JP2020105226A - Controlling method of pests - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method exerting excellent controlling effect in control of pests.SOLUTION: The controlling method of pests of the present invention includes a process of subjecting at least one insecticide or bactericide selected from the group consisting of clothianidin, nitenpyram, oxazosulfyl, cartap hydrochloride, spinetoram, pyridalyl, fenitrothion, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, permethrin, dipermethrin, pyriproxyfen, etoxazole, diniconazole M, oxolinic acid, diclocymet, furametpyr, validamycin, ferimzone, fthalide, isotianil, benomyl, diethofencarb, procymidone, triclofos-methyl, fenpyrazamine, mandestrobin, pyridachlomethyl, inpyrfluxam, and metyltetraprole to spot treatment in a plantation of agricultural crops or horticultural crops.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a method for controlling pests.

Conventionally, as a method for controlling pests in agriculture and horticulture, it is known to use an insecticide or a bactericide (Non-Patent Document 1). Spot treatment is used as a method for treating herbicides (Non-Patent Documents 2-3), but no spot treatment for a specific insecticide or fungicide is disclosed.

http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/ Weed Science 27 (1979), 119-121. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 30(2014), 143-152.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for exerting an excellent control effect in controlling pests.

The inventor has found that the spot treatment of the compound of the present invention exerts an excellent control effect against pests and pests which are problematic in agriculture and horticulture.
The present invention includes the following [1] to [4].

[1] Clothianidin, nitenpyram, oxazolfil, cartap hydrochloride, spinetoram, pyridalyl, fenitrothion, esfenvalerate, fenpropatrine, permethrin, cypermethrin, pyriproxyfen, etoxazole, diniconazole in cultivated areas of agricultural or horticultural crops Selected from the group consisting of M, oxolinic acid, diclocymet, flametopyr, validamycin, ferimzone, fusaride, isotianil, benomyl, dietofencarb, procymidone, tolclofos-methyl, fenpyrazamine, mandestrobin, pyridaclomethyl, impirfluxam, and methyltetraprole. A method for controlling pests, which comprises a step of spot-treating at least one insecticide or bactericide.
[2] The method according to [1], wherein the foliage of an agricultural crop or a horticultural crop is treated with an insecticide or fungicide.
[3] The method according to [1] or [2], wherein the agricultural crop is treated with an insecticide or fungicide.
[4] The method according to [3], wherein the crop is a crop selected from the group consisting of rice, wheat, corn, soybean, cotton, canola, sugar beet, sugar cane, and sunflower.

The control method of the present invention enables effective control of pests.

The method for controlling pests of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as the method of the present invention) is a method of producing clothianidin, nitenpyram, oxazolfil in a cultivation place of agricultural crops or horticultural crops (hereinafter also referred to as "the present crop"). , Cartap hydrochloride, spinetoram, pyridalyl, fenitrothion, esfenvalerate, fenpropatrine, permethrin, cypermethrin, pyriproxyfen, etoxazole, diniconazole M, oxolinic acid, diclocymet, flamethopir, validamycin, ferimzone, fusaride, isotianil, benomyl, At least one compound selected from the group consisting of dietofencarb, procymidone, tolclofos-methyl, fenpyrazamine, mandestrobin, pyridaclomethyl, impirfluxam, and methyltetraprol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the compound of the present invention) The step of spot treatment is included.

The compound of the present invention in the method of the present invention is a compound described in Non-Patent Document 1, and can be produced by a known method.

In the method of the present invention, the cultivation place of the crop of the present invention includes a place where the crop of the present invention is cultivated and a place where the crop of the present invention is cultivated.

In the method of the present invention, the spot treatment is a concept opposite to uniformly treating an insecticide or a bactericide, and a place where a pest is generated, or a place where a pest may occur is selective. Means a process of spraying the compound of the present invention. “Treat in situ” means to treat the crop or soil of the present invention in which a pest is or is likely to develop, but is preferably the case of treating the crop of the present invention. In the case of treating the crop of the present invention, it also includes treating only the individual in which the pest is present or may be present in the population of the crop of the present invention, and the pest occurs in the individual of the crop of the present invention. It also includes treating the part that is or is likely to occur. The case where the compound of the present invention is sprayed to a place where no pests are generated due to scattering or transpiration or where no pests are likely to be generated is also included in the spot treatment unless the treatment is uniform. Further, in a continuous cultivation place, it is not regarded as spot treatment only when all of the places where pests or pests are likely to be treated are selectively treated. That is, when a part of the cultivated land is subjected to uniform treatment, or when a part where the pest is generated or a part where the pest may be generated is not treated with the compound of the present invention. Also, if there is a spot-processed place in the continuous cultivation area, it is included in the spot processing.

Specific examples of the spot treatment method will be given below. In the cultivated area of the crop of the present invention, while the spreader walks, or on the device or flight device the spreader travels on the ground, visually recognize the occurrence of pests using a handheld nozzle or robot arm nozzle. Spot treatment may be carried out by spraying the compound of the present invention. Further, spot treatment may be carried out by mapping in advance a place where a pest or a pest is likely to occur and spraying the compound of the present invention based on the map information. In addition to the above method, in spraying based on map information, while the spreader is running or flying, the nozzle on the boom or the robot arm nozzle is used based on the position information (obtained by GPS etc.) of the spreader and the map information. Spot processing may be performed by automatically or manually opening and closing. The map information may be created based on image information taken by a manned or unmanned flying object, etc., and an observer walking on the ground, an observer riding on a device traveling on the ground, or an observation on a flight device. It may be created visually by a person. Furthermore, the traveling or flying spreader has a function of detecting a place where a pest or a pest may occur, and even if spot processing is performed by the boom or robot arm while performing real-time mapping. Good.

The location of the pest can be recognized by image analysis using visible light, in addition to visual recognition by the sprayer or the observer, but it can be recognized by image analysis using a specific wavelength using a hyperspectral image or temperature image. May be. The image analysis may be in the form of visually recognizing the occurrence of the pest by visualizing the screen, but it is also possible to use the image recognition by artificial intelligence (for example, Optim Co., Ltd. December 26, 2017 press release). These images may be taken by a manned or unmanned flying object or the like, and may be taken by a photographer walking on the ground, a photographer riding on a device traveling on the ground, or a photographer riding on a flying device. Good. The place where the pest may occur may be estimated based on the fact that the pest had a patch-like occurrence in the past cultivation period of the crop of the present invention, or estimated from the distribution of the pest in the soil. You may. The distribution of pests in soil may be investigated by soil sampling or estimated by remote sensing. When the pest is a pathogen, the fact that the crop of the present invention is latently infected may be detected and estimated by image analysis (for example, Trends in Plant Science. DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.11.007). ). When the pest is a pest, a place that may occur may be specified by the advance information such as arrival information. Such a technique is known as a form of emerging agriculture called precision agriculture, smart agriculture, digital agriculture, or the like, and the uneven distribution pattern generated by the spot treatment is referred to as VRA (Variable Rate Application) in terms of the emerging agriculture. ).

Examples of the crops of the present invention include the following.
Agricultural crops: corn (horse tooth, hard-grain, soft-grain, explosive, wax, sweet, field corn), rice (long-grain, short-grain, medium-grain, japonica, tropical japonica, indica, javanica) Seeds, paddy rice, upland rice, floating rice, direct sowing, transplanting, non-glutinous rice), wheat (bread wheat (hard, soft, medium, red wheat, white wheat), macaroni wheat, spelled wheat, club wheat, each autumn sowing type, spring sowing Type, barley (two-rowed barley (= beer wheat), six-rowed barley, hadakamugi, glutinous rice, autumn sowing type, spring sowing type), rye (autumn sowing type, spring sowing type), triticale (autumn sowing type, spring sowing type) Type), oats (autumn type, spring type), sorghum, cotton (upland type, pima type), soybean (ripe seed harvest variety, edamame variety, green cutting variety, infinite growth type, finite extension of each) Growing type, semi-finite growth type), peanut (peanut), saito (green beans), lima beans, adzuki beans, cowpeas, mung beans, velvet beans, safflowers, green beans, mousse beans, tepa bean, broad beans, peas, chickpeas, lentils, lupins, peas. , Alfalfa, buckwheat, sugar beet (sugar making, feed, root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fuel), rapeseed, canola (autumn sowing type, spring sowing type), sunflower (oil pressing, edible, ornamental), sugar cane, tobacco, tea tree , Mulberry, etc.
Horticultural crops (vegetables); Solanaceae vegetables (eggplant, tomato, pepper, pepper, bell pepper, potato, etc.), Cucurbitaceae vegetables (cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, melon, squash, etc.), Cruciferae vegetables (radish, turnip) , Horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.), Asteraceae vegetables (burdock, shungiku, artichoke, lettuce, etc.), Liliaceae vegetables (leeks, onions, garlic, asparagus, etc.), Seriaceous vegetables (Carrots, parsley, celery, American sardines, etc.), azalea vegetables (spinach, chard, etc.), Labiatae vegetables (Perilla, mint, basil, lavender, etc.), strawberries, sweet potatoes, yams, taro, etc.,
Horticultural crops (fruit trees); Pome fruit (apple, pear, Japanese pear, Chugoku pear, carin, quince, etc.), drupe (peach, plum, nectarine, plum, sweet cherry, apricot, prunes, etc.), citrus (Unshu mandarin orange, Oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, etc., nuts (chestnuts, walnuts, hazel, almonds, pistachios, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, etc.), berries (blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, raspberries, etc.), grapes, oysters, olives , Loquat, banana, coffee, date palm, coconut, etc.,
Horticultural crops (appreciation): flowering trees, roadside trees (ash, birch, dogwood, eucalyptus, ginkgo, lilac, maple, oak, poplar, redbud, fuu, sycamore, zelkova, kurobe, momoki, tsuga, nezu, pine, spruce, yew ), flowers, ornamental plants, weeds.

The variety of the crop of the present invention described above is not particularly limited as long as it is a variety generally cultivated.

The above-mentioned crop of the present invention may be a plant that can be produced by natural crossing, a plant that can be generated by mutation, an F1 hybrid plant, or a transgenic plant (also referred to as a genetically modified plant). These plants generally have tolerance to herbicides, accumulation of toxic substances to pests (also called pest resistance), suppression of susceptibility to diseases (also called disease resistance), increased yield potential, biological and abiotic organisms. It has properties such as improved resistance to stress factors and quality modification of products (for example, increase/decrease in content of specific components, change in composition, improvement in storability or processability).

The F1 hybrid plant is a first-generation hybrid obtained by crossing two varieties of different strains, and is generally a plant having hybrid vigor characteristics superior to both parents. A transgenic plant has characteristics that cannot be easily obtained by cross breeding in the natural environment, mutagenesis or natural recombination by introducing a foreign gene from another organism such as a microorganism. It is an endowed plant.

Examples of techniques for producing the above-mentioned plants include conventional breed improvement techniques; gene recombination techniques; genome breeding techniques; new breeding techniques; genome editing techniques. The conventional breeding technique is a technique for obtaining a plant having desirable properties by mutation or crossing. Genetic recombination technology is a technology that gives a new property to a target organism (for example, a microorganism) by extracting a target gene (DNA) from the genome of another target organism, or a plant. Antisense or RNA interference techniques that impart new or improved properties by silencing other genes that are present. The genome breeding technique is a technique for improving breeding efficiency using genomic information, and includes a DNA marker (also called a genomic marker or a gene marker) breeding technique and genomic selection. For example, DNA marker breeding is a method of selecting a progeny having a desired useful trait gene from a large number of mating progeny using a DNA marker that is a DNA sequence that serves as a marker for the location of a specific useful trait gene on the genome. is there. By analyzing the progeny of crosses using DNA markers when young plants, it is possible to effectively reduce the time required for breeding.
Genomic selection is a method that creates prediction formulas from previously obtained phenotypes and genomic information, and predicts characteristics without evaluating phenotypes from the prediction formulas and genomic information, contributing to efficient breeding. This is a possible technology. New breeding techniques are a general term for breeding (breeding) techniques that combine molecular biological techniques. For example, cis/intragenesis, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation, genome editing, grafting on GM rootstock or scion, reverse breeding, agroinfiltration, seed production technology (Seed Production Technology, SPT). The genome editing technique is a technique for converting genetic information in a sequence-specific manner, and it is possible to delete a base sequence, replace an amino acid sequence, introduce a foreign gene, or the like. Examples of such tools include zinc finger nucleases (Zinc-Finger Nucleases, ZFNs, ZFNs) capable of sequence-specific DNA cleavage, TALEN, Crisper Cassine (CRISPR/Cas9), Crisper CPF1 (CRISPER). /Cpf1) and Meganuclease. There are also sequence-specific genome modification techniques such as CAS9 nickase and Target-AID created by modifying the above tools.

Examples of the above-mentioned plants include, for example, genetically modified crops (http://www.isaaa.org/) in the electronic information site of the International Agri-Bio Enterprise (INTERNATINAL SERVICE for the ACQUISITION of AGRI-BIOTECH APPLICATIONS, ISAAA). The plants listed in the registration database (GM APPROVAL DATABASE) are listed. More specifically, for example, herbicide-tolerant plants, pest-resistant plants, disease-resistant plants, product quality modification (for example, increase/decrease in the content of components, change in composition, improvement in storability or processability) plants. , Fertility trait-modified plants, abiotic stress-tolerant plants, or plants with traits related to growth or yield.

The following are examples of plants endowed with herbicide tolerance.
Mechanisms of tolerance to herbicides, for example, reduce the affinity of the herbicide with its target; rapid metabolism (degradation, modification, etc.) of the herbicide by expression of an enzyme that inactivates the herbicide; Inhibition of uptake into plants; and inhibition of transfer of herbicides in plants.

