JP2020139359A - building - Google Patents

Abstract

To get a higher quality lighting feeling.SOLUTION: Each of buildings (apartment housing 1) has first and second sections R1 and R2, each of which is defined by a wall W and adjacent to each other in the lateral direction via a lightable space 4, a connecting portion 6 provided in the space 4 and connecting the first section R1 and the second section R2. At least a part of the walls W1 and W2 facing the space of the first section R1 and the second section R2 is made of a wall body with light transmissivity .SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a building, particularly to an apartment house having a daylighting structure.

In an apartment house, another dwelling unit is generally arranged on both sides of the dwelling unit, and the main lighting surface is limited to one side such as south facing, east facing, and west facing. For example, the living room on the entrance side is often far from the main lighting surface, and the window area is restricted to ensure privacy, so sufficient lighting may not be possible. For this reason, apartment houses equipped with daylighting equipment have been conventionally known. Patent Document 1 discloses a daylighting facility that reflects external light, takes it into the building, and reflects it on the ceiling surface of the building. Patent Document 2 discloses a daylighting facility including a horizontal light duct that takes in external light and a reflector that reflects the light introduced by the horizontal light duct and takes it into a corridor inside a building.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-37995 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-306406

Since the daylighting equipment described in these patent documents uses a reflector, the natural feeling of daylighting is poor. An object of the present invention is to provide a building in which a higher quality daylighting feeling can be obtained.

The building of the present invention is provided in the first and second compartments, each of which is defined by a wall and is laterally adjacent to each other via a daylightable space, and the first compartment and the second compartment. It has a connecting portion that connects the compartments of the above. At least a part of the wall facing the space of the first section and the second section is composed of a wall body having translucency.

The external light propagates in the space while being reflected by the wall around the space where the light can be taken, and is introduced into the first section and the second section from the translucent wall body. As a result, a feeling of daylighting similar to that of external light entering through a window can be obtained. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a building in which a higher quality daylighting feeling can be obtained.

It is a front view and a plan view of the apartment house which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the B part enlarged view of FIG. 1 (b). It is the schematic perspective view of the boundary part of the 1st dwelling unit and the 2nd dwelling unit. It is a side view seen from the direction C of FIG. 2 which shows typically the entry path of the external light. It is the same figure as FIG. 4 which shows the modification of this invention.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the building of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention can be suitably applied to an apartment house, particularly a middle-low-rise plate-shaped apartment house. A plate-shaped apartment house is generally a rectangular parallelepiped, and the dwelling units on each floor are arranged in a straight line. Normally, the external corridor and the entrance of each dwelling unit are arranged on the opposite side of the main lighting surface. .. The middle-low-rise building generally means five stories or less, but the present invention can be applied to a high-rise apartment building having more floors. In the following description and drawings, the X direction means the longitudinal direction of the housing complex, that is, the direction in which the dwelling units are arranged on each floor, and the Y direction means the lateral direction of the housing complex, that is, the horizontal direction orthogonal to the X direction.

FIG. 1 (a) is a front view of the housing complex 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b) is a plan view (cross-sectional view) along the line AA of FIG. 1 (a). The housing complex 1 has 5 floors, and 6 dwelling units R are provided on each floor. A balcony 2 is provided on a surface preferable for daylighting such as the south side and the east side of the apartment house 1, and an external corridor 3 is provided on the opposite side. In this embodiment, the balcony 2 is provided on the south side and the external corridor 3 is provided on the north side. Spaces (hereinafter referred to as space 4 between dwelling units) and earthquake-resistant walls 5 are alternately arranged between dwelling units R on the same floor, and all dwelling units R including dwelling units R on both sides (gable side) are on the outer corridor 3 side. It is possible to illuminate three sides including the surface of. The earthquake-resistant walls 5 between the dwelling units R excluding the earthquake-resistant walls 5 on both sides can be replaced with the space 4 between the dwelling units. In this case, all the dwelling units R can be illuminated on four sides including the side on the third side of the outer corridor.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part B of the housing complex 1 shown in FIG. 1 (b), and also shows a schematic floor plan of each dwelling unit R. The dwelling unit R is an example of a section (space) for living or stay whose circumference is defined by a wall W. Apartment house 1 is an RC structure in which a floor slab is provided on a rigid frame frame composed of columns C and beams B. The seismic wall 5 mainly bears the seismic force in the Y direction and has a built-in beam (not shown) extending in the Y direction. Each dwelling unit R has a substantially rectangular planar shape whose Y-direction dimension is longer than the X-direction dimension, LDs are provided facing the main lighting surface (south side), and the first to third bedrooms BR1 are provided on both sides of the corridor C. ~ BR3 is provided. Water facilities such as kitchen K, unit bath UB, and toilet T are centrally located in the center of the dwelling unit R. The surrounding wall of the dwelling unit R is an RC wall except for the translucent wall body 14 described later. The first bedroom BR1 and the second bedroom BR2 face the outer corridor 3 on the north side, and direct lighting is possible through windows (not shown). The third bedroom, BR3, has two bedrooms that are illuminated via LD, and can comply with the Building Standards Act. Therefore, the LD, which is a living room, and the first to third bedrooms BR1 to BR3 are all compliant with the Building Standards Act. In the present specification, the three consecutive dwelling units R shown in FIG. 2 are referred to as the first to third dwelling units R1 to R3, and the first dwelling unit R1 and the second dwelling unit R2 will be mainly described below.

