JP2020131370A - Machine tool - Google Patents

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JP2020131370A
JP2020131370A JP2019028689A JP2019028689A JP2020131370A JP 2020131370 A JP2020131370 A JP 2020131370A JP 2019028689 A JP2019028689 A JP 2019028689A JP 2019028689 A JP2019028689 A JP 2019028689A JP 2020131370 A JP2020131370 A JP 2020131370A
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cutting
tool
cutting load
edge position
torque
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貴司 順教寺
Takashi Junkyoji
貴司 順教寺
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Okuma Corp
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Okuma Machinery Works Ltd
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Abstract

To effectively prevent damage and significant breakage of a blade table, caused by a cutting load.SOLUTION: An NC lathe 1 comprises: a main shaft 2 that is rotated and controlled; a blade table 10 having a tool 12 and that is moved and controlled; a main shaft torque detection unit 21 that detects main shaft torque of a main shaft motor 3; a blade edge position calculation unit 22 that calculates a blade edge position of the tool 12 from position information of the blade table 10 and a tool length correction value; a cutting load calculation unit 23 that, based on the main shaft torque obtained during a process and the blade edge position, calculates cutting load torque that may be applied to the blade table 10; and a determination unit 25 that determines presence or absence of an excessive load on the blade table 10 by comparing the calculated cutting load torque with a permissible value set in advance.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、ワークを旋削加工するＮＣ旋盤等の工作機械に関する。 The present invention relates to a machine tool such as an NC lathe that turns a workpiece.

ＮＣ旋盤等の工作機械においては、大径ワークに対応して主軸中心から離れた位置でも高負荷の加工ができるように高トルクの主軸を備えたものがある。このため、主軸中心の近くで加工を行うと、主軸トルクに余裕があっても刃物台への負荷が許容値を超える場合がある。よって、過大な切削負荷が生じた場合は、これを検知してアラーム停止させるようになっている。この過大な切削負荷への対応として、例えば特許文献１には、過大な切削負荷が加わった際、タレットの結合部材を破断させてタレットを回転可能とすると共に、タレットの回転を油圧で検知して非常停止させる機構が開示されている。また、特許文献２には、切削負荷によって変化する主軸回転数及び入力電力から入力トルクを計算し、主軸回転数の変化率と主軸を含む回転体のイナーシャとから補正トルクを計算し、入力トルクと補正トルクとから実切削トルクを算出する方法が開示されている。 Some machine tools such as NC lathes are equipped with a high torque spindle so that high-load machining can be performed even at a position away from the spindle center in response to a large-diameter workpiece. Therefore, if machining is performed near the center of the spindle, the load on the tool post may exceed the permissible value even if the spindle torque has a margin. Therefore, when an excessive cutting load occurs, it is detected and the alarm is stopped. As a countermeasure against this excessive cutting load, for example, in Patent Document 1, when an excessive cutting load is applied, the connecting member of the turret is broken to make the turret rotatable, and the rotation of the turret is detected by hydraulic pressure. The mechanism for making an emergency stop is disclosed. Further, in Patent Document 2, the input torque is calculated from the spindle rotation speed and the input power that change depending on the cutting load, the correction torque is calculated from the rate of change of the spindle rotation speed and the inertia of the rotating body including the spindle, and the input torque is calculated. And a method of calculating the actual cutting torque from the correction torque are disclosed.

特開平４−１０５８０３号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-105803 特開平９−２７２０４４号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-272044

特許文献１の機構では、結合部材の破断が前提となるため、停止後に再稼働するためには新たな結合部材でタレットを結合する作業や調整作業が必要となり、手間やコストがかさむ。よって、特許文献２のように主軸モータの回転出力で検知・判定するのが望ましいが、主軸側の情報のみを確認しながら判定すると、気づかないうちに刃物台やその摺動面等にダメージを与えていたり、刃物台側に重大な損傷が生じたりするおそれがある。 Since the mechanism of Patent Document 1 is premised on the breakage of the connecting member, the work of joining the turret with a new connecting member and the adjustment work are required in order to restart the operation after the stop, which increases labor and cost. Therefore, it is desirable to detect and judge by the rotational output of the spindle motor as in Patent Document 2, but if the judgment is made while checking only the information on the spindle side, the tool post and its sliding surface will be damaged without being noticed. It may be given or serious damage may occur on the tool post side.