Plants endowed with herbicide resistance by gene recombination technology include, for example, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (hereinafter abbreviated as PPO) herbicides such as flumioxazin; 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid such as isoxaflutol and mesotrione. Dioxygenase (hereinafter abbreviated as HPPD) inhibitors; imidazolinone herbicides such as imazethapyr, acetolactate synthase (hereinafter abbreviated as ALS) inhibitors such as sulfonylurea herbicides such as thifensulfuron-methyl; glyphosate etc. 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (hereinafter abbreviated as EPSPS) inhibitor; glutamine synthase inhibitors such as glufosinate; auxinic herbicides such as 2,4-D and dicamba; bromoxynil and the like Some plants have been endowed with resistance to oxynyl herbicides. Preferred herbicide-tolerant transgenic plants are wheat, barley, rye, oats and other wheat, canola, sorghum, soybean, corn, cotton, rice, rapeseed, sugar beet, sugar cane, grape, lentil, sunflower, alfalfa, pome fruit. , Vegetables, such as drupe, coffee, tea, strawberry, grass, tomato, potato, cucumber, lettuce, more preferably wheat, barley, rye, wheat such as oats, soybean, corn, rice, grape, tomato, Potatoes and pomegranates.

The specific herbicide-tolerant plants are shown below.
Glyphosate herbicide-tolerant plants: glyphosate-resistant EPSPS gene (CP4 epsps) derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 and glyphosate N-acetyltransferase gene derived from Bacillus licheniformis N-acetyl transferase gene (gat4601 or gat4621), glyphosate oxidase gene (goxv247) derived from Ochrobacterum anthropi strain LBAA, or EPSPS gene having glyphosate resistance mutation derived from corn (Zea mays) ( It is obtained by introducing one or more of mepsps or 2mepsps). The main plants are, for example, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Argentine canola (Brassica napus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), corn (Zea mays L.) polish canola (Brassica rapa), Examples include potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Several glyphosate tolerant plants are commercially available. For example, a transgenic plant into which CP4 epsps has been introduced has a trade name including "Roundup Ready (registered trademark)", and a transgenic plant into which gat4601 or gat4621 has been introduced is "Optimum GAT (trademark)" or "Optimum (registered trademark)". ) Gly canola" and other trade names, and transgenic plants into which mepsps or 2mepsps are introduced are sold under the trade name of "GlyTol (trademark)". As more specific glyphosate-tolerant plants, for example, corn is "Roundup Ready (trademark) Maize", "Roundup Ready (trademark) 2 Maize", "Agrisure (trademark) GT", "Agrisure (trademark) GT/CB/ LL", "Agrisure(TM) GT/RW", "Agrisure(TM) 3000GT", "YieldGard(TM) VT(TM) Rootworm(TM) RR2" and "YieldGard(TM) VT Triple"; Ready (trademark) Soybean" and "Optimum GAT (trademark)"; Cotton is "Roundup Ready (trademark) Cotton", "Roundup Ready (trademark Flex Cotton" and "GlyTol (trademark)"; Canola is "Roundup Ready (trademark)""Canola" and "Optimum (registered trademark) Gly canola"; alfalfa is "Roundup Ready (trademark) Alfalfa"; rice is "Roundup Ready Rice"; sugar cane is "Roundup Ready (trademark) sugarbeet" and "InVigor (trademark) sugarbeet" Wheat is sold under the trade name of "Roundup Ready(TM) wheat" (Triticum aestivum).
Glyphosinate herbicide tolerant plants: a gene (bar) of phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus (bar), Streptomyces viridochrodide. At least one of the PAT gene (pat) derived from Mogenes (Streptomyces viridochromogenes) or the synthesized PAT gene (pat syn) derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes strain Tu494 (Streptomyces viridochromogenes strain Tu494) It is obtained by introducing. Examples of main plants include Argentine canola (Brassica napus), chicory (Cichorium intybus) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.) polish canola (Brassica rapa), rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybean. (Glycine max L.) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Some glufosinate-tolerant plants are commercially available. For example, transgenic plants into which bar or pat has been introduced are sold under the trade names of “LibertyLink™”, “InVigor™”, or “WideStrike™”. More specific glyphosinate-tolerant plants include, for example, corn "Roundup Ready™ 2", "Liberty Link™", "Herculex™ I", "Herculex RW", "Herculex XTRA™". , "Agrisure (trademark) GT/CB/LL", "Agrisure (trademark) CB/LL/RW" and "Bt10"; cotton is "FiberMax (trademark) Liberty Link (trademark)"; rice is "Liberty Link (trademark)" ) Rice"; canola is sold under the trade name "inVigor(TM) Canola"; soybean under the trade name "Liberty Link(TM) Soybean"; sugar cane under the trade name "Liberty Link(TM) sugar beet".
Plants resistant to oxynyl herbicides (eg, bromoxynil): Obtained by introducing a nitrilase gene (bxn) derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Ozaenae. Examples of main plants include Argentine canola (Brassica napus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Several oxynyl herbicide tolerant plants are commercially available. For example, it is sold under a brand name including "Navigator (trademark)" or "BXN (trademark)". As more specific oxynyl herbicide-tolerant plants, for example, cotton is sold under the trade name of “BXN (trademark) Cotton” and Argentine canola under the trade name of “Navigator (trademark) Cotton”.
ALS herbicide-tolerant plant: Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) into which the ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (surB) derived from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) as a selection marker has been introduced is, for example, "Moondust (trademark)" or "Moonshadow (trademark)" , "Moonshade(TM)", "Moonlite(TM)", "Moonaqua(TM)", "Moonvista(TM)", "Moonique(TM)", "Moonpearl(TM)", "Moonberry(TM)". Or it is sold under the brand name of "Moonvelvet (trademark)". Flax (Linum usitatissumum L.) into which the ALS gene (als) for ALS herbicide resistance derived from Arabidopsis thaliana is introduced, for example, is sold under the trade name of “CDC Triffid Flax”. Corn derived from ALS herbicide tolerant ALS gene (zm-hra) introduced corn having resistance to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides (Zea mays L.) is, for example, a trademark of "Optimum GAT (trademark)" Sold under the name. Soybeans resistant to an imidazolinone herbicide introduced with an ALS herbicide-resistant ALS gene (csr1-2) derived from Arabidopsis thaliana are sold under the trade name of "Cultivance", for example. Soybean in which the ALS herbicide-resistant ALS gene (gm-hra) derived from soybean (Glycine max) is introduced is, for example, a trademark of "Treus (trademark)", "Plenish (trademark)" and "Optimum GAT (trademark)". Sold under the name. Also, there is a cotton introduced with an ALS herbicide-resistant ALS gene (S4-HrA) derived from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi).
HPPD herbicide tolerant plant: Obtained by introducing the HPPD gene (avhppd-03) derived from oat (Avena sativa). For example, at the same time as the above gene, soybean introduced with PAT gene (pat) derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes (Streptomyces viridochromogenes) is a soybean having resistance to mesotrione and glufosinate, as a "Herbicide-tolerant Soybean line". Sold under the trade name.
2,4-D-tolerant plants or ACCase herbicide-tolerant plants: introduced an allyloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene (aad-1) from Sphingobium herbicidovorans 2 Corn that is resistant to 4,4-D or ACCase herbicides is sold, for example, under the trade name "Enlist™ Maize". Soybeans and cottons having resistance to 2,4-D or ACCase herbicide introduced with an allyloxyalkanoate diochigenase gene (aad-12) derived from Delftia acidovorans are known, for example, It is sold under the brand name "Enlist™ Soybean".
Dicamba herbicide-tolerant plant: Obtained by introducing a dicamba monooxygenase gene (dmo) derived from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain DI-6. Soybean and cotton into which the above genes have been introduced are known. Soybean (Glycine max L.) into which a glyphosate-resistant EPSPS gene (CP4 epsps) derived from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 strain (Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4) was introduced at the same time as the above gene, for example, "Genuity (registered trademark) Roundup" It is sold under the trademark "Ready(TM) 2 Xtend(TM)".

Further plants with modified resistance to herbicides are widely known, for example alfalfa, apple, barley, eucalyptus, flax resistant to glyphosate, flax, grapes, lentils, rapeseed, peas, potatoes, rice, sugar beet. , Sunflower, tobacco, tomato, grass, wheat (see, for example, US5188642, US4940835, US5633435, US5804425, US5627061); beans, cotton, soybean, pea, potato, sunflower, tomato, tobacco resistant to dicamba. Corn, sorghum and sugar cane (see for example WO2008/051633, US7105724 and US5670454); soybean, sugar beet, potato, tomato and tobacco resistant to glufosinate (see for example US6376754, US5646024, US5561236); 2,4 Cotton, peppers, apple, tomato, sunflower, tobacco, potato, corn, cucumber, wheat, soybean, sorghum and cereals having resistance to -D (e.g., US6153401, US6100446, WO2005/107437, US5608147 and US5670454. ); Canola, corn, millet, barley, cotton, mustard, lettuce, lentils, melons, millet which are resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides (for example, sulfonylurea herbicides or imidazolinone herbicides) , Oats, nata, potatoes, rice, rye, sorghum, soybeans, sugar beet, sunflower, tobacco, tomato and wheat (see, for example, US5013659, WO2006/060634, US4761373, US5304732, US6211438, US6211439 and US6222100), especially imidazolinone series. Rice having resistance to herbicides is known, and specific mutations (eg, S653N, S654K, A122T, S653(At)N, S654(At)K, A122(At) in the acetolactate synthesis gene (acetohydroxyacid synthase gene) are known. ) T-containing rice (see, for example, US2003/0217381, WO2005/020673); HPPD-inhibiting herbicides (for example, isoxazole herbicides such as isoxaflutol; sulcotrione, mesotrione, etc. Ton herbicides; and pyrazole herbicides such as pyrazolinates) or barley, sugar cane, rice, corn, tobacco, soybeans, cotton, rapeseed, sugar beet, wheat, and wheat having resistance to diketonitrile, which is a decomposition product of isoxaflutole. Potatoes (see, for example, WO2004/055191, WO1996/38567, WO1997/049816 and US6791014); and wheat, soybean, cotton, sugar beet, rapeseed, rice, corn, sorghum, sugar cane and resistant to PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Sugar beets (see, for example, US2002/0073443, US2008/0052798, Pest Management Science, 61, 2005, 277-285).

Examples of plants to which the herbicide resistance has been imparted by conventional breeding technology or genome breeding technology include, for example, rice “Clearfield (registered trademark) Rice” having resistance to imidazolinone-based ALS-inhibiting herbicides such as imazethapyr and imazamox. , Wheat "Clearfield (registered trademark) Wheat", sunflower "Clearfield (registered trademark) Sunflower", lentil "Clearfield (registered trademark) lentils" and canola "Clearfield (registered trademark) canola" (BASF products); Soybean "STS soybean" resistant to sulfonylurea ALS-inhibiting herbicides such as methyl; corn "SR corn" resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors such as trione oxime herbicides and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides (Also known as "Poast Protected (registered trademark) corn"); Sunflower "ExpressSun (registered trademark)" resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides such as tribenuron; Resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor such as quizalofop Rice “Provisia™ Rice”; and canola “Triazine Tolerant Canola” resistant to photosystem II inhibitors; sorghum “Igrowth™” resistant to imidazolinone herbicides.

Canola "SU Canola (registered trademark)" with sulfonylurea herbicide resistance using rapid varieties development technology (Rapid Trait Development System, RTDS (registered trademark)) Are listed. RTDS (registered trademark) corresponds to oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of genome editing technology, and cuts DNA in a plant through Gene Repair Oligonucleotide (GRON), that is, a chimeric oligonucleotide of DNA and RNA. It is a technology that can introduce mutations without using it. Other examples include maize with reduced herbicide resistance and phytic acid content by deleting the endogenous gene IPK1 using zinc finger nuclease (see, for example, Nature 459, 437-441 2009); Crisper Rice cultivated with herbicide tolerance using Cassine (see, for example, Rice, 7, 5 2014).

Examples of plants to which the herbicide resistance has been imparted by the new breeding technology include soybean in which the properties possessed by the GM rootstock have been imparted to the scion by using the breeding technology that utilizes grafting. Specific examples include soybeans in which Roundup Ready (registered trademark) soybean having glyphosate tolerance is used as a rootstock, and glyphosate tolerance is imparted to a non-transgenic soybean scion (see Weed Technology 2013, 27, 412). ..

Examples of the plants imparted with pest resistance are given below.

Examples of plants to which resistance to lepidopteran pests has been imparted by gene recombination technology include, for example, delta-endotoxin (δ-endotoxin), which is an insecticidal protein derived from soil bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (hereinafter abbreviated as Bt bacterium). Maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), poplar (Populus sp.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) into which the gene encoding is introduced. , Eggplant (Solanum melongena) and sugar cane (Saccharum sp.). As a delta-endotoxin imparting resistance to lepidopteran pests, for example, Cry1A, Cry1Ab, modified Cry1Ab (Cry1Ab lacking a part), Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab-Ac (Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac hybrid protein fused), Cry1C, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2 (modified cry1F), moCry1F (modified Cry1F), Cry1A. 105 (hybrid protein in which Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1F are fused), Cry2Ab2, Cry2Ae, Cry9C, Vip3A and Vip3Aa20.
Examples of plants imparted with resistance to Coleoptera pests by gene recombination technology include, for example, corn and potato into which a gene encoding a delta-endotoxin, which is an insecticidal protein derived from a soil bacterium Bt bacterium, is introduced. .. Examples of the delta-endotoxin that imparts resistance to Coleoptera pests include Cry3A, mCry3A (modified Cry3A), Cry3Bb1, Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1, Cry6A, Cry6Aa, and mCry6Aa (modified Cry6Aa).
As a plant imparted with resistance to dipterous pests by gene recombination technology, for example, a corn introduced a synthetic gene encoding a hybrid protein eCry3.1Ab in which Cry3A and Cry1Ab derived from a Bt bacterium which is a soil bacterium are fused. (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) into which a gene encoding a trypsin inhibitor CpTI derived from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) has been introduced. Furthermore, there are poplar and the like into which a gene encoding API, which is a protease inhibitor protein A derived from quay (Sagittaria sagittifolia), is introduced, and it shows resistance to a wide range of pests.
The insecticidal protein that imparts pest resistance to plants also includes hybrid proteins of the above insecticidal proteins, partially deleted proteins, and modified proteins. Hybrid proteins were made by combining different domains of multiple insecticidal proteins using genetic recombination techniques to generate Cry1Ab-Ac and Cry1A. 105 mag is known. As a partially deleted protein, Cry1Ab having a partially deleted amino acid sequence is known. The modified protein is a protein in which one or more amino acids of natural delta-endotoxin are substituted, and Cry1Fa2, moCry1F, mCry3A and the like are known. In addition, the modified protein includes a case where a proteolytic enzyme recognition sequence that does not exist in nature is inserted into a toxin, for example, a cathepsin G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin Cry3A055 (see WO2003/018810. See).
A cotton (event MON88702) into which a modified BT protein Cry51Aa2 (Cry51Aa2.834_16) has been introduced by genetic modification technology has been developed by Monsanto, and the lygus species such as Lygus lineolaris and the hemiptera such as aphids and Frankliniella have been developed. Shows resistance to thrips such as genus species.
In addition, examples of insecticidal proteins that impart pest resistance to plants by gene recombination technology include, for example, Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae-derived insecticidal proteins; plant insecticidal proteins Vip1 and Vip2. , Vip3 (as subclasses, Vip3Aa to Vip3Aj, Vip3Ba, Vip3B and Vip3Ca are known, specifically, for example, Vip3Aa20 and Vip3Aa61 are known) and Vip4; Photorhabdus luminescens and the like. Xenorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus nematophilus or other Xenorhabdus spp. nematode symbiotic (colonizing nematode) bacteria-derived insecticidal protein; scorpion toxin, spider toxin , Toxins produced by animals including insect-specific neurotoxins such as bee toxin; toxins produced by filamentous fungi such as Streptomycetes venom; plant lectins such as pea lectin, barley lectin, snowdrop lectin; Agglutinin; protease inhibitors such as trypsin inhibitor, serine protease inhibitor, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitor; ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) such as lysine, maize-RIP, abrin, ruffin, saporin, bryodin Steroid-metabolizing enzymes such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glucosyltransferase, and cholesterol oxidase; ecdysone inhibitors; HMG-CoA-reductase; sodium channel inhibitors, ion channel inhibitors such as calcium channel inhibitors; Juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone receptor; stilbene synthase; bibenzyl synthase; chitinase; and glucanase.