The first dwelling unit R1 and the second dwelling unit R2 are adjacent to each other in the lateral direction (X direction) via the space 4 between the dwelling units. That is, the first dwelling unit R1 has a wall facing the second dwelling unit R2 via the inter-dwelling unit space 4 (hereinafter referred to as the first wall W1), and the second dwelling unit R2 passes through the inter-dwelling unit space 4. It has a wall facing the first dwelling unit R1 (hereinafter referred to as a second wall W2). The third dwelling unit R is on the opposite side of the second dwelling unit R2 from the dwelling unit R1 and is adjacent to the second dwelling unit R2 via the earthquake-resistant wall 5. The space 4 between dwelling units is an atrium with an open upper portion, and the sides of the space 4 between dwelling units that do not face the first dwelling unit R1 and the second dwelling unit R2 are open. In other words, the space 4 between dwelling units extends between the first dwelling unit R1 and the second dwelling unit R2 in the north-south direction (Y direction), and the south and north sides are open, and is a space that can be illuminated. A connecting portion 6 is installed in the space 4 between dwelling units as described below. In order to secure the installation space of the connecting portion 6, it is preferable to secure the width (dimension in the X direction) of the space 4 between the dwelling units by about 1 m.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the boundary between the first dwelling unit R1 and the second dwelling unit R2. A plurality of first pillars 71 are provided at positions facing the space 4 between dwelling units of the first dwelling unit R1, and a plurality of second pillars 72 are provided at positions facing the space 4 between dwelling units of the second dwelling unit R2. Has been done. The plurality of first pillars 71 are provided between the first lower slab 81 and the first upper slab 91 that define the vertical range of the first dwelling unit R1 and support the first upper slab 91. are doing. The plurality of second pillars 72 are provided between the second lower slab 82 and the second upper slab 92 that define the vertical range of the second dwelling unit R2, and support the second upper slab 92. are doing. Floor boards 83 and 84 are installed on the first lower slab 81 and the second lower slab 82, respectively (see FIG. 4). The first column 71 and the second column 72 are formed of steel columns such as square steel pipes. A lower base 9A made of H-shaped steel is provided between the first pillar 71 and the first lower slab 81 and between the second pillar 72 and the second lower slab 82 with the first pillar 71. An upper base 9B made of H-shaped steel is provided between the first upper slab 91 and between the second pillar 72 and the second upper slab 92. The lower base 9A, the upper base 9B, and the two first pillars 71 (or the second pillar 72) form a frame.

The first dwelling unit R1 and the second dwelling unit R2 are connected by a connecting portion 6 provided in the space 4 between the dwelling units. The connecting portion 6 is composed of a plurality of steel beams 10 spanning the space 4 between the dwelling units. The plurality of steel beams 10 include a lower portion 11 that connects the first lower slab 81 and the second lower slab 82, and an upper portion that connects the first upper slab 91 and the second upper slab 92. It consists of twelve. The lower side portion 11 includes a first member 11A orthogonal to a surface 81W of the first lower slab 81 facing the second lower slab 82, and a second member 11B extending obliquely with respect to the surface 81W. Similarly, the upper portion 12 is composed of a first member 12A orthogonal to the surface 91W of the first upper slab 91 facing the second upper slab 92, and a second member 12B extending obliquely with respect to the surface 91W. Become. The lower portion 11 is fixed to the lower base 9A, and the upper portion 12 is fixed to the upper base 9B. Therefore, the plurality of steel beams 10 are joined to the first and second columns 71 and 72 via the lower base 9A and the upper base 9B. The steel beam 10 forms a rigid floor as a brace structure. As a result, the structural integrity of the housing complex 1 is ensured, and the housing complex 1 can integrally bear the seismic force. The second member 11B is composed of two steel pipes 13 arranged in an X shape, and the two steel pipes 13 are joined at the center, but may be separated from each other. In the present embodiment, all the steel beams 10 are oriented in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, but a part or all of the steel beams 10 may be arranged so as to be oriented diagonally with respect to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The structure of the steel beam 10 is not limited at all. The plurality of steel beams 10 can also be configured as steel trusses.

