JP2020509830A - Endoscope with cover at distal end of cannula - Google Patents

Abstract

The endoscope has a cannula, a unique translucent or transparent cover at the distal end of the cannula, a light source and an imaging system, both inside the cannula. The light source emits light into the cover. At least some of the light passes through the cover to illuminate the examination site within the patient's body, and some of the light is internally reflected at the outer surface of the cover and recedes toward the inner surface of the cover. The imaging system receives the light reflected from the examination site and returned through the cover back to the endoscope. The component is configured so that none of the internally reflected light at the outer surface of the cover reaches the light input of the imaging system directly (eg, without further reflection). [Selection diagram] FIG.

Description

  This application claims the benefit of priority to US Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 467,908, filed March 7, 2017, entitled ENDOSCOPE WITH COVER FOR LIGHT DELIVERY COMPONENT (S). is there. The disclosure of the prior application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

  The present disclosure relates to endoscopes, and in particular, to endoscopes having a cover over a distal end of a cannula.

  An endoscope is a device that can be introduced into the body to provide a view of a body part.

  In general, it is desirable for an endoscope to be as small as possible, illuminate the examination site (within the patient's body) as fully as possible, easy to care for, and robust in design.

  Generally, endoscopes are sterilized between uses, especially when the use involves patients who have different uses.

  Over time, multiple sterilization processes may reduce the ability of the endoscope to function efficiently.

  In one aspect, an endoscope includes a cannula, a sole cover of a translucent or transparent material at the distal end of the cannula, and a light source and an imaging system, both within the cannula. The light source emits light into the cover. At least a portion of the light passes through the cover to illuminate the examination site within the patient's body, and a portion of the light internally reflects at the outer surface of the cover and recedes toward the inner surface of the cover. The imaging system receives light reflected from the inspection site and returned to the endoscope through the cover. The component is configured such that any internally reflected light at the outer surface of the cover does not directly (eg, without further reflection) reach the light input of the imaging system.

  In a typical implementation, the geometry (e.g., relative configuration) of the cover, light source, and imaging system is such that any internally reflected light at the outer surface of the cover reaches the light input of the imaging system directly (e.g., without further reflection). It is the sole factor that ensures not to. For example, in these implementations, for example, the entire cover is translucent or transparent, and no portion of the cover through which internally reflected ("first reflection") light passes is made of a translucent or non-transparent material. Thus, in a typical implementation, any portion of the cover through which the ("first reflection") light passes does not block light transmission by being translucent or non-transparent ("first reflection").

  In some typical implementations, the cover has uniform or at least substantially uniform optical properties throughout. For example, in some implementations, the entire cover is made of the same translucent or transparent material throughout. Such a cover may be formed as a "single piece" of translucent or transparent material. The expression "single piece" used to describe a cover means that the cover is a single continuous element (i.e., easily separated from each other in a predictable manner without effectively breaking the single pieces of material) And have no separate parts or sections that can be assembled and reassembled).

  In some implementations, the cover may consist of two or more pieces glued or otherwise fixed to each other. These pieces may be of the same material as one another, or of different materials. Regardless of whether the same or different materials are used, the geometry (eg, relative configuration) of the cover, light source, and imaging system is such that any light internally reflected at the outer surface of the cover is directly (eg, more reflective) (Without) the sole factor that ensures that the light input of the imaging system is not reached, any part of the cover through which internally reflected ("first reflected") light passes is either translucent or transparent. It does not consist of non-materials.

  In a multi-piece implementation of the cover, if any other materials (such as adhesives) are present, these materials are generally optical grade materials, and the resulting structure may be a transparent or translucent material. It has optical properties that allow it to work the same (or nearly the same) as a "single piece" works.

  In another aspect, an endoscope includes a cannula, a single fully translucent or transparent cover extending over the distal end of the cannula, a light source inside the cannula, and an imaging system inside the cannula. Have. The cover has a first outer surface and a second inner surface. The light source emits light to the distal end of the cannula. The first portion of the light passes through the cover and illuminates the examination site within the patient's body. A second portion of the light enters the cover but is internally reflected at the first outer surface toward the second inner surface (ie, toward the inside of the cannula). The imaging system has optics inside the cannula that receive any light reflected from the examination site within the patient's body and back through the cover. However, the cover, the light source, and the optical element may be such that the second portion of light (entering the cover but internally reflected at the first outer surface toward the second inner surface) is directly (eg, without further reflection). Is configured so as not to reach.

  In another aspect, an endoscope includes a cannula for insertion into a patient, a light source inside the cannula configured to emit light for illuminating an examination site within the patient, and an optical fiber. A translucent or transparent cover extending over the distal end of the bundle. The cover prevents fluid (e.g., liquid and / or gas) outside the endoscope from entering or reaching the light source and inspects all light from the light source on the front outer surface of the cover without obstruction. Coupled to the cannula to allow to reach the site and illuminate the inspection site.

  In some implementations, any light present on the front outer surface of the cover does not hit or block any portion of the endoscope, including the cannula. Thus, for example, if the endoscope is configured such that light cones (ie, light emitted in a light cone pattern) are sent through the front outer surface of the cover, the entire light cone will be exposed to the inspection site (eg, (A body part near the outside of the distal end of the endoscope). In general, a light cone is represented as a cone in three dimensions and comprises all points where light signals arrive from a particular point at the same time, and thus can be considered as a surface in space-time that is simultaneously visible to an observer at that point.

  Expressions such as "inspection site" as used herein are generally spaces and objects around and near the distal end of an endoscope that can be illuminated and possibly viewed using an endoscope. Point to. However, the expression "inspection site" generally excludes any part of the endoscope itself.