In addition, plants to which pest resistance has been imparted by introducing one or two or more insecticidal protein genes are already known, and some plants are commercially available.

As an example of the cotton imparted with pest resistance, ``Bollgard (trademark) cotton'', ``BXN (trademark) Plus Bollgard (trademark) Cotton'', ``BXN (trademark) Plus'' expressing the insecticidal protein Cry1Ac derived from Bt bacterium Bollgard (trademark) Cotton", "JK 1", "Roundup Ready (trademark) Bollgard (trademark) Cotton" and "Ingard (trademark)"; Bt bacterium-derived insecticidal protein modified Cry1F (Cry1Fa2) expressing "Herculex (Cry1Fa2)""Trademark)I" and "Herculex (trademark) CB";"VIPCOT (trademark) Cotton" expressing the Bt bacterium-derived insecticidal protein Vip3A; "Bollgard II (trademark) expressing the Bt bacterium-derived insecticidal proteins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab ) cotton, Roundup Ready (trademark) Bollgard II (trademark) Cotton, Roundup Ready (trademark) Flex (trademark) Bollgard II (trademark) Cotton, and ``Fivermax (trademark) Liberty Link (trademark) Bollgard II (trademark) )";"Bollgard III (registered trademark)" and "Bollgard (registered trademark) III x Roundup Ready (trademark) Flex (trademark)" expressing the insecticidal proteins Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab and Vip3A derived from Bt bacterium; "VIPCOT (R) Roundup Ready Flex (Trademark) Cotton" expressing the insecticidal proteins Vip3A and Cry1Ab; "VIPCOT (R) Cotton" expressing the Bt bacteria-derived insecticidal proteins Vip3A and Cry1Ac; Bt-derived insecticide Insecticidal protein derived from Bt bacteria "WideStrike (trademark) Cotton", "WideStrike (trademark) Roundup Ready (trademark) Cotton" and "Widestrike (trademark) Roundup Ready Flex (trademark) Cotton" expressing the sex proteins Cry1Ac and Cry1F "TwinLink™ Cotton" and "Gly that express Cry1Ab and Cry2Ae" tol (trademark) x Twinlink (trademark)";"Widestrike (trademark) 3" and "Widestrike (trademark) x Roundup Ready Flex (trademark) x VIPCOT (expressing the insecticidal proteins Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3A derived from Bt bacteria) “Trade mark) Cotton”; “Glytol™ x Twinlink™ x VIPCOT™ Cotton”, which expresses insecticidal proteins Cry1Ab, Cry2Ae and Vip3A derived from Bt bacteria, and these are commercially available.
As an example of corn imparted with pest resistance, ``YieldGard (registered trademark) Rootworm RW'' expressing the insecticidal protein Cry3Bb1 derived from Bt bacterium, ``YieldGard (trademark) RW + RR'', ``YieldGard (trademark) VT ( Trademark) Rootworm (trademark) RR2" and "MaxGard (trademark)";"YieldGard (registered trademark) VT Triple" and "YieldGard (trademark) Plus with RR"; Bt expressing the insecticidal proteins Cry3Bb1 and Cry1Ab derived from Bt bacteria. "Bt Xtra (trademark) Maize" expressing the insecticidal protein Cry1Ac derived from the fungus; "YieldGard Plus (registered trademark)" expressing the insecticidal proteins Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 derived from the Bt fungus; the insecticidal protein Cry1Ab derived from the Bt fungus Expressed "Bt10", "Liberty Link(TM) Yieldgard(TM) Maize", "Agrisure(TM) GT/CB/LL" and "YieldGard(TM) CB+RR"; insecticidal protein Cry1A from Bt bacteria. "YieldGard(TM) VT Pro(TM)" and "Genuity(R) VT Double Pro(TM)" expressing 105 and Cry2Ab2; "Agrisure(R) RW" expressing the insecticidal protein mCry3A derived from Bt bacteria. And "Agrisure (trademark) GT/RW";"Starlink (trademark) Maize" that expresses the insecticidal protein Cry9C derived from Bt bacterium; "YieldGard (trademark)" that expresses the insecticidal protein Cry1Ab derived from Bt bacterium; MaizeGard(TM), NaturGard KnockOut(TM), Maximizer(TM), Roundup Ready(TM) YieldGard(TM) maize, Agrisure(TM) CB/LL and Mavera(TM) YieldGard. (Trademark) Maize";"Agrisure (registered trademark) 3122" expressing the insecticidal proteins Cry1Ab, Cry1F, modified Cry3A, Cyr34Ab1 and Cyr35Ab1 derived from Bt bacteria; "Agrisure (registered trademark) expressing the insecticidal protein Vip3Aa20 derived from Bt bacteria" Trademark) Viptera";"Agrisure (registered trademark) Viptera (trademark) 2100" and "Agrisure (registered trademark) Viptera (trademark) 3110" expressing insecticidal proteins Vip3Aa20 and Cry1Ab derived from Bt bacterium; "Agrisure(R) Viptera(TM) 3100", "Agrisure(R) Viptera(TM) 3111) and "Agrisure(R) Viptera(TM) 4" expressing proteins Vip3Aa20, Cry1Ab and modified Cry3A; "Agrisure (registered trademark) Viptera (trademark) 3220" expressing the Bt bacterium-derived insecticidal proteins Vip3Aa20, Cry1Ab and modified Cry1F; expressing the Bt bacterium-derived insecticidal protein eCry3.1Ab (Cry3A-Cry1Ab chimeric protein) "Agrisure (registered trademark) Duracade (trademark)"; insecticidal protein eCry3.1Ab (Cry3A-Cry1A) derived from Bt bacteria b chimera protein), modified Cry3A, Cry1Ab and modified Cry1F expressing "Agrisure (registered trademark) Duracade (trademark) 5122"; insecticidal protein eCry3.1Ab (Cry3A-Cry1Ab chimeric protein) derived from Bt bacteria, modified Cry3A "Agrisure (registered trademark) Duracade (trademark) 5222" expressing the modified Cry1Ab and Vip3A variants; "Herculex (trademark) RW" expressing the Bt bacterium-derived insecticidal proteins Cyr34Ab1 and Cyr35Ab1; Bt bacterium-derived insecticide "Herculex XTRA™" expressing proteins Cyr34Ab1, Cyr35Ab1 and Cry1F; insecticidal protein Cry1A. "Genuity (registered trademark) VT Triple Pro (trademark)" expressing 105, Cry2Ab2 and Cry3Bb1; insecticidal proteins Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cyr34Ab1, Cyr35Ab1, Cry3Bb1 and Cry1A. "Genuity (registered trademark) SmartStax (trademark)" expressing 105; insecticidal protein-modified Cry1F, Cry2Ab and Cry1A. "Power Core (trademark)" expressing 105; "Herculex XTRA (trademark) RR" expressing insecticidal protein modified Cry1F, Cyr34Ab1 and Cyr35Ab1 derived from Bt bacterium; insecticidal protein modified Cry1F, Cyr34Ab1, Cyr35Ab1 derived from Bt bacterium , Cry1Ab and modified Cry3A expressing "Optimum (registered trademark) Intrasect Xtreme"; Bt bacterium-derived insecticidal protein modified Cry1F, Cyr34Ab1, Cyr35Ab1 and Cry1Ab expressing "Optimum (registered trademark) Intrasect XTRA"; derived from Bt bacterium "Optimum (registered trademark) TRIsect" which expresses the insecticidal protein modified Cry1F and modified Cyr3A is mentioned, and these are commercially available.
As an example of a plant imparted with other pest resistance, potato expressing insecticidal protein Cry3A derived from Bt bacterium "Atlantic NewLeaf (trademark) potato", "NewLeaf (trademark) Russet Burbank potato", "Lugovskoi plus", "Elizaveta plus", "Hi-Lite NewLeaf (trademark) Y potato, Superior NewLeaf (trademark) potato" and "Shepody NewLeaf (trademark) Y potato"; rice "hanyou" expressing the insecticidal proteins Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac derived from Bt bacteria. 63" and "Huahui-1"; soybean "Intacta™ Roundup Ready™ 2 Pro" expressing the insecticidal protein Cry1Ac derived from Bt bacterium; eggplant "BARI Bt expressing the insecticidal protein Cry1Ac derived from Bt bacterium" Begun-1, -2, -3 and -4", which are commercially available.
Also, corn having resistance to corn rootworms "Yield Gard corn rootworm", "YieldGard VT", "Herculex RW", "Herculex Rootworm" and "Agrisure CRW"; corn resistant to corn borer "Yield Gard corn borer" , "YieldGard plus", "YieldGard VT Pro", "Agrisure CB/LL", "Agrisure 3000GT", "Hercules I", "Hercules II", "KnockOut", "NatureGard" and "StarLink"; Western Beancut Worm , Corn borer, black cut worm and fall army worm resistant corn "Herculex I", "Herculex Xtra", "New Leaf", "New Leaf Y" and "New Leaf Plus"; resistance to corn borer and corn rootworm "Yield Gard Plus" having resistance to cotton bolls "Bollgard I" and "Bollgard II" having resistance to false bollworm; Bollgard worm, cotton ball worm, fall army worm, beet army worm, cabbage looper, soybean looper and pink Cotton worms resistant to ball worms "Bollgard II", "WideStrike(TM)" and "VipCot"; potatoes Smomega resistant potatoes "New Leaf", "New Leaf Y" and "New Leaf Plus"; Eggplants "Bt brinjal", "Dumaguete Long Purple" and "Mara" having resistance to the cotton worm are known (see, for example, US5128130).

Further plants having pest resistance are generally known, for example, Sankamaiga resistant rice (see, for example, Molecular Breeding, Volume 18 (2006), No. 1), Lepidoptera resistant lettuce (for example, See, for example, US5349124), rice having resistance to Lepidoptera (for example, Plutella xylostella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rice yoto, Kobunomeiga, rice case worm, and rice army worm) (see, for example, WO 2001/021821). Methods for producing such plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.

As plants imparted with pest resistance by RNA interference technology, lepidopteran pests (for example, corn borers, corn earworms, black worms and other cut worms and fall army worms), and coleopteran pests (corn rootworms) ) Resistant corn is commercially available or developed under the trade name of "SmartStax (registered trademark)", "SmartStax (registered trademark) Pro" or "Genuity (registered trademark) SmartStax Pro".

As a plant to which pest resistance is imparted by conventional breeding technology or genome breeding technology, for example, aphid resistance gene "Rag1 (Resistance to Aphis glycines 1)" gene or "Rag2 (Resistance to Aphis glycines 2)” Soybean that has resistance to soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) (see J. Econ. Entomol., 2015, 108, 326.); soybean that has resistance to soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) (Phytopathology) , 2016, 106, 1444.); Cotton resistant to Meloidogyne incognita (J. Nematol., 2009, 41, 140); Rice resistant to brown planthopper, "Kanto BPH No. 1"; and Hasmonyoto Soybean "Fukuminori" which shows resistance is mentioned.

These pest-resistant plants are given resistance to any harmful insects (especially Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera), harmful spiders and harmful nematodes. Has been done. Pest-resistant plants are preferably wheat (e.g. wheat, barley, rye, oats), corn, canola, sorghum, soybean, rice, rapeseed, sugar beet, sugar cane, grapes, lentil, sunflower, alfalfa, Pome fruits, drupes, peanuts, coffee, tea, strawberries, turf, vegetables (e.g. tomato, potato, cucurbitaceae and lettuce), more preferably soybean, corn, tomatoes, rice and wheat. It is selected from the class (eg wheat, barley, rye and oats), most preferably from soybean, rice, corn and wheat (eg wheat, barley, rye and oats).

Examples of plants to which disease resistance has been imparted are given below.