At the time of construction, the first and second lower slabs 81 and 82 of the RC structure are formed, and then the first and second upper slabs 91 and 92 of the RC structure are formed. Next, the lower base 9A, the first pillar 71, and the upper base 9B are installed between the first lower slab 81 and the first upper slab 91. At the same time, the lower base 9A, the second pillar 72, and the upper base 9B are installed between the second lower slab 82 and the second upper slab 92. After that, the steel beam 10 is installed. The plurality of steel beams 10, the first and second columns 71, 72, the lower base 9A, and the upper base 9B can be prefabricated at a factory or the like and installed together.

Since the space 4 between dwelling units is used as a light guide path, it is preferable not to install any member other than the connecting portion 6 in the space 4 between dwelling units. However, in order to prevent the intrusion of rain and snow, the opening 4A (see FIG. 1A) at the upper part of the space 4 between the dwelling units may be covered with a transparent plate such as glass or acrylic. In addition, since the space 4 between dwelling units is normally not accessible to people, equipment for access is basically unnecessary, but since there is a possibility of entering for maintenance purposes, a ladder or a net for fall prevention is used. It may be provided. Alternatively, it is possible to install grating on each floor.

At least a part of the first and second walls W1 and W2 is composed of a light-transmitting wall body or a light wall (hereinafter referred to as a translucent wall body 14). The translucent wall body 14 is made of, for example, frosted glass, instant dimming glass, or the like. Instantaneous dimming glass is a glass sheet sandwiched between two sheets of glass, and can be switched between a transparent state and an opaque state by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sheet. The translucent wall body 14 may be formed of transparent glass and a blind may be installed to ensure privacy. In order to secure the strength of the translucent wall body 14, for example, a steel rod or a wire may be arranged inside the glass. Further, by installing auxiliary columns and beams on the frame composed of the lower base 9A, the upper base 9B, and the two first columns 71 (or the second columns 72), the frame can be made into a plurality of subframes. The translucent wall body 14 may be supported by each subframe. Alternatively, the first and second walls W1 and W2 may be formed of an RC wall provided with at least one opening, and the opening may support the translucent wall body 14. With such a configuration, the first and second walls W1 and W2 can be used as earthquake-resistant walls, so that it is easy to secure the strength of the building.

The translucent wall body 14 is supported by a first pillar 71 and a second pillar 72. More precisely, the translucent wall 14 is supported by four sides of a frame composed of a lower base 9A, an upper base 9B, and two first columns 71 (or second columns 72). .. As a result, 70% or more of the first and second walls W1 and W2 can be composed of the translucent wall body 14. A part of the first and second walls W1 and W2 can also be composed of a non-translucent wall body. The non-transparent wall body can be formed of, for example, plasterboard or wood. The ratio of the translucent wall body 14 to the non-translucent wall body can be appropriately set, but it is preferable that 40% or more of the first and second walls W1 and W2 are the translucent wall body 14. ..

FIG. 4 is a side view of the intrusion route of external light schematically shown from the direction C of FIG. External light enters the space through the opening 4A (see FIG. 1 (a)) at the upper part of the space 4 between dwelling units, and also enters the space 4B on the south and north sides of the space 4 between dwelling units (see FIG. 1 (b)). .. The external light travels while being repeatedly reflected inside the space 4 between the dwelling units, and is incident on the first dwelling unit R1 and the second dwelling unit R2 from the translucent wall body 14. Since the upper opening 4A is used as a part of the intake of external light, there is a possibility that the external light does not sufficiently reach the lower floors in a high-rise apartment building. Therefore, as described above, the present invention can be particularly preferably applied to middle- and low-rise apartments.

When most of the first and second walls W1 and W2 are composed of the translucent wall body 14, the strength of the building may be insufficient. In that case, the strength of the partition wall inside the dwelling unit R can be increased. As an example, the strength of the partition wall of the unit bath UB surrounded by the thick line in FIG. 2 can be increased. The method for increasing the strength is not particularly limited, and the partition wall may have an RC structure, or the RC skeleton may have an S + RC structure sandwiched between two iron plates. Since the latter can have a thinner structure than the RC structure, the influence on the dwelling unit space can be suppressed.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the external light reflected by the inner wall of the space 4 between the dwelling units is incident on the dwelling unit R through the translucent wall body 14, so that a natural daylighting feeling can be obtained. In the daylighting structure using a reflector, the reflector is a kind of point light source, and the light is often incident from the ceiling, so that the daylighting feeling is close to that of lighting, whereas in the present embodiment, the translucent wall body 14 is used. External light is evenly incident, and a uniform and uniform lighting feeling can be obtained. Since there is no particular restriction on the size of the translucent wall 14, by adopting a large translucent wall 14, there is a possibility that a feeling of lighting close to that of an LD having a large window on the balcony side can be obtained. .. Further, according to the present embodiment, external light is likely to be incident on the entire dwelling unit R. In the case of a conventional apartment house in which the space 4 between dwelling units is replaced with a seismic wall in FIG. 2, the aperture ratio of dwelling unit R (the ratio of the total length of the lighting part to the total length of the surrounding wall of dwelling unit R) is about 15 to 20%. Become. The main reason for this is that windows are not provided on the walls on both sides of the dwelling unit R along the Y direction, but in order to ensure privacy in the first and second bedrooms BR1 and BR2 facing the outer corridor 3. One of the reasons is that large windows cannot be installed. As a result, in the past, sufficient lighting is often not obtained in bedrooms where there is a high need for lighting. In the present embodiment, since almost the entire surface of the wall on one side of the dwelling unit R along the Y direction can be the translucent wall body 14, an aperture ratio of about 50% can be obtained at the maximum.

Further, in the case of a reflector, regular maintenance is required, but in the present embodiment, even if the translucent wall body 14 is partially soiled, there is no significant effect and the need for maintenance for a long period of time is small. Further, since the translucent wall body 14 itself has light transmissivity, there is no need to provide a window. Therefore, the privacy of the adjacent dwelling unit R is also ensured to the same extent as that of the adjacent conventional apartment house via the RC wall.

The space 4 between dwelling units can also be used as a space for ventilation or ventilation. For example, natural ventilation is possible by attaching windows to the non-transparent walls of the first and second walls W1 and W2. As a result, not only the first bedroom BR1 but also the kitchen K, the unit bath UB, and the toilet T can be naturally ventilated.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, since the first bedroom BR1, LD, kitchen K, and unit bath UB face the translucent wall body 14, the daylighting property of these rooms is improved. However, when the daylighting of the bedroom is emphasized, the floor plan may be set so that the second bedroom BR2 and the third bedroom BR3 face the translucent wall 14 in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a diagram similar to FIG. 4 showing a modified example of the present invention. In this modification, at least one of the first dwelling unit R1 and the second dwelling unit R2 has an optical duct 15 that communicates with the inter-dwelling unit space 4 and can introduce the light collected in the inter-dwelling unit space 4. .. The optical duct 15 is provided as a space between the first and second upper slabs 91 and 92 and the partition plate 16 below the first and second upper slabs 91 and 92, and the partition plate 16 is provided with a louver 17. A part of the light that has entered the space 4 between the dwelling units is introduced into the light duct 15 by reflection, travels while repeating the reflection, and is taken into the space below the louver 17. For example, in the present embodiment, the second bedroom BR2 and the third bedroom BR3 cannot be illuminated by the translucent wall body 14, but can be illuminated by using the optical duct 15.

Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention can be widely applied to buildings other than apartment houses. When the present invention is applied to a school, each section can be, for example, one classroom. When the present invention is applied to a hospital, each compartment can be, for example, one hospital room. When the present invention is applied to an office building, each compartment may be one office or conference room. When the present invention is applied to a hotel or a dormitory, each section can be one guest room. The present invention can also be applied to a tower-shaped apartment house having an inner tube and an outer tube. In particular, the north-facing dwelling unit is inferior to other dwelling units in daylighting conditions, so that the present invention can be suitably applied.

1 Building (apartment housing)
4 Space between dwelling units (space that can be illuminated)
6 Connecting part 14 Translucent wall body (translucent wall body)
15 Light duct 71 1st pillar 72 2nd pillar 81 1st lower slab 91 1st upper slab 82 2nd lower slab 92 2nd upper slab R1 1st section (1st dwelling unit)
R2 2nd section (2nd dwelling unit)
R3 3rd section (3rd dwelling unit)
Peripheral walls of W dwelling units W1, W2 1st and 2nd walls (walls facing the space between dwelling units)

Claims (8)

The first and second compartments, each defined by a wall and adjacent to each other laterally through a daylightable space,
It has a connecting portion provided in the space and connecting the first section and the second section.
A building in which at least a part of a wall facing the space of the first section and the second section is made of a transparent wall body. The building according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the space is opened and the side surfaces of the space not facing the first section and the second section are open. The building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 40% or more of the walls facing the space of the first section and the second section are made of the translucent wall body. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the connecting portion is composed of a plurality of steel beams. A plurality of first pillars provided between the first lower slab and the first upper slab that define the vertical range of the first section, and
It has a plurality of second pillars provided between the second lower slab and the second upper slab that define the vertical range of the second compartment.
The plurality of steel beams connect the first lower slab and the second lower slab, and the first upper slab and the second upper slab, respectively, and the first and second columns. The building according to claim 4, wherein is a steel column which is connected to the plurality of steel beams and supports the wall body. The invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one of the first compartment and the second compartment has an optical duct that communicates with the space and can introduce the light collected in the space. Building. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which has a third section adjacent to the second section via an earthquake-resistant wall on the opposite side of the second section from the first section. .. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the building is an apartment house.

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