JP2020157258A - Method of improving sediment - Google Patents
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- JP2020157258A JP2020157258A JP2019061675A JP2019061675A JP2020157258A JP 2020157258 A JP2020157258 A JP 2020157258A JP 2019061675 A JP2019061675 A JP 2019061675A JP 2019061675 A JP2019061675 A JP 2019061675A JP 2020157258 A JP2020157258 A JP 2020157258A
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- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 etc. Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001669680 Dormitator maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012300 Sequence Analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKAIJSHGJPXTDY-CBDGTLMLSA-N α-cao Chemical group C([C@@H](N(CC1)C)C23C=CC4([C@H](C3)N(CCCl)CCCl)OC)C3=CC=C(O)C5=C3[C@@]21[C@H]4O5 YKAIJSHGJPXTDY-CBDGTLMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、底質の改良方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for improving sediment.
近年、日本近海において、富栄養化によって、有機質成分等を多く含むヘドロが干潟や海底に蓄積することが、社会問題となっている。
ヘドロが蓄積した海域では、底質から有機質成分、無機質成分等の栄養塩が溶出して、富栄養化がさらに進行し、赤潮が発生したり、あるいは、微生物による有機質成分の分解に伴って、底質中の酸素が消費されて嫌気状態となり、硫酸還元菌のような嫌気性微生物が増加して、硫化水素が発生するという問題がある。他にも、有機物由来の有機酸が生成して、底質が酸性化し、それに伴い、溶存態硫化物のうち、生態に対して毒性の強い遊離態の硫化水素が増加するなどの問題もある。それにより、生態系に悪影響が広がることが懸念されている。ここで、既往の研究において、硫化水素は、底質の表層の下方に形成された硫酸還元層から発生すると考えられている。
In recent years, sludge containing a large amount of organic components has become a social problem in the waters near Japan due to eutrophication, which accumulates on tidal flats and the seabed.
In the sea area where sludge has accumulated, nutrient salts such as organic components and inorganic components are eluted from the sediment, further eutrophication progresses, red tide occurs, or with the decomposition of organic components by microorganisms, There is a problem that oxygen in the sediment is consumed and becomes anaerobic, anaerobic microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria increase, and hydrogen sulfide is generated. Another problem is that organic acids derived from organic matter are generated and the sediment is acidified, and as a result, free hydrogen sulfide, which is highly toxic to ecology, increases among dissolved sulfides. There is concern that this will have an adverse effect on the ecosystem. Here, in previous studies, hydrogen sulfide is considered to be generated from the sulfate-reducing layer formed below the surface layer of the sediment.
底質の改良方法として、底質を原位置で掘削および除去する方法である「浚渫」や、底質の上面を土砂やスラグ等で覆う方法である「覆砂」や、底質に石灰石、貝殻焼成物、水酸化マグネシウム等のアルカリ資材を散布して、底質に含まれている有機質成分をアルカリ分解する方法や、人力やトラクター等を用いて底質を撹拌して、嫌気状態である底質に空気を導入し、底質の一部（特にヘドロ）を分解して除去する方法である「耕耘」などが検討されている。 As a method of improving the bottom sediment, "dredging" is a method of excavating and removing the bottom sediment in its original position, "sand covering" is a method of covering the upper surface of the bottom sediment with earth and sand, slag, etc., and limestone is used for the bottom sediment. It is in an anaerobic state by spraying alkaline materials such as calcined shells and magnesium hydroxide to decompose organic components contained in the sediment by alkali, or by stirring the sediment using human power or a tractor. "Tillage", which is a method of introducing air into the sediment and decomposing and removing a part of the sediment (especially sludge), is being studied.
特許文献１に、底質に含まれている成分に起因する、化学的酸素要求量の増大または硫化水素の発生を抑制するための、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物（例えば、トバモライトを含む粉粒状物）からなる底質改善材が、記載されている。
また、特許文献１に、上記底質改善材を底質に散布する散布工程を含む底質の改善方法が、記載されている。
Patent Document 1 states that calcium silicate-containing powder granules (for example, powder granules containing tovamorite) for suppressing an increase in chemical oxygen demand or generation of hydrogen sulfide due to a component contained in the sediment. The bottom sediment improvement material consisting of (things) is described.
Further, Patent Document 1 describes a method for improving the bottom sediment, which includes a spraying step of spraying the bottom sediment improving material on the bottom sediment.
本発明の目的は、好気性細菌等の割合を増大させて、ヘドロ（硫化水素等の有害物質を生じさせるもの）の生成を抑制することができ、かつ、原位置の生態系に悪影響を与えることがない、底質の改良方法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to increase the proportion of aerobic bacteria and the like, suppress the production of sludge (which produces harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide), and adversely affect the in-situ ecosystem. It is to provide a method of improving the sediment without any problems.