Plants imparted with disease resistance by gene recombination technology express, for example, so-called "pathogenicity-related protein" (PRP, for example, EP0392225) or so-called "antifungal protein" (AFP, for example, US6864068). It is a plant that does. Various antifungal proteins having activity against phytopathogenic fungi have been isolated from certain plant species and become common knowledge. Examples of such anti-pathogenic substances and plants capable of synthesizing such anti-pathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP0392225, WO1993/05153, WO1995/33818, and EP0353191. Plants having resistance to fungicidal pathogens, viral pathogens and bacterial pathogens are produced by introducing a disease resistance gene. A number of resistance genes have been identified and isolated and used to improve disease resistance, such resistance genes, for example, to produce tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) resistant tobacco plants. N gene introduced into a tobacco line susceptible to TMV (see, for example, US 5571706), Prf gene introduced into plants to obtain enhanced pathogenic resistance (see, for example, WO1998/02545), And the Rps2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (see, for example, WO1995/028423), which was used to create resistance to bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae. Plants exhibiting a systemically acquired resistance response were obtained by introducing a nucleic acid molecule encoding the TIR domain of the N gene (see eg US 6630618). Further examples of known resistance genes, Xa21 gene has been introduced into a large number of rice varieties (see, for example, US5952485, US5977434, WO1999/009151, WO1996/022375), for the genus colletotrichum (colletotrichum) resistance Rcg1 gene (see, for example, US2006/225152), prp1 gene (see, for example, US5859332, WO2008/017706), ppv-cp gene for introducing resistance to plumpox virus (see, for example, US PP15,154Ps), P1 gene (see, for example, US5968828), genes such as Blb1, Blb2, Blb3, RB2 and Rpi-vnt1 for introducing resistance to potato phytophthora infestans in potato (see, for example, US7148397), LRPKml Gene (see, for example, WO1999/064600), P1 gene for potato virus Y resistance (see, for example, US5968828), HA5-1 gene (see, for example, US5877403 and US6046384), potato virus X (PVX), PIP gene to introduce broad resistance to viruses such as potato virus Y (PVY), potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) (see, for example, EP0707069), and Arabidopsis NI16 to obtain fungal resistance. And genes such as ScaM4 gene and ScaM5 gene (see, for example, US6706952 and EP1018553). Beans that are resistant to Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) are plants whose resistance has been imparted by RNA interference technology, and are double-stranded RNA genes of replication proteins. By introducing (sense and antisense ac1 gene) and inhibiting the synthesis of BGMV replication protein, it shows resistance to BGMV. Methods for producing such plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
Examples of anti-pathogenic substances that can be expressed by such plants include ion channel blockers (sodium channel blockers, calcium channel blockers, etc.); viral KP1, KP4 and KP6 toxins; stilbene synthase; bibenzyl synthase. Chitinase; glucanase; so-called "pathogenicity-related proteins"(PRP; see e.g. EP0392225); anti-pathogenic substances produced by microorganisms (e.g. peptide antibiotics, heterocyclic antibiotics (e.g. WO 1995/033818; )) and protein factors or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defense (so-called “plant disease resistance gene” described in WO2003/000906)).

Anti-pathogenic substances produced by plants can protect the plant from various pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, viruses and bacteria. Useful plants of increasing interest in the context of the present invention include wheat (e.g. wheat, barley, rye and oats), soybean, corn, rice, rapeseed, pome fruit, drupe, peanuts, coffee, tea, strawberries. , Turf; vines and vegetables (for example, tomato, potato), Cucurbitaceae, papaya, melon, lentils, and lettuce, and more preferably soybean, tomato, rice and wheat (for example, wheat, barley, Rye and oats), and most preferably soybean, rice and wheat (eg wheat, barley, rye and oats).
Examples of plants having resistance to fungal pathogens include, for example, soybean having resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae) (see, for example, WO2008/017706); Phytophthora infestans Solanaceae plants, such as cotton, tomato, and potato, which have resistance to Escherichia coli (see, for example, US5859332, US7148397, EP1334979); corn having resistance to the genus Colletotrichum (Colletotrichum graminicola) (for example, US2006 /225152); Apples having resistance to apple scab (venturia inaequalis) (see, for example, WO1999/064600); Fusarium (eg, fusarium graminearum, fusarium sporotrichioides, fusarium lateritium, fusarium pseudograminearum, fusarium sambucinum, fusarium) culmorum, fusarium poae, fusarium acuminatum, fusarium equiseti) (for example, rice, wheat, barley, rye, corn, oat, potato, melon, soybean and sorghum) (see, for example, US6646184, EP1477557); Plants such as corn, soybean, wheat (especially wheat, barley, rye and oats) rice, tobacco, sorghum, sugar cane, potatoes having a wide range of fungicidal resistance (see, for example, US5859332, US5689046, US6706952, EP1018553 and US6020129). ) Is mentioned.
The plants having resistance to bacterial pathogens include, for example, rice having resistance to xylella fastidiosa (see, for example, US6232528); rice having resistance to bacterial blight fungus, cotton, Plants such as soybean, potato, sorghum, corn, wheat, barley, sugar cane, tomato and pepper (see, for example, WO2006/42145, US5952485, US5977434, WO1999/09151, WO1996/22375); Pseudomonas syringae Resistant tomatoes (see, for example, Can. J. Plant Path., 1983, 5:251-255).
Examples of plants having resistance to viral pathogens include, for example, drupes having resistance to plum pox virus (for example, plums, almonds, apricots, cherries, peaches, nectarines) (for example, US PP15154Ps, EP0626449); Potato virus Y (potato virus Y)-resistant potato (see, for example, US5968828); Tomato spotted wilt virus resistant potato, tomato, cucumber And plants such as legumes (see, for example, EP0626449, US5973135); corn having resistance to maize streak virus (see, for example, US6040496); papaya ring spot virus (papaya ring spot virus). virus) resistant papaya (see, for example, S5877403, US6046384); cucumber mosaic virus (cucumber mosaic virus) resistant cucurbitaceae plants (e.g., cucumber, melon, watermelon and pumpkin) and Solanaceae plants ( (Eg potato, tobacco, tomato, eggplant, paprika, pepper and pepper) (see eg US6849780); Cucurbitaceae having resistance to watermelon mosaic virus 2 and zucchini yellow mosaic virus Plants (for example, cucumber, melon, watermelon and pumpkin) (see, for example, US6015942); Potatoes having resistance to potato leafroll virus (see, for example, US5576202); Potato virus X (potato virus X), potato Potato with broad resistance to viruses such as virus Y (potato virus Y) and potato leafroll virus (see, for example, EP0707069); resistant to Bean golden mosaic virus Beans with sex (See, for example, Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Jun;20(6):717-26.).
Some plants are resistant to antibiotics such as kanamycin, neomycin and ampicillin. The naturally occurring bacterial nptII gene expresses an enzyme that blocks the action of the antibiotics kanamycin and neomycin. The ampicillin resistance gene ampR (also known as blaTEM1) is derived from the bacterium Salmonella paratyphi and is used as a marker gene in microbial and plant transformation. ampR is involved in the synthesis of beta-lactamase, an enzyme that neutralizes antibiotics in the penicillin group, including ampicillin. Plants having resistance to antibiotics include, for example, potato, tomato, flax, canola, rapeseed, rapeseed and corn (e.g., Plant Cell Reports, 20, 2001, 610-615, Trends in Plant Science, 11, 2006, 317-319, Plant Molecular Biology, 37, 1998, 287-296, Mol Gen Genet., 257, 1998, 606-13. Plant Cell Reports, 6, 1987, 333-336, Federal. Register (USA), Volume 60, No. 113, 1995, 31139. Federal Register (USA), Volume 67, No. 226, 2002, 70392, Federal Register (USA), Volume 63, No. 88, 1998, 25194, Federal Register (USA), Volume 60, No. 141, 1995, 37870, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, FD/OFB-095-264-A, October 1999, FD/ See OFB-099-127-A, October 1999). Preferably, the plants are selected from soybeans, tomatoes and wheats (e.g. wheat, barley, rye and oats), most preferably soybeans and wheats (e.g. wheat, barley, rye and oats). It
Examples of available plants having resistance to plant viral diseases include, for example, papayas “Rainbow”, “SunUp”, and “Huanong No. 1” that are resistant to Papaya ringspot virus. Potato “Innate (registered trademark) Hibernate”, “Innate (registered trademark) Glaciate” and “Innate (registered trademark) Acclimate”; potato virus Y and/or potato cigar The potato "Newleaf™" which exhibits resistance to the virus (PLRV) can be mentioned.

As a plant that has been given disease resistance by conventional breeding technology or genome breeding technology, rice that has been given resistance to blast (blast); and has been given resistance to sheath blight Rice; wheat with resistance to leaf rust; wheat with resistance to stripe rust; wheat with resistance to stem rust; Wheat resistant to powdery mildew; Wheat resistant to leaf blotch; Wheat resistant to glume blotch; Yellow spot Wheat with resistance to (tan spot); barley with resistance to powdery mildew; barley with resistance to dwarf leaf rust; reticulopathic disease ( barley with resistance to net blotch; barley with resistance to scald; barley with resistance to Lamularia disease; resistance to anthracnose Corn that has been endowed with maize; corn that has been given resistance to gray leaf spots; corn that has been given resistance to Goss's wilt disease; and Fusarium stalk rot corn) resistant to rot); soybean resistant to Asian soybean rust; soybean resistant to phytophthora stem and root rot; sudden death Soybean with resistance to sudden death syndrome; Pepper with resistance to Phytophthora rot; Lettuce with resistance to powdery mildew; Bacterial wilt tomato with resistance to wilt; tomato with resistance to Gemini virus; downy mil lettuce with resistance to dew); cruciferous plants such as rape, cabbage, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, colored green (Borekale) and broccoli with resistance to clubroot; root rot (black) Resistance to rapeseed melon, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis An example is a melon to which sex is imparted (see, for example, WO2009/000736).

As plants to which disease resistance was imparted by genome editing technology, powdery mildew disease resistance gene (MILDEW RESISTACE LOCUS O, hereinafter abbreviated as MLO) was deleted using taren and crisper castine to make udon powder. Bread wheat resistant to disease (powdery mildew) (see, for example, Nat. Biotech., 32, 947-951 2014); by using Crisper Cassine to delete the SlMLO1 gene, which is one of MLO, Slmlo1 tomato (Tomelo) that is resistant to powdery mildew (see, for example, Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 482 2017); Rice resistant to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae causing bacterial leaf blight (see Nat. Biotechnol. 30, 390-392 2012); using Crisper Cassine, the OsERF922 gene in rice By modifying, rice (PLoS ONE 11:e0154027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154027 2016) that is resistant to Magnaporthe oryzae causing blast (see 2016); Crisper Cassine We used cucumber vein yellow ing virus (CVYV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and papaya ringspot virus-type W (PRSV-W) to disrupt cucumber by recessing the recessive eIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E) gene. (See Mol. PlantPathol. 17, 7 1140-1153 2016); Using Crisper Cassine to disrupt the RXLR effector gene (Avr4/6), Phytophthora sojae causes phytophthora stem and root disease. Rot resistant soybean (Mol Plant Pathol 17 (1) 127 -139 See 2016).

As a plant that has been given disease resistance by a new breeding technology, we introduced the Rvi6 (previously called HcrVf2) gene, which is resistant to apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis, using cisgenesis Apples resistant to mold disease (see, for example, Plant Biotech.J., 12, 2-9, 2014); An example of giving panicles the properties of GM rootstock, a breeding technology that uses grafting As a sweet cherry (Plant Biotech. J., 12, 1319-), the properties of which were transferred from a transgenic rootstock having a resistance to Prunus necrotic ringspot virus infection to a non-transgenic spikelet 1328 (see 2014).

Examples of plants whose product quality has been modified are given below.
The product quality modification means an increase or decrease in the synthesis of the modified component or the amount of synthesis of the component as compared with the corresponding wild type plant. Plants with modified product quality include, for example, modified plants with increased or decreased content of vitamins, amino acids, proteins and starches, various oils, and modified plants with reduced nicotine content.

Plants whose product quality has been modified by gene recombination techniques include, for example, alfalfa-derived S-adenosyl-L-methionine: trans-caffeoyl CoA 3 -methyltransferase (ccomt) gene double-stranded chain involved in lignin production. Alfalfa in which RNA-producing gene was introduced to reduce lignin content by RNA interference; triacylglyceride containing lauric acid by introducing 12:0 ACP thioesterase gene from Laurier (Umbellularia californica) involved in fatty acid synthesis Canola with an increased content "Laurical (trademark) Canola"; suppresses the gene expression by introducing a partial gene (gm-fad2-1) of ω-6 desaturase derived from soybean, which is a desaturase of fatty acid, Soybean "Plenish (trademark)" and "Treus (trademark)" with increased oleic acid content; a gene that produces double-stranded RNA of acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase gene (fatb1-A) derived from soybean; Soybean "Vistive Gold (trademark)" in which the saturated fatty acid content was reduced by introducing a gene that produces double-stranded RNA of the soybean-derived δ-12 desaturase gene (fad2-1A); Primrose-derived δ-6 desaturase gene (Pj.D6D) and a delta-12 desaturase gene (Nc.Fad3) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa into which stearidonic acid, which is one of the ω3 fatty acids, was produced; Thermococcus fungus (for starch degradation) Thermococcales sp.) heat-resistant alpha-amylase gene (amy797E) introduced to enhance bioethanol production in corn "Enogen®"; Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of the amino acid lysine ) Maize "Mavera™ Maize" and "Mavera™ YieldGard™ Maize" with increased lysine production by introducing the dihydrodipicolinate synthase gene (cordapA) from; (Granule-bound starch synthase enzyme, GBSS) antisense gene gbss introduced By increasing the amylose content and the amylopectin content in the starch granules, the potatoes "Amflora (trademark)" and "Starch Potato"; the double strands of the transcription factor genes PhL and R1 that promote starch degradation derived from the potatoes Inhibition of starch degradation by introducing RNA-producing genes pPhL and pR1 and inhibition of asparagine synthesis by introducing a gene asn1 that produces double-stranded RNA of Asn1, a gene involved in asparagine production. The aim is to suppress the accumulation of asparagine and reducing sugars involved in the production of acrylamide) and the gene "Pono5" that produces double-stranded RNA of polyphenol oxidase gene Ppo5 derived from potato. "Registered trademark) Cultivate", "Innate (registered trademark) Generate", "Innate (registered trademark) Accelerate", "Innate (registered trademark) Invigorate", "Innate (registered trademark) Glaciate", "Innate (registered trademark) Acclimate" And "Innate (registered trademark) Hibernate"; tobacco having a reduced nicotine content by introducing an antisense gene (NtQPT1) of quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase gene QpTase derived from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum); Β-carotene is produced in the endosperm tissue by introducing the phytoene synthase gene (psy) derived from it and the caroten desaturase gene (crt1) derived from the soil bacterium (Erwinia uredovora) that synthesizes carotenoids and expressing it specifically in the endosperm. One example is rice that can harvest rice containing vitamin A. In addition, for example, potato and corn having a modified amylopectin content (see, for example, US6784338, US2007/0261136, WO1997/04471); canola, corn, cotton, grape, cattail having a modified oil content. , Cowpea (catalpa), rice, soybean, rapeseed, wheat, sunflower, bittern, safflower and vernonia plants (for example, US7294759, US7157621, US5850026, US6441278, US5723761, US6380462, US6365802, US6974898, WO2001). /079499, US2006/0075515 and US7294759); sunflower with increased fatty acid content (see, for example, US6084164); soybean with reduced allergen content (see, for example, US6864362); tobacco with reduced nicotine content (see See, for example, US2006/0185684, WO2005/000352 and WO2007/064636); canola and soybean with increased lysine content (see, for example, Bio/Technology 13, 1995, 577-582); methionine, leucine, isoleucine and And/or corn and soybean with modified valine composition (see, eg, US6946589, US6905877); soybean with increased sulfur amino acid content (see, eg, EP0929685, WO1997/041239); 3 from Escherichia coli Maize with increased methionine content by leaf-specific expression of'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase (3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase) (PNAS, 2017, 114(43 ), 11386.); tomatoes with an increased content of free amino acids (eg asparagine, aspartic acid, serine, threonine, alanine, histidine and glutamic acid) (see eg US6727411); corn with increased amino acid content (eg. See WO05/077117); potato, corn and rice with modified starch content (see for example WO1997/044471 and US7317146) ); Tomato, corn, grape, alfalfa, apple, legume and pea with modified flavonoid content (see, for example, WO00/04175); Corn, rice, sorghum, cotton with modified phenolic compound content And soybeans (see, for example, US2008/0235829); tomatoes and canola with an increased content of vitamin A (see, for example, US6797498, US7348167); tomatoes, canola, soybeans, wheat, sunflowers with an increased content of vitamin E. , Rice, corn, barley and rye (see, for example, US7348167, WO2004/058934); alfalfa, apple, legume, corn, grape, tomato and pea with modified flavonoid content (see, for example, WO00/04175). Are listed. Methods for producing such plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. Preferably, the plant is selected from soybean, canola, tomatoes, rice and wheat (eg wheat, barley, rye and oats), most preferably soybean, canola, rice, wheat and barley.