そこで、本発明は、切削負荷による刃物台側へのダメージや重大な損傷を効果的に防止することができる工作機械を提供することを目的としたものである。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool capable of effectively preventing damage to the tool post side and serious damage due to a cutting load.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項１に記載の発明は、回転制御される主軸と、工具を備えて移動制御される刃物台と、前記主軸の回転出力を検知する出力検知手段と、前記刃物台の位置情報と工具長補正値とから前記工具の刃先位置を算出する刃先位置算出手段とを備えた工作機械であって、
前記出力検知手段によって加工中に得られる前記回転出力と、前記刃先位置算出手段によって加工中に得られる前記刃先位置とに基づいて、前記刃物台に加わる切削負荷を算出する切削負荷算出手段と、
算出された前記切削負荷を予め設定された許容値とを比較して前記刃物台への過負荷の有無を判別する判定手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１の構成において、ワーク及び前記工具に係る情報と加工プログラムとに基づいて切削加工のシミュレーションを実行可能な加工シミュレーション手段をさらに備え、
前記切削負荷算出手段は、前記シミュレーション上の切削条件及び前記刃先位置に基づいて前記切削負荷を算出可能であり、前記判定手段は、前記シミュレーション上で算出した前記切削負荷を前記許容値と比較して前記過負荷の有無を判別可能であることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 comprises a spindle whose rotation is controlled, a tool post whose movement is controlled by providing a tool, an output detecting means for detecting the rotation output of the spindle, and the above. A machine tool provided with a cutting edge position calculating means for calculating the cutting edge position of the tool from the position information of the tool post and the tool length correction value.
A cutting load calculating means for calculating the cutting load applied to the tool post based on the rotational output obtained during machining by the output detecting means and the cutting edge position obtained during machining by the cutting edge position calculating means.
It is characterized by including a determination means for comparing the calculated cutting load with a preset allowable value to determine whether or not there is an overload on the tool post.
The invention according to claim 2 further includes, in the configuration of claim 1, a machining simulation means capable of executing a simulation of cutting based on information on a work and the tool and a machining program.
The cutting load calculating means can calculate the cutting load based on the cutting conditions in the simulation and the cutting edge position, and the determining means compares the cutting load calculated in the simulation with the allowable value. It is characterized in that it is possible to determine the presence or absence of the overload.

請求項１に記載の発明によれば、加工中の刃物台側への過大な切削負荷を迅速に把握できる。よって、切削負荷による刃物台側へのダメージや重大な損傷を効果的に防止することができる。
請求項２に記載の発明によれば、請求項１の効果に加えて、シミュレーション上でも過負荷の有無が判別可能であるので、実加工を行う前に切削加工の適否を判断でき、切削条件の修正等の対応が可能となる。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, an excessive cutting load on the tool post side during machining can be quickly grasped. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent damage to the tool post side and serious damage due to the cutting load.
According to the invention of claim 2, in addition to the effect of claim 1, the presence or absence of overload can be determined even in simulation, so that the suitability of cutting can be determined before actual machining, and the cutting conditions can be determined. It is possible to take measures such as correction of.