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、底質を浚渫して、浚渫土を得た後、この浚渫土を、底質の原位置とは別の場所である、水域ではない作業場所に運搬し、次いで、この作業場所にて、浚渫土と、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物からなる底質改良材を混合し撹拌して、覆土用混合物を得て、最後に、この覆土用混合物を底質の原位置に運搬して、覆土として用いれば、上記目的を達成しうることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 As a result of diligent studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor dredged the bottom sediment to obtain the dredged soil, and then used the dredged soil in a water area different from the original position of the bottom sediment. Transport to a non-soil work site, where the dredged soil and a bottom sediment improver consisting of calcium silicate-containing powder granules are mixed and agitated to obtain a soil covering mixture, and finally, The present invention has been completed by finding that the above object can be achieved by transporting this soil covering mixture to the original position of the sediment and using it as soil covering.
本発明は、以下の［１］〜［４］を提供するものである。
［１］ 底質を浚渫して、浚渫土を得る浚渫工程と、上記浚渫土を、上記底質の原位置とは別の場所である、水域ではない作業場所に運搬する第一の運搬工程と、上記作業場所において、上記浚渫土と、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物からなる底質改良材を混合し撹拌して、覆土用混合物を得る混合工程と、上記覆土用混合物を、上記底質の原位置に運搬する第二の運搬工程と、上記底質の原位置にて、上記覆土用混合物を覆土として用いる覆土施工工程、を含む底質の改良方法。
［２］ 上記混合工程における上記混合および撹拌は、上記覆土施工工程における上記覆土の施工時から４月間経過時までの間に上記覆土用混合物中の全細菌中の好気性細菌の割合が３％以上増大するような条件下にて、大気中で行われるものである、上記［１］に記載の底質の改良方法。
［３］ 上記ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物が、トバモライト、ゾノトライト、ＣＳＨゲル、フォシャジャイト、ジャイロライト、ヒレブランダイト、およびウォラストナイトからなる群より選ばれる１種以上を含む、上記［１］又は［２］に記載の底質の改良方法。
［４］ 上記混合工程において、上記底質改良材の量は、上記浚渫土１ｍ３当たり、０．１〜５０ｋｇである、上記［１］〜［３］のいずれかに記載の底質の改良方法。
The present invention provides the following [1] to [4].
[1] The dredging process of dredging the bottom sediment to obtain the dredged soil, and the first transportation step of transporting the dredged soil to a work place other than the water area, which is a place different from the original position of the bottom sediment. In the work place, the dredging soil and the bottom sediment improving material composed of calcium silicate-containing powder granules are mixed and stirred to obtain a soil covering mixture, and the soil covering mixture is mixed with the sediment. A method for improving the sediment including a second transporting step of transporting the sediment to the original position of the soil and a soil covering construction step of using the soil covering mixture as the soil covering at the original position of the sediment.
[2] In the mixing and stirring in the mixing step, the ratio of aerobic bacteria in the total bacteria in the soil covering mixture is 3% between the time of the soil covering construction and the time elapsed for 4 months in the soil covering construction step. The method for improving sediment according to the above [1], which is carried out in the atmosphere under the conditions of increasing above.
[3] The calcium silicate-containing powder granules include one or more selected from the group consisting of tovamorite, zonotrite, CSH gel, foschagit, gyrolite, finbrandite, and wollastonite [1]. ] Or the method for improving the sediment according to [2].
[4] In the mixing step, the amount of the bottom sediment improving material is 0.1 to 50 kg per 1 m 3 of the dredged soil, according to any one of the above [1] to [3]. Method.
本発明の底質の改良方法によれば、好気性細菌の割合を増大させて、ヘドロの生成を抑制することができる。このため、ヘドロに起因する、硫化水素等の有害物質の発生を抑制することができる。
また、本発明の底質の改良方法によれば、硫黄酸化細菌の割合を増大させるので、硫化水素の発生を抑制することができる。
さらに、本発明の底質の改良方法によれば、覆土として、原位置の底質を改良したものを用いているので、覆砂として一般的に用いられている山砂や他所の海砂を用いる場合と異なり、周辺環境に負荷を与えることがなく、それゆえ、原位置の生態系に悪影響を与えることがない。
According to the method for improving sediment of the present invention, the proportion of aerobic bacteria can be increased and sludge production can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the generation of harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide caused by sludge.
In addition, according to the method for improving the sediment of the present invention, the proportion of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria is increased, so that the generation of hydrogen sulfide can be suppressed.
Further, according to the method for improving the bottom sediment of the present invention, since the soil covering is made by improving the bottom sediment in the original position, mountain sand or sea sand in other places, which is generally used as the covering sand, can be used. Unlike its use, it does not burden the surrounding environment and therefore does not adversely affect the in-situ ecosystem.