A rapeseed "Nexera (registered trademark) Canola" that produces unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids as a plant whose product quality has been modified by conventional breeding technology or genome breeding technology; soybean with reduced allergen content “Yumeminori”; rice for the purpose of modifying the taste to be good, for example, rice “Yumepirika” having a reduced amylose content is commercially available. In addition, citrus fruits are known in which the characteristics of fruits by genomic selection (for example, the weight of fruits, the degree of aroma, juiciness and sugar content) are modified (see Scientific Reports 7, 4721 2017).

Examples of plants whose nutrient utilization has been modified include plants in which assimilation or metabolism of nitrogen or phosphorus is enhanced. Plants having enhanced nitrogen assimilation ability and nitrogen utilization ability by gene recombination technology include, for example, canola, corn, wheat, sunflower, rice, tobacco, soybean, cotton, alfalfa, tomato, wheat, potato, sugar beet, sugarcane and Rapeseed can be mentioned (see, for example, WO1995/009911, WO1997/030163, US6084153, US5955651 and US6864405). Examples of plants with improved phosphorus uptake by gene recombination technology include, for example, alfalfa, barley, canola, corn, cotton, tomato, rapeseed, rice, soybean, sugar beet, sugar cane, sunflower, wheat and potato (for example, See US7417181, US2005/0137386). Methods for producing such plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. Preferably, the plant is selected from soybean, tomato and wheat (eg wheat, barley, rye and oats), most preferably soybean, rice, corn and wheat.

Examples of plants whose fertility traits and the like have been modified by gene recombination technology include plants in which male sterility and fertility recovery traits have been imparted to the plants. For example, maize and chicory with male sterility by expressing a ribonuclease gene (barnase) derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in anther tapetum cells; DNA adenine methylase gene (dam) derived from E. coli Maize with male sterility trait by introduction; maize-derived alpha-amylase gene (zm-aa1) giving male sterility trait and ms45 protein gene (ms45) from corn giving fertility recovery trait Fertility traits were controlled by: maize; canola with fertility recovery function by expressing Bacillus ribonuclease inhibitor protein gene (barstar) in tapetum cells of anther; Bacillus giving male sterility trait Examples include canola whose fertility trait is controlled by expressing a ribonuclease gene (barnase) derived from the bacterium and a ribonuclease inhibitor protein gene (barstar) derived from Bacillus that gives a fertility recovery trait. Other plants that have been given fertility traits by gene recombination technology include tomato, rice, mustard, wheat, soybean and sunflower (for example, US6720481, US6281348, US5659124, US6399856, US7345222, US7230168, US6072102, EP1135982, WO2001. /092544 and WO1996/040949). Methods for producing such plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. Preferably, the plant is selected from corn, canola, soybean, rice, tomatoes and wheat (eg wheat), most preferably corn, canola, soybean, rice, wheat.

Plants endowed with abiotic stress tolerance have limited drought, high salinity, high light intensity, high UV irradiation, chemical pollution (e.g. high heavy metal concentrations), low or high temperatures, limited nutrients (i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus). Plants exhibiting increased tolerance to abiotic stress conditions such as feeding and population stress (see, for example, WO 2000/004173, WO 2007/131699, CA2521729 and US 2008/0229448).

Examples of plants to which abiotic stress resistance has been imparted by gene recombination technology include, for example, rice having resistance to drought, corn, soybean, sugar cane, alfalfa, wheat, tomato, potato, barley, rapeseed, beans, oats, sorghum. And cotton (see, for example, WO2005/048693, WO2008/002480, and WO 2007/030001); corn, soybean, wheat, cotton, rice, rapeseed, and alfalfa (see, for example, US4731499 and WO2007/112122) that are resistant to low temperatures. ; High salt-tolerant rice, cotton, potato, soybean, wheat, barley, rye, sorghum, alfalfa, grape, tomato, sunflower and tobacco (see, for example, US7256326, US7034139, WO/2001/030990) .. There is also a corn "Drought Gard (registered trademark)" (Monsanto product) in which a cold shock protein gene cspB of Bacillus subtilis is introduced.

As a plant to which abiotic stress tolerance has been imparted by conventional breeding technology or genome breeding technology, for example, corn having drought tolerance is "Agrisure Artesian (registered trademark)" and "Optimum ( (Registered trademark) AQUAmax (registered trademark)".

As a plant to which other characteristics are imparted, there is a plant whose maturation characteristics are modified. Modifications of maturation characteristics include, for example, delayed ripening, delayed softening and premature maturation. Examples of plants whose maturation characteristics have been modified by gene recombination technology include, for example, shelf life by introducing the S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase gene (sam-K) derived from Escherichia coli bacteriophage T3 relating to plant hormone ethylene production. Improved melon and tomato; a gene lacking a part of the tomato-derived ACC synthase gene involved in plant hormone ethylene production, an ACC deaminase gene from Pseudomonas chlororaphis that decomposes ACC that is an ethylene precursor, Shelf by introducing at least one of a gene that produces double-stranded RNA of polygalacturonase gene derived from tomato that decomposes pectin on cell wall, or an ACC oxidase gene derived from tomato that is involved in ethylene production Tomato with improved shelf life; tomato “FLAVR SAVR (trademark)” with improved shelf life by introducing a gene pg that produces double-stranded RNA of polygalacturonase gene derived from tomato. Other plants whose maturation properties have been modified by gene recombination technology include, for example, tomato, melon, raspberry, strawberry, muskmelon, pepper and papaya with delayed ripening (for example, US 5767376, US7084321, US6107548). , US5981831, WO1995/035387, US5952546, US5512466, WO1997/001952, WO1992/008798 and Plant Cell. 1989, 53-63. See Plant Molecular Biology, 50, 2002). Methods for producing such plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. Preferably, the plants are fruits (e.g. tomatoes, vines, melons, papayas, bananas, peppers, raspberries and strawberries); drupe (e.g. cherries, apricots and peaches); Pear); and citrus fruits (e.g., citron, lime, orange, pomelo, grapefruit, and mandarin), and more preferably selected from tomato, melon, papaya, vine, apple, banana, orange, and strawberry, Most preferred are tomato, melon and papaya.

Examples of plants to which other quality alterations have been imparted by gene recombination technology include, for example, by introducing a 3-phytase gene (phyA) derived from Aspergillus niger, which is a plant phytic acid-degrading enzyme, into the plant. Canola "Phytaseed (registered trademark) Canola" with enhanced decomposition of phytic acid; dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene derived from petunia (Petunia hybrida), which is an enzyme that produces blue pigment delphinidin and its derivatives, and petunia, Carnations "Moondust (trademark)" and "Moonshadow" in which flower color was controlled to blue by introducing flavonoid-3',5'-hydroxylase gene derived from pansy (Viola wittrockiana), salvia (Salvia splendens) or carnation. (Trademark), "Moonshade (trademark)", "Moonlite (trademark)", "Moonaqua (trademark)", "Moonvista (trademark)", "Moonique (trademark)", "Moonpearl (trademark)", "Moonberry (trademark)". Trademark)” and “Moonvelvet™”; anthocyanin-5-acyltransferase gene from Torenia (Torenia sp.), which is an enzyme that produces blue pigment delphinidin and its derivatives, and flavonoid-3,5′ from pansy. -A rose whose flower color was controlled to be blue by introducing a hydroxylase gene; a rice having an alleviating effect on hay fever by introducing a modified cedar pollen antigen protein gene (7crp); Maize with enhanced degradation of endogenous phytic acid by introducing 3-phytase gene (phyA); Produces high quality fiber with improved fiber micronaire, increased fiber strength, length uniformity and color Cotton (see, for example, WO1996/26639, US7329802, US6472588 and WO2001/17333).

Examples of plants whose traits related to growth and yield are modified include, for example, plants having enhanced growth ability. For plants whose traits related to growth and yield have been modified by gene recombination technology, for example, by introducing a gene (bbx32) encoding a transcription factor that regulates diurnality from Arabidopsis thaliana, the growth of plants was enhanced. Soybean with high expected yield as; Arabidopsis thaliana-derived homeodomain-leucine 14 zipper (HD-Zip) family class II HD-Zip II) As a result, high-yielding corn has been developed.

As a plant whose quality has been modified by genome editing technology, a zinc finger nuclease was used to delete the IPK1 gene encoding inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase, which is an enzyme of phytic acid biosynthesis. Loss of phytic acid reduced the maize "ZFN-12 maize"; by using Crisper Cassine, the gene encoding polyphenol oxidase was deleted to impart browning resistance. Mushrooms (see, for example, Nature., Vol 532, 21 APRIL 2016).

As a plant whose quality has been modified by the new breeding technology, for example, by using cisgenesis, a low polyphenol oxidase (enzyme that causes browning)-producing gene sequence GEN-03 isolated from apple should be introduced into a new apple variety. "Arctic (registered trademark)", an apple that reduces polyphenol oxidase expression and does not turn brown; a salt-resistant tomato stand that gives the scion the properties of GM rootstock, which is a breeding technology that uses grafting Tomatoes obtained by imparting salt resistance to non-transgenic tomato tomatoes using trees (see Physiol Plantarum, 124, 465-475 2005) are mentioned.

In rice, genes showing resistance to many diseases, pests and abiotic stress are known, and resistant varieties into which these genes have been introduced are actively produced. Diseases in rice, and as genes showing resistance to abiotic stress, for example, BPH1, BPH2, BPH3, BPH4, BPH5, BPH6, BPH7, BPH8, BPH9, BPH10, BPH11, BPH12, BPH13, BPH14, BPH15, BPH17. , BPH18, BPH19, BPH20, BPH21, BPH22, BPH23, BPH24, BPH25, BPH26, BPH27, BPH28, BPH29, BPH32, qBPH-12, qBPHR-1, qBPHR-3, qBPHR-8, qBPHR-5-1qBPHR-5. -2 qBPHR-11-1, qBPHR-11-2 and other planthopper resistance genes; sedron plant resistance such as WBPH1, WBPH2, WBPH3, WBPH4, WBPH5, WBPH6, OVC, qOVA-5-2, qOVA1-3, qOVA5-1 Sex genes: Qsbph2b, Qsbph3, Qsbph3b, Qsbph3c, Qsbph3d, Qsbph4, Qsbph8, Qsbph11, Qsbph11d, Qsbph11e, Qsbph11f, Q3bH4, H6, H3, H6, H3, Hs6, Hs4H4 , GLH9, GLH10, GLH11, GLH12, GLH13, GRH1, GRH2, GRH3, GRH4, GRH5, Zlh1, Zlh2, Zlh3, qGRH-4, qGRH-2, qGRH-5, qGRH-6, qGRH-11, qGRH-3 Such as leafhopper resistance gene; SB, etc., resistance plant such as SB, etc.; Pii, PI65, PIZT, PI24, PI29, PI25, Pi-jnw1, PB1, PIQ6, PID3, PI67, PITQ5, PITP, PITQ6, PLM2, PISE3, IPI , PISE1, PI157, PIQ4, PI21, PIA, PIB, PIK, PIKUR1, PIKUR2, PI3, PIF, PIZH, PIR4, PIR7, PI30, PI, PIGD2, PIG, PIGD3, PIGD1, PIZ, PI(, PI18, PIM, PI17, PI20, PI1, PI19, PI5, PISH, PI10, PI9, PI21, PI22, PI44, PI22, PI13, PII, PIB1, PIQ1, PIQ2, PIQ3, PIIS1, PII2, PI62, PI12, IPI3, PI14, PI15 , PI16, PIT, PI11, PI6, PI23, PI14, PI11, PIIS2, PIB2, PI12, PI39, PI40, PITA, PIR2-3, PIR9-2, PIR12-2, PIRF2-1, qRBR-2, qRBR-3 , PI27, PI28, PI26, PIGM, PI47, PI48, PI7, PI56, PI49, PI34, PIKG, PI38, PI32, PI31, PI46, PIX, PIXY, Pita3, PI41, PI42, PI2, PI36, PI37, PIKH, PIKM , PIKP, PI35, PIZ5, PIB2, PI43, PI50, PI51, PID1, PIY1, PIY2, PI55-2, PICO39, PI55-1, PIBH8, PIR7A, PIR7B, PID2, PI33, qBFR4-1, qBFR4-2, qRBR -2, qRBR-3, qRBR-8, qRBR-1-1, qRBR-1-3, qRBR-7-1, qRBR-7-2, qRBR-9-1, qRBR-9-2, qRBR-9 -3, qRBR-1-2, qRBR-1-4 and other blast resistance genes; STVA, STVB, Stvb-i and other stripe leaf blight resistance genes; XA21D, XA, XA40, XA NM, XA8, XA33, XA34, XA35, XA36, XA37, XA7, XA3, XA25, XA28, XA29, XA30, XA31, XA32, XA38, XA39, XA11, XA16, XA17, XA18, XA19, XA20, XA14, XA2, XA12, XA12, XA19 White leaf blight resistance genes such as XAK, XAA, XAH, XA10, XA23, XA22, XA24, XA21, SERRT13, XA4, XA5, XA13; qSB-2, qSB-3, qSB-7, qSB-11 , QSB-9-1 etc., blotch disease resistance gene; CE, etc. sesame leaf blight disease resistance gene; YDV, etc. yellow dwarf disease resistance gene; BSV, etc. black stripe dwarf disease resistance gene; Amy1A, Amy1C , Amy3A, Amy3B and other high temperature ripening resistance genes; dul3, qAC9.3, rsr1, Wx and Wx1-1 and other low amylose genes; AP01, SCM2, Sd1 and other lodging resistance genes; Sdr4 and other spear germination resistance Genes; low temperature resistance genes such as CTB1, CTB2, qLTG3-1; drought resistance genes such as Dro1; DEP1, Cn1a, GPS, SPIKE, PTB1, TAWAWA1, WFP, IPA1, Genes related to paddy number or seed form such as GS3, GS5, GS6, GL3.1, GW2, GW8, qGL3, qSS7, qSW5; genes that regulate daylength reactivity such as Hd1, Ghd8, DTH8; FLO4, PDIL1 etc. The endosperm powdery gene of L.; LOX3 and other lipoxygenase-deficient (reducing old rice odor) genes; and Alk and other amylopectin chain length genes are known. Rice cultivars in which one or more of these genes are simultaneously incorporated have been developed or marketed.