ＮＣ旋盤の概略図である。It is a schematic diagram of an NC lathe.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図１は、工作機械の一例であるＮＣ旋盤の概略図である。ＮＣ旋盤１において、主軸２は、主軸モータ３を備え、チャック４によって把持したワークＷを回転させる。刃物台１０は、回転位置決め可能なタレット１１に、複数の工具１２を備えている。
また、主軸モータ３の回転及び刃物台１０の移動及びタレット１１の回転を制御するＮＣ装置２０内には、回転出力となる主軸モータ３の主軸トルクを検知する出力検知手段としての主軸トルク検知部２１と、刃物台１０の位置情報と工具長補正値とから工具１２の刃先位置を算出する刃先位置算出手段としての刃先位置算出部２２とが設けられている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an NC lathe which is an example of a machine tool. In the NC lathe 1, the spindle 2 includes a spindle motor 3 and rotates a work W gripped by a chuck 4. The tool post 10 includes a plurality of tools 12 on a turret 11 that can be rotationally positioned.
Further, in the NC device 20 that controls the rotation of the spindle motor 3, the movement of the tool post 10, and the rotation of the turret 11, the spindle torque detection unit as an output detecting means for detecting the spindle torque of the spindle motor 3 that is the rotation output. 21 and a cutting edge position calculation unit 22 as a cutting edge position calculating means for calculating the cutting edge position of the tool 12 from the position information of the tool post 10 and the tool length correction value are provided.

さらに、ＮＣ装置２０内には、主軸トルク検知部２１から得られる主軸トルクと、刃先位置算出部２２から得られる刃先位置とに基づいて、刃物台１０に加わる切削負荷トルクを算出する切削負荷算出手段としての切削負荷算出部２３と、算出した切削負荷トルク及びその許容値を含む各パラメータを記憶する記憶部２４と、切削負荷算出部２３で算出した切削負荷トルクと記憶部２４に記憶された許容値とを比較して過大な切削負荷が生じたか否かを判定する判定手段としての判定部２５とが設けられている。
加えて、ＮＣ装置２０内には、ワークＷ及び工具１２に係る情報（形状データ等）と記憶部２４に記憶される加工プログラムとに基づいて切削加工のシミュレーションを実行し、その結果を図示しないモニタ等へ出力可能な加工シミュレーション手段としての加工シミュレーション部２６も設けられている。 Further, in the NC device 20, the cutting load calculation for calculating the cutting load torque applied to the tool post 10 based on the spindle torque obtained from the spindle torque detecting unit 21 and the cutting edge position obtained from the cutting edge position calculation unit 22. The cutting load calculation unit 23 as a means, the storage unit 24 that stores the calculated cutting load torque and each parameter including the allowable value thereof, and the cutting load torque and the storage unit 24 calculated by the cutting load calculation unit 23 are stored. A determination unit 25 is provided as a determination means for determining whether or not an excessive cutting load has occurred by comparing with the allowable value.
In addition, in the NC device 20, a simulation of cutting is executed based on the information (shape data, etc.) related to the work W and the tool 12 and the machining program stored in the storage unit 24, and the result is not shown. A machining simulation unit 26 is also provided as a machining simulation means that can be output to a monitor or the like.

このＮＣ装置２０は、ワークＷの加工中は、主軸トルク検知部２１で主軸トルクを、刃先位置算出部２２で刃先位置をそれぞれ取得して、主軸トルクと刃先位置とに基づいて刃物台１０に加わる切削負荷トルクを算出する。そして、判定部２５で切削負荷トルクを許容値と比較して過大な切削負荷が生じたと判断した場合には、機械の運転をアラーム停止させるようになっている。
一方、図示しない入力手段からのワークＷの形状や工具１２の形状、加工プログラムの入力により、加工シミュレーション部２６において切削加工のシミュレーションを行うと共に、当該シミュレーション上での刃先位置と切削条件とにより、切削負荷算出部２３が切削負荷トルクを算出可能となっている。そして、加工中と同様に、判定部２５が算出した切削負荷トルクと許容値とを比較して過大な切削負荷が生じたか否かを判定できるようになっている。 During machining of the work W, the NC device 20 acquires the spindle torque by the spindle torque detecting unit 21 and the cutting edge position by the cutting edge position calculation unit 22, and sets the tool post 10 based on the spindle torque and the cutting edge position. Calculate the applied cutting load torque. Then, when the determination unit 25 compares the cutting load torque with the permissible value and determines that an excessive cutting load has occurred, the operation of the machine is stopped by an alarm.
On the other hand, the machining simulation unit 26 simulates cutting by inputting the shape of the work W, the shape of the tool 12, and the machining program from an input means (not shown), and the cutting edge position and cutting conditions on the simulation are used. The cutting load calculation unit 23 can calculate the cutting load torque. Then, as in the case of machining, it is possible to determine whether or not an excessive cutting load has occurred by comparing the cutting load torque calculated by the determination unit 25 with the allowable value.

