、30分間超、氷上に事前に維持されていたものである、請求項37〜61のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象は、ヒトである、請求項37〜62のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象は、動物である、請求項37〜62のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記動物は、マウスである、請求項64に記載の方法。
- さらに、がん細胞を前記動物に移植することを含む、請求項64または65に記載の方法。
- 対象の疾患または障害を治療する方法であって、
前記対象に、有効量の抗がん剤を投与することを含み、
前記抗がん剤を用いた治療は、前記対象から得られた臨床試料中のppERK1レベル及びpERK1レベル、及び/または複合グリセロリン脂質レベル及び遊離脂肪酸レベルに基づき、かつ前記ppERK1レベル及びpERK1レベル、及び/または前記複合グリセロリン脂質レベル及び遊離脂肪酸レベルは、参照レベルに比べて上昇している、方法。 - 前記ppERK1レベル及びpERK1レベルは、ナノ流体プロテオーム免疫アッセイ(NIA)により測定される、請求項67に記載の方法。
- 前記複合グリセロリン脂質レベル及び遊離脂肪酸レベルは、脱離エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析イメージング(DESI−MSI)により測定され、前記DESI−MSIは、m/z領域約700〜1000及び/またはm/z約200〜400の範囲の領域で脂質種を検出することを含む、請求項67または68に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患または障害は、KRAS+ 癌である、請求項67〜69のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記KRAS+ 癌は、肺癌である、請求項70に記載の方法。
- 前記KRAS+ 癌は、腎臓癌である、請求項70に記載の方法。
- 前記抗がん剤は、脂肪酸シンターゼ阻害剤である、請求項67〜72のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗がん剤は、脂質生合成酵素阻害剤である、請求項67〜73のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記参照レベルは、KRAS- 腫瘍または正常組織中のppERK1レベル及びpERK1レベル、及び/または複合グリセロリン脂質レベル及び遊離脂肪酸レベルである、請求項67〜74のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、血液試料である、請求項67〜75のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、バイオプシー試料である、請求項67〜75のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオプシー試料は、腫瘍から得られる、請求項77に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、100,000個未満の細胞を含む、請求項67〜78のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、1,000個未満の細胞を含む、請求項67〜78のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、100個未満の細胞を含む、請求項67〜78のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、微細針吸引により得られる、請求項67〜81のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、事前に凍結されていたものである、請求項67〜82のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臨床試料は、前記NIA及び/または前記DESI−MSIを行う前に、30分間超、氷上に事前に維持されていたものである、請求項67〜83のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- KRAS+ 癌を治療するまたは減少させる必要がある対象について、KRAS+ 癌を治療するまたは減少させる方法であって、
がん細胞を動物のある部位に移植することと、
前記部位から前記がん細胞の一部を取り出すことと、
ex vivoで前記一部を有効量の抗がん剤で処理し、処理部位を作成することと、
前記処理部位で、ナノ流体プロテオーム免疫アッセイ(NIA)及び/または脱離エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析イメージング(DESI−MSI)を行うことと、
前記部位のERK1ホスホアイソフォーム及び/または脂質種を測定することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記動物は、マウスである、請求項85に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記部位でナノ流体プロテオーム免疫アッセイ(NIA)及び/または脱離エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析イメージング(DESI−MSI)を行うことと、前記抗がん剤で処理する前に、前記部位でERK1ホスホアイソフォーム及び/または脂質種を測定することとを含む、請求項85または86に記載の方法。
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