For the above-mentioned plants, gene recombination technology, conventional breed improvement technology, genome breeding technology, new breeding technology or genome editing technology, etc. are used, and abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, weeding as described above are used. By crossing plants with two or more species, such as drug resistance, pest resistance, growth and yield traits, modification of nutrient utilization, product quality modification, fertility trait, etc., and plants with similar or different properties It also includes plants to which two or more properties of the parent line have been imparted.

Commercially available plants endowed with tolerance to two or more herbicides include, for example, cotton “GlyTol™ LibertyLink™” and “GlyTol™ LibertyLink™” which are resistant to glyphosate and glufosinate; Glyphosate-tolerant and glufosinate-tolerant corn “Roundup Ready™ LibertyLink™ Maize”; glufosinate-tolerant and 2,4-D tolerant soybean “Enlist™ Soybean”; glyphosate-tolerant and dicamba-resistant soybean “ Genuity(R) Roundup Ready(TM) 2 Xtend(TM)"; corn and soybean "Optimum GAT(TM)" with glyphosate tolerance and ALS inhibitor resistance; glyphosate, glufosinate and 2,4-D three herbicides Soybeans "Enlist E3 (trademark)" and "Enlist (trademark) Roundup Ready 2 Yield (registered trademark)" that are resistant to glyphosate; glyphosate, 2,4-D and allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOPs) herbicides Enlist™ Roundup Ready® Corn 2 resistant to corn; corn resistant to glyphosate, 2,4-D and allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOPs) herbicides Enlist™ Roundup Ready® Corn 2”; Cotton resistant to dicamba, glyphosate and glufosinate “Bollgard II® XtendFlex™ Cotton”; resistant to 3 herbicides glyphosate, glufosinate and 2,4-D Some cotton "Enlist(TM) Cotton"; soybean "Liberty Link(R) GT27(TM)" that is resistant to three herbicides: glyphosate, glufosinate and HPPD herbicides (eg, isoxaflutole). .. In addition, cotton resistant to both glufosinate and 2,4-D; cotton resistant to both glufosinate and dicamba; maize resistant to both glyphosate and 2,4-D; glyphosate and HPPD herbicides Soybean resistant to both; maize resistant to glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D, allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOPs) herbicides and cyclohexadione (DIMs) herbicides has also been developed.
Examples of commercially available plants endowed with herbicide tolerance and pest resistance include, for example, corn having glyphosate tolerance and resistance to corn borer "YieldGard Roundup Ready (trademark)" and "YieldGard Roundup Ready 2 (trademark)". Maize having glufosinate resistance and corn borer resistance "Agrisure CB/LL (trademark)"; Maize having glyphosate resistance and corn rootworm resistance "Yield Gard VT Root worm/RR2 (trademark)"; glyphosate resistance and Corn “Yield Gard VT Triple™” with resistance to corn rootworm and corn borer; glufosinate resistance and lepidopteran pest resistance (Cry1F) (eg Western bean cut worm, corn borer, black cut worm and fall) (Herculex I(TM)) having resistance to armyworms; Yield Gard Corn Rootworm/Roundup Ready 2(TM) having glyphosate resistance and corn rootworm resistance; glufosinate resistance and corn Coleoptera Pest resistance (Cry3A) (eg Western corn rootworm, Northern corn rootworm and Mexican corn rootworm resistance) and corn "Agrisure GT/RW (trademark)"; glufosinate resistance and Coleoptera pest resistance ( Cry34/35Ab1) (for example, resistance to Western corn rootworm, Northern corn rootworm, and Mexican corn rootworm) Herculex RW™; corn with glyphosate resistance and corn rootworm resistance Yield Gard VT Root worm/RR2™"; Cotton having dicamba resistance, glyphosate resistance, glyphosinate resistance and cotton lepidopteran pest resistance (for example, resistance to ball worms and tobacco bad worms, army worms, etc.) There is "Bollgard (registered trademark) 3 XtendFlex (registered trademark)".

Examples of commercially available plants imparted with disease resistance and pest resistance include, for example, potato "Hi-Lite NewLeaf (trademark) Y" which is imparted with potato virus Y (Potato virus Y) resistance and pest resistance. Potato", "NewLeaf (trademark) Y Russet Burbank Potato" and "Shepody NewLeaf (trademark) Y Potato"; potato "NewLeaf (trademark) Plus" which has been imparted with resistance to potato leafroll virus and pest resistance. Russet Burbank Potato”.

Commercially available plants endowed with the properties of herbicide tolerance and product quality modification include, for example, canola “InVigor™ Canola” endowed with glufosinate resistance and fertility trait; Maize “InVigor™ Maize”; soybean “Vistive Gold™” with glyphosate tolerance and modified oil content.

Examples of commercially available plants with three or more traits include glyphosate resistance, glufosinate resistance and lepidopteran pest resistance (Cry1F) (ie against Western Bean Cut Worms, Corn Borers, Black Cut Worms and Fall Army Worms). Resistant) corn "Herculex I/Roundup Ready 2™"; glyphosate resistant, corn rootworm resistant and corn borer resistant corn "YieldGard Plus/Roundup Ready 2™"; glyphosate resistant, glufosinate Corn having tolerance and corn borer resistance "Agrisure GT/CB/LL (trademark)"; glufosinate resistance, lepidopteran pest resistance (Cry1F) and coleopteran pest resistance (Cry34/35Ab1) (ie western bean cut worm, "Herculex Xtra (trademark)" corn having resistance to lepidopteran pests such as corn borer, black cut worm and fall army worm and coleopteran pests such as western corn root worm, northern corn root worm, Mexican corn root worm; Maize with glufosinate resistance, corn borer resistance (Cry1Ab) and Coleoptera pest resistance (Cry3A) (i.e. resistance to Western corn rootworm, Northern corn rootworm and Mexican corn rootworm) Agrisure CB/LL/RW ( Trademark)"; corn having glyphosate resistance, corn borer resistance (Cry1Ab) and coleopteran pest resistance (Cry3A) (ie resistance to Western corn rootworm, Northern corn rootworm and Mexican corn rootworm) "Agrisure (trademark)"; )3000GT"; glyphosate resistance, corn rootworm and European corn borer resistance and high lysine trait "Mavera high-value corn"; European corn borer, Southwestern corn borer, corn earworm, fall army worm, black Maize "Optimum (registered trademark) Leptra (trademark) having resistance to pests that damage the above-ground parts of plants such as cut worms and/or western bean worms" Glyphosate resistance, glufosinate resistance, soybean leaf spot resistance, frog eye leaf spot resistance, sudden death syndrome resistance, stem stem canker resistance, stem disease (phytophthora stem and root rot) Resistant, root root-knot nematode resistance, white rot (stem rot) resistance, brown stem rot resistance, soybean cyst nematode (soybean cyst nematode) resistance, iron Soybean "Credenz® soybean" with improved iron chlorosis and modified chloride sensitivity; cotton "Stoneville®" with multiple herbicide and pest resistance )Cotton'' (There are nine varieties of ST5517GLTP, ST4848GLT, ST4949GLT, ST5020GLT, ST5115GLT, ST6182GLT, ST4747GLB2, ST4946GLB2, ST6448GLB2 in order to respond to the occurrence of weeds and pests in the field in each area). ..

In the method of the present invention, the compound of the present invention is usually mixed with a carrier such as a solid carrier or a liquid carrier, and if necessary, an auxiliary agent for formulation such as a surfactant is added to prepare a formulation for use. Preferred formulation types when formulated are water-soluble liquids, soluble granules, aqueous suspension concentrates, oil-based liquid suspensions, wettable powders, granules. Wettable powders, granules, aqueous emulsions, oily emulsions, and emulsions. A preparation containing the compound of the present invention as the sole active ingredient may be used alone, or may be mixed with a preparation containing another insecticide or bactericide as the active ingredient. Further, a preparation containing the compound of the present invention and another insecticide or fungicide as an active ingredient may be used. Furthermore, a preparation containing the compound of the present invention and another insecticide or fungicide as an active ingredient, and a preparation containing an insecticide or fungicide different from the insecticide or fungicide contained in the preparation as an active ingredient. You may mix it. The content of the active ingredient (the total amount of the compound of the present invention and other insecticides or fungicides) in the preparation is usually 0.01 to 90% by weight, preferably 1 to 80% by weight. The following are examples of the optimal pharmaceutical products containing the compound of the present invention for the method of the present invention. Clothianidin preparations (Dantotsu granules, Dantotsu water solution, Full Swing, Dantotsu Flowable, Moriate SC, Poncho FS, NipsIt INSIDE FS, Belay SC, Belay WG, Apache WG, Santana GR, Clutch WG, Dantop WG), Nitenpyram preparation (best Guard Granules, Best Guard Water Solvents, Oxazosulfyl (Ares Granules), Cartap Hydrochloride Preparations (Padane Granules, Padang Water Solvents, Padang Powders, Padan SP), Spinetoram Preparations (Diana SC, Diana WDG, Diana) Granules), pyridalyl preparations (pleo flowable), fenitrothion preparations (Sumithion emulsion), esfenvalerate preparations (Asana XL, Halmark EC), fenpropatorin preparations (Rodi emulsion, Danitol EC), permethrin preparations (Adion emulsion, Adion water) Japanese medicine), cypermethrin preparation (agrothrin emulsion, agrothrin wettable powder), pyriproxyfen preparation (Admiral EC, Esteem EC, Epingle EC, Epingle EW, Tiger EC, Knack EC), etoxazole preparation (Baroque Flowable, Borneo SC, Smite SC, Zeal WP, Zeal SC), Diniconazole M (SUMI-8 WP), Oxolinic acid (Stana wettable powder), Diclosimet (Delous granules), Frametopir (Limver granules), Validamycin (Validacin liquid, Validacin powder) , Ferrimzone (Takebras wettable powder, Brassin powder), Fusalide (Labside powder, Brassin powder), Isotianil (Stout granule), Benomyl (Venlate wettable powder), Dietofencarb (Getter wettable powder, Powmyl SC), Procymidone ( Sumirex wettable powder, Sumilex SC, Sumirex WP), tolclofos-methyl (Rizolex wettable powder, Rizolex FS), fenpyrazamine (Pixio DF, Prolectus WG), mandestrobin (screaflowable), pyridaclomethyl (SC, EC) ), Impirfluxam (S-2399T 260 SC, S-2399 EC), Methyltetraprol (SC, EC).