本発明の底質の改良方法は、底質を浚渫して、浚渫土を得る浚渫工程と、上記浚渫土を、上記底質の原位置とは別の場所である、水域ではない作業場所に運搬する第一の運搬工程と、上記作業場所において、上記浚渫土と、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物からなる底質改良材を混合し撹拌して、覆土用混合物を得る混合工程と、上記覆土用混合物を、上記底質の原位置に運搬する第二の運搬工程と、上記底質の原位置にて、上記覆土用混合物を覆土として用いる覆土施工工程、を含む。
以下、本発明の底質の改良方法の各工程について、詳しく説明する。
The method for improving the bottom sediment of the present invention is a dredging step of dredging the bottom sediment to obtain the dredged soil, and the dredging soil is placed in a work place other than the original position of the bottom sediment, which is not a water area. The first transportation step of transportation, the mixing step of mixing and stirring the dredged soil and the bottom sediment improving material composed of calcium silicate-containing powder granules at the work place to obtain a soil covering mixture, and the soil covering. It includes a second transportation step of transporting the mixture for sedimentation to the in-situ of the sediment, and a soil-covering construction step of using the soil-covering mixture as soil covering at the in-situ of the sediment.
Hereinafter, each step of the method for improving the bottom sediment of the present invention will be described in detail.
［浚渫工程］
浚渫工程は、底質を浚渫して、浚渫土を得る工程である。
本明細書中、「底質」とは、淡水、汽水または海水の水域において、水底を構成している表層をいう。
本発明の方法の処理対象である底質の好ましい一例としては、ヘドロを含むものが挙げられる。ヘドロを含む底質を処理対象とすることによって、本発明の効果（好気性細菌の割合を増大させて、ヘドロの生成を抑制することなど）をより効果的に得ることができる。
[Dredging process]
The dredging process is a process of dredging the bottom sediment to obtain dredged soil.
In the present specification, the term "sediment" refers to a surface layer constituting the bottom of freshwater, brackish water, or seawater.
A preferable example of the sediment to be treated by the method of the present invention is one containing sludge. By treating the sediment containing sludge, the effect of the present invention (such as increasing the proportion of aerobic bacteria and suppressing the production of sludge) can be obtained more effectively.
［第一の運搬工程］
第一の運搬工程は、浚渫工程で得られた浚渫土を、浚渫工程における浚渫の対象である底質の原位置とは別の場所である、水域ではない作業場所に運搬する工程である。
本明細書中、「原位置」とは、浚渫工程における浚渫の対象である底質が存在していた位置（水底を構成する土砂の一部の領域）をいう。
本明細書中、「水域ではない作業場所」とは、後述の混合工程における混合および撹拌を行うための、淡水、汽水または海水が存在しない場所（特に、陸地に載置された、混合および撹拌を行うための混合槽）をいう。
浚渫土の運搬は、船舶、車両（例えば、トラック）等の任意の運搬手段を用いて行うことができる。
[First transportation process]
The first transportation step is a step of transporting the dredged soil obtained in the dredging process to a work place other than the water area, which is a place different from the original position of the bottom sediment that is the target of the dredging in the dredging process.
In the present specification, the “in-situ position” refers to the position where the sediment that is the target of dredging in the dredging process existed (a part of the earth and sand constituting the water bottom).
In the present specification, the “non-water area” means a place where fresh water, brackish water or seawater is not present (particularly, a place placed on land for mixing and stirring for mixing and stirring in the mixing step described later). (Mixing tank for performing).
The dredged soil can be transported by any means of transportation such as a ship or a vehicle (for example, a truck).
［混合工程］
混合工程は、第一の運搬工程における浚渫土の運搬の目的地である作業場所において、浚渫土と、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物からなる底質改良材を混合し撹拌して、覆土用混合物を得る工程である。
本発明で用いられるケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物を構成する材料の例としては、トバモライト、ゾノトライト、ＣＳＨゲル、フォシャジャイト、ジャイロライト、ヒレブランダイト、ウォラストナイト等が挙げられる。
ここで、トバモライトとは、結晶性のケイ酸カルシウム水和物であり、Ｃａ５・（Ｓｉ６Ｏ１８Ｈ２）・４Ｈ2Ｏ（板状の形態）、Ｃａ５・（Ｓｉ６Ｏ１８Ｈ２）（板状の形態）、Ｃａ５・（Ｓｉ６Ｏ１８Ｈ２）・８Ｈ2Ｏ（繊維状の形態）等の化学組成を有するものである。
ゾノトライトとは、結晶性のケイ酸カルシウム水和物であり、Ｃａ６・（Ｓｉ６Ｏ１７）・（ＯＨ）2（繊維状の形態）等の化学組成を有するものである。
ＣＳＨゲルとは、αＣａＯ・βＳｉＯ2・γＨ2Ｏ（ただし、α／β＝０．７〜２．３、γ／β＝１．２〜２．７である。）の化学組成を有するものである。具体的には、３ＣａＯ・２ＳｉＯ2・３Ｈ2Ｏの化学組成を有するケイ酸カルシウム水和物等が挙げられる。
フォシャジャイトとは、Ｃａ４（ＳｉＯ３）３（ＯＨ）２等の化学組成を有するものである。
ジャイロライトとは、（ＮａＣａ２）Ｃａ１４（Ｓｉ２３Ａｌ）Ｏ６０（ＯＨ）８・１４Ｈ２Ｏ等の化学組成を有するものである。
ヒレブランダイトとは、Ｃａ２ＳｉＯ３（ＯＨ）２等の化学組成を有するものである。
ウォラストナイトとは、ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ２（繊維状又は柱状の形態）等の化学組成を有するものである。
[Mixing process]
In the mixing step, the dredged soil and the bottom sediment improving material composed of calcium silicate-containing powders and granules are mixed and stirred at the work site which is the destination of the dredged soil transportation in the first transportation step, and the soil covering mixture is mixed. Is the process of obtaining.