以下、切削負荷算出部２３による切削負荷トルクの算出方法について説明する。
まず、設計上刃物台１０が許容できる負荷トルクを許容値として求めて記憶部２４に記憶しておく。この許容値は、刃物台１０が破損に至る最大の負荷トルクではなく、摺動面等にも不具合が起きないように最も弱い部分が許容できる負荷トルクである。これは、刃物台１０の質量や想定される外力、摺動面の摩擦係数等を用いて予め設定された計算式により算出する。
ここで、加工シミュレーション部２６で事前に加工をシミュレーションする場合は、ワークＷの比切削抵抗をパラメータで設定して記憶部２４に記憶しておくことで、シミュレーション上の刃先位置、切込み量、送り量から刃物台１０に加わる切削負荷トルクを以下の式（１）によって算出することができる。算出された切削負荷トルクが許容値を超える場合はアラーム停止となるため、その旨報知される。 Hereinafter, a method of calculating the cutting load torque by the cutting load calculation unit 23 will be described.
First, the load torque that can be tolerated by the tool post 10 in design is obtained as an allowable value and stored in the storage unit 24. This permissible value is not the maximum load torque that causes the tool post 10 to break, but the load torque that the weakest part can tolerate so that a defect does not occur on the sliding surface or the like. This is calculated by a preset formula using the mass of the tool post 10, the assumed external force, the friction coefficient of the sliding surface, and the like.
Here, when the machining simulation unit 26 simulates machining in advance, the specific cutting resistance of the work W is set as a parameter and stored in the storage unit 24, so that the cutting edge position, cutting amount, and feed in the simulation are stored. The cutting load torque applied to the tool post 10 can be calculated from the amount by the following equation (1). If the calculated cutting load torque exceeds the permissible value, the alarm will stop, and a notification to that effect will be given.

Ｔｔ＝ｔ×ｆ×ｋ×Ｌｔ ・・（１）
Ｔｔ：刃物台に加わる切削負荷トルク
ｔ：切込み量
ｆ：１回転当たりの送り量
ｋ：比切削抵抗
Ｌｔ：刃物台中心から刃先までのＸ方向距離 Tt = t × f × k × Lt ・ ・ (1)
Tt: Cutting load torque applied to the turret t: Cutting amount f: Feed amount per rotation k: Specific cutting resistance Lt: Distance in the X direction from the center of the turret to the cutting edge

一方、実加工の場合は、工具長補正値と刃物台１０の位置座標とから刃先位置が分かるため、以下の式（２）によって、切削送り動作中の主軸トルクと刃先位置とから刃物台１０に加わる切削負荷トルクを算出することができる。算出された切削負荷トルクが許容値を超える場合はアラーム停止となる。 On the other hand, in the case of actual machining, the cutting edge position can be known from the tool length correction value and the position coordinates of the tool post 10. Therefore, the tool post 10 is obtained from the spindle torque and the cutting edge position during the cutting feed operation by the following equation (2). The cutting load torque applied to can be calculated. If the calculated cutting load torque exceeds the permissible value, the alarm will stop.