As a method of spot treatment of the compound of the present invention, a method of spraying the soil of the place where the pest is occurring or the soil of the place where the pest may be generated (soil treatment), and the pest of the present compound is generated. The present invention crops or crops of the present invention in which pests may occur may be applied (stem and leaf treatment). The spraying is usually carried out using a spray solution prepared by mixing a formulation containing the compound of the present invention with water. Although the spray liquid amount is not particularly limited, it is usually 50 to 4000 L/ha, preferably 100 to 2000 L/ha, and more preferably 300 to 1000 L/ha inside the spot-treated compartment. The ratio of the area subjected to spot treatment in the cultivated area of the present invention crop (ratio of the area of the portion to which the compound of the present invention is applied, relative to the entire area of the continuous cultivation area of the present crop) is usually 1 to 99%. , Preferably 10 to 80%. Specific examples include 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. The area of the "continuous cultivation area" that defines these percentages is not particularly limited. For example, 10000 m ² may indicate the percentage that has been processed within the scale ^{but, 1000m 2, 100m 2, 10m} 2, 1m 2, 0.1m 2, the percentage that has been processed within at any scale, such as 0.01 m ² May be shown.
Treatment amount of a compound of the present invention in the process of the present invention is, as an internal process volume of the compartment being spot treated, 10000 m ² per 5～2000G, preferably 10000 m ² per 50 to 1500 g, more preferably 10000 m ² per 200 to 1000 g, More preferably, it is 400 to 700 g per 10,000 m ² . When there are a plurality of spot-processed sections in a continuous cultivation area, the processing amount may be constant or different for each section. When carrying out the method of the present invention, an adjuvant may be mixed. The type of adjuvant is not particularly limited, but oil-based adjuvants such as Agri-Dex and MSO (paraffin hydrocarbons, naphthene hydrocarbons, mineral oils such as aromatic hydrocarbons, or vegetable oils (soybean oil and rapeseed oil) are used. Esterified Methylate Seed Oil) is a nonionic adjuvant such as 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% or 6% (volume / volume), Induce, etc. (Polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester, alkylaryl alkoxylate, or alkylaryl polyoxyalkylene glycol), 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25%, or 0.5% (volume / volume) in the spray liquid. It is desirable to mix Other than that, anion type (substituted sulfonate) such as Gramin S, cation type (polyoxyethylene amine) such as Genamin T 200BM, and organic silicon type such as Silwett L77 are exemplified. Furthermore, a drift reducing agent such as Intact (polyethylene glycol) may be mixed.
The pH and hardness of the spray solution are not particularly limited, but the pH is usually in the range of 5 to 9 and the hardness is usually in the range of 0 to 500.
The time period for carrying out the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is usually from 5 am to 9 pm, and the photon flux at the canopy level in the place where the method of the present invention is carried out is usually 10 to 2500 μmol/mole. m ² /sec. On the other hand, the method of the present invention can be carried out at night using the map information and the position information.
The spray pressure for carrying out the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually 30 to 120 PSI, preferably 40 to 80 PSI. Here, the spray pressure is a setting before introduction into the nozzle.

In the method of the present invention, seeds of agricultural crops are sown in a cultivated area by a usual method. The method of the present invention may be carried out before sowing, simultaneously with sowing and/or after sowing. That is, the number of times the method of the present invention is performed is 1 to 3 times during the cultivation of the crop of the present invention. In the case of one time, it can be treated once before sowing, once at the same time as sowing, or once after sowing. In the case of two times, the treatment can be performed twice except before sowing, twice except at the same time as sowing, or twice except after sowing. In the case of three times, the treatment can be performed once before sowing, at the same time as sowing, and once after sowing.
When carrying out the method of the present invention before sowing, usually 50 days before seeding-just before seeding, preferably 30 days before seeding-just before seeding, more preferably 20 days before seeding-just before seeding, more preferably 10 days before seeding-just before seeding. To do.
When the method of the present invention is carried out after sowing, it is usually immediately after sowing to before flowering, more preferably immediately after sowing to before emergence, and between the true leaves 1 to 6 leaf stage of the crop of the present invention.
Further, the case where the method of the present invention is carried out at the same time as sowing refers to the case where the seeder and the spreader are integrated.

In the method of the present invention, when cultivating the crop of the present invention, seeds are treated with one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of specific insecticides, nematicide compounds, fungicides and plant growth regulator compounds. Good. Examples of the compound used for seed treatment include, for example, neonicotinoid compounds, diamide compounds, carbamate compounds, organic phosphorus compounds, biological nematicide compounds, other insecticides and nematicide compounds, Examples thereof include azole compounds, strobilurin compounds, metalaxyl compounds, SDHI compounds, other fungicides and plant growth regulator compounds.

The pests to be controlled by the method of the present invention are generic names of pathogenic fungi and pests, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, the following.

The harmful insects of the present invention include harmful insects, harmful arthropods such as harmful mites, harmful molluscs, and harmful nematodes. Specific examples include the following.

Hemiptera: Lavadelphax striatellus, Black-tailed planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), White-tailed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), Corn planthopper (Peregrinus maidella), Black-tailed locust (Javesella pellucida), Perchrinus ida, Peruvian locust Planthopper (Delphacidae); Leafhopper leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps), Taiwan leafhopper leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens), Black leafhopper leafhopper (Nephotettix nigropictus), Leafhopper leafhopper leafhopper (Recilia dorsalis) , Corn leaf hopper (Dalbulus maidis), White leafhopper (Cofana spectra), Amrasca biguttula biguttula and other leafhoppers (Cicadellidae); European spit aribu (Philaenus spumarius) and others such as Aphrophoridarata fata, Maanabrihanva post Cercopidae (Aphis fabae), soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), European apple aphid (Aphis pomi), snowy aphid (Aphis spiraerum), Myzus persicae), Strawberry aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi), Japanese radish aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea), Black lice aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), Tulip genus aphid (Macros aphis), Macrosiphum Aphid (Aulacorthum solani), lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri), wheat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), corn aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis), orange aphid (Toxoptera citricida), peach aphid (Aphis serrata) apricot (Hyalop). aphididae (daktu aphid) such as sacchari), red aphid (Tetraneura nigriabdominalis), aphid (Ceratovacuna lanigera), apple beetle (Eriosoma lanigerum), English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae); , Phylloxera devastatrix, Pecan leaf phylloxera (Phylloxera notabilis), Southern pecan leaf phylloxera (Phylloxera russelae) and other aphids (Phylloxeridae); Adelges tsugalee (Adelges tsugae) , Aphrastasia pectinatae and other aphids (Adelgidae); rice black stink bugs (Scotinophara lurida), black paddy bugs (Scotinophara coarctata), green stink bugs (Nezara antennata), thornbill stinking bugs, ays Stinkbill beetle (Eysarcoris lewisi), beetle stink bug (Eysarcoris ventralis), Murasakushirahashi stink bug (Eysarcoris annamita), hagweed stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), miner stink bug (Nezara virisula), Nezara viridula Tink Bug (Piezodorus guildinii), O Ebalus pugnax, Dichelops melacanthus and other stink bugs (Pentatomidae); Scaptocoris castanea and other such stink bugs (Cydnidae); Rhodophorus clavatus (Riptortus clavatus), spider helicopter (Leptocorisa chinensis), etc. The family Helicopteridae (Alydidae); the leaf-bellied stink bug (Cletus punctiger), the reed beetle helicopter bug (Leptoglossus australis), and other helicopters (Coreidae); the stag beetle (Cavelerius saccharivorus), the black leafworm American stag beetle (Blissus leucopterus) and other long-tailed stink bugs (Lygaeidae); Akahigohosumidorimikasushimu (Trigonotylus caelestialium), red-spotted turtle (Stenotus rubrovitus) (Stenodema sylvestris) (Stenodema sylvestris), Stenodema calcarata Miridae; On Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), Tobacco Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), Mandarin Whitefly (Dialeurodes citri), Mandarin Whitefly (Aleurocanthus spinachus alae), Aleurocanthus spinachus, Aleurocanthus alba ) Etc.; Aleyrodidae; Abramallaspis cyanophylli, Aonidiella aurantii, Diaspidiotus perniciosus, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Yam. Large scale bugs such as the scale bug (Unaspis citri) (Diaspididae)；Ceroplastes rubens and other scale scales (Coccidae)；Icerya purchasi、Icerya seychellarum and other insects (Margarodihenacae)cus (Margarodidae moth) ), Black scabbard scale insect (Phenacoccus solenopsis), Fujita scale insect (Planococcus kraunhiae), stag beetle scale insect (Pseudococcus comstocki), orange stag beetle (Planococcus longus) (Psariadocus pinus), Pseudoce pinus (Pseudoce pinus), Pseudococcidae, such as Brevennia rehi,; citrus lice (Diaphorina citri), citrus lice (Trioza erytreae), pear lice (Cacopsylla pyrisuga), Chinese psyllid worm (Cacopsylla pyrensis, chinensis, chinensis) ), Cacopsylla pyricola etc.; Psyllidae; Corythucha ciliata, Corythucha marmorata, Coralthucha marmorata, Stephanitis nashiida, etc., Stephanitis pyrimides. (Cimex lectularius), bed bugs (Cimex hemipterus) and other bed bugs (Cimicidae); Quesada gigas and other cicadaidae (Cicadidae); Brazilian reed turtles (Triatoma infestans), leatherback turtles (Triatoma rubrofasciata), Tribe retina (Triatoma rube), Triatoma dimidi prolixus) etc. Red-tailed turtle (Reduviidae).

Lepidoptera: Nikamaiga (Chilo suppressalis), Dark hedid stem borer (Chilo polychrysus), White stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata), Itten corn borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), Rupela albina, Kobunomega (Cnaphalocrocis mars, mnap, medinalis) Ineha Casino Mayga (Marasmia exigua), Watanomaiga (Notarcha derogata), Awanomeiga (Ostrinia furnacalis), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), Heimadaranomaiga (Hellula undalis), Monki Kuronomiga (Herpetale teralus) , Rice case worms (Nymphula depunctalis), sugar cane borers (Diatraea saccharalis), eggplant fruit borers (Leucinodes orbonalis), etc., Crudodae family (Crambidae); sorghum moths (Elasmopalpus lignosellus), nosimemadara interpuncta Pyralidae (Pyralidae) such as Monadaranomagai (Euzophera batangensis) and Caedera cautella; Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, Mythimna segae (Mthimna segae) inferens), White-spotted sprouts (Spodoptera mauritia), Yellow-spotted moth (Naranga aenescens), Spodoptera frugiperda, African white-spotted sprouts (Spodoptera exempta), Tamanayaga (Agrotis ipsilon), Tamanaginuwawa (Autographa nikinsignwa) ucae), Soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens), genus Trichoplusia (Trichoplusia spp.), genus Heliothis (Heliothis spp.) such as false velvet moth (Heliothis virescens), Helicoverpa armigera, corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), etc. Helicoverpa spp., Velvet bean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), cotton leaf worm (Alabama argillacea), hop wine borer (Hydraecia immanis), etc. (Noctuidae); Pieris rapae (Pieris rapae), etc. Pieridae); Nasihime Shinkuui (Grapholita molesta), Plum tree dimorpha (Grapholita dimorpha), Mameshino Shinga (Leguminivora glycinivorella), Azukiyamushiga (Matsumuraeses azukivora), Apple Scutellaria japonicus (Adoxophyes orana fasciata) (Homona magnanima), Midarekamonmonaki (Archips fuscocupreanus), Codling Moss (Cydia pomonella), Kansha Shinuihamaki (Tetramoera schistaceana), Bean shoot bolla (Epinotia aporema), Citrus fruit bowler (Citripestis sagittiferella), Yoropos Lobesia botrana) etc. (Tortricidae); Chanohosuga (Caloptilia theivora), Kingmon Hosoga (Phyllonorycter ringoniella) etc. Hosoga family (Gracillariidae); Momo Shingaiga (Carposina sasakii) etc. , Momohamoguriga (Lyonetia c lerkella), Lymone moth moth (Lyonetia prunifoliella), etc.; Lyonetiidae; Lymantria spp., such as Lymantria dispar, Euproctis pseudoconspersa, etc., Euproctis spp. Lymtriidae (Lymantriidae); diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and other diamondback moths (Plutellidae); peach mosquitoes (Anarsia lineatella), potato mosquitoes (Helcystogramma triannulella), cotton locusts (Pectinophora gossypiella ata), potato moss (Pectinophora gossypiella) Family (Gelechiidae); American white-tailed squirrel (Hyphantria cunea), etc., Arctiidae; Giant sugar cane bowler (Telchin licus), etc., Castonidae family (Castniidae), Cossus insularis, etc. (Ascotis selenaria) and others (Geometridae); Hirohelia euraga (Parasa lepida) and other ligas (Limacodidae); Kakinohetamushiga (Stathmopoda masinissa) and other fake family (Stathmopodidae); Family (Sphingidae); Yellow mosquitoes (Nokona feralis), Kosukashiba (Synanthedon hector), Himekosukashiba (Synanthedon tenuis), etc. Sesiidae; Insect beetle (Parnara guttata), etc. Serucidae (Hesperiidae), Hesperiidae A family of Tineidae, such as Koga (Tineola bisselliella).

Thysanoptera: Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips palmis, Thrips arei, Shirata thrips, ranks, and leaf thrips. , Thripidae, such as the mosquito thrips (Echinothrips americanus), and avocado slips (Scirtothrips perseae); and Phylaeothripidae, such as rice thrips (Haplothrips aculeatus).

Diptera: Anthomyiidae such as Delia platura, Delia antiqua and Pegomya cunicularia; Agromyza oryzae (Agromyzidae); Chryropteridae (Chlorops oridae) such as rice leaf fly (Agromyza oryzae), tomato leaf fly (Liriomyza sativae), bean leaf fly (Liriomyza trifolii), and leaf fly (Chromatomyia horticola); Bactrocera cucurbitae), citrus fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), fruit fly (Bactrocera latifrons), olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae), quinceland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryla) (Ceratitis cape pois), apple fruit fly (Ceratitis cape poi) (Ceratitis capitata), apple fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) ) Etc.; Tephritidae); Hydrellia griseola); Drosophila melanogaster and other fruit flies (Drosophilidae); the fruit flies (Megaselia spiracularis) and other fruit flies (Phoridae); and Drosophila (Clogmia albipunctata) and other fruit flies (Psychofformis quince) (Psychodidae) Such as Sciaridae; Hessian fly (Mayetiola destr) uctor), rice mosquitoes (Orseolia oryzae), etc.; Cecidomyiidae; Diopsis macrophthalma, etc.; Diopsidae; Glossina palpalis, Glossina morsitans, etc., tsetse flies (Glossinidapyuum); Such as Simuliidae; Phlebotominae; Tipula aino; Common Crane Fly; Tipula oleracea; European Crane Fly; Tipula paludosa; Tipulidae; Culex Culex pipiens pallens), Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pipiens f. molestus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens piedens, Culex pipiens uipis (Culex pipiens uipis). aegypti), Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles coluzzii, Anopheles albimanoph, Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles arabienes, Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles arabiens, Anopheles funis. Cucuridae; Cucumidae; Prosimulium yezoensis; Cucurbitaceae (Simulium ornatum), etc.; Simulidae; Tabanus trigonus; Tabanidae; Musca domestica; Musca domestica ), Sashi Mussidae (Stomoxys calcitrans), Haematobia irritans, etc.; Muscidae; Calliphoridae; Sarcophagidae; Chironomus plumusus, Chironomus plumusus, Chironomus plumusus, Chironomus plum, etc. Chironomidae; Fannidae.