Examples of the material constituting the calcium silicate-containing powder granule used in the present invention include tovamorite, zonotrite, CSH gel, foschagit, gyrolite, finbrandite, wollastonite and the like.
Here, tovamorite is a crystalline calcium silicate hydrate, which is Ca 5 · (Si 6 O 18 H 2 ) · 4H 2 O (plate-like form), Ca 5 · (Si 6 O 18 H). 2 ) It has a chemical composition such as (plate-like form), Ca 5 , (Si 6 O 18 H 2 ), 8H 2 O (fibrous form).
Zonotolite is a crystalline calcium silicate hydrate having a chemical composition such as Ca 6 , (Si 6 O 17 ), (OH) 2 (fibrous form).
The CSH gel, those having a chemical composition of αCaO · βSiO 2 · γH 2 O ( provided that, alpha / beta = 0.7 to 2.3, a γ / β = 1.2~2.7.) is there. Specifically, calcium silicate hydrate or the like having a chemical composition of 3CaO · 2SiO 2 · 3H 2 O and the like.
The fossilite has a chemical composition such as Ca 4 (SiO 3 ) 3 (OH) 2 .
The gyro light, those having a (NaCa 2) Ca 14 (Si 23 Al) O 60 (OH) 8 · 14H 2 O The chemical composition of such.
The fillet brandite has a chemical composition such as Ca 2 SiO 3 (OH) 2 .
Wollastonite has a chemical composition such as CaO · SiO 2 (fibrous or columnar form).
ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物は、好ましくは、多孔質のものである。この場合、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物を含む覆土用混合物を、底質の原位置にて、覆土として用いると、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物の多孔質の部分による通水性および通気性の確保、および、多孔質の部分に存在する空気によって、覆土の中の好気性細菌等の割合をより一層、増大させることができる。
本明細書中、「粉粒状物」とは、粉状物（０．１ｍｍ未満の粒度を有するもの）のみからなる集合体、粒状物（０．１ｍｍ以上の粒度を有するもの）のみからなる集合体、または、粉状物および粒状物を含む集合体を意味する。ここで、「粒度」とは、粉状物または粒状物における最大寸法（例えば、断面がだ円である粒状物においては、長軸の寸法）をいう。
The calcium silicate-containing powder granules are preferably porous. In this case, when the soil covering mixture containing the calcium silicate-containing powder granules is used as the soil covering in the original position of the bottom sediment, the porous portion of the calcium silicate-containing powder granules ensures water permeability and air permeability. , And the air present in the porous portion can further increase the proportion of aerobic bacteria and the like in the soil cover.
In the present specification, the "powder granular material" is an aggregate consisting of only a powdery material (having a particle size of less than 0.1 mm) and an aggregate consisting of only a granular material (having a particle size of 0.1 mm or more). It means a body or an aggregate containing powders and particles. Here, the "particle size" refers to the maximum size of a powder or granular material (for example, the semimajor dimension of a granular material having an elliptical cross section).
ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物の粒度は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは、０．１〜１０ｍｍの範囲内の粒状物の割合が８０質量％以上（特に、９０質量％以上）のものであり、より好ましくは、０．５〜７ｍｍの範囲内の粒状物の割合が８０質量％以上（特に、９０質量％以上）のものであり、特に好ましくは、１〜４ｍｍの範囲内の粒状物の割合が８０質量％以上（特に、９０質量％以上）のものである。
０．１〜１０ｍｍの範囲内の粒状物の割合が８０質量％以上であれば、浚渫土と、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物からなる底質改良材を混合し撹拌する際における粉塵の発生を抑制することができるとともに、粒度が過大であることによる問題（例えば、浚渫土の中のケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物の分布が不均一になること）を回避することができる。
The particle size of the calcium silicate-containing powder granules is not particularly limited, but preferably, the proportion of the granules in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm is 80% by mass or more (particularly 90% by mass or more). More preferably, the proportion of granules in the range of 0.5 to 7 mm is 80% by mass or more (particularly 90% by mass or more), and particularly preferably, the proportion of granules in the range of 1 to 4 mm. Is 80% by mass or more (particularly 90% by mass or more).
If the proportion of particles in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm is 80% by mass or more, dust is generated when the dredged soil and the bottom sediment improving material composed of calcium silicate-containing powder particles are mixed and stirred. In addition to being able to suppress it, problems due to excessive particle size (for example, uneven distribution of calcium silicate-containing powder granules in dredged soil) can be avoided.
浚渫土と、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物からなる底質改良材の混合および撹拌の方法の一例としては、混合槽（例えば、底面に撹拌翼を有する、上方のみが開口した金属製の枠体）の中に、浚渫土および底質改良材をこの順に投入して、混合物を得て、次いで、混合槽の撹拌手段（例えば、上述の撹拌翼）を回転させて、この混合物（浚渫土と底質改良材とからなるもの）を撹拌する方法が挙げられる。
本工程における混合および撹拌は、覆土施工工程における覆土の施工時から４月間経過時までの間に、覆土用混合物（覆土）中の全細菌中の好気性細菌の割合が３％以上増大するような条件下にて、大気中で行われることが好ましい。
ここで、「大気中」とは、混合および撹拌の過程で、浚渫土および底質改良材が、水中ではなく、空気に曝された状態に置かれることをいう。
また、本工程における混合および撹拌は、覆土施工工程における覆土の施工時から４月間経過時までの間に、覆土用混合物（覆土）中の全細菌中の硫黄酸化細菌の割合が１％以上（好ましくは２％以上、より好ましくは３％以上）増大するような条件下にて、大気中で行われることが好ましい。
上述の４月間で好気性細菌および硫黄酸化細菌の各割合を増大させるための条件としては、例えば、浚渫土の単位容積当たりの底質改良材の量を大きくしたり、あるいは、本工程（混合工程）における撹拌手段の回転速度や撹拌時間を調整（増大）することが挙げられる。
As an example of a method of mixing and stirring a bottom sediment improving material composed of dredged soil and calcium silicate-containing powder granules, a mixing tank (for example, a metal frame having a stirring blade on the bottom surface and opening only above). ), The dredged soil and the sediment improving material are put in this order to obtain a mixture, and then the stirring means of the mixing tank (for example, the stirring blade described above) is rotated to obtain the mixture (with the dredged soil). A method of stirring (consisting of a sediment improving material) can be mentioned.
Mixing and stirring in this step so that the proportion of aerobic bacteria in the total bacteria in the soil covering mixture (soil covering) increases by 3% or more between the time of soil covering construction and the passage of 4 months in the soil covering construction process. It is preferable to carry out in the atmosphere under various conditions.
Here, "in the atmosphere" means that the dredged soil and the sediment improving material are placed in a state of being exposed to air, not in water, in the process of mixing and stirring.
In addition, in the mixing and stirring in this step, the ratio of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the total bacteria in the soil covering mixture (soil covering) is 1% or more (from the time of soil covering construction to the passage of 4 months in the soil covering construction process). It is preferably carried out in the air under conditions that increase, preferably 2% or more, more preferably 3% or more).
The conditions for increasing the proportions of aerobic bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the above-mentioned four months include, for example, increasing the amount of sediment-improving material per unit volume of dredged soil, or this step (mixing). The rotation speed and stirring time of the stirring means in the step) may be adjusted (increased).
本工程において、底質改良材の量は、浚渫土１ｍ３当たり、好ましくは０．１〜５０ｋｇ、より好ましくは０．３〜４０ｋｇ、さらに好ましくは０．５〜３０ｋｇ、さらに好ましくは１〜２０ｋｇ、特に好ましくは２〜１５ｋｇである。
該量が０．１ｋｇ以上であると、本発明の効果（好気性細菌の割合を増大させて、ヘドロの生成を抑制することなど）をより効果的に得ることができる。該量が５０ｋｇ以下であれば、底質改良材の量が大きいことによる本発明の方法のコストの増大を避けることができる。
In this step, the amount of the bottom sediment improving material is preferably 0.1 to 50 kg, more preferably 0.3 to 40 kg, still more preferably 0.5 to 30 kg, still more preferably 1 to 20 kg per 1 m 3 of dredged soil. , Particularly preferably 2 to 15 kg.
When the amount is 0.1 kg or more, the effect of the present invention (such as increasing the proportion of aerobic bacteria and suppressing the production of sludge) can be obtained more effectively. When the amount is 50 kg or less, it is possible to avoid an increase in cost of the method of the present invention due to a large amount of the bottom sediment improving material.
［第二の運搬工程］
第二の運搬工程は、混合工程で得られた覆土用混合物を、底質の原位置に運搬する工程である。
本工程において、底質の原位置への運搬とは、例えば、処理対象である底質が複数の区画に分かれている場合において、これら複数の区画の各々について、浚渫工程における浚渫土と、後工程である覆土施工工程における覆土用混合物とが一致（対応）している必要があるものではなく、これら複数の区画の中の区画Ａの浚渫土が、覆土用混合物としては、区画Ｂ（区画Ａとは異なる区画）に覆土されるものであってもよい。
覆土用混合物の運搬は、第一の運搬工程と同様に、船舶、車両（例えば、トラック）等の任意の運搬手段を用いて行うことができる。
[Second transportation process]
The second transportation step is a step of transporting the soil covering mixture obtained in the mixing step to the original position of the sediment.
In this step, transportation of the bottom sediment to the in-situ means, for example, when the bottom sediment to be treated is divided into a plurality of sections, for each of these plurality of sections, the dredging soil in the dredging process and the subsequent It is not necessary that the soil covering mixture in the soil covering construction process, which is a process, be the same (corresponding), and the dredged soil in the section A in these plurality of sections is used as the soil covering mixture in the section B (section B). It may be covered with soil in a section different from A).
Similar to the first transportation step, the soil covering mixture can be transported by using any transportation means such as a ship or a vehicle (for example, a truck).
［覆土施工工程］
覆土施工工程は、底質の原位置にて、覆土用混合物を覆土として用いる工程である。
本工程における「底質の原位置」とは、第二の運搬工程で説明した「底質の原位置への運搬」におけるものと同じである。
覆土の施工（敷設）は、通常、浚渫工程で浚渫された底質の厚さと同じ厚さになるように行われる。
覆土の施工によって、浚渫工程前の底質に比べて、好気性細菌の割合が増大するので、ヘドロの発生を抑制することができる。
また、覆土の施工によって、浚渫工程前の底質に比べて、硫黄酸化細菌（硫化水素を硫酸や元素状硫黄に酸化する細菌）の割合が増大するので、硫化水素による各種の生物の死滅を抑制し、また、硫化水素臭の発生を抑制することができる。
さらに、覆土の施工によって、浚渫工程前の底質に比べて、ｐＨが上昇するので、硝化細菌が増殖し易い環境をつくることができる。硝化細菌は、底質に生育する各種の生物の残餌や排泄物から生じる有害なアンモニアや亜硝酸を、無害な硝酸に分解する細菌である。
[Soil covering construction process]
The soil covering construction step is a step of using the soil covering mixture as the soil covering at the original position of the bottom sediment.
The "in-situ position of the sediment" in this step is the same as that in the "transportation of the sediment to the in-situ" explained in the second transportation step.
The soil covering (laying) is usually carried out so as to have the same thickness as the bottom sediment dredged in the dredging process.
By constructing the soil cover, the proportion of aerobic bacteria increases as compared with the sediment before the dredging process, so that sludge generation can be suppressed.
In addition, the soil covering increases the proportion of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (bacteria that oxidize hydrogen sulfide to sulfuric acid and elemental sulfur) compared to the sediment before the dredging process, so hydrogen sulfide kills various organisms. It can be suppressed and the generation of hydrogen sulfide odor can be suppressed.
Furthermore, the soil covering makes the pH higher than that of the sediment before the dredging process, so that an environment in which nitrifying bacteria can easily grow can be created. Nitrifying bacteria are bacteria that decompose harmful ammonia and nitrite generated from the residual food and excrement of various organisms that grow in the sediment into harmless nitric acid.
本工程において、覆土の施工時から１４日間経過後の時点におけるｐＨの上昇の幅は、好ましくは０．２、より好ましくは０．３、特に好ましくは０．４である。
覆土の施工の時期は、混合工程において浚渫土と底質改良材を混合し撹拌して覆土用混合物を得た直後（換言すると、混合工程の終了後に、第二の運搬工程を直ちに行い、覆土施工工程が実施可能になった時）でもよいし、あるいは、覆土用混合物を得た時点から数日間が経過した時などでもよい。
In this step, the range of increase in pH at a time point 14 days after the soil covering is applied is preferably 0.2, more preferably 0.3, and particularly preferably 0.4.
The time of soil covering is immediately after the dredged soil and the sediment improving material are mixed and stirred in the mixing process to obtain a soil covering mixture (in other words, after the mixing process is completed, the second transportation step is immediately performed and the soil covering is performed. It may be (when the construction process becomes feasible), or when several days have passed from the time when the soil covering mixture was obtained.
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
［覆土のｐＨの測定（実施例１〜５、比較例１〜２）］
（１）処理対象物（底質の一部）
処理対象物は、干潟の底質における厚さ２０ｃｍの部分（底質の上面から、その下方に２０ｃｍの深さまでの部分）とした。
処理対象物は、湿潤密度が１．９ｇ／ｃｍ３、含水率が２７％、ｐＨが７．１、酸化還元電位（ＯＲＰ）が７４ｍＶ、の各物性値を有するものであった。
（２）底質改良材
底質改良材であるケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物としては、以下のとおり製造されたものを用いた。
まず、酸化カルシウム等のカルシウム源、珪石等のケイ酸源、および、水を混合してなるスラリーを鉄製の容器の中に収容した後、１８０℃、１０，０００ｈＰａの雰囲気下に、この容器（スラリーを収容した鉄製の容器）を置き、１０時間、水和反応を行った。次いで、この容器内の固形物を乾燥することによって、トバモライト（ケイ酸カルシウム含有物）からなる乾燥固形物を得た。得られた乾燥固形物を粉砕した後、得られた粉砕物を篩い分けして、粒度が１〜４ｍｍのケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物（底質改良材）を得た。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
[Measurement of pH of soil cover (Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Examples 1 and 2)]
(1) Object to be treated (part of sediment)
The object to be treated was a portion of the sediment of the tidal flat having a thickness of 20 cm (a portion from the upper surface of the sediment to a depth of 20 cm below it).
The object to be treated had a wet density of 1.9 g / cm 3 , a water content of 27%, a pH of 7.1, and a redox potential (ORP) of 74 mV.
(2) Bottom sediment improvement material As the bottom sediment improvement material, calcium silicate-containing powder granules produced as follows were used.
First, a calcium source such as calcium oxide, a silicic acid source such as silica stone, and a slurry made by mixing water are housed in an iron container, and then this container (at 180 ° C. and 10,000 hPa). An iron container containing the slurry) was placed and a hydration reaction was carried out for 10 hours. Then, the solid matter in this container was dried to obtain a dry solid matter composed of tovamorite (calcium silicate-containing substance). After pulverizing the obtained dry solid, the obtained pulverized product was sieved to obtain a calcium silicate-containing powder granule (sediment improving material) having a particle size of 1 to 4 mm.
（３）覆土用混合物の調製および評価
大気中の雰囲気下において、底質０．６ｋｇに、底質１ｍ３当たり、表１に記載の量（単位：ｋｇ／ｍ３）の底質改良材を添加した後、得られた混合物を、ホバートミキサーで底質改良材が均一となるように撹拌（低速で１分３０秒の後、高速で１分３０秒）し、覆土用混合物（実施例１〜５）を得た。
一方、比較例１として、底質のみからなり、かつ、撹拌しないものを用意した。
また、比較例２として、底質のみからなり、かつ、実施例１と同様に撹拌したものを用意した。
(3) Preparation and evaluation of soil-covering mixture Under an atmosphere of air, the amount of sediment improving material shown in Table 1 (unit: kg / m 3 ) per 1 m 3 of sediment was added to 0.6 kg of sediment. After the addition, the obtained mixture is stirred with a hovert mixer so that the bottom sediment improving material becomes uniform (1 minute 30 seconds at low speed, then 1 minute 30 seconds at high speed), and the soil covering mixture (Example 1). ~ 5) was obtained.
On the other hand, as Comparative Example 1, a material consisting only of sediment and not agitated was prepared.
Further, as Comparative Example 2, a material composed of only the sediment and agitated in the same manner as in Example 1 was prepared.
得られた覆土用混合物（比較例１〜２では、底質）を２等分し、それぞれ合成樹脂製の容器（上方のみが開口したもの）に収容した後、これらの容器を、各々、水槽内の塩分濃度３％の人工海水中に完全に沈め、水槽に付属している空気供給管による曝気下で、４７日間、この人工海水中に置いた。
人工海水中に沈めた時点から、４７日間経過時までの間における覆土用混合物のｐＨを、表１に記載の各時点で測定した。
なお、人工海水は、７日間毎に１／３の量を新たなものに交換した。
結果を表１に示す。表１中の値は、覆土用混合物を２等分して収容した各容器のｐＨ値（２つ）の平均値である。
The obtained soil-covering mixture (sediment in Comparative Examples 1 and 2) is divided into two equal parts, each of which is contained in a synthetic resin container (one having an opening only above), and then each of these containers is placed in a water tank. It was completely submerged in artificial seawater having a salinity of 3%, and placed in this artificial seawater for 47 days under aeration by an air supply pipe attached to the water tank.
The pH of the soil covering mixture from the time when it was submerged in artificial seawater to the time when 47 days had passed was measured at each time point shown in Table 1.
The amount of artificial seawater was replaced with a new one every 7 days.
The results are shown in Table 1. The values in Table 1 are the average values of the pH values (2) of each container in which the soil covering mixture was divided into two equal parts and contained.
表１から、実施例１〜５では、比較例１〜２に比べて、時間の経過とともにｐＨが増大する傾向があり、底質改良材によって底質の酸性化を抑制しうることが確認された。
特に、実施例２〜５では、７日間経過時以降のｐＨが７．５以上に維持されているので、硫化水素の発生の原因となる硫酸還元菌の増殖が抑制され、かつ、残餌や排泄物から生じる有害なアンモニアや亜硝酸を無害な硝酸に分解する硝化細菌が増殖し易い環境であることがわかった。
From Table 1, it was confirmed that in Examples 1 to 5, the pH tends to increase with the passage of time as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the bottom sediment improving material can suppress the acidification of the bottom sediment. It was.
In particular, in Examples 2 to 5, since the pH is maintained at 7.5 or higher after the lapse of 7 days, the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria that cause the generation of hydrogen sulfide is suppressed, and residual food and residual food are used. It was found that the environment is such that nitrifying bacteria that decompose harmful ammonia and nitrite generated from excrement into harmless nitric acid easily grow.
