JP2020507609A - アルコール使用障害の治療 - Google Patents
アルコール使用障害の治療 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020507609A JP2020507609A JP2019544620A JP2019544620A JP2020507609A JP 2020507609 A JP2020507609 A JP 2020507609A JP 2019544620 A JP2019544620 A JP 2019544620A JP 2019544620 A JP2019544620 A JP 2019544620A JP 2020507609 A JP2020507609 A JP 2020507609A
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- varenicline
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- bupropion
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Abstract
Description
本発明がより容易に理解され得るために、特定の用語および語句が本明細書において定義される。
・意図していたよりも多くのまたは長い飲酒となってしまった時がありましたか?
・飲酒を減らすかまたは止めることを望むかまたは試みたができなかったことが、一度よりも多くありましたか?
・飲酒に多くの時間を費やしましたか?または、具合が悪くなったりまたは後遺症を克服することに多くの時間を費やしましたか?
・渇望(飲酒への強い必要性または衝動)を経験しましたか?
・あなたの家庭または家族の世話が、飲酒で(または飲酒による体調不良で)頻繁に妨げられることがありましたか?または、仕事で問題を起こしましたか?または、学校のことで問題がありましたか?
・たとえ飲酒が家族または友達とのトラブルを引き起こしても、飲酒を継続しましたか?
・飲酒するために、あなたにとって重要であるかもしくは関心のある活動、または楽しみを与える活動を放棄または中止しましたか?
・飲酒の間または後に、怪我をする機会を増加させる状況へと陥ること(運転、水泳、機械類の使用、危険区域内の歩行、または安全でない性行為等)が、一度よりも多くありましたか?
・たとえ飲酒により憂鬱もしくは不安を感じるか、または別の健康問題を追加したとしても、飲酒を継続しましたか?または、記憶喪失が有った後でも?
・あなたが望む効果を得るために、あなたがかつて飲んだよりもはるかに多く飲酒をしなくてはいけませんでしたか?または、あなたの通常の飲酒の数では、以前よりもはるかに効果がなくなったと気付きましたか?
・アルコールの効果が減少していた時に、離脱症状(睡眠障害、震え、興奮性、不安、鬱、情動不安、吐き気、または発汗等)がありましたか?または、そこにないものを感じますか?
ラットおよびマウスにおいて得られた数多くの証拠は、エタノールおよびニコチンが類似するが同一でない薬理学的機構によって脳報酬系と相互作用することを実証する(Soderpalm et al.,2000;Soderpalm and Ericson,2013を参照)。したがって、側坐核(nAc;腹側線条体)における細胞外DAレベルの上昇をもたらす中脳辺縁系ドーパミン(DA)系のエタノールによる活性化は、前部腹側被蓋領域(VTA)におけるニコチン性アセチルコリン受容体(nAChR)に関与する(Blomqvist et al.1997;Ericson et al.,2008)。さらに、メカミルアミンの全身投与またはVTA中の部位特異的な注射のいずれかによるこれらの受容体の非特異的遮断は、ラットにおけるエタノールの摂取および嗜好性を低減する(Blomqvist et al.,1996;Ericson et al.,1998)。もともと、エタノールが実際はnAChRと相互作用し得るので、エタノールはnAChRとの直接的な干渉によってこれらの効果を生ずると考えられていた(Cardoso et al.,1999)が、後続する研究では、その関与は、むしろ間接的である可能性が高く、VTA中のアセチルコリンの遊離に起因することをと示した(Ericson et al.,2003;Larsson et al.,2005)。さらに、VTAに関与するnAChRのサブタイプは、α3、β3またはα6を含有するサブタイプであり(Larsson et al.,2004)、α4β2(それによってニコチンは中脳辺縁系DA系を活性化する)ではないように思われる(Corrigall et al.,1994;Picciotto et al.,1998;Larsson et al.,2002;Ericson et al.,2003)。興味深いことには、エタノールの薬理作用に関与する同じnAChRサブタイプは、エタノールキューに強化された行動に加えて、nAcにおけるエタノールキューに誘導されたDA放出にも関与するように思われる(Lof et al.,2007)。
