JP2020183328A - Block compost production method and block compost - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method for producing block compost and a block compost designed to stably supply fertilizer components to the soil.SOLUTION: A method for producing a block compost, comprising: a fermentation and composting step S1 in which composting materials consisted mainly of cow dung and auxiliary materials are fermented, and a block compost forming step S3 in which compost WO produced in the step S1 is compressed to form a block 10' that has a planar installation surface 21 for its installation on the ground GR. There is also provided a block compost 10 that is consisted mainly of composted cow dung and auxiliary materials and has a planar surface 21 for its installation of the block on the ground GR.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing block compost using cow dung, and a block compost containing composted cow dung and auxiliary materials as main materials.

In recent years, in fruit tree cultivation, the biennial bearing, in which the yield increases or decreases significantly every other year, has become a problem. It is believed that one of the major factors behind this biennial bearing is the soil preparation that has tended to be neglected in recent years. In orchards such as mandarin orange gardens, the soil is often squeezed hard due to heavy use of herbicides and mechanization, the aggregate structure collapses, and there are few microorganisms. The underground part in such a state is in an unhealthy state with few air layers and few microorganisms. For this reason, for example, mandarin orange trees cannot be rooted and cannot be absorbed even if high-quality fertilizer is supplied. In addition, even if basic management is performed on the ground, the tree vigor does not recover, but rather declines, and the biennial bearing may worsen. In particular, since organic matter (humus) is consumed every year from orchards such as mandarin orange gardens, regular replenishment of organic matter is indispensable.

Here, as a high-quality soil conditioner, cow dung compost, which has a great effect of improving soil water retention and fertilizer retention, has been conventionally used. Nitrogen contained in this cow dung compost is rarely available for crops in the year of application, and most of the poorly soluble nitrogen is accumulated in the soil, and the nitrogen accumulated in the soil is gradually supplied after the next crop. Will be done. Therefore, when used continuously, in addition to the nitrogen supplied from the compost applied in that year, nitrogen is also supplied from the compost applied up to the previous year. As a result, continuous use of cow dung compost increases soil fertility and increases nitrogen supply, so-called continuous use effect is recognized, and it is said that it is particularly effective in improving biennial bearings. Furthermore, livestock manure such as cow dung has been on the increase in recent years due to the expansion of livestock farmers' management, and proper return to farmland has become an important issue for reasons such as environmental conservation.

However, the supply of humus requires a large amount of compost, which is said to be 1.5 tons per 10 ares, and the heavy labor of carrying in a large amount of compost by truck and sprinkling it with a shovel while transporting it is forced. For this reason, the use of compost such as cow dung is decreasing, and the utilization rate of regional compost is also declining. Therefore, a cow dung compost molded product has been proposed in which an attempt is made to save labor by making it possible to spray it with a general fertilizer application machine (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and the like).

The cow dung compost molded product described in Patent Document 1 is a compost obtained by adding clay minerals, lime materials, etc. to cow dung, using a disc pelleter or the like, for example, having a diameter of about 2 to 5 mm and a height of 3 It is molded into pellets having a diameter of about 10 mm, granules having a particle size of about 2 to 5 mm, or briquettes having a diameter of about 2 to 50 mm. This makes it possible to apply fertilizer using a fertilizer application machine such as a broad caster or lime sowa, in an attempt to save labor.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-132488

However, in the cow dung compost molded product described in Patent Document 1, the fertilized state is not stable, for example, it scatters when pesticides are sprayed using a speed sprayer or the like. In addition, depending on the fertilized state, the fertilizer component contained in the compost may be completely eluted into the soil immediately after fertilization, or conversely, the fertilizer component may be dried before being eluted into the soil. It is difficult to supply fertilizer components to the soil.

In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing block compost and a block compost that have been devised to stabilize the supply of fertilizer components to soil.

The method for producing block compost of the present invention that solves the above object includes a fermentation composting step of fermenting and composting a compost material mainly composed of cow dung and auxiliary materials.
It is characterized by having a molding step of compressing the compost composted by the fermentation composting step and forming a block having a flat installation surface for mounting on the ground.

Here, composting refers to fermentation treatment for the purpose of maintaining and strengthening soil fertility and providing components that enhance productivity without causing growth disorders in crops. The compost material is not particularly limited, and general materials such as sawdust, rice husk, and rice straw can be used as the auxiliary material. The compost material may contain activated carbon of about several% by weight. By doing so, in addition to the deodorizing effect, the growth of microorganisms is promoted by the porous activated carbon, and the obstacle to continuous cropping of crops can be reduced. The fermentation composting step is not particularly limited, and general steps such as primary fermentation, secondary fermentation, crushing, drying, and stirring, which appropriately aerate and cut back, may be carried out. The block compost is preferably about several kg (for example, 2 to 6 kg) in consideration of installation stability and ease of transportation.

According to the method for producing block compost of the present invention, since the block compost has the flat installation surface, the installation state is stabilized by installing the installation surface on the ground, and the block compost is scattered by a speed sprayer or the like. The risk of getting rid of it is reduced. Further, the fertilizer component can be stably supplied to the soil from the installation surface installed on the ground. That is, it is possible to produce block compost capable of stably supplying fertilizer components to soil. Furthermore, by making it a block, transportation and fertilization work can be facilitated, and the work time can be shortened.

Further, in the method for producing block compost of the present invention, the molding step is a step of molding the cylindrical, truncated cone, conical, hemispherical or bullet-shaped block having the circular installation surface. Is preferable.

Here, the circular installation surface is a concept that includes not only a perfect circular installation surface but also a slightly elliptical installation surface. Further, from the viewpoint of the stability of the installation state of the block compost, the ratio of the diameter of the installation surface to the height of the block compost is preferably in the range of 5: 1 to 5: 3, and the ratio of 5: 2 is preferable. Especially preferable. Further, if the diameter of the installation surface is set to about 15 to 30 cm and the volume of the height included in the above ratio is secured, the fertilizer component is supplied to the soil for several years (for example, about 3 years) without drying to the inside. Becomes possible.

Here, if the block compost collapses during transportation or when it is installed on the ground, drying starts from the collapsed portion, and the period during which the fertilizer component can be supplied to the soil is shortened. If the molding step is a step of molding the cylindrical, truncated cone, conical, hemispherical, or bullet-shaped block having the circular installation surface, the molding step is the step of molding the block during transportation or when it is installed on the ground. It is possible to prevent the block compost from collapsing due to careless contact.

Further, in the method for producing block compost of the present invention, the molding step may be a step of applying a force to compress the portion of the compost to be the installation surface while applying a rotational force.

By doing so, the surfaces other than the installation surface are likely to harden, and while ensuring the supply of fertilizer components to the soil from the installation surface, the work such as transportation and installation becomes easy, and the surface is installed on the ground. It is possible to prevent inadvertent collapse of surfaces other than the installation surface.

Further, in the method for producing block compost of the present invention, a method may include a heating step of heating the surface of the block in parallel with the molding step or after the molding step, and the heating step may be performed. It is preferable to have a step of heating a surface of the block other than the installation surface.

By doing so, it is possible to secure the supply of the fertilizer component to the soil from the installation surface, make it easier for the surface other than the installation surface to harden, and suppress the elution of the fertilizer component from the surface other than the installation surface. it can.

Further, in the method for producing block compost of the present invention, it is preferable that the compost material contains Uchijo fungus.

Here, the inner castle fungus may be contained in the compost material in an amount of about 1% by weight.

Uchijo fungus has the property of activating at 80 ° C, and cooperates with soil fungi such as filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria to suppress crop diseases, increase yields, and tighten fruit trees. The effect is known. If the compost material contains Uchijo bacteria, the heat of fermentation (about 85 ° C) in the fermentation composting process will kill harmful substances, pathogens, weed seeds, etc., and the effects of Uchijo bacteria will be enhanced. It is maximized and the odor of compost can be reduced.

Further, in the method for producing block compost of the present invention, a solidifying agent adding step of adding a solidifying agent to the compost may be provided after the fermentation composting step and before the molding step. ..

Here, as the solidifying agent, biodegradable substances such as CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), glue, cornstarch, and starches are preferable.

Further, in the method for producing block compost of the present invention, there may be a solidification solvent spraying step of spraying the solidifying solvent onto the block after the heating step.

Here, as the solid solvent, a solvent in which biodegradable substances such as CMC, glue, cornstarch, and starches are dissolved in water or the like is preferable.

The block compost of the present invention that solves the above object is characterized in that it is a block-shaped compost that uses composted cow dung and auxiliary materials as main materials and has a flat installation surface for installation on the ground.

According to the block compost of the present invention, by installing the flat installation surface on the ground, the installation state is stabilized, and the possibility of scattering due to a speed sprayer or the like is reduced. Further, the fertilizer component can be stably supplied to the soil from the installation surface installed on the ground. That is, the fertilizer component can be stably supplied to the soil. Furthermore, by making it a block, transportation and fertilization work can be facilitated, and the work time can be shortened.

Further, in the block compost of the present invention, it is preferable that the surface other than the installation surface is hardened.

Here, the surfaces other than the installation surface may be hardened by heating or may be hardened by rubbing while applying pressure.

By doing so, the fertilizer component can be stably supplied to the soil from the installation surface installed on the ground while suppressing the elution of the fertilizer component from the portion other than the installation surface on the surface.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing block compost and a block compost that have been devised to stably supply fertilizer components to soil.

It is a perspective view which shows an example of the block compost of this invention. It is a top view which shows an example which arranges the block compost shown in FIG. 1 around a mandarin orange tree. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the manufacturing method of the block compost shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating an example of the molding process shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating an example of the heating process shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which installed the block compost produced by the manufacturing method of the block compost shown in FIG. 3 on the ground. It is a side view which shows the modification of the block compost shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows 2nd Embodiment of the manufacturing method of block compost. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating an example of the molding process shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, an embodiment of block compost used in a mandarin orange garden will be described as an example.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of block compost of the present invention.

The block compost 10 is cylindrical and has a flat and circular installation surface 21 which is the bottom surface in FIG. 1, a circular upper surface 23 which is paired with the installation surface 21, and a cylindrical side surface. It has a surface 2 composed of 22 and 2. As will be described in detail later, the block compost 10 is formed by molding compost mainly composed of cow dung and auxiliary materials into a block shape, and the surface 2 other than the installation surface 21 (upper surface 23 and side surface 22) is formed. , Hardened by heat treatment, etc. Further, in the block compost 10 of the present embodiment, the diameter D of the installation surface 21 and the upper surface 23 is set to about 25 cm, the height H of the side surface 22 is set to about 10 cm, and the weight is set to about 4 kg. By blocking in this way, transportation and fertilization work can be facilitated, and the work time can be shortened. Further, since the block compost 10 has a columnar shape, it can be prevented from collapsing due to careless contact during transportation or fertilization.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example in which the block compost shown in FIG. 1 is arranged around a mandarin orange tree.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, one block compost 10 (four in total) is arranged vertically and horizontally in a plan view with respect to the mandarin tree W. In each block compost 10, the installation surface 21 shown in FIG. 1 is installed on the ground GR. If the block compost 10 having the above-mentioned size is used, the installation state is stable and the possibility of scattering due to a speed sprayer or the like is reduced. As described above, in the present embodiment, the diameter D of the installation surface 21 is set to about 25 cm, and the ratio of the diameter D of the installation surface 21 to the height H of the block compost 10 is set to 5: 2. The condition is very stable. Further, since the block compost 10 has a columnar shape, it can be prevented from collapsing due to careless contact when it is installed on the ground GR.

In such a stable installation state, the fertilizer component can be supplied to the soil G for several years (for example, about 3 years) (see FIG. 6). As shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 2, the position of the block compost 10 may be changed periodically. Further, the number of block compost 10 is not limited to four, and three block compost 10 may be arranged at intervals of 120 degrees with respect to the mandarin tree W, or five or more block compost 10 may be arranged. You may.

The shape of the block compost 10 is preferably in the range of 5: 1 to 5: 3 in the ratio of the diameter D of the installation surface 21 to the height H of the side surface 22 from the viewpoint of stability in the installation state. Further, if the diameter D of the installation surface 21 is set to about 15 to 30 cm and the volume of the height H included in the above ratio is secured, the soil G (see FIG. 6) is not dried to the inside of the block compost 10 for several years. ) Can be supplied with fertilizer components. Further, the block compost 10 is preferably about 2 to 6 kg in consideration of installation stability and ease of transportation.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the method for producing the block compost shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the block compost production method S, first, a fermentation composting step of fermenting a compost material containing cow dung and an auxiliary material as a main material to compost is carried out (step S1). The compost material is not particularly limited, but in the present embodiment, about 50% of cow dung, about 46% of sawdust as an auxiliary material, about 3% of activated carbon, and about 1% of Uchijo bacteria are mixed as a weight ratio. I am using something. As the water content of each material, for example, cow dung of about 70%, sawdust of about 30%, activated carbon of about 15%, and Uchijo fungus of about 15% can be used. Further, as the auxiliary material, rice husk, rice straw and the like may be used in addition to sawdust.

This compost material is subjected to primary fermentation and secondary fermentation while appropriately aerating and turning back at a fermentation compost house, etc., and then stirred, crushed and dried at a drying facility, etc., for general fermentation. Perform a composting process to compost. The water content of the obtained compost is adjusted to, for example, about 40 to 42% by drying or watering. If the water content of the compost is too large, the specific gravity becomes large and the air permeability is impaired, and the microorganisms cannot take in the necessary oxygen. On the other hand, if the water content of the compost is too low, the microorganisms cannot act.

By this fermentation composting step (S1), the growth of aerobic bacteria can be promoted, and harmful substances, pathogenic bacteria, weed seeds and the like can be killed by high temperature fermentation at about 85 ° C. In addition, the effect of Uchijo bacteria activated at 80 ° C. is maximized, and the odor of compost can be reduced. Furthermore, the activated carbon also reduces the odor of compost, and the porous activated carbon promotes the growth of microorganisms, which can reduce the obstacles to continuous cropping.

Next, in the present embodiment, the solidifying agent addition step of adding the solidifying agent to the compost is carried out (step S2). In the present embodiment, CMC is used as the solidifying agent, but it is not particularly limited as long as it is biodegradable, and glue, cornstarch, starches and the like may be used instead of CMC. it can. The CMC may be added in an amount of about 0.1% by weight with respect to the compost.

Next, a molding step of compressing the compost and molding the block is carried out (step S3). FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of the molding process shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 4, the mold 3 is used in the molding process of the present embodiment. The mold 3 has a bottom mold 31, a cylindrical body mold 32 provided on the bottom mold 31, and a movable mold 33 movably arranged in the body mold 32. The body type 32 may be divided into a plurality (for example, three).

First, with the movable mold 33 removed, a predetermined amount of compost WO is filled in the space defined by the bottom mold 31 and the body mold 32. In the present embodiment, the inner diameter of the body mold 32 is set to 25 cm, and the filling amount of the compost WO is adjusted so that the height H (see FIG. 1) after the molding step (S3) is about 10 cm.

Then, the movable type 33 is placed on the filled compost WO, and is compressed with a force of, for example, about 5 to 6 tons as shown by a white arrow. This compression may be performed a plurality of times (for example, a few times). As a result, on the surface 2 of the block compost 10 shown in FIG. 1, a block (block) having an installation surface 21, a portion to be an upper surface 23 (upper surface precursor portion 23'), and a portion to be a side surface 22 (side surface precursor portion 22'). Compost precursor 10') is formed. By this molding step (S3), the portion to be the installation surface (installation surface precursor portion 21') is compressed to complete the installation surface 21.

Next, a heating step of heating the surface of the block is carried out (step S4). FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of the heating process shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, with the body mold 32 and the movable mold 33 (see FIG. 4) removed, the upper surface precursor portion 23'and the side surface precursor portion 22'are heated as shown by the black arrows. That is, in the heating step (S4), the surface 2 other than the installation surface 21 of the block compost precursor 10'is heated. The heating means is not particularly limited, and heating may be performed at about 200 ° C. using, for example, a heater or the like.

By this heating step (S4), the upper surface 23 and the side surface 22 which are baked and hardened are formed as shown by darkening the color in the figure. In particular, in the present embodiment, since CMC is added by the solidifying agent addition step (S2), the upper surface 23 and the side surface 22 can be efficiently solidified. In FIG. 5, the heating step (S4) is carried out with the block compost precursor 10'mounted on the bottom mold 31, but the heater is carried out with the block compost precursor 10'lifted from the bottom mold 31. It may be heated by the like.

The solidifying agent addition step (S2) shown in FIG. 3 is omitted, and as shown by the alternate long and short dash line, the solidifying solvent is sprayed onto the block compost precursor 10'after the heating step (S4). A spraying step may be carried out (step S5). In this solidification solvent spraying step (S5), while the block compost precursor 10'heated in the heating step (S4) is hot, biodegradable substances such as CMC, glue, cornstarch, and starch are dissolved in water or the like. The solidified solvent is sprayed onto the top surface precursor portion 23'and the side surface precursor portion 22'. By doing so, the block compost 10 having the upper surface 23 and the side surface 22 solidified can be produced.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the block compost produced by the method for producing the block compost shown in FIG. 3 is installed on the ground.

As shown in FIG. 6A, when the block compost 10 is installed on the ground GR, the fertilizer component of the compost WO is supplied to the soil G from the unsolidified installation surface 21. As shown in FIG. 6B, the volume of the block compost 10 gradually decreases and is crushed with the lapse of a period, but the fertilizer component for the soil G is several years until the block compost 10 is completely crushed. Supply will continue. Since the block compost 10 has an installation surface 21, the installation state on the ground GR is stable. Further, in the present embodiment, since the upper surface 23 and the side surface 22 are hardened, the elution of the fertilizer component from the upper surface 23 and the side surface 22 is suppressed. As a result, the stable supply of the fertilizer component can be continued to the soil G.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a modified example of the block compost shown in FIG. In the modification described below, the differences from the block compost 10 shown in FIG. 1 will be mainly described, and the components having the same names as the components in the block compost 10 shown in FIG. The explanation will be given with the reference numerals, and duplicate explanations may be omitted.

The block compost of the present invention may be a truncated cone-shaped block compost 11 having a circular installation surface 21 as shown in FIG. 7A, or a circular installation surface as shown in FIG. 7B. It may be a conical block compost 12 having 21. Further, as shown in FIG. 7C, a hemispherical block compost 13 having a circular installation surface 21 may be used, or as shown in FIG. 7D, a cannonball-shaped compost having a circular installation surface 21. It may be block compost 14. The block compost 13 shown in FIG. 7 (c) and the block compost 14 shown in FIG. 7 (d) may both form a flat upper surface 23 as shown by the alternate long and short dash line. If the block composts 11 to 14 of these modified examples are adopted, it becomes easy to evenly apply the compressive force in the molding step (S3) shown in FIG.

Next, the block compost 10 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 and the second embodiment of the block compost manufacturing method S will be described. In the second embodiment described below, the differences from the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 will be mainly described, and the names of the components in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 will be the same. The components of the name will be described with the reference numerals used so far, and duplicate description may be omitted.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of a method for producing block compost.

As shown in FIG. 8, in the block compost production method 2S of the second embodiment, the solidifying agent addition step (S2) and the heating step (S4) in the block compost production method S of the first embodiment shown in FIG. ) And are omitted.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of the molding process shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 9A, in the molding step (S3), the mold 3 is arranged so that the body mold 32 is turned sideways. Further, the mold 3 includes a movable mold 33 and an open / close mold 34 provided so as to be openable and closable at a portion facing the movable mold 33. In the block compost manufacturing method 2S, in the compost WO filled in the mold 3, the portion in contact with the movable mold 33 is the portion to be the installation surface (installation surface precursor portion 21'), and the portion in contact with the open / close mold 34 is. It becomes a portion to be the upper surface (upper surface precursor portion 23'). Then, as shown by a straight white arrow and a white arrow indicating rotation, the movable mold 33 is compressed by applying a force while applying a rotational force. That is, the installation surface precursor portion 21'in the compost WO is compressed by applying a force while applying a rotational force. Here, the movable type 33 is provided with means such as protrusions and grooves that act as resistance to the installation surface precursor portion 21'and can grasp the installation surface precursor portion 21'. As a result, the upper surface precursor portion 23'and the side surface precursor portion 22'are rubbed by applying a rotational force while being pressed against the body mold 32 and the opening / closing mold 34, respectively. As a result, solid upper surface 23 and side surface 22 can be formed, as shown in darker colors in the figure.

Then, as shown in FIG. 9B, if the open / close mold 34 is opened and the movable mold 33 is further pushed in, the block compost 15 can be easily taken out.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing block compost and a block compost that have been devised to stably supply a fertilizer component to soil.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the embodiment in which the upper surface 23 and the side surface 22 are solidified by the heating step S4 or the like has been described as an example, but it is not always necessary to solidify the upper surface 23 and the side surface 22. However, if the aspect of solidifying the upper surface 23 and the side surface 22 is adopted, the fertilizer component of the compost WO is less likely to elute from the upper surface 23 and the side surface 22, and the period for supplying the fertilizer component from the block compost 10 to the soil G is extended. Can be done. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the heating step S4 is carried out after the molding step S3, but a mold having a heating function may be adopted and the molding step S3 and the heating step S4 may be carried out in parallel.

It should be noted that even if the constituent requirements are included only in the description of each embodiment and each modified example described above, the constituent requirements may be applied to other embodiments or other modified examples.

10 to 15 block compost 2 surface 21 installation surface 21'installation surface precursor part 22 side surface 22'side surface precursor part 23 top surface 23'top surface precursor part 3 type 31 bottom type 32 body type 33 movable type 34 open / close type G soil GR ground S block How to make compost WO compost

Claims (10)

Fermentation composting process that ferments and composts compost material mainly made of cow dung and auxiliary materials
A method for producing block compost, which comprises a molding step of compressing the compost composted by the fermentation composting step and forming a block having a flat installation surface for mounting on the ground. The block compost according to claim 1, wherein the molding step is a step of molding the cylindrical, truncated cone, conical, hemispherical or bullet-shaped block having the circular installation surface. Production method. The method for producing block compost according to claim 2, wherein the molding step is a step of applying a force while applying a rotational force to the portion of the compost to be the installation surface. The method for producing block compost according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a heating step of heating the surface of the block in parallel with the molding step or after the molding step. The method for producing block compost according to claim 4, wherein the heating step is a step of heating a surface of the block other than the installation surface. The method for producing block compost according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the compost material contains Uchijo fungus. The invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a solidifying agent adding step of adding a solidifying agent to the compost after the fermentation composting step and before the molding step. How to make block compost. The method for producing block compost according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising a solidification solvent spraying step of spraying the solidifying solvent onto the block after the heating step. A block compost that is mainly composed of composted cow dung and auxiliary materials and has a flat installation surface for installation on the ground. The block compost according to claim 9, wherein a surface other than the installation surface is hardened.

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