［覆土の細菌叢の評価（実施例６、比較例３〜４）］
（１）処理対象物（底質の一部）
実施例１と同じものを用いた。
（２）底質改良材
実施例１と同じものを用いた。
（３）覆土用混合物の調製および評価
実施例１と同様にして、覆土用混合物（実施例６）を得た。
一方、比較例３として、底質のみからなり、かつ、撹拌しないものを用意した。
また、比較例４として、底質のみからなり、かつ、実施例１と同様に撹拌したものを用意した。
実施例６および比較例３〜４の各々の覆土用混合物を、覆土として、干潟の海水中に沈めた。４月間経過後に、底質の表層部分５ｃｍを採取し、得られた採取物について、細菌叢を次世代シークエンス解析によって評価した。また、採取時に採取場所にて、ｐＨおよび酸化還元電位（ＯＲＰ）を測定した。
結果を表２に示す。
[Evaluation of soil-covered bacterial flora (Example 6, Comparative Examples 3 to 4)]
(1) Object to be treated (part of sediment)
The same as in Example 1 was used.
(2) Sediment improvement material The same material as in Example 1 was used.
(3) Preparation and Evaluation of Soil Covering Mixture A soil covering mixture (Example 6) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
On the other hand, as Comparative Example 3, a material consisting only of sediment and not agitated was prepared.
Further, as Comparative Example 4, a material composed of only the sediment and agitated in the same manner as in Example 1 was prepared.
Each soil covering mixture of Example 6 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 was submerged in seawater of a tidal flat as a soil covering. After 4 months, 5 cm of the surface layer of the sediment was collected, and the bacterial flora of the obtained collection was evaluated by next-generation sequence analysis. In addition, pH and redox potential (ORP) were measured at the collection site at the time of collection.
The results are shown in Table 2.
表２から、実施例６では、比較例３〜４に比べて、好気性細菌の割合が大きく、かつ、嫌気性細菌の割合が小さいことがわかる。
また、実施例６では、比較例３〜４に比べて、硫黄酸化細菌の割合が大きいことがわかる。硫黄酸化細菌は、硫化水素（干潟の環境の悪化の原因となるもの）を硫酸や元素状硫黄に酸化する細菌であるので、硫黄酸化細菌の割合が大きいことは、有害な硫化水素の量が少なく、好ましい環境であることを意味する。一方、硫酸還元細菌および硫黄還元細菌は、硫化水素を生成する細菌であるので、硫酸還元細菌および硫黄還元細菌の割合が小さいことは、有害な硫化水素の量が少なく、好ましい環境であることを意味する。
なお、比較例３〜４に比べて、実施例６における特殊な細菌の増加は、見られなかった。
また、実施例６では、比較例３〜４に比べて、ｐＨおよびＯＲＰ（酸化還元電位）が大きいことがわかる。この理由は、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物からなる底質改良材が、底質を好気性細菌の増加に適するように改良したからであると考えられる。
From Table 2, it can be seen that in Example 6, the proportion of aerobic bacteria is large and the proportion of anaerobic bacteria is small as compared with Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
Further, in Example 6, it can be seen that the proportion of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria is larger than that in Comparative Examples 3 and 4. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are bacteria that oxidize hydrogen sulfide (which causes deterioration of the tidal flat environment) to sulfuric acid and elemental sulfur, so a large proportion of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria means that the amount of harmful hydrogen sulfide is high. It means that there are few and it is a favorable environment. On the other hand, since sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-reducing bacteria are bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide, a small proportion of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-reducing bacteria means that the amount of harmful hydrogen sulfide is small and the environment is favorable. means.
No increase in special bacteria was observed in Example 6 as compared with Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
Further, it can be seen that in Example 6, the pH and ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) are larger than those in Comparative Examples 3 and 4. It is considered that the reason for this is that the sediment improving material composed of calcium silicate-containing powder granules improved the sediment so as to be suitable for the increase of aerobic bacteria.
Claims (4)
上記浚渫土を、上記底質の原位置とは別の場所である、水域ではない作業場所に運搬する第一の運搬工程と、
上記作業場所において、上記浚渫土と、ケイ酸カルシウム含有粉粒状物からなる底質改良材を混合し撹拌して、覆土用混合物を得る混合工程と、
上記覆土用混合物を、上記底質の原位置に運搬する第二の運搬工程と、
上記底質の原位置にて、上記覆土用混合物を覆土として用いる覆土施工工程、
を含む底質の改良方法。 The dredging process of dredging the bottom sediment to obtain the dredged soil,
The first transportation process of transporting the dredged soil to a work place other than the water area, which is a place different from the original position of the bottom sediment,
In the work place, a mixing step of mixing and stirring the dredged soil and a bottom sediment improving material composed of calcium silicate-containing powder and granules to obtain a soil covering mixture.
The second transportation step of transporting the soil covering mixture to the in-situ of the sediment, and
A soil covering construction process using the soil covering mixture as a soil covering at the original position of the sediment.
How to improve the sediment including.
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