  In some implementations, the light source may include a fiber optic bundle or light guide (s) configured to emit light generated by the remote light generating device. In general, an optical fiber may be any type of flexible transparent fiber made, for example, by stretching glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter that is usually slightly larger than human hair. The optical fiber may have a transparent core surrounded by a cladding material that may be transparent but have a lower refractive index. Light is maintained in the core and propagates along the length of the fiber by a phenomenon known as total internal reflection. In some implementations, the light source may include a light guide.

  According to some implementations, there is an optical adhesive between the distal end of the light guide / fiber optic bundle and the inner surface of the cover. The optical adhesive may be virtually any type of adhesive suitable for use in connection with the described example (s).

  In some implementations, the cover is a translucent or transparent material (eg, glass, silica, etc.). Such covers are generally disc-shaped having an inner surface, an outer surface opposite the inner surface, and cylindrical sides connecting the inner and outer surfaces. In a typical implementation, the outer surface is flat throughout. In some implementations, the inner surface is also flat throughout. In a typical implementation, the translucent or transparent material of the cover will cover its entire volume (e.g., all points along the cylindrical side, from all points on the outer surface to all points on the inner surface, and Substantially uniform (with substantially uniform light transmission and / or transparency) up to all points between them.

  In some implementations, the cover material is configured to define at least one cavity on an inner surface (eg, facing the inside of the endoscope). In these implementations, a light source (eg, a fiber optic bundle) generally extends into the cavity, and the distal end of the light source is generally adhered to the bottom surface of the cavity. In some implementations, there are no cavities in the material.

  In some implementations, the cover has one or more thinner portions (eg, in each cavity) and one or more thicker portions (other locations). In these implementations, the portion of the cover through which light reflected from the inspection site and returning to the endoscope for imaging generally passes is thicker than the portion of the cover through which light from the light source exits the endoscope ( Actually quite thick).

  In a typical implementation, the endoscope / endoscope system further includes an imaging system having optics (eg, any type of optical element such as a lens) inside the cannula. In some of these implementations, the optics may be configured to receive light that reflects off the inspection site and returns through the cover to the endoscope for imaging. In these implementations, the light source may generally be configured to emit light into the inspection site via a portion of the cover that forms the bottom of the cavity in the cover. Some of that light from the light source is internally reflected from the outer surface of the cover, such that the reflected light recedes toward the inner surface of the cover. The light source, cover (and its cavity), and the imaging system are configured to ensure that none of the reflected light (from the first reflection) reaches the light input of the imaging system directly from the first reflection. And can be arranged.

  In some implementations, the endoscope's ability to prevent reflected light from reaching the light entrance to the imaging system directly from the first reflection on the outer surface of the cover is at least as much as the light source allows light into the cover. The angle delivered, the thickness of the cover (where there are no cavities), the thickness of the thin section of the cover in front of the light source (eg in the cavity (s)), and the light exit of the light source and the imaging system It is a function of the distance to the light entrance.

  In some implementations, the cover may not consist of a single piece of material, but rather consist of two (or more) individual pieces held together (eg by an optical adhesive). In some of these implementations, the cover is a first piece of translucent or transparent material having a uniform thickness over the entire area, thicker than the first piece, and a translucent or transparent material having a uniform thickness over the entire area. A second piece of material and an optical adhesive for securing the second piece to the first piece may be included. The second piece may be substantially centered with respect to the first piece and, since it is smaller than the first piece, only covers a portion of the first piece. In these implementations, the distal end of the light source may be glued to a portion of the first piece of translucent or transparent material that is not covered by the second piece of translucent or transparent material.

  The cover is typically coupled to the cannula with a strong fluid tight connection (eg, by soldering). In general, soldering involves melting the metal thin film coating in the solder area on the transparent cover with heat and bonding the cannula, which in some instances is metal, to the thin film coating on the translucent cover, eg, AU and / or Or, using a solder material such as SN.

  In some implementations, one or more of the following advantages exists.

  For example, an endoscope may be provided that is particularly resistant to multiple and even multiple sterilization cycles (eg, using cold gas plasma sterilization with hydrogen peroxide). More specifically, the endoscope may be sterilized multiple times, and even multiple times, without degrading fiber optic performance as a result of the sterilization process. This is because, as disclosed herein, the distal end of the endoscope through which the optical fiber provides light does not cause the optical fiber to 1) come into contact with the patient's body during use and 2). This is because it has a cover that prevents exposure to plasma gas, hydrogen peroxide, and / or other sterilants during sterilization.

  In addition to withstanding multiple, and even multiple, sterilization cycles (eg, using cold gas plasma sterilization with hydrogen peroxide), in some implementations, endoscopes in common implementations may have other types of endoscopes. It is more resistant to the environmental conditions associated with autoclaves than flexible endoscopes. This is also due to the cover configuration disclosed herein.

  In addition, an endoscope may be provided that is particularly suitable for delivering a high degree of illumination to an examination site (e.g., a region of a patient's body). This is because the endoscope configuration in a typical implementation ensures that all of the light exiting the front of the endoscope eventually reaches the inspection site and effectively illuminates the inspection site. More specifically, light exiting the cover does not impinge (or are blocked) on any part of the endoscope, including, for example, a cannula.

  Since the fibers and adhesive do not come into contact with the patient, non-biocompatible materials may be used for the fibers and their adhesive. Thereby, the quality of the fiber itself can be improved.

  In some implementations, if small enough, light emitting diodes (LEDs) may be used to provide light directly behind the cover glass. In these implementations, the output surface of the light emitting diode is glued directly to the back of the cover. In these implementations, the LEDs may be provided instead of or in addition to optical fibers. Also, if the LED is provided at the distal end of the endoscope (eg, glued to the back of the cover), an electrical conductor is provided inside the cannula to the LED.