A).覚醒状態の自由行動ラットにおけるインビボの微小透析を使用して、側坐核(nAc;脳報酬系の中央部位)におけるドーパミン放出に対するバレニクリンおよびブプロピオン(個別におよび組み合わせて)の効果を検証する実験。予備的データは、ブプロピオンの添加が、バレニクリンによって誘導されたドーパミン放出の増加を促進することを示す。ラットのnAcの中へ微小透析プローブを外科的に埋込み、それを2日後に灌流ポンプへ連結し、細胞外空間からの液体サンプリングを許容した。安定的なベースラインが得られた後に、バレニクリン(1.5mg/kg、皮下)またはブプロピオン(2.5mg/kg、腹腔内)または対照溶液を投与し、サンプリングを140分間継続した。図1で観察されるように、バレニクリンおよびブプロピオンの両方は、透析中の細胞外ドーパミンレベルを上昇させる。さらに、ブプロピオンが効果を生ずる限り、2つの薬物が組み合わせて与えられる場合に、この効果はバレニクリン効果に追加される。本発明者らは、高用量のブプロピオンがより長い作用継続期間を有し、バレニクリン効果に対する相加効果はそれに応じて延長されるだろうと予想する。
無作為化プラセボ対照二重盲検4群多施設臨床試験を使用して、プラセボに対する、バレニクリンおよびブプロピオン(個別に)ならびにバレニクリンおよびブプロピオンの組み合わせ対プラセボの、AUDに対する有効性を評価するだろう。
群2:被験体を無作為化してブプロピオン+プラセボを与える、
群3:被験体を無作為化してバレニクリン+ブプロピオンを与える、
群4:被験体を無作為化してプラセボ+プラセボを与える
年齢25〜75、男性および女性
最低5つの基準による、DSM基準に従うアルコール依存症
スクリーニングおよび無作為化時に、正のPEth分析(例えば、1日あたり約60gのアルコールに相当する0.5以上)によって測定される現在のアルコール消費量
現在の重度の身体疾患または精神疾患
不安定性高血圧性疾患(>140/90)を含む
胃バイパスまたは他の侵襲性肥満治療
BMI>30
研究結果に影響を及ぼす可能性のある併用薬
現在の鬱、不安症候群
神経精神病学的な診断
自殺傾向
過去5年以内の退薬痙攣
振戦譫妄、生涯の間
アルコールおよびニコチン以外の物質使用障害の診断
現在の薬物使用
上限3倍超の肝酵素(AST、ALT)値
血液中の特異的なアルコールマーカーホスファチジルエタノール(PEth)レベル
タイムラインフォローバック(TLFB)および自己報告質問票AUDITによって測定される、自己報告のアルコール消費
ビジュアルアナログスケール(VAS)によって測定される、アルコールへの渇望
血中濃度によって測定される、追加のアルコールマーカー炭水化物欠乏トランスフェリン(CDT)およびγ−グルタミルトランスフェラーゼ(GGT)
Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery(CANTAB)によって測定される、認知機能
血中コチニン濃度によって測定される、ニコチン使用
高感度C反応性タンパク質(hsCRP)によって測定される、炎症性変数
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Claims (12)
- それを必要とする被験体におけるアルコール使用障害の治療および/またはアルコール危険消費の治療における使用のための、有効量のバレニクリンおよび有効量のブプロピオンを含む組み合わせ。
- それを必要とする被験体におけるアルコール使用障害の治療および/またはアルコール危険消費の治療における使用のための、有効量のブプロピオンを含む組成物と組み合わせた、有効量のバレニクリンを含む組成物。
- それを必要とする被験体におけるアルコール使用障害の治療および/またはアルコール危険消費の治療における使用のための、有効量のバレニクリンを含む組成物と組み合わせた、有効量のブプロピオンを含む組成物。
- それを必要とする被験体におけるアルコール使用障害の治療および/またはアルコール危険消費の治療のための医薬品の製造における、有効量のバレニクリンおよび有効量のブプロピオンを含む組み合わせの使用。
- バレニクリンおよびブプロピオンが、連続投与、個別投与、および/または同時投与に好適な形態で提供される、先行請求項のいずれかに記載の、使用のための組み合わせ、使用のための組成物、または使用。
- それを必要とする被験体におけるアルコール使用障害の治療および/またはアルコール危険消費の治療の方法であって、有効量のバレニクリンおよび有効量のブプロピオンの組み合わせを前記被験体へ投与することを含む、方法。
- それを必要とする被験体におけるアルコール使用障害の治療および/またはアルコール危険消費の治療の方法であって、有効量のバレニクリンを前記被験体へ投与することを含み、前記被験体が有効量のブプロピオンによる治療を受けている、方法。
- それを必要とする被験体におけるアルコール使用障害の治療および/またはアルコール危険消費の治療の方法であって、有効量のブプロピオンを前記被験体へ投与することを含み、前記被験体が有効量のバレニクリンによる治療を受けている、方法。
- バレニクリンおよびブプロピオンが連続して、個別に、および/または同時に投与される、請求項6〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記有効量のバレニクリンが約0.1mg/日〜約5mg/日の範囲であり、任意選択的に、前記有効量のバレニクリンが約0.5mg/日〜約2mg/日の範囲である、先行請求項のいずれかに記載の、使用のための組み合わせ、使用のための組成物、使用、または方法。
- 前記有効量のブプロピオンが約25mg/日〜約600mg/日の範囲であり、任意選択的に、前記有効量のブプロピオンが約150mg/日〜約300mg/日の範囲である、先行請求項のいずれかに記載の、使用のための組み合わせ、使用のための組成物、使用、または方法。
- 前記被験体がヒトである、先行請求項のいずれかに記載の、使用のための組み合わせ、使用のための組成物、使用、または方法。
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