Coleoptera: Diabrotica spp., for example Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), Southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi), Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi), Mexican corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera zeae), banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata), cucumber bite beetle (Diabrotica speciosa) (Phyllotreta striolata), cabbage free beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae), western black free beetle (Phyllotreta pusilla), cabbage stem free beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala), hop free beetle (Psylliodes punctulata), Colorado potato beetle (Lemino linea) ), grape coraspis (Colaspis brunnea), corn free beetle (Chaetocnema pulicaria), sweet potato beetle (Chaetocnema confinis), potato free beetle (Epitrix cucumeris), rice leaf beetle (Dicladispa armigera), southern corn leaf beetle Chrysomelidae, such as Laccoptera quadrimaculata and tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis; Seed corn beetle, Stenolophus lecontei, Climina impressifrons, Carabidae; Carabidae Rabbit buoy (Anomala cuprea), scuttle beetle (Anomala rufocuprea), larva (Anomala albopilosa), beetle (Popillia japonica), long-spotted chafer (Heptophylla picea), european chafer (Rhizotrogus majalis), black mark (Rhizotrogus majalis) .), June beetle (Phyllophaga crinita) and other genus Phylofophaga (Phyllophaga spp.), (Diloboderus abderus) and other genus Diloboderus (Diloboderus spp.) and other scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae); Botanical weevil (Araecerus etc.) Anthriibidae; Cylas formicarius and other weevil (Aponidae); Brazilian bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus) and other weevil (Bruchidae); pine beetle persimmon (Tomicus pini) hampei) etc.; Scolytidae; weevil (Euscepes postfasciatus), alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica), weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), coconut weevil (Sitophilus oryzae), Granaria weevil (Sitophilus ore) , Rice weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), White-breasted weevil (Rhabdoscelus lineaticollis), Cotton weevil (Anthonomus grandis), White weevil (Sphenophorus venatus), Southern cornbill bug (Sphenophorus callosus, subus), Sophen Kane Weeville (Sphenophorus levis), Sabihoutou weevil (Scepticus griseus), flying foxtail weevil (Scepticus uniformis), Aracanthus genus (Aracanthus spp.), such as Aracanthus mourei, and cotton root root (Eutinobothrus brasiliensis) and other weevils (Curculionidae) (Curculionidae) Tribolium castaneum), Tribolium confusum, Albionidae diaperinus, etc., Tenebrionidae; Epilachna vigintioctopunctata, etc., Coccinellidae, Coccinellidae, Coccinellidae Rhizopertha dominica, etc., Bostrychidae; Ptinidae; Anoplophora malasiaca, Migdolus fryanus, Cig., Aromia bungii by Aromia bungii Melanotus okinawensis), Black-necked squirrel (Agriotes fuscicollis), Red-spotted woodpecker (Melanotus legatus), Spodoptera (Anchastus spp.), Conoderus spp., Genus Ctenicimon spp., Lactobacillus spp. spp.), Aeolus spp., etc., Elateridae; Paederus fuscipes, etc., Staphylinidae; Anthrenus verbasci, Anthrenus verbasci, Dermestidae, such as Trogoderma granarium; Tobacco beetle (Lasiode) rma serricorne), Stegobium paniceum, etc., Anobiidae; Cryptolestes ferrugineus, etc., Laemophloeidae; Oryzaephilus surinamenilidae, Oryzaephilus surinamenilida, etc. Beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) and other populaceae (Nitidulidae).

Orthoptera: Locusta migratoria, Morocco locusts (Dociostaurus maroccanus), Australian locusts (Chortoicetes terminifera), red locusts (Nomadacris septemfasciata), brown locust (Locustana pardalina), tree Locustana pardalina Locust (Calliptamus italicus), Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis), Two-stripe grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus), Migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes), Red legged grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum), Clear winged grasshopper (Camnula pellucida) Mackerel locust (Schistocerca gregaria), Yellow wing Locust (Gastrimargus musicus), Spar throated Locust (Austracris guttulosa), Kobaneinago (Oxya yezoensis), Ranaaceae (Oxya japonica), Taiwanese locust (Patanga locust) Patanga locust (Patanga locust) ); Kera (Gryllotalpa orientalis) and other cervaceae (Gryllotalpidae); European crickets (Acheta domestica), Emma cricket (Teleogryllus emma) and other cricket families (Gryllidae); Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex) and other grasshoppers (Tettigoniidae).

Hymenoptera: Hymenoptera: Athalia rosae, Athalia japonica and other wasps (Tenthredinidae); Fire ants (Solenopsis invicta), Red ants (Solenopsis geminata) and other genus Solenopsis sp. Leaf cutting ant (Atta capiguara) and other genus Atta spp., genus Acromyrmex spp., sashihariari (Paraponera clavata), luriari (Ochetellus glaber), yellow ant (Monomorium pharaonis), Argentine hum (Linepithema) , Black ant (Formica japonica), Red-eared ant (Pristomyrmex punctutus), Greater ant (Pheidole noda), Greater blue ant (Pheidole megacephala), Black ant (Camponotus japonicus), Muneaka ant (Camponotus obscuripep) C. ampo ants (Camponotus obscuripep) Pogonomyrmex occidentalis and other genus Pogonomyrmex spp., cocaine ant (Wasmania auropunctata) and other genus (Wasmania spp.), and ant family (Formicidae) iniaes (Anoplolepis gracilipes); ), Vespa simillima, Vespa analis, Vespa velutina, Polistes jokahamae and other wasps (Vespidae); Silicidae (Urocerus gigas) Betidae (Bethylidae).

Blattodea: German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) and other German cockroaches (Ectobiidae); Black cockroaches (Periplaneta fuliginosa), American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), American cockroaches (Periplaneta australasiae), Black cockroaches (Periplaneta brunei) (Blatta orientalis) and other cockroaches (Blattidae); Yamato termites (Reticulitermes speratus), house termites (Coptotermes formosanus), American termites (Incisitermes minor), Daikoku termites (Cryptotermes domesticus), white-tailed termites (Odontotermes), Odontotermes, Odontoterm Neotermes koshunensis), Satsuma termites (Glyptotermes satsumensis), Nakajima termites (Glyptotermes nakajimai), Catan termites (Glyptotermes fuscus), White termites (Hulitermia ramius termites), Huang termites (Glyptotermes sue) miyatakei), Reticulitermes kanmonensis, Nasutitermes takasagoensis, Pericapritermes nitobei, Sinocapritermes mushae, Cornitermes cumulans.

Flea (Siphonaptera): Plexus (Pulex spp.) such as human fleas (Pulex irritans), Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), Ctenocephalides spp. such as dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis), Keopsunezuminomi Xenopsylla cheopis) and other genus Xenopsylla spp., Tunga penetrans and other Tunga spp., Echidnophaga gallinacea and other Echidnophaga spp. ) Etc. (Nosopsyllus spp.).

Psocodae: Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) and other pedicules (Pediculus spp.); Pyirus pubis (Pthirus pubis) and other lice (Phtirus spp.); Haematopinus spp.; Bovicola bovis, Bovicola ovis, Bovicola breviceps, etc., Bovicola spp.; Damalinia forficula, etc. Damalinia spp.us; , Linus vitillus (Linognathus ovillus) and other genus Linognathus spp.; Solenopotes capillatus and other Solenopotes spp.; Chicken lice (Menopon galponp) and other genus Menopon galponae Cummingsia spp.; Trinoton spp.; Trichodectes canis and other Trichodectes spp.; Felicola subrostratus and other Felicola spp.; (Menacanthus stramineus) and other genus (Menacanthus spp.); genus Werneckiella (Werneckiella spp.); konachateate (Trogium pulsatorium), etc. (Trogiidae); ), Saomenchatate (Liposcelis pearmani), Cuscassinate (Liposcelis entomophila), etc. (Liposcelidae or Liposcelididae).

Thysanura: Lepismatidae, such as Yamatoshimi (Ctenolepisma villosa) and Western blemishes (Lepisma saccharina).

Acari: Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus evansi, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Oligonys spp. ); citrus rust mite (Aculops pelekassi), Ryukyu citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta citri), tomato rust mite (Aculops lycopersici), tea rust mite (Calacarus carinatus), tea rust mite (Acaphylla theavagrans), pitworm, chiensis Aculus schlechtendali), Dermatophagoides mite (Aceria diospyri), Aceria tosichella, Persian mite (Shevtchenkella sp.) and other mites (Eriophyidae); Dust mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) and other mites (Tarsonemidae); Family (Tenuipalpidae); Tickeridae (Tuckerellidae); Ixodidae, for example, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis japonica, Haemaphysalis japonica, Haemaphysalis japonica spp.), American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), Taiwan dog tick (Dermacentor taiwanensis), Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), Dermacentor reticulatus (Dermacentor reticulatus), etc., Dermacentor spp. us), Schultz tick (Ixodes persulcatus), black legged tick (Ixodes scapularis), western black-footed tick (Ixodes pacificus), Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes ricinus (Ixodes spp.), lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), gulf Killer tick genus (Amblyomma maculatum) and other genus (Amblyomma spp.), ox ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus), cattletic (Rhipicephalus annulatus), black locust ticks (Rhipicephaluice spicelulus deerlupus sanguineus) .); Plutella mites (Argas persicus), Ornithodoros hermsi, Ornithodoros turicata, etc. (Argasidae), Physcomitrella patens (Tyrophagus putrescentiae), Spinach moss ticks (Tyrophagus similis) and other mites (Acaridae), Acaridae (Acaridae) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and other dust mites (Pyroglyphidae); Chitolet ticks (Cheyletus eruditus), stag beetle ticks (Cheyletus malaccensis), Minami mit ticks (Chelacaropsis moorei), and tick ticks (Cheyletiella yasgor) (Cheyletiella yasguri) ), P. orientalis (Psoroptes equi), Knemidocoptes mutans, O. dectes cynotis, Chorioptes spp., etc. (Psoroptidae); res cati), Rhododendron spp. (Notoedres muris), Sphenoptera mite (Sarcoptes scabiei), etc. (Sarcoptidae); Rabbit black mite (Listrophorus gibbus), etc. (Listrophoridae); Dermanyssidae); Red-spotted mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum), house mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti), etc. (Macronyssidae), honeybee mite (Varroa jacobsoni), etc. ) And the like, Demodexidae, Leptotrombidium akamushi, Leptotrombidium pallidum, Leptotrombidium scutellare, and the like.

Araneae: A family of spiders such as Cheiracanthium japonicum (Eutichuridae); a family of spiders such as Latrodectus hasseltii (Theridiidae).
Polydesmida: Paradexosomatidae, such as Oxidus gracilis and Nedyopus tambanus.
Isopoda: The family Ophidae (Armadillidiidae), such as the oasis bug (Armadillidium vulgare).
Chilopoda: Gemini (Thereuonema hilgendorfi), etc., Scutigeridae; Scolopendra subspinipes, etc., Scolopendridae; Issopidae, etc.
Gastropoda: Lime marginae, Limax marginatus, Limax flavus, etc.; Limacidae; Memhimatium bilineatum, etc.; Phylomycidae, etc.; (Ampullariidae) of the family; Lymnaeidae (Lymnaeidae), such as the mussel (Austropeplea ollula).

Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae, such as Aphelenchoides besseyi; Mineratus, Coffeae, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylilis, etc. Lanthaceae (Pratylenchidae); Javanese root nematode (Meloidogyne javanica), sweetpotato nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita), guava root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne enterolobii), russet nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla), soybean heterodera Heteroderidae such as Globodera rostochiensis) and potato white cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida); Hoplolaimidae such as Rotylenchulus reniformis; Hoplolaimidae; Nothotylenchus acris); Anguinidae); Tylenchulidae (Tylenchulus semipenetrans); Tylenchulidae; Longidoridae (Xiphinema index); Longidoridae; Trichodolidae (Trichodoridae); Paraphyllum (Bursaphelus etc.) Aferenxidae (Parasita phelenchidae).

With respect to the above-mentioned harmful insects, harmful mites and other harmful arthropods, harmful molluscs, and harmful nematodes, variations within species are not limited. That is, it also includes pesticides, pesticides, acaricides, pesticides, and pesticides that have reduced sensitivity (also referred to as resistance) to pesticides. Be done. Examples of the insecticide, the acaricide, the molluscicide and the nematicide include groups a1 to a26.
Group a1: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Group 1A carbamate-type and group 1B organophosphorus compounds of the action classification by IRAC, for example, alanicarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxy (Butocarboxim), butoxycarboxim (butoxycarboxim), carbaryl (carbaryl: NAC), carbofuran (carbofuran), carbosulfan (carbosulfan), ethiophencarb (ethiofencarb), phenocarb (fenobucarb: BPMC), formetanate (formetanate), flathiocarb (fatiocarb) furathiocarb, isoprocarb (MIPC), methiocarb, methomyl, methomyl, methoxychlor, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, promecarb, propoxur: PHC ), thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, xylylcarb; acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, azinphos-ethyl methyl), cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos: CYAP) , Demeton, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos (DDVP), dicrotophos, dimethoate ( dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, fanflu, fenamiphos, fenchlorphos, fenitrothion: MEP ), fenthion (MPP), fosthiazate (fosthiazate), heptenophos (heptenophos), imiciaphos (imicyafos), isofenphos (isofenphos), isopropyl-O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate (isopropyl-O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate) , Isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion: DMTP, mevinphos, monocrotophos, nared: BRP, omethoate , Oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate (PAP), folate, phosalone, phosmet: PMP, phosphamidon ), phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, propenofos, propetamphos, prothiophos, pyraclofos, pyrazophos, pyrazophenosion, quinalphos, quinalphos. (sulfotep), sulprofos (sulprofos), tebupirimphos (tebupirimfos), temephos (temephos), terbufos (terbufos), tetrachlorvinphos (tetrachlorv) inphos), thiometon, toxaphene, triazophos, trichlorfon (DEP) and vamidothion.
Group a2: GABAergic chloride ion channel blocker Group 2A cyclic diene organochlorine and group 2B phenylpyrazole compounds of action classification by IRAC, for example, chlordane, endosulfan, dieