JP2020165305A - Shelter for evacuation - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a shelter for evacuation capable of being used in reality.SOLUTION: The small shelter saves the size and weight of a container 1 capable of being floating on a water surface with a person as much as possible so that it can be handled only by a man power, it becomes a shelter which is difficult to capsize due to water immersion by arranging a removable float 2 and it becomes a shelter for protecting the body from house collapse in earthquake and useful in earthquake and flood damage.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

This invention relates to an evacuation shelter that provides a means of survival in the event of an earthquake or flood disaster.

Various natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, tsunamis, and floods have occurred in Japan, an island country. In Japan, where mountainous areas occupy 70% of the land area, most people live on a small amount of flat land on the water's edge. Tsunamis, spring tides, and typhoons cause flooding on the coast, and heavy rains and guerrilla rainstorms on the riverside. These can cross or break embankments, causing flood damage to the basin. In addition, landslides and landslides destroy residential areas, shopping areas, roads, railways, bridges, towns, villages, schools, shelters, etc. and flow down. Natural phenomena shake, shave, crumble, destroy what people have built up, and even kill them. In response to this issue, people have made various efforts such as increasing durability and strength, and have fought hard. However, beyond this effort, recent disasters are large, powerful, and frequent, costing large numbers of people. It is physically impossible to confront the enormous amount of natural energy, but I want to create a means to save life.

JP-A-2017-171265 Flood-damaged sheller. JP 2015-217932 Tsunami lifesaving shelter boat. JP-A-2015-193373 Multiple hatch abbreviated box type sheller. JP 2017-217990 Tsunami evacuation floating body. Patent No. 6178297 Evacuation shelter

Akira 59-158595 Lifesaving Cielter

Disaster archipelago Various disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, tsunamis, and floods have occurred in Japan. People have dealt with disasters with various ingenuity, but various types of disasters occur frequently, become more powerful, and afflict people. The power of natural phenomena is powerful, but only life is something we want to save. In the 4.6 billion-year history of the earth's birth, the world population, which was only 300 years ago and was 1 billion, is now about to be eight times as large. Who would have imagined that the time would come when the sum of human behavior would defeat the tremendous natural purification capacity of the mother earth. Ozone depletion, global warming, sea level rise, permafrost melting. Natural providence does not lie. Even today, after it has been pointed out by scholars and researchers that the total sum of human behavior exceeds the natural purification capacity of the mother's global environment, disposable products are still being developed and newly released. Is it the alarm bell? Even today, when such disasters occur frequently, evacuation measures in the event of a flood are not very effective except for the early collection and transmission of information. With information, it's best to escape to a safe place in your spare time. However, it is a fact of the world that there is a delay in escape in any world. Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, many shelters for tsunami have been proposed. There are various types of boxes and spheres that are strong enough to withstand the impact of a tsunami, from large to small, but many of them are unsuitable and unrealistic for home use. It would be impossible to deal with the situation where the buildings, ships, automobiles, tanks, etc., which were projected in the tsunami image of the Great East Japan Earthquake, were crowded and rushed like a rage, and the violent waves that turned the world upside down. , There are also floods that are not so. For example, in a place where a levee breaks and is damaged by inundation, a torrent may occur near the place of the breach, but in a distant place, big waves do not rise, but inundation may approach. Such places are wider. The present invention is an invention that is useful in such cases, is easy to spread, and is easy to use.

Let me be specific. Large-scale and large-scale items are expensive to produce, so individuals cannot own, have, buy, or buy. Also, things that take up space cannot be placed near the house. I can't get in from the disaster area.

There are many spherical shelters because they think they are durable, but because of the storage space, many of them are small and cramped, so they can't ride for a long time, and people can ride with their bodies stretched out. If it is a sphere of a size, the buoyancy is too large and the floating sphere rotates, making it difficult to control the attitude. You will have to maintain your posture with extra objects such as weights to lower the center of gravity, which will increase the weight of the product and increase the elements that are difficult to handle manually, such as transportation, movement, and installation. Imagine going in and out of the hatch, which is the entrance to the sphere, and it is easy to imagine whether it is possible to get into a sphere that is difficult to stabilize and stand still when the water surface is rippling. To.

There is also a question as to whether the size of the shelter can be handled by human power, as opposed to the size and ability of the human body. First of all, I think that the weight is limited to about 30 kg for an adult to handle alone. Even if two people handle it, it will be 50 kg. When used with a winch, tow truck, crane, etc., it cannot be used in an emergency, and there is no such machine or equipment in ordinary households or disaster sites. Many of the ideas in patent gazettes do not capture reality. When an adult with a height of 170 cm throws his legs out and sits on the floor inside the spherical container, which is a shelter, it has a horizontal length of at least 110 cm, and when the toes are extended, it takes about 120 cm. The volume of a sphere with a diameter of 120 cm is 0.9158 ㎥, and the buoyancy will be about 900 kilograms even after subtracting the weight of the shelter. Since 120 cm is the inner diameter length (diameter) of the center of the sphere (center of the sphere), you cannot sit on the bottom of the sphere even if you bend your body, so if you sit on a hemisphere that divides the sphere in two by the horizon Is easier, but the hemisphere is unstable to float on the water and will flip in the middle of the float.

After all, in order to make it stable without reversing or overturning, the stabilizing element of the floating body, that is, the metacenter (the center of inclination of the floating object, that is, the line of action of buoyancy when tilted is the line of action of buoyancy at the equilibrium position. Since the point of intersection with the floating object must be higher than the center of gravity of the floating object, there is no choice but to make it a large sphere, and there is a device to widen the bottom area like a Japanese boat or lower the center of gravity.

As the next task, even if a person enters an existing shelter such as a box or a sphere and is saved and drifts, then when considering why to escape and who will help, this is also There are many challenges. Evacuation as to whether the victims who boarded the shelter can grasp the situation around them, how they will behave, how they will behave if they are swept offshore by the tsunami and if no one can find them. When one thinks about whether one can actively take some action by using one's own power, a clear answer cannot be seen.

In addition, there are many doubts when considering whether it is easy to use and handle, and whether it is easy to understand and what the purchase price is. As an evacuation shelter, if the user (individual) does not want to buy it, the idea is a theoretical theory and an empty theory. It is not possible to actually use it only by the theory without a product. There is almost no possibility that a large amount of money will be spent on things that may not be used for a lifetime. Unless it makes the user want to actually buy it, it will not spread to the world. This case is an invention that puts the ease of popularization first.

Even in modern times, where it is said that the Tonankai-oki earthquakes can occur at any time, the lack of effective evacuation means is a major issue that must be resolved immediately.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-171265 of Patent Document 1 The flood damage shelter encloses the space where evacuees enter with a bag containing gas to make it a float and cushion.

Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-217932 Tsunami lifesaving shell boat is a combination of an upper capsule and a lower capsule at the flange using bolts and nuts.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-193373 of Patent Document 3 The multiple hatch substantially box-type shelter is a shelter that can be stored in a closet, etc., and has multiple hatch doors at the top and bottom so that either door can be opened or closed by changing the water level. Thing.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-217990 The floating body for tsunami evacuation of Patent Document 4 seems to aim to be portable, but the diameter of the three-dimensional body converted into a sphere is 50 cm to 110 cm. This is difficult to understand, so when I converted it to a cylinder with a height of 1.8 m, the diameter was 22 cm to 72 cm. No one can fit in a cylinder with a diameter of 22 cm, and even if it is 72 cm, it will not be able to move if three adults fit in it. Therefore, it is impossible to take the active evacuation behavior of the present invention.

Patent No. 6178297 of Patent Document 5 The evacuation shelter is a prior invention for which I have a patent right. There is also a problem with this, first of all, there is an entrance on the side, and when entering and exiting, the container will be in a standing state. That means that the container goes in and out on the ground, not in the water. To go in and out with the container floating on the surface of the water, you have to lay the container down. In order to put it in a laid container and put it in a vertical state, some ingenuity and means are required to change the center of gravity, but I can't think of an easy solution. This is incompatible with the present invention, which aims for easy handling in order to facilitate its widespread use.

Non-Patent Document 1 Jitsukai Sho 59-158595 Lifesaving shelter is a shelter attached to the hull, and the viewpoint is different from this case.

All of the above, I can't find anything that solves the ease of dissemination listed in the problem that the invention is trying to solve.

This case is an improvement of my invention, Patent Document 5. Patent Document 5 has an entrance / exit on the side surface, and when entering / exiting, the container is in a standing state. That means that the container goes in and out on the ground, not in the water. To go in and out with the container floating on the surface of the water, you have to lay the container down. In order to stand in a sleeping container, it is necessary to change the center of gravity, and some ingenuity and means are required. This is incompatible with the present invention, which aims for easy handling in order to facilitate its widespread use. Therefore, I thought that it would be easier and more rational to get in and out from the top of the container, which is the present invention. The idea of the present invention is to make it easy to handle with a simple mechanism that keeps floating in the air. Objects with large buoyancy are hard to sink, but they also have a large volume, so they require power and power to handle. In Patent Document 5, since the entire body fits inside the container, the volume of the container is inevitably large. This is also common to large containers that can hold multiple people. It will be inside the shelter and waiting for the tsunami. Such unrealistic things are not adopted. Therefore, the present invention has made it possible to enter and exit only from the upper surface of the container so that it can be easily handled in various cases. The entire upper surface of the container may be used as an opening, or the upper surface may be covered with a hatch and a lid may be attached. If there is no lid, you can prevent the ingress of waves by installing a film or sheet that can cover it. Since you can lean out from the top, you can also handle oars and turrets. I will explain the reason why I came up with this idea. When you are unfortunately encountered a natural disaster with great power, you cannot escape without some means of evacuation. Power and physical strength are also important, but for forces that are too large to compare physical quantities, some means of physical escape is required. Even when confronting a disaster with enormous power, there are naturally limits to the size, weight, and things that humans can handle. The storage space is also important. It is a work that floats on the surface of the water. There is a drum can as a familiar example of a large container, but the capacity of the drum can is about 200 liters, the inner diameter is about 59 cm and the height is 89 cm, so it is full if one adult can enter, and the head does not enter, it remains popped out. However, it has more than 200 kilograms of buoyancy. The container weight is less than 30 kilograms. When a person with a height of 175 cm and a weight of 70 kg bends his legs, enters in a bent posture and floats on the surface of the water, the vertically long drum can collapses and floats on the surface of the water in a horizontally long state. The human being inside cannot control the posture of lying down, lying down, or escape. This is because it is packed in a container space with a small gap. It cannot drift in this state, it will capsize and flood immediately. You cannot easily escape. As this example shows, the volume of the container that can be changed in body posture and stored in the extended state requires a larger one, which makes it bulky and large. If you make a small horizontal container for one person, such as a rowing boat in an amusement park, it is easy to sleep, but if you do not put a ceiling on it, waves will come in and It is easily overturned and flooded, and if a ceiling is attached, it is an obstacle and unsuitable for active actions. Evacuation behavior while drifting should always look for opportunities to be saved. For this purpose, it is necessary to have a container shape that does not get tired even when awake and can maintain a comfortable posture. For that purpose, a sitting position is required, and when acting, a container that can stand is required.

In claim 1, as shown in FIG. 10, a berthing holding means (9) (moyai) is provided in a container (1) in which a person can enter and exit from the upper surface of the container and can carry a person and float on the water surface. It is an evacuation shelter characterized by having a rope (16) (hereinafter referred to as a container), a hook rod (11), or both). A rope is a rope that moored a boat on a quay. A hook rod is a rod with a hook, a hook, and a hook at the end of the rod. Boats are generally moored by connecting the rope to some object and are moored without being kidnapped or swept away by the waves. When a person gets into a boat, if he kicks the ground and gets into the boat, a large boat with a large inertia does not move much, but a small boat moves easily due to the inertia of the person. This is because there is almost no frictional resistance on the surface of the water, so small boats and shelters with small inertia easily move in the direction in which the force works when they receive a force or inertial force due to the posture of the person getting on and off. .. This phenomenon also occurs when boarding an evacuation shelter.