Ｔｔ／Ｌｔ＝Ｔｓ／Ｌｓから
Ｔｔ＝Ｔｓ×Ｌｔ／Ｌｓ ・・（２）
Ｔｔ：刃物台に加わる切削負荷トルク
Ｔｓ：主軸トルク
Ｌｓ：主軸中心から刃先までのＸ方向距離
Ｌｔ：刃物台中心から刃先までのＸ方向距離 From Tt / Lt = Ts / Ls Tt = Ts × Lt / Ls ... (2)
Tt: Cutting load torque applied to the tool post Ts: Spindle torque Ls: Distance in the X direction from the center of the spindle to the cutting edge Lt: Distance in the X direction from the center of the tool post to the cutting edge

このように、上記形態のＮＣ旋盤１によれば、主軸トルク検知部２１によって加工中に得られる主軸トルクと、刃先位置算出部２２によって加工中に得られる刃先位置とに基づいて、刃物台１０に加わる切削負荷トルク（切削負荷）を算出する切削負荷算出部２３と、算出された切削負荷トルクを予め設定された許容値とを比較して刃物台１０への過負荷の有無を判別する判定部２５とを備えたことで、加工中の刃物台１０側への過大な切削負荷トルクを迅速に把握できる。よって、切削負荷トルクによる刃物台１０側へのダメージや重大な損傷を効果的に防止することができる。 As described above, according to the NC lathe 1 of the above-described embodiment, the tool post 10 is based on the spindle torque obtained during machining by the spindle torque detection unit 21 and the cutting edge position obtained during machining by the cutting edge position calculation unit 22. A determination to determine whether or not there is an overload on the tool post 10 by comparing the cutting load calculation unit 23 that calculates the cutting load torque (cutting load) applied to the cutting load torque with a preset allowable value of the calculated cutting load torque. By providing the portion 25, it is possible to quickly grasp the excessive cutting load torque on the tool post 10 side during machining. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent damage to the tool post 10 side and serious damage due to the cutting load torque.

特にここでは、ワークＷ及び工具１２に係る情報と加工プログラムとに基づいて切削加工のシミュレーションを実行可能な加工シミュレーション部２６をさらに備え、切削負荷算出部２３は、シミュレーション上の切削条件及び刃先位置に基づいて切削負荷を算出可能であり、判定部２５は、シミュレーション上で算出した切削負荷を許容値と比較して過負荷の有無を判別可能であるので、実加工を行う前に切削加工の適否を判断でき、切削条件の修正等の対応が可能となる。 In particular, here, a machining simulation unit 26 capable of executing a simulation of cutting based on information related to the work W and the tool 12 and a machining program is further provided, and the cutting load calculation unit 23 includes cutting conditions and cutting edge positions on the simulation. The cutting load can be calculated based on the above, and the determination unit 25 can compare the cutting load calculated on the simulation with the permissible value to determine the presence or absence of overload. Therefore, the cutting process is performed before the actual processing is performed. Appropriateness can be judged, and it is possible to take measures such as correcting cutting conditions.

なお、上記形態では、算出された切削負荷トルクが許容値を超える場合は直ちにアラーム停止としているが、運転を停止させずにアラームによる報知にとどめて、許容値を超える場合が所定回数に達した場合に運転を停止するようにしてもよい。また、許容値を高低複数設定して、低い許容値を超える場合は報知にとどめ、高い許容値を超える場合は運転を停止するようにしてもよい。
さらに、工作機械としては上記形態のＮＣ旋盤に限らず、複合加工機等であっても差し支えない。よって、上記式（１）（２）で用いる刃物台中心から刃先までの距離は工作機械に応じて異なり、Ｘ方向に限定されない。 In the above embodiment, when the calculated cutting load torque exceeds the permissible value, the alarm is stopped immediately. However, the alarm stops without stopping the operation, and the case where the permissible value is exceeded reaches the predetermined number of times. The operation may be stopped in some cases. Further, a plurality of high and low allowable values may be set, and if the low allowable value is exceeded, the notification may be limited, and if the high allowable value is exceeded, the operation may be stopped.
Further, the machine tool is not limited to the NC lathe of the above-mentioned form, and may be a multi-tasking machine or the like. Therefore, the distance from the center of the tool post used in the above equations (1) and (2) to the cutting edge differs depending on the machine tool and is not limited to the X direction.

１・・ＮＣ旋盤、２・・主軸、３・・主軸モータ、４・・チャック、１０・・刃物台、１１・・タレット、１２・・工具、２０・・ＮＣ装置、２１・・主軸トルク検知部、２２・・刃先位置算出部、２３・・切削負荷算出部、２４・・記憶部、２５・・判定部、２６・・加工シミュレーション部、Ｗ・・ワーク。 1 ... NC lathe, 2 ... spindle, 3 ... spindle motor, 4 ... chuck, 10 ... tool post, 11 ... turret, 12 ... tool, 20 ... NC device, 21 ... spindle torque detection Unit, 22 ... Cutting edge position calculation unit, 23 ... Cutting load calculation unit, 24 ... Storage unit, 25 ... Judgment unit, 26 ... Machining simulation unit, W ... Work.

Claims (2)

回転制御される主軸と、
工具を備えて移動制御される刃物台と、
前記主軸の回転出力を検知する出力検知手段と、
前記刃物台の位置情報と工具長補正値とから前記工具の刃先位置を算出する刃先位置算出手段とを備えた工作機械であって、
前記出力検知手段によって加工中に得られる前記回転出力と、前記刃先位置算出手段によって加工中に得られる前記刃先位置とに基づいて、前記刃物台に加わる切削負荷を算出する切削負荷算出手段と、
算出された前記切削負荷を予め設定された許容値とを比較して前記刃物台への過負荷の有無を判別する判定手段とを備えたことを特徴とする工作機械。 The spindle whose rotation is controlled and
A tool post that is equipped with tools and is controlled to move,
An output detecting means for detecting the rotational output of the spindle and
A machine tool provided with a cutting edge position calculating means for calculating the cutting edge position of the tool from the position information of the tool post and the tool length correction value.
A cutting load calculating means for calculating the cutting load applied to the tool post based on the rotational output obtained during machining by the output detecting means and the cutting edge position obtained during machining by the cutting edge position calculating means.
A machine tool provided with a determination means for comparing the calculated cutting load with a preset allowable value to determine whether or not there is an overload on the tool post. ワーク及び前記工具に係る情報と加工プログラムとに基づいて切削加工のシミュレーションを実行可能な加工シミュレーション手段をさらに備え、
前記切削負荷算出手段は、前記シミュレーション上の切削条件及び前記刃先位置に基づいて前記切削負荷を算出可能であり、
前記判定手段は、前記シミュレーション上で算出した前記切削負荷を前記許容値と比較して前記過負荷の有無を判別可能であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の工作機械。 Further equipped with a machining simulation means capable of executing a simulation of cutting based on the information on the workpiece and the tool and the machining program.
The cutting load calculating means can calculate the cutting load based on the cutting conditions in the simulation and the cutting edge position.
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the determination means can determine the presence or absence of the overload by comparing the cutting load calculated on the simulation with the allowable value.
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JP2001105281A (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-17 Nakamura Tome Precision Ind Co Ltd Tool blade tip position display device for turret lathe
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Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58126034A (en) * 1982-01-20 1983-07-27 Yamazaki Mazak Corp Control method for prevention of collision, in numerical control lathe
JPH05324043A (en) * 1992-05-26 1993-12-07 Okuma Mach Works Ltd Numerical controller provided with work simulation display function
JP2001105281A (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-17 Nakamura Tome Precision Ind Co Ltd Tool blade tip position display device for turret lathe
JP2011152631A (en) * 2010-01-28 2011-08-11 Okuma Corp Torque detecting device
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