  The fiber cover may be a very hard material, such as sapphire. This has the advantage that in these implementations the likelihood of damaging the fiber surface is very low.

  As used herein, the words "substantially" and similar words should, of course, be construed in accordance with their original meaning. Thus, a “substantially flat surface” is, for example, a surface that is at least part (or all) flat within expected manufacturing tolerances. Similarly, cavities that are identified as being "substantially identical" to each other are identical, at least in part, or within expected manufacturing tolerances, in many parts (or all). Similarly, "substantially centered" means that many parts (or the whole) are centered, at least within expected manufacturing tolerances.

  Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

1 is a schematic diagram of a typical endoscope. FIG. 2 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view (shown along 2-2 of FIG. 1) of an exemplary configuration of components at the distal end of the endoscope cannula. FIG. 2 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view (shown along 2-2 of FIG. 1) of another more detailed exemplary configuration of the components at the distal end of the endoscope cannula. FIG. 2 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view (shown along 2-2 of FIG. 1) of yet another exemplary configuration of components at the distal end of the endoscope cannula. 1 is a schematic diagram of an endoscope. 1 is a schematic diagram of a light cone being generated by a light source in an endoscope. FIG. 2 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view (shown along 2-2 of FIG. 1) of yet another exemplary configuration of components at the distal end of the endoscope cannula.

  Like reference numbers refer to like elements.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical endoscope 100.

  The endoscope 100 includes an electronic device housing 102, a cannula 104 extending from the electronic device housing 102 in the first direction, a cable 106 extending from the electronic device housing 102, and a connector 108 at an end of the cable 106. Have. In use, the connector 108 may be connected to, for example, an external light source and / or a power source (for powering the light source) and / or an external visual monitoring device (eg, a video screen), both of which are illustrated in the illustrated figures. Not shown.

  The endoscope 100 is generally configured and operated to allow a physician or other healthcare professional to perform an endoscopy (ie, visually inspect an examination site within a patient's body). It is possible. In this regard, in use, the cannula 104 of the endoscope 100 may be inserted through a generally small opening in the patient's body, such that its distal end is near an examination site within the patient's body. When inserted, endoscope 100 may emit light (e.g., via one or more optical fibers or light guides) through cannula 104, at least a portion of the light entering the inspection site. Light up the inspection site. The outgoing light reflects off of the body part at the examination site and re-enters the distal end of cannula 104 through the cover (not shown in the illustrated figure, which may be, for example, a video screen or a video screen). An external viewing device (which may include a screen) facilitates viewing or generating an image of the test by a healthcare professional.

  As disclosed in detail herein, the endoscope 100 has a particular configuration of components at or near the distal end of the cannula 104 to ensure, among other things, very high quality imaging.

  FIG. 2 illustrates one exemplary configuration of components at the distal end of cannula 104, for example.

  According to the illustrated implementation, endoscope 100 is a single (ie, only) fully translucent or transparent, extending over the distal end of cannula 104 (and may provide a fluid or gas tight seal). It has a cover 214. Light source 210 and imaging system 212 (and optics 211 that facilitate light entry into imaging system 212) are inside the cannula at or near the distal end of the cannula.

  In operation, a portion of the light emitted by light source 210 into cover 214 is internally reflected at outer surface 217 of cover 214 and recedes toward inner surface 215 of cover 214. In the illustrated implementation, light source 210, cover 214, and imaging system 212 have all of the light internally reflected at outer surface 217 of cover 214 and receding toward inner surface 215 of cover 214 ("first reflection"). The optical input (at 211) of the imaging system 212 is configured relative to each other such that it does not reach (eg, without further reflection) directly.

  Also, in the illustrated implementation, the geometry (eg, relative physical configuration) of the cover 214, the light source 210, and the imaging system 212 is such that any of the light internally reflected (“first reflection”) at the outer surface 217 of the cover 214 is imaged. It is the sole factor that ensures that the light input (at 211) of the system 212 is not reached directly (eg, without further reflection). In the illustrated implementation, the entire cover 214 is translucent or transparent, and no portion of the cover through which internally reflected ("first reflection") light passes is made of a translucent or non-transparent material.

  In some typical implementations, cover 214 has uniform or at least substantially uniform optical properties throughout. For example, in the illustrated implementation, the entire cover 214 is made of a single piece of an entirely translucent or transparent material. The term “single piece”, when used to describe the cover 214, means that the covers can be connected to each other in a predictable manner without effectively destroying a single continuous element (ie, a “single piece” of material). (Having no separate parts or sections that can be easily separated and reassembled). Light source 210, which may include, for example, a fiber optic bundle or light guide, is configured to emit light to the distal end of cannula 104. In the illustrated implementation, the distal end of light source 210 contacts (and may be adhered to) the inner surface of cover 214. The distal end of light source 210 need not necessarily contact (or adhere to) the inner surface of cover 214. However, by contacting the distal end of the light source 210 with the inner surface of the cover, light loss is reduced. Also, gluing the distal end of the light source 210 to the inner surface of the cover 214 ensures and maintains good contact therebetween and proper alignment / positioning of the light source 210. Virtually any type of optical grade adhesive can be used to adhere the distal end of light source 210 to the inner surface of cover 214.

  A first portion L1 of light emitted by the light source 210 to the distal end of the cannula 104 passes through the cover and illuminates the examination site within the patient. In a typical implementation, at least a portion of this light will eventually reflect off of objects in the examination area (eg, the patient's body part), pass through the cover 214 again, and via the optical element 211 to the imaging system 212. Light enters.

  Basically, optical element 211 defines an opening at the distal end of the imaging system through which light enters and plays an optional role in the image generation process at imaging system 212. Must. That is, only light passing through the optical element 211 contributes to (or has some effect on) image generation, and light that does not pass through the optical element 211 does not affect (or have any effect on) image generation.

  The optical element 211, which may be a lens or a transparent or translucent cover for the imaging system 212, is near the cover 214 but does not contact the cover 214 in the illustrated implementation. The distance between the distal surface of the optical element 211 and the inner surface of the cover 214 may have various possible values, at least partially due to the light source 210 (and the light cone it provides) and the physical configuration of the cover 214. May depend on In various implementations, this distance may be, for example, between 0.25 millimeter and 1 millimeter.

  According to the illustrated configuration, the distance between the distal end of the imaging system 212 (optical element 211) and the outer surface 217 of the cover 214 is between the distal end of the light source 210 and the outer surface 217 of the cover 214. Greater than the distance.

  The imaging system 212 generates an image of the inspection site based on light entering the imaging system via the optical element 211 (for example, light returning from the inspection site via the cover 214). Generally, any image (still image or video) generated by the imaging system 212 is made available for viewing on a screen or lens that is on the endoscope or to which the endoscope 100 is connected.

  A second portion L2 of light emitted by the light source 210 to the distal end of the cannula enters the cover 214, but ultimately reflects internally at the front, distal, or outer surface 217 of the cover 214. This “first reflected” light L 2 retracts through the cover 214 toward the inner surface 215 of the cannula 104. In a typical implementation, a portion L3 of this "first reflected" light L2 passes through inner surface 215 of cover 214 at re-entry point RP on inner surface 215. The location of this re-entry point RP on the inner surface of the cover 214 ensures that the re-entrant light L3 does not reach or cannot enter the imaging system 212 (eg, via the optical element 211). Specifically, the cover 214, the light source 210 (including the light cone LC generated by the light source), and the optical element 211 of the imaging system 212 are such that, in the illustrated implementation, all of the re-entered light L3 It is configured such that it does not directly reach the imaging system 212 via the cover (eg, without first undergoing at least two additional internal reflections within the cover 214).

  Thus, in a typical implementation, a portion of the “first reflected” light L2 will not enter the imaging system 212 (eg, via the optical element 211), so that the “first reflected” light will be There can be no interference. Thus, the image of the inspection site generated by the endoscope may be free from such interference. Of course, it is possible that some light (eg, light that has been internally reflected twice and three times within the cover 214) may eventually reach the optical element 211 and enter the imaging system 212. However, after a plurality of internal reflections, any such internally reflected light that may enter the imaging system 212 via the optical element 211 is slight and any possible associated with light entering the imaging system 212 The negative effects are mostly negligible.

  Accordingly, the relative geometry of the system components (ie, light source 210 (and its light cone LC), imaging system 212 / optics 211, and cover 214) has the advantageous result shown, ie, of the “first reflected” light L2. It can be seen that the result is that a portion of the “first reflected” light cannot interfere with the image generated by the endoscope system, since a portion does not directly enter the imaging system 212. There are various ways in which this relative geometry can be constructed.

  Thus, in a typical implementation, endoscope 100 may provide a better and sharper image of an examination site (eg, within a patient's body).

  In a typical implementation, cover 214 also prevents bodily fluids and other foreign matter from penetrating the distal tip of cannula 104, which can cause problems and / or contamination. This is especially true in implementations where the cover 214 creates a seal against the distal end of the cannula 104. Other advantages are possible as well. For example, the endoscope 100 must be sterilized between uses, particularly if successive uses involve different patients. Sterilization may be performed using any one of a variety of techniques including, for example, cold gas plasma sterilization with hydrogen peroxide (of a kind that may be implemented by the STERRAD® 100NX system) or exposure to hot saturated steam in an autoclave. Can be realized. The endoscope 100 of FIG. 1 is highly resistant to the environmental conditions (eg, high temperature and / or humidity) associated with these sterilization techniques, especially when there is a hermetic seal between the cover 214 and the cannula 104.

  Also, in a typical implementation, endoscope 100 is highly resistant to multiple and even multiple sterilization cycles (eg, using cold gas plasma sterilization with hydrogen peroxide). Generally, these multiple sterilizations, which can cause problems in other types of endoscopes, do not significantly reduce the optical performance of endoscope 100. This is particularly the case when the distal end of the endoscope is sealed by a cover and the optical fibers / light guides (and other internal parts) do not 1) come into contact with the patient's body during use and 2). This is the case in instances where the cover is configured to prevent contact with plasma gas, hydrogen peroxide, and / or other sterilants during sterilization.

  Also, in some implementations, the cover may be provided by a side of a cannula or other physical structure where all of the light passing through the front of the cover 214 may extend, for example, through the plane in which the outer surface of the cover 214 is located. It is configured to reach the inspection site without being interrupted. In addition to being able to withstand multiple and even multiple sterilization cycles (eg, using cold gas plasma sterilization with hydrogen peroxide, etc.), in some implementations, the endoscope 100 and its cover configuration may be of other types. Can be more resistant to the environmental conditions associated with autoclaves (including, for example, exposure to hot saturated steam at about 132 ° C. for about 15-20 minutes).

  FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating a typical configuration of components at the distal end of the endoscope 300.

  The endoscope 300 of FIG. 3 is similar in some respects to the endoscope 100 shown in FIG. For example, the endoscope 300 of FIG. 3 has a cannula 104 for insertion into a patient's body. A translucent or transparent cover 214 extends over the distal end of cannula 104. Cover 214 has a flat outer surface 216 and a flat inner surface 217 (opposite the outer surface). Inside the cannula 104 is a light source 210 (two shown). Each light source 210 is in direct physical contact with the cover 214 and is configured to emit light into the cover 214, with some of the light passing through the cover 214 to illuminate the examination site within the patient's body. An imaging system 212 (with optics / imaging optics 211) is also within cannula 104. The imaging system 212 is configured to receive light (e.g., through its own optics 211) that reflects from the examination site within the patient's body and returns to the endoscope through the cover 214. The imaging system 212 uses the light to generate one or more images of the examination site at a viewing station (eg, a lens, video screen, etc.) that can be viewed, for example, by a healthcare professional.

  In operation, each light source 210 emits light into the distal end of cannula 104 and into cover 214. A first portion of the light passes through the cover 214 and illuminates the examination site within the patient's body, and a second portion of the light enters the cover 214 and again toward the inner surface (without reaching the examination site). It is internally reflected at the outer surface of the cover 214. The cover, light source (and its cone), and optics are such that some of the light internally reflected at the outer surface of the cover 214 (without reaching the inspection site) is directly reflected (eg, further inside the cover 214). No) It is configured so that it does not reach the optical element 211 or enter the imaging system 212.

  There are many different physical configurations and operational features that can produce this result. In one exemplary implementation, each light source 210 produces an 83-degree cone of light, the cover 214 has a uniform thickness of 0.3 millimeters, and each light source 210 is associated with an imaging system 212 or optical element 211. The distance D1 between them is 0.73 millimeters, the distal front of the imaging system 212 is separated from the inner surface of the cover 214 (with an intervening space), and the distal front of the imaging system 212 and the cover 214 are separated. The distance D2 to the outer surface of the light source is 0.5 millimeter, and the distal end of each light source 210 is in physical contact with the inner surface of the cover 214.

  These dimensions are of course the advantage mentioned above, namely that some of the light internally reflected at the outer surface of the cover 214 (without reaching the inspection site) is directly optical (eg without further reflection inside the cover 214). It may vary without compromising that it does not reach element 211 or enter light into imaging system 212. For example, in various implementations, the light cone may be between 75 and 91 degrees, the thickness T of the cover 214 may be between 0.1 and 0.4 millimeters, and the distance D1 may be between 0.6 and 0.9 millimeters. And / or the distance D2 may be between 0.3 and 0.6 millimeters. In some implementations, the distal end of light source 210 may be separated (without contact) from the inner surface of cover 214.

  In some implementations, one or more of the above dimensions may be such that any portion of light internally reflected at the outer surface of cover 214 (without reaching the inspection site) is directly (eg, without further reflection inside cover 214). ) May vary from those specifically mentioned herein, with the result that it does not reach the optical element 211 or enter the imaging system 212.

  The illustrated endoscope has a rigid internal structure 328 that can contact and / or support the light source 210 and the cover glass. The rigid inner structure 328 may be made of or include any one of a wide variety of materials or combinations of materials. In one exemplary implementation, rigid inner structure 328 is metal.

  In the illustrated implementation, the rigid inner structure 328 extends to and contacts the cover 214. Also, in some implementations, an adhesive material is present between the cover 214 and a portion of the rigid inner structure 328 that contacts the cover 214.

  In some implementations, the rigid inner structure 328 may surround, support, and / or direct the light source (s) 210 through the cannula 104 toward its distal end.

  Cover 214 in the illustrated implementation may be attached to cannula 104 and / or other components in a wide variety of ways. In one typical implementation, the cover 214 is secured to the cannula 104 by a soldered connection, which in some instances allows fluid from outside the endoscope to enter the endoscope 300 between them. Or provide a seal that prevents access to the light source (s) 210.

  The cover 214 may provide the light source 210 and the cannula 104 with all of the light (eg, at an 83 degree light cone) from the light source 210 present on the outer surface of the cover 214 reaching and illuminating the inspection site. Is configured to ensure That is, light present on the outer surface of the cover 214 is not blocked by any part of the endoscope 300 (including the cannula 104).

  FIG. 4 illustrates another exemplary configuration of the components at the distal end of the cannula 104 of FIG.

  The illustrated illustration extends over a light source 710 (eg, a bundle of optical fibers that can carry light) inside the cannula, an imaging system 712 (including, eg, imaging optics) inside the cannula, and the light source 710 and the imaging system 712. A single piece of translucent or transparent cover 714 at the distal end of the cannula is shown covering them. As used herein, the expression "single piece" generally refers to a single piece of light transmission in which the cover 714 in the illustrated implementation is, for example, easily or predictably separated into component parts and cannot be reassembled thereafter. Refers to the fact that it consists of a transparent or transparent material (eg glass or plastic).

  The illustrated cover 714 has a first outer surface 716 that is generally flat and outwardly directed, and a second inner surface 718 facing the first surface and inwardly. The figure shows that there are two cavities 720a, 720b on the second surface 718 of the cover 714. Of course, in various implementations, one or more to virtually any number of cavities may be present on the second surface 718 of the cover 714. Also, in a typical implementation, all cavities 720 in the second surface 718 of the cover 714 are substantially identical in shape and size. In the illustrated implementation, for example, cavity 720a is substantially identical (in size and shape) to cavity 720b. In one exemplary implementation, there are four cavities (arranged symmetrically across the second surface 718), each of which is substantially identical in size and shape to the other.

  Each cavity 720a, 720b extends through some, but not all, of the thickness (T1) of cover 714. For example, in various implementations, each cavity 720a, 720b may extend through 70% or more, or 80% or more, or 90% or more of the thickness (T1) of cover 714. Each cavity 720a, 720b has a substantially flat bottom surface 722a, 722b and a slightly outwardly extending upwardly extending from the flat bottom surface 722a, 722b to define a slightly frusto-conical space therein (although close to a cylinder). And one or more side walls 724a, 724b. Each cavity 720a, 720b generally accommodates a corresponding one of the light sources (e.g., a bundle of optical fibers 710) in a slightly (albeit close to cylindrical), slightly frustoconical space, whereby the distal end of the optical fiber is It is configured to reach or substantially reach the bottom surfaces 722a, 722b of the cavities 720a, 720b and be adhered (eg, by an optical adhesive 721, etc.).

  Since cavities 720a, 720b do not extend through the entire thickness (T1) of cover 714, a flake (with thickness T2) of cover material extending across the bottom 726a, 726b of each cavity 720a, 720b. Exists. In a typical implementation, the flakes of this material may be as thin as practical without undue rigidity, such as the structure of either the flakes of material or the entire cover 714. In a typical implementation, each of these flakes of cover material has a uniform or at least substantially uniform thickness across the bottom 726a, 726b of each cavity 720a, 720b.

  In a typical implementation, the cover 714 is not covered with the exception of the illustrated cavities 720a, 720b (and any other cavities that may be formed in the second surface 718 of the cover 714 to receive the distal ends of other light sources). The remaining portion has a substantially constant thickness (T1) and has a substantially smooth flat outer surface 716, and a substantially smooth flat inner surface that is part of 718. Specifically, in a typical implementation, there are no cavities anywhere on the substantially smooth flat outer surface 716 of the cover 714.

  The light source 710 (eg, a fiber optic bundle) in the illustrated implementation extends through the cannula all the way to the cover 714. In fact, the distal end of light source 710 extends into cavity 720a such that the distal end of the optical fiber of light source 710 contacts (or is very close to) the inner surface of cover 714 at the bottom 726a of cavity 720a. . In a typical implementation, such as the example shown, the distal end of the optical fiber of the light source 710 is glued to the inner surface of the bottom 726a of the cavity 720a by an optical adhesive having sufficiently high temperature stability. In a typical implementation, there is a separate light source (such as light source 710) for each of the cavities in cover 714. Thus, although not specifically shown in FIG. 4, in a typical implementation, another light source (e.g., another fiber optic bundle) is present in cavity 720b and the other light source is a light source 710 relative to cavity 720a. Are positioned and configured relative to cavity 720b in a manner substantially, if not exactly, the same as positioned therein. Of course, in a typical implementation, the same concept applies for any other cavities that may be formed in cover 714. Each generally gets its own individual light source (ie, a bundle of optical fibers). It should be noted that the light for each or all of the light sources may originate from the same (or different) remote light generator (eg, light emitting diode, laser, etc.).

  The imaging system 712 in the illustrated implementation extends to and contacts (or at least very close to) the cover 714. In a typical implementation, the distal end of the imaging system 712 (ie, the portion near or in contact with the cover 714) is a window through which light from, for example, an inspection site passes. In a typical implementation as depicted in FIG. 2, there is no cavity in the portion of the cover 714 that is in direct physical contact or proximity to the imaging system 712 (eg, a window of the imaging system). That is, any portion of the surface 718 covering the imaging system 712 (or a window of the imaging system 712) has no cavities, and the entire surface 718 of the cover 714 covering the imaging system 712 is smooth and flat.

  Imaging system 712 in the illustrated implementation will generally allow light (reflected back from the inspection site) to enter imaging system 712 through a surface facing cover 714 (and which may be in direct physical contact with cover 714). It is configured to light.

  The light entrance to the imaging system 712 is separated from the light output of the light source 710 by a distance D1. In some implementations, all (or at least some) of the light sources within endoscope 100 are arranged in a manner that is contrasting with respect to imaging system 712. In implementations where all of the light sources in endoscope 100 are arranged in a contrasting manner to imaging system 712, all of the light entrances to imaging system 712 are at the same distance from the light output of each light source (eg, D1). Only separated.

  The light source 710 in the illustrated implementation is configured to emit light to the examination site (ie, the space beyond the cover 714, the patient's body) through a portion of the cover 714 that forms the bottom 726a of the cavity 720a. You. Most of the light emitted by the light source 710, which may be substantially conical, illuminates the inspection site through the bottom 726a of the cavity 720a, but some of the light does not exit the cover 714. May be internally reflected by the outer surface of the body. This first internal reflection (represented by the bent arrow labeled "first reflection") causes the first reflected light to recede toward the inner surface 718 of the cover 714, where a portion of that light is Passing through the inner surface 718 (into the cannula), some of that light is again internally reflected towards the front of the cover 714.

  The extent to which light emitted by the light source is internally reflected (ie, "first reflected") when first reaching the outer surface of cover 714 is generally determined by the cover material, the light transmitted into cover 714. Angle θ, and, to a lesser extent, the wavelength contained in the light. In general, if the angle of incidence theta is greater than a certain limiting angle, called the critical angle, light will reflect (ie, “first reflection”) when it first reaches the outer surface of cover 714.

  In general, the light source 710, cover 714 (and its cavity 720a), and imaging system 712 in the illustrated implementation are such that any of the light from the first reflection (i.e., "first reflection") is at the first reflection. Arranged and arranged to ensure that the light input for 712 cannot be reached. For example, as shown in the diagram of FIG. 2, for example, the “first reflected” light does not clearly reach the light entrance (ie, the surface of the imaging system 712 near or touching the cover 714). Thus, the "first reflected" light interferes with or limits the ability of the imaging system or endoscope to produce accurate high resolution images of the inspection site at the system's external viewing device (not shown). There is no.

  Also, in a typical implementation, the illustrated endoscope 100 is capable of producing this result (ie, a “first reflected” light) in a relatively small endoscope (ie, an endoscope having a small outer diameter cannula). Ensuring that the light input for the imaging system 712 cannot be reached at the first reflection). This is, of course, desirable because increasing the cannula diameter makes it difficult to use and handle the endoscope. In some instances, in fact, preventing any “first reflection” light from reaching the light input for the imaging system 712 at the first reflection, as shown in FIG. 2 without any increase in cannula diameter It can be realized using such a configuration.

  The ability of the endoscope to prevent the “first reflected” light in FIG. 2 from reaching the light entrance to the imaging system 712 depends on the angle θ at which light is transmitted into the cover 714 by the light source, from the front 716 of the cover 714. The thickness (T1) of the back surface 718 to the portion that contacts (or approaches) the imaging system 712, the thickness (T2) of the thin portion of the cover 714 in front of the light source 710, and the light exit of the light source 710 and the imaging system 712. Can be considered to be a function of the distance D1 to the light entrance of

  Also, due to the fact that the light source 710 is very close to the front outer surface 716 of the cover 714, all of the light (e.g., the entire cone) exiting from the front 716 of the cover 714 reaches the inspection site and ultimately traverses the inspection site. It is ensured that the lighting is effective. Specifically, light exiting the front outer surface 716 does not impinge (or are blocked) on any portion of the endoscope 100, including, for example, the cannula 104.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the endoscope 100 as shown in FIG. 1 including the electronic device housing 102, the cannula 104, the cable 106, and the connector 108.

  According to the illustrated implementation, a connector 108 that can be connected to an external light source (not shown), an external power supply (not shown), and / or an external viewing device (not shown) is at one end of endoscope 100. The cable 106 extends from the connector 108 to the electronic device housing 102. In a typical implementation, the cable 106 is configured to carry electricity and / or light between the connector 108 and the electronics housing 102.

  Two fiber optic bundles 210a, 210b (light sources) extend through cannula 104 to the distal end of endoscope 100. In use, light travels through the cannula via fiber optic bundles 210a, 210b, exits endoscope 100, passes through cover 214, and illuminates the examination site at its distal end. As described above, no light exiting the endoscope 100 through the cover 214 will impinge (or be blocked) on any portion of the endoscope 100 including, for example, the outer edge of the cannula 104.

  The imaging system 212 in the illustrated implementation includes an optical system 832 and an optical sensor associated with the optical system 832 and a printed circuit board 834 (with electronics). The light returns from the inspection site to the endoscope 100 through the cover 214 and enters an optical system 832 that directs the light to an optical sensor that converts the returned light into an electric signal.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a light cone being generated by an optical fiber 934, which may be part of one of the fiber optic bundles (light sources) in the endoscope 100. Light is shown to expand as it passes through cover 214. The fiber diameter in the illustrated implementation is 1 millimeter and the aperture angle is about 86 degrees. As noted elsewhere herein and shown in FIG. 6, in a typical implementation, the endoscope 100 may have a light cone blocked by any portion of the endoscope beyond the cover 214. Not to be configured. Specifically, the upper edge of the light cone emitted by optical fiber 934 passes the distal end of cannula 104 a distance ( _Dclear ). _Dclear can be virtually any dimension greater than zero. Endoscope 100 and its various components may have various dimensions. In general, compactness is considered highly desirable for endoscopes. By way of example, the outer diameter of cover 214 in a typical endoscope is about 8.3 millimeters. In another example, the outer diameter may be 8.5 millimeters. In yet another example, the outer diameter may be about 9 millimeters. This dimension can, of course, vary slightly, but in practice the outer diameter is typically between 8 and 10 millimeters. In fact, this dimension is often between 8 and 8.5 millimeters, or between 8 and 9 millimeters.

  The distal end of each light source (ie, fiber optic bundle) in a typical endoscope is about 1.2 millimeters in diameter (this is, of course, only an example). In some implementations, there are four separate light sources (eg, a circular fiber bundle). In such an implementation, there are four cavities on the back of the cover 214. In other implementations, there are two separate light sources (approximately half-moon). In an alternative implementation, there may be only one bundle annularly around the imaging system.

  In some implementations, there are two light entrances (two camera systems) for the imaging system, each light entrance having a diameter of about 2.6 millimeters. However, only one (or more than two) may exist.

  The thickness of the cover 214 may, of course, vary. However, in a typical implementation, the thicker portion of the cover is between 0.5 and 1 millimeter. However, in some implementations, the thicker portion may be as small as 0.3 millimeter.

  The thinner (eg, cavity formed) portion of cover 214 is typically between 0.1 millimeter and 0.05 millimeter. In some implementations, the thinner portion of cover 214 may be as thin as 0.2 millimeter.

  In a typical implementation, the distance between the light exit of the light source and the light entrance of the imaging system is 2 millimeters. However, in various implementations, the dimensions may be, for example, in the range of 1-4 millimeters.

  FIG. 7 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view (shown along 2-2 in FIG. 1) of another exemplary configuration of components at the distal end of the cannula 104 of the endoscope 100.

  The configuration shown in FIG. 7 is similar in many respects to the configuration shown in FIG. For example, like the configuration in FIG. 4, the configuration illustrated in FIG. 7 includes a light source 210, an imaging system 212, and a cover 1014. 4, there is an optical adhesive 221 between the distal end of the optical fiber in the light source 210 and the cover 1014.

  However, unlike the configuration of FIG. 4, the cover 1014 of FIG. 7 is not a single-piece cover, but has two pieces 1014 and 1014b that can be connected to each other by an optical adhesive 1014c. Specifically, in the illustrated implementation, the cover 1014 is thin and has a first piece 1014 having a uniform thickness over the entire range, and a second piece having a thickness greater than the first piece 1014 and having a uniform thickness over the entire range. 1014b. The optical adhesive 1014c keeps the second piece 1014b fixed to the first piece 1014a. According to the illustrated implementation, the second piece 1014b is substantially centered with respect to the first piece 1014a and covers only a portion of the first piece 1014a.

  A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. Nevertheless, as will be understood, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

  For example, the (absolute and relative) size, shape, and configuration of the endoscope, and its various implementations, can vary widely. Also, other parts and sub-parts not explicitly disclosed herein may be used in conjunction with or added to the endoscope disclosed herein. Also, the disclosure herein may be adapted to various types of endoscope configurations, including, for example, stereoscopic endoscopes.

  In addition, concepts including, for example, the covers disclosed herein may be adapted for use with other applications not related to endoscopes.

  Although this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on any invention or what may be set forth in the claims, and should not be construed as limiting any particular embodiment of the particular invention. It should be construed as a description of a particular characteristic. Certain features described herein in the context of separate embodiments may be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments. Also, although features may be described above as functioning in a particular combination and may be so first described in the claims, one or more features of the combinations recited in the claims may Combinations described in the claims may be directed to sub-combinations or variations of sub-combinations.

  It should be understood that any relative terms used herein are merely provided for clarity in the particular embodiment being described. Relative terms are not intended to limit the scope of what is described to a particular location or orientation. Therefore, such relative terms should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.

  Other implementations are within the claims.

Claims (20)

A cannula for insertion into the patient's body,
A sole cover made of a transparent or translucent material extending over the distal end of the cannula, the cover having an outer surface and an inner surface opposite the outer surface;
A light source inside the cannula configured to emit light into the cover, at least in part, passing through the cover and illuminating an examination site within the patient's body;
An imaging system inside the cannula configured to receive light reflected from the examination site within the patient's body and returned to the endoscope through the cover.
In operation, a portion of the light emitted by the light source into the cover is internally reflected at the outer surface of the cover and recedes toward the inner surface of the cover;
The light source, the cover, and the imaging system may be configured such that any light internally reflected at the outer surface of the cover and receding toward the inner surface of the cover is directly, that is, without further internal reflection. Endoscopes configured with respect to each other so that they do not reach the light input of the endoscope.   The sole configuration of the cover, the light source, and the relative configuration of the imaging system ensures that none of the light internally reflected at the outer surface of the cover reaches the light input of the imaging system directly. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the endoscope is provided.   3. The cover of claim 2, wherein any portion of the cover through which the light internally reflects at the outer surface of the cover and recedes toward the inner surface of the cover does not comprise a translucent or non-transparent material. An endoscope according to claim 1.   Since the cover is formed of a single piece of the translucent or transparent material, separate parts or sections that can be easily separated from each other and reassembled in a predictable manner without breaking the single piece of material The endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the endoscope does not have a lens.   5. The endoscope according to claim 4, wherein the cover comprises two or more pieces that are glued or otherwise secured to each other.   The cover prevents the fluid outside the endoscope from entering or reaching the light source, and all of the light from the light source present on the outer surface of the cover reaches the inspection site and performs the inspection. 2. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the endoscope is coupled to the cannula so that it can illuminate a scene.   The endoscope according to claim 6, wherein the light present on the outer surface of the cover is configured to not impinge or block any portion of the endoscope including the cannula.   The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a light guide or a bundle of optical fibers configured to emit the light generated by a remote light generating device.   The endoscope of claim 8, further comprising an optical adhesive between a distal end of the light guide or bundle of optical fibers and the inner surface of the cover.   The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the cover is a single piece of translucent or transparent material.   The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the cover is configured to define at least one cavity facing the inside of the endoscope.   The endoscope according to claim 11, wherein the light source extends into the cavity.   The endoscope according to claim 12, wherein a distal end of the light source is adhered to a bottom surface of the cavity.   12. The endoscope according to claim 11, wherein a portion of the cover in front of the imaging system is thicker than a portion of the cover in front of the light source.   a) the angle at which the light is transmitted into the cover by the light source; b) the thickness of the portion of the cover in front of the imaging system; c) the thickness of the portion of the cover in front of the light source. And d) the distance between the light outlet of the light source and the light inlet of the imaging system is such that the light internally reflected at the outer surface of the cover and receding toward the inner surface of the cover is reduced to the interior of the cover. 15. The endoscope according to claim 14, wherein the endoscope is configured to prevent reaching a light input of the imaging system directly from reflection. The cover,
A first portion of the translucent or transparent material having a uniform thickness over the entire range;
A second portion of the translucent or transparent material thicker than the first piece, but still uniform in thickness over the entire range;
An optical adhesive for fixing the second piece to the first piece,
The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the second piece is substantially centered with respect to the first piece, and covers only a part of the first piece.   17. The method of claim 16, wherein a distal end of the light source is adhered to a portion of the first piece of translucent or transparent material that is not covered by the second piece of translucent or transparent material. Endoscope.   The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the cover is coupled to the cannula by a solder connection.   The inspection site within the patient's body includes space and objects around and near the distal end of the endoscope that can be illuminated and viewed by the endoscope, but excludes any portion of the endoscope itself. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein A cannula for insertion into the patient's body,
A single fully translucent or transparent cover extending over the distal end of the cannula, the cover having a first outer surface and a second inner surface;
A light source within the cannula configured to emit light to the distal end of the cannula, wherein a first portion of the light emitted to the distal end of the cannula passes through the cover. Illuminating an examination site within the patient's body, wherein a second portion of the light delivered to the distal end of the cannula enters the cover and is internally reflected at the first outer surface toward the second inner surface The light source,
An imaging system comprising optical elements inside the cannula that receives light reflected from the examination site within the patient's body and returned through the cover.
The cover, the light source, and the optical element are configured to receive the light transmitted to the distal end of the cannula, wherein the light is transmitted into the cover and internally reflected at the first outer surface toward the second inner surface. An endoscope configured such that the second portion does not reach the optical element directly, that is, without further internal reflection.

Images