If the evacuation shelter is large, it will not move even if one person gets in, but the invention shelter assumes that one to four to five evacuees will get in. Therefore, the weight of the shelter is expected to be about 20 kg to 30 kg. It is about the weight of an existing rubber boat. Someone needs to catch an inflatable raft to get on an inflatable raft that is floating on the surface of the water without being moored. If you try to board an uncaptured inflatable raft on a pier or without railings, you will usually fall, and as soon as you put one foot on it, the boat will slip out and the passenger will fall on the water in a wide open position. To do. This is a lesson I learned in the experiment.

When boarding an evacuation shelter in the event of a flood, the conditions will be worse, there will be currents and waves. In order to board under such circumstances, it is an absolute requirement to moor and stop the shelter. However, when I examine the existing technology, the material does not come out at all. Perhaps few people are thinking about it. An example will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, both ends of one rope (16) having a length of about 10 m are A and B, the A end is connected to the container (1) which is a shelter, and the B end is of a tree, a handrail, or a pillar. Pass through the back and return to the Sielter side. While holding the rope on the B end side in your hand and pulling it, gradually release the force and lower the shelter to the surface of the water. Next, turn backwards, pull the rope on the B end side, and push the sielter toward the land side with your feet, with your back facing the water surface side, and board the sielter. Then carry another evacuee. Even if you ride at the end, some of the evacuees need to pull the rope to push the shelter to the land side. At this time, if a net is provided on the inner wall of the shelter, you can get off by hooking your foot on the net.

The same applies when the hook rod (11) is used instead of the rope. Take out the hook rod (11) to be loaded into the container (1), hook the hook at the tip of the rod on a tree, a plant, etc. on land, grasp the hook rod (11), and get into the sielter. If there are no trees, plants, etc., hook the hook on the fence, handrail, etc., if there is no tree, swing the hook down toward the ground and pierce it, like when cultivating a field with a hoe, use the hook rod (11). Swing it up and swing it down toward the ground, and the hook pierces the ground. Grasp this pierced hook rod and pull it into the sheller. It can also be pierced into stone wall joints and rock crevices. If the hook rod (11) is provided with an expansion / contraction function such as a fishing rod, even a long object can be stored and stored in a small shelter.

When all the members have boarded, release the B end of the rope and pull the A end side of the one connected to the shelter. The rope slips through trees, handrails, and behind pillars, and the mooring is released. If the hook rod (11) is stuck in the ground, shake it to pull it out. Then Sielter can leave the shore.

Pull the rope, tie a hook rod (11) with a float to the end of the rope B, which has nothing attached, and store the rope once. When it is drifted to the calm water surface, the hook rod (11) at the end of the rope B and the float are flushed offshore. When the rescue helicopter discovers this shelter, it will drop the helicopter's hooked rope and flush it to the surface. Then, it is connected to the shelter and floats, and it is caught by the floating rope, and when it is pulled further, the hooks engage with each other, and the tensile force is transmitted, increasing the possibility of rescue. Also, if the evacuees themselves berth somewhere without being rescued, they can get off in the reverse order of boarding when going up to land. It may be difficult for anyone other than experienced people to understand, but getting on and off the pier without facilities is a very difficult act. If you reach a cliff or land that is not shallow, reach the land and kick the boat or the sielter body with your foot, the water surface will have little friction, so the boat will fall back and you will not be able to climb. is there. Even when landing, the shelter must always be attracted to the land side. In this way, the berthing holding means (9) is important and is an absolutely necessary means when getting on and off the shelter alone.

By using a resin such as polyethylene with a specific gravity of about 1 for the material of the container (1), a light weight can be made, and if it is a small one for one person, about 10 kg can be made, so even elderly people can do it. Can be handled. Metal can be durable, but heavier. Polycarbonate is relatively light and durable.

A second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a float attaching means (3) is provided on the outer periphery of the container (1) so that the float (2) faces the water surface position. The evacuation shelter described. If the bulky float (2) and container (1) are integrated, it is inconvenient to store and transport, so they can be separated. In order for evacuees to be evacuated and drifted in a state where they can be actively rescued, they must be in a sitting or standing position rather than in a sleeping position. Based on this I thought, the shape of the container as small as possible did not become a sphere. The float (2) can be something like a basketball or a donut shape. You may make a donut-shaped float made of rubber or resin and equip it. It is also possible to connect a plurality of plastic floats used in the fishing industry to a tension string (5) wound around the outer circumference of the container (1). There is also a method of making a donut-shaped float whose inner diameter is matched to the outer circumference of the container (1), dividing the float into several pieces, and connecting the donut-shaped float to a tension string (5) wound around the outer circumference of the container (1). There is also a method of putting the float (2) in the net (8) bag and tying the net to the tension string (5). See Figures 2, 3 and 4.

In order to make the container smaller, it is necessary to minimize the gap between the evacuees' body and the container. Moreover, it is necessary to maintain an operating space for evacuation behavior. The shape is not a shape with a long horizontal length like a small boat, but a shape that matches the height direction in the vertical direction. In that case, the horizontal distance between the center of buoyancy and the position of the center of gravity is small. That means it's easy to fall. Therefore, a float was provided on the outer circumference of the container. I earned a horizontal distance between the center of gravity and the buoyancy position. It is the same reasoning as the dugout canoe outrigger used by the marine people who crossed the ocean in ancient times. It resists the overturning moment.

However, when the float is fixed to the container, its height position is also fixed, so if the weight of the evacuees inside the container changes, the float's buoyancy may not work. For example, let's assume that when three evacuees enter the container, the water level outside the container is 60 cm above the bottom of the container. It is assumed that the float (2) is floating at that position in a state where it is sunk by about 1/4 of the float volume. Then, even if the container shakes, the buoyancy of the float works, which helps prevent it from tipping over. See FIG.

But what if there was only one evacuee? The lightened container floats and the water surface moves down. This is because the container also has buoyancy. The float floats in the air and buoyancy does not work. What if there are 6 evacuees? The entire float sinks into the water, and the vessel is supported and floated by being pushed up by the float, and then reacts sensitively to the movement of the water level. The posture of the container fluctuates even with a slight wave, and it sways. The evacuees inside are constantly shaken and cannot stay calm. Buoyancy below the center of gravity does not maintain a stable posture.

Ideally, the float (2) does not sink into the water as a whole, but is landed and buoyancy works only when the container shakes. The relationship between the float, container, buoyancy, tensile strength of the tension cord (5), and size shape will be a research subject in pursuit of ideal size, size, shape, etc., but the basic idea. I hope you understand.

In claim 3, the evacuation shelter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer peripheral wall surface of the container (1) has an inverted cone and an inverted pyramid with a downward dent taper shape. The specific gravity of the human body is close to 1, which is almost the same as water. Since there is a gap between the evacuee's body and the container, it is air. This gap space becomes a force to lift the container as a whole, and the buoyancy below the center of gravity becomes the force to overturn the container. Therefore, the smaller one is more advantageous for fall prevention. In this sense, the tapered container is shaped to reduce the horizontal area of the container in order to reduce the volume inside the container at your feet. See part of FIG.

In claim 4, the float attaching means (3) refers to the container (1) and the float (2) as a string or rope (hereinafter referred to as a tensile string (5)) such as a rubber string to which a tensile force is applied. ) Is the two types of means described below. The first is a tapered shape with a concave outer wall surface, and a tension string (5) is wound horizontally around the outer circumference of the container and tied to the tension string (5). It is a means of connecting a plurality of floats (2). See Figures 1 and 6.

The second means is a combination of a guide (21) and a guide groove (20) connected to a tension string (5) pulled from the lower end of the container (1), and the container (1) and the guide groove (1). 20), the float (2) and the guide (21) are connected, respectively, and the guide groove (20) and the guide (21) are fitted and connected by the means, and the container (1) and the float (2) connected by the means. There is an evacuation shelter according to any of claims 2 and 3.

Both types of means can be used for tapered containers. First, wrap the tension cord (5) horizontally around the small size below the outer circumference of the tapered container and connect it. Tie multiple floats (2) to the tension string (5). For items such as basketball with a float (2) that has no opponent to tie, put the basketball in a net (net (8)) bag and tie the net bag to a drawstring (5), or use a net bag. It is easy if you insert the tension string (5) into the net. Take measures to prevent loss, such as providing a loss prevention string on the tension string (5).

The second is a combination of a guide groove (20) and a guide (21), with the container (1) and float (2) connected to each other, and the guide groove (20) and guide (21) fitted together. Figure 6 shows the situation with a figure and a detailed view. The tension string (5) should be provided with measures such as a fall-out prevention string.

In the first case, the float (2) is on the surface of the water, but the container (1) sinks deeply when the number of evacuees boarding is large. When the container (1) is submerged in water, the float (2) is buoyant and floats. Since the float (2) is connected to the tension string (5) wound around the outer circumference of the container, the tension string (5) is pulled upward. Then, since the outer peripheral dimension of the container (1) becomes large, the tension string (5) is pulled strongly and the tensile force also becomes large, and the force for tightening the container (1) also increases. At the place where this force is balanced, the tension string (5) comes to rest, and the float (2) also stops and becomes fixed. The opposite is true when the load is low. Even if the load applied to the container (1) changes, the float (2) is connected to the container (1) while moving up and down around the outer circumference of the container (1).

In the case of the second means, the outer peripheral wall surface of the container (1) is not a downwardly recessed taper, but in the case of a cylinder or a square cylinder, the outer peripheral horizontal length is constant regardless of the water depth, so the figure and detailed view are shown. Use a combination of the guide groove (20) and the guide (21) shown in Fig. 6. The guide (21) and float (2) connected to the tension string (5) connected to the bottom of the container (1) are connected via the guide groove (20) and the guide (21). When the container (1) sinks deeply, the tension string (5) stretches, and when it floats, it shrinks, and the float (2) is connected to the container (1) while moving up and down without leaving the container (1). The tension string (5) may be a spring with a wire rope connected.

In claim 5, as shown in FIG. 7, the container (1) is provided with either one or both of the outer ring (12) and the inner ring (13), claims 1, 2, 3, and 4. It is an evacuation shelter described in either. The outer ring is the tag of a tub, which is the old name. When a container is made by connecting multiple plates like a tub, this method is classic, but it is useful for increasing the strength. If the inner and outer rings are provided at the same height position and the two are connected, the strength will increase dramatically. It is an excellent work that can be used even if the container shape is not tapered. Since automobile tires are used for the inner ring 13 on the right side of FIG. 7, various equipment can be stored in the inner tire space. Towels, tableware, drinking water such as PET bottles, diapers, mobile batteries, etc. are required to survive. A finger hole is made in the plate on the arc to make it a sliding door. The ring 13 in the tire of the automobile also serves as a stool. A protrusion is provided on the inside of the container (1) to receive the ring 13 in the tire.

The circumference of the horizontal cross section of the siever, which has a tapered container shape, gradually increases or decreases. The circumference of a container with a large horizontal area is long, and the circumference of a small container is short. On the outer circumference, move the outer ring (12) from bottom to top (short to long) to tighten it, and vice versa to loosen it. The opposite is true on the inner circumference. By utilizing this property, even if the steel outer ring (12) and inner ring (13) are not connected, they can be placed at the same horizontal height to form a high-strength evacuation shelter. If automobile tubes are used for the outer ring and old tires are used for the inner ring, it can be made inexpensively, waste can be reused, and waste can be reduced, contributing to the most important task for humankind today. In this case, the ring inside the old tire can also be used as a stool, which facilitates a long-term drifting posture. Also, if you use tires, the inside is hollow, so you can store emergency items. Drinking water, towels, smartphones, flashlights, mobile batteries, diapers, groceries, tableware, various things are necessary to survive, but by storing these and putting a door plate that can slide around, wasted space is effective Available. In addition, a notch hole is made in the inner peripheral contact surface of the outer container (1), and a fin-type rowing oar (14) or a hook rod (11) is pierced through to provide a space for leaning against the container, so that the container sways in a narrow space. Can be stored without moving

In claim 6, as shown in FIG. 5, for evacuation according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 5, wherein a fin-type rowing oar (14) is provided on the outer circumference of the container (1). This is a shelter. It can be installed on the float (2) instead of the container (1). Since it is only necessary to attach the ring through which the oar is passed and the support column that supports it to the container (1) or float (2), we will adopt the existing attachment technology that has many methods. With a large shelter, it is impossible to operate the shelter manually, but with a small size, you can row the oar to correct the position and change the direction of the flow even if it is left in the water. .. With conventional rowing boats that scratch water, which is often seen in amusement parks and parks, propulsion cannot be generated unless the position of the hand holding the oar can be moved significantly in the horizontal and front-back directions, so fin-type propulsion. Use an oar that uses force.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the situation. Fins are the tail fins of fish. The force of kicking water when the fins are shaken can be decomposed into the component forces of the X and Y axes in terms of the coordinate axes. We will proceed by using the one that will be the driving force of the component power of the rowed fins. Many fish are swimming in the aquarium. Looking at the appearance of bonito and yellowtail, it is clear that the tail fin is shaken from side to side to gain propulsion. If you shake the tail fin to the left, the water will be pushed by the fins, and the area around the tail fin of the fish will be shaken to the right, but the fish body will tilt to the left, and if you shake it to the right, it will tilt to the right. At this time, the reaction force to the angled water This is the fin propulsion force, which works as a component force not only on the left and right but also in the direction of the fish.

Fish can repeat this repetition at high speed, but humans cannot. When a person on the container (1) shakes the fin attached to the tip of the handle horizontally and horizontally, the reaction force also shakes the container (1) left and right. Even if this is repeated, the container (1) is also swung left and right, but the force converted into propulsive force is small. It doesn't have a steady rest like the center board of a yacht, so it ends up shaking.

However, when the fins are shaken up and down, the reaction force is also transmitted to the container (1), but this time the total weight of the container called the gravitational force of the earth and the buoyancy resist the reaction force and are converted into propulsive force. Therefore, the vertical amplitude has a higher propulsive force conversion rate in the traveling direction than the horizontal amplitude. As for the movement of rowing an oar, the repulsive force that disappears in the left-right amplitude increases the propulsive force conversion efficiency in the case of vertical movement, and the rowing posture is also a vertical movement, so it is possible to take a posture in which force is easily applied.

As shown on the left side of FIG. 5, by changing the mounting direction of the fin, the direction of kicking water can be changed even with the same vertical movement of the oar, and it is possible to go in either the front-back direction. If you row the oars while standing, you can put your weight on them. If you hang on the oar and row, you can put your weight on it, so you can get a lot of propulsion. Also, by making the oar hand T-shaped, twisting the oar, and moving it up and down diagonally, it is possible to add left and right movement to the vertical movement, kick water in the left and right direction, and change the direction.

Since this is interesting, the present invention of the evacuation shelter for the purpose of use can be used as a playground equipment. This is a great opportunity to use the shelter, which is rarely used, so you can do evacuation drills by playing, and you can use the playground equipment you are accustomed to as an evacuation tool in the event of a disaster. There is a Tarai-bune race on Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, where you can compete with the big ones of the round tub. There is a scene in Issun-boshi who goes down the river on a bowl boat. It's great to be able to do evacuation drills that can't be done, aren't hired, and can't be done, to say the least, by incorporating and using interesting elements. I would like to see hiring companies appear and commercialize them. I hope this will help the industry to recover the economy after the coronavirus has converged.

In claim 7, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), a flexible film (18) such as a vinyl film is divided into two, and a fastener (19) is provided at the divided portion, and the film (18) is provided. ) The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 6 attached to the top of the inner circumference of the container (1). Since the flexible film can be deformed into a hemispherical shape or a flat shape, a film having a size that covers the flat surface of the container (1) in a hemispherical shape is divided into two, and a fastener is drawn on the arc line passing through the apex. By providing (19), a film that covers the upper surface of the container (1) and can be opened and closed is formed. This is divided into two parts, a fastener is provided at the divided part, and when the fastener is closed, a single film is formed, and when the evacuees push it up by hand, a hemispherical dome is formed. By adopting a transparent vinyl film, you can see the surroundings by pushing your head up. There are also waterproof fasteners in the world. It is also possible to insert a plurality of arch-shaped ribs (4) (strength bones) like a tent and support the roots with rotating support shafts to open and close half a turn.

By making the film out of a transparent material, it becomes a film that does not allow water to pass through but can secure visibility, and even if it is drifting in a distress, it is possible to know the surroundings. By opening the zipper, opening it on both sides, and closing it, it is crunchy, but it can be stored. When opened, the opening that allows air to enter opens, and you can lean forward and row the oars. If you put a light-shielding curtain inside, you can block the sunlight, and if it flows out to the sea and is exposed to sunlight, you can escape from the hot sunlight by closing it. When it gets stuffy and hot, open it fully and ventilate occasionally.

According to claim 8, as shown in FIG. 9, it is an evacuation shelter and a container that serves as a protective container that protects the body from falling of roofing materials and ceiling materials that fall from the top of a house collapse or the like in the event of an earthquake. The top and bottom are turned upside down, and the upper surface where people can enter and exit is the lower surface in contact with the floor. When the container (1) is placed on the floor, there is a gap between the floor and the lower end of the container so that humans can enter the container (1). One of claims 1 and 3 provided in the container (1) so that the poking rod (17) is provided so as to project from the lower end of the container (1) toward the floor and the poking rod (17) can be moved up and down. It is an evacuation shelter described in. If the container (1) used for a water accident is stored upside down, it becomes a shelter in the event of an earthquake, and if you enter it and pass the earthquake, the roofing material and hut assembly material that fall from above during the earthquake will fall. It becomes a protective container that protects the body. Keeping the water accident shelter indoors is the shelter in the event of an earthquake. In addition, by providing a hatch large enough for humans to enter and exit at the top of the shelter, the number of entrances and exits can be increased, and the number of elements trapped during an earthquake can be reduced. In this case, a screw-type rotary hatch with a simple spiral structure that can be opened and closed from both inside and outside is easily understood by the general public. If the packing material is bitten, the waterproof performance will not deteriorate even when used in the event of a water accident.

If you stick out a stick from the bottom of the container toward the floor, a gap will be created between the bottom of the container and the floor. If the notch (24) shown in FIGS. 2 and 9 is made on the outer peripheral wall surface at the lower end of the container (1), people can easily enter and exit. The thrust rod (17) may have a screw-type telescopic entrance / exit structure, or the existing technology that uses a protrusion and a dent to store the thrust rod (17) in a cylinder with a sheath tube and a latch structure should be used. Therefore, various locking means can be adopted. It can also be used as a water accident shelter with the stick (17) protruding, and can also be used as a handrail when getting on and off, and as a handle when transporting.

In claim 9, in order to store the bulky container (1) by using the existing disassembly and assembly technology, the container (1) is divided into appropriate sizes, cut and disassembled, flanges and the like are added, and the container is assembled with bolts and nuts. The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3, which has been disassembled into a state in which it can be assembled and completed to its original size. There are many disassembly and coalescence technologies in the world, so if you adopt and disassemble them, it will be easier to store and adopt. However, there is a drawback that the earthquake is not in time.

In claim 10, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 6, the float attaching means is provided with pulleys (22) on the upper and lower sides of the outer circumference of the container (1), and ropes are stretched over the pulleys to form a loop. When the float (2) is fixed to the loop type rope (23) and the evacuees reach out and move the rope up and down, the float (2) also moves up and down and can be stopped at any position. The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3 provided with a plurality of means on the outer periphery of the container (1). If the pulley (22) moves smoothly, the float (2) also moves freely, so make it stiff to some extent or prepare a brake.

FIG. 11 shows an example in which the mounting height of the float (2) to the container (1) can be freely adjusted. A guide groove (20) is provided in the container (1), and a guide (21) is attached to the float (2). The guide can move up and down the guide groove freely. A loop rope (23) is connected to the guide, and when the loop rope is pulled, the guide moves up and down, and the connected float also moves up and down. If the evacuees are tired of standing and want to lie down and sleep, they want the container (1) to be in a nearly horizontal diagonal position. At that time, if the height position of the float (2) is adjusted, the posture can be changed by adjusting the position of the float with respect to the water surface. The upper left perspective view of FIG. 11 shows the situation, and below that is a plan view. Since the height position of the float to be attached can be changed by pulling the loop rope (23) for a plurality of float heights, reach out from the container (1) and pull the rope up or down to adjust.

As explained above, this invention solves the problems of the invention, and in the presence of many existing technologies, it is difficult to realize reality, facts can be changed, it is easy to adopt, it is cheap, lightweight, and miniaturized. I think this is one of the few practical measures that can be easily taken. It would be best if we could live without encountering disasters, but in today's frequent occurrence, that is not the case. Even if we are prepared, we are still sad, but I would like you to help us with the solution. As explained in detail for each claim in the detailed explanation column of the invention, I think that it is a concrete measure that the general public would like to purchase in practice.

A cross-sectional view showing a state in which two and four evacuees boarded a container (1) with a float (2). The perspective view which shows the type of a container (1) and a float (2). The perspective view which shows the kind of a container (1). The perspective view which shows the means of attaching the float (2) to the tension string (5). A perspective view showing the state of the fin type propulsion tool. Explanatory drawing which shows how the float (2) which moves up and down is attached to a container (1). The perspective view which shows the attachment state of the outer ring inner ring to the container (1). The perspective view which shows the state which the membrane (18) is attached to the container (1). The perspective view which shows the state which the poking rod (17) is attached to the container (1). A perspective view showing an evacuee boarding a container (1) using a berthing holding means (9). Float (2) A perspective view showing how each float is mounted so that it can slide up and down.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state in which an evacuee gets into a container 1 floating on the surface of the water. It depicts a person getting into a container floating on the surface of the river from a seawall. Bring the rope (16) to the waterside by turning behind strong trees, iron fences, etc. The water surface is about 0 to 5 m below the revetment. Tie the container to the A end of the rope and let it float on the surface of the water. Next, while pulling the B end of the rope, get into the container (1). Since the container (1) is pulled to the land side by the evacuees holding the rope that passed behind the tree, it does not leave the revetment and the posture on the water surface is not stable, so raise one leg and put the container. It is pressed against the revetment side through the peripheral wall. I'm standing on one leg, but my arm is pulling the B end of the rope, so I won't fall. Moreover, the container 1 does not leave the shore. Later evacuees also board in this state. Since a mesh (8) is stretched on the inner peripheral wall of the container to provide a mesh, it can be used as a foothold and can be lowered to the bottom. When everyone gets in, the B end of the rope is released and the A end is pulled. Then, the B end of the rope passes behind the trees and the like and comes to the A end side. Here, the hook rod (11) with a float is tied to the B end, and the rope is stored. Container 1 gets on the water stream and leaves the shore. When I encounter a scene where I can land over time, I take out the hook rod and hook it on something on the land. Considering this, it is desirable that the hook rod has an expansion and contraction function like a fishing rod. If you pull the hook rod and berth, you will get off the sielter in the reverse action when you get in. When I encountered a rescue scene with a helicopter, when I flushed the floating hook rod to the surface of the water, the hook was flushed offshore, and the rope connected to the container 1 floated on the surface of the water. The helicopter can drop its own hooked rope and let it flow over the surface of the water to catch it on the rope and perform rescue work.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view and a figure showing a state in which two evacuees have boarded a four-seater container (1), and is marked as large. The container is a cross-sectional view of a conical tapered container having a bottom having a diameter of 0.8 m, a top surface having a diameter of 1 to 2 m, and a height of 1.6 m. The container with a small entry is drawn with a height of 1.1 m. The occupant represents a state in which a person with a height of 1.7 m sits on the inner ring 13 and stands in a semi-sitting state. Therefore, I think that even if you ride for a long time, you can spend it relatively easily. On the outside, the water surface is drawn when four people ride and when two people ride. The buoyancy is assumed on the assumption that the container weight is 35 kg and the weight of two occupants is 130 kg. It feels unstable when two people ride, but if you increase the float, there will be no problem, and if you limit it to two people, you can make it one size smaller and the bottom diameter may be about 0.6 m. There is still room for improvement in this area in actual experiments, but there is a prospect for practical application of compactness and weight reduction that can be handled by humans. The material of the container should be light and durable. Experts may have a lot of knowledge, but I think of polycarbonate.

The tension string (5), which is one of the float attaching means, uses a rubber string, but since it deteriorates over time, a resin rope connected with a metal spring may be used. When two people are seated, the amount of sinking is small, so the float is also below, but when four people ride, the float 2 moves upward, and the circumference of the container 1 becomes longer as it goes up, so the tensile force increases. .. Since the tension string (5) connecting the float 2 goes to the upper part of the container 1 having a large circumference, the tensile force increases and it is pulled strongly.

The inner ring 13 in the container 1 drawn in FIG. 7 can be made of a rubber material and inflated with air, or a tire can be used to provide a highly cushioned material. If you make something with thick rubber and high strength, you can make something that is easy to use as a chair. Car tires may be used as long as they match the size. Since the foot is put in the inner ring ring, multiple people can efficiently enter in a relatively small area. If the tube type is too soft, plastic can be used to meet various needs. It is also an advantage to be able to counter external water pressure.

As the container 1 is made of resin, there is also a manufacturing method in which resin is injected into a mold and molded, and if a metal object such as a stainless steel bathtub is to be made, mass production by large press molding can be inexpensive. If a hollow pipe is provided at the top of the outer circumference of the container in the shape of a handrail, it can be easily used when getting on and off, and it is convenient for carrying and tying a rope. Reference numeral 6 is a hole for passing a rope or the like. It is convenient to carry by providing wheels at the lower end of the container.

Evacuees can easily use it by providing a heat insulating agent or cushioning material on the inner surface of the container and providing a net on it. This idea is from Patent Document 5, but the container submerged in the air or water conveys the air temperature and water temperature to the inside. Especially if the container is made of metal, the thermal conductivity is high, and in the middle of winter, the evacuees immediately get sick due to the decrease in body temperature. At this time, such a situation can be prevented by providing a heat insulating material or a cushioning material inside the container. For example, if a closed-cell sponge is attached and the top is pressed with a 10 cm mesh, it has a cushioning property and a heat retaining effect. Since it does not absorb water, it does not absorb even if the cushion material gets wet due to a little rain. By providing spacers and protrusions that open a gap between the container and the heat insulating material or cushion, rainwater and sprays will pass through the path on the back side, and the water that has covered will fall down, so put a raised lid on the bottom. If you leave it, you won't get wet for a while. If you stack a continuous foam sponge about the size of a pillow, it will be easier to drain water when it gets in. The net on the inner surface of the container can be used as a handrail to maintain the posture, and also as a staircase and ramp when getting on and off. If the drifting time is long, you may not be able to hold the net instead of the handrail forever. At this time, if you prepare something with hooks on both ends of the belt around your body, you can hook both ends of this belt on the net at the waist and chest position to replace the seat belt and put your body in a nap state. Can be retained. You can also hang a flashlight, mobile phone, smart phone, etc. on the net and use it in an easy-to-see position. The method of attaching the net is to provide protrusions and small pieces called hangers and dragonflies from the container (1) at an appropriate pitch, and if the container (1) is resin molded, make a female mold in advance with a mold. There is also a flat plate with a hanger or dragonfly attached by adhesion or retrofitting, a sponge plate is passed through it, a net is placed on it, and the thread of the net is tied to the hanger or dragonfly. This creates a container room with heat insulation and cushioning properties, so the impact of the body hitting the inner surface of the container due to the shaking and vibration of the waves can be softened, the posture can be maintained, the cold weather can be alleviated, and the possibility of survival can be achieved. Can be enhanced.

FIG. 12 shows a state in which a float attaching means (3) that can be attached by fixing a float to the upper end of the outer circumference of the container (1) is attached. The rope mooring means (3) is not a closed ring, but a loop or carabiner with a gap. Passing the rope through the loop can be a difficult task in an emergency. It's a rush work, but if you're in a hurry, there are many factors that will fail even if the work goes well on a daily basis. Therefore, the method is to pass the rope without diving in the ring. There is a gap in the ring, and when the rope is pushed into this gap, it fits in the ring, and the carabiner fits in the ring just by pushing it. Therefore, it can be fitted into the loop in the middle of the rope. And both ropes do not come off. It can be fitted with a rope with the float attached. This is convenient in an emergency. This float does not move up and down and is fixed to the top. This has the advantage of being faster to use if the approximate number of people is fixed.

As another embodiment, it is also convenient to make a hole in the container (1) for making a stopper. By providing a screw-type stopper that can stop water near the feet of the outer wall of the container (1), external water can be put into the container (1). If one person is in the four-seater container (1), it may shake unstable. In this case, placing the weight on the bottom stabilizes it, for example, placing a heavy object such as a bag containing sand or gravel or a block moves the center of gravity downward. However, it is unlikely that these items will be prepared and loaded. If you put water in it, the stability will increase. You can use drinking water in a tank, but if there is nothing, you can take in outside water to lower the center of gravity and stabilize it. It is good to keep the lid (27) on. The water passage hole (26) shown in FIG. 7 shows an embodiment with a screw cap. I usually keep it closed.

Prepare the anchor in the container (1). The shelter that is swept away by the flow cannot change its direction. Therefore, we provide a means to change the direction. When the anchor tied to the rope, which reaches the bottom of the water, is sunk, the anchor scratches the bottom of the river, and the frictional force slows down the flow speed of the shelter. At that time, when the evacuees on the shelter put out their hands or oars on one side of the surrounding water stream, the flowing water hits the oars, and the direction in which the shelter flows changes. Putting the oar to the right pushes the sheller to the left, and putting it to the right pushes it to the left. This is because the flow speed of the surrounding water is faster than the flow speed of the shelter. This is because the shelter is pulled by a rope connected to the anchor, so the flow velocity is slower than the flowing water flow. Repeating this operation brings you closer to the shore. This idea is also a simple and effective rescue method that can be used for the Kurokura River flood accident that occurred in the Kurokura River in Yamakita Town, Ashigarakami District, Kanagawa Prefecture on August 14, 1999. is there. It is a rescue method devised from my experience that can be used by pulling the ship from the shore with a rope. In addition, handles, wheels, etc. for moving and carrying can be attached in a convenient way.

The present invention is a simple, lightweight, small disaster evacuation shelter that is not an exaggerated mechanical device. It proposes a concrete evacuation method that is not a theoretical theory or a theory, is easy to be adopted in real life, and is easy to actually use. In the future, the way of life of society will be required to live without producing garbage, waste, and wasting energy. There is a saying that a bee is crying, and the coronavirus problem distorts modern society. It was exposed all at once, and the power of society was greatly exhausted. In such a society, I hope that it will help the industry where people find their worth living without producing waste as much as possible.

1, container 2, float 3, float attachment means 4, rib (strength bone)
5, tension string 6, hole 7, mesh 8, net 9, berthing holding means 10, iron ball weight 11, hook rod 12, outer ring 13, inner ring 14, fin type rowing all 15, mounting means 16, rope rope 17, Poke bar 18, Membrane 19, Fastener 20, Guide groove 21, Guide 22, Pulley 23, Loop rope 24, Notch 25, Rope mooring means 26, Water passage 27, Bottom lid

A cross-sectional view showing a state in which two and four evacuees boarded a container (1) with a float (2). The perspective view which shows the type of a container (1) and a float (2). The perspective view which shows the kind of a container (1). The perspective view which shows the means of attaching the float (2) to the tension string (5). A perspective view showing the state of the fin type propulsion tool. Explanatory drawing which shows how the float (2) which moves up and down is attached to a container (1). The perspective view which shows the attachment state of the outer ring inner ring to the container (1). The perspective view which shows the state which the membrane (18) is attached to the container (1). The perspective view which shows the state which the poking rod (17) is attached to the container (1). A perspective view showing an evacuee boarding a container (1) using a berthing holding means (9). Float (2) A perspective view showing how each float is mounted so that it can slide up and down. The perspective view which shows the means which can fix and attach the float (2) to the container (1).

Claims (10)

As shown in FIG. 10, a container (1) on which a person can enter and exit from the upper surface of the container and can float on the surface of the water, a berthing holding means (9) (moyai rope (16), a hook rod ( An evacuation shelter characterized in that either or both of 11) are provided. The evacuation shelter according to claim 1, wherein a float attaching means (3) is provided on the outer periphery of the container (1) so that the float (2) faces the water surface position. The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the outer peripheral wall surface of the container (1) has an inverted cone, an inverted pyramid, and a tapered downward recess. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the float attaching means (3) uses the container (1) and the float (2) as a string or rope (hereinafter referred to as a tension string (5)) such as a rubber string to which a tensile force is applied. The two types of means described below are to connect with (say), the first of which is a tapered shape with a concave outer wall surface, and a tension string (5) is wound horizontally around the outer circumference of the container, and the tension string (5) is wrapped around the tension string (5). The second is a means for connecting a plurality of floats (2), which is a combination of a guide (21) and a guide groove (20) connected to a tension string (5) pulled from the lower end of the container (1). The container (1) and the guide groove (20), the float (2) and the guide (21) were connected to each other, and the guide groove (20) and the guide (21) were fitted and connected by the means and the means. The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, which is a container (1) and a float (2). The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein the container (1) is provided with either one or both of the outer ring (12) and the inner ring (13) as shown in FIG. .. The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 5, wherein a fin-type rowing oar (14) is provided on the outer periphery of the container (1) as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, a flexible film (18) such as a vinyl film is divided into two parts, a fastener (19) is provided at the divided portion, and the periphery of the film (18) is attached to the inner peripheral top end of the container (1). The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 6. As shown in Fig. 9, it is an evacuation shelter that protects the body from the fall of roofing materials and ceiling materials that fall from the top of houses in the event of an earthquake. The container is turned upside down and people come and go. When the container (1) is placed on the floor, the upper surface that can be formed is the lower surface that is in contact with the floor. The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 and 3 provided in a container (1) in a structure that protrudes from the lower end of (1) toward the floor and allows the stick (17) to be taken in and out. Using existing disassembly and assembly technology, in order to store the bulky container (1), it can be disassembled into appropriate sizes, added flanges, etc., and assembled with bolts and nuts, etc., to the original size. The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3, which has been decomposed into states. As shown in FIG. 11, the float attaching means is provided with pulleys (22) on the upper and lower sides of the outer circumference of the container (1), and a rope is stretched over the pulleys, and the float (2) is attached to the looped rope (23). When the evacuees reach out and move the rope up and down, the float (2) also moves up and down, and multiple float attachment means that can be stopped at any position are provided on the outer circumference of the container (1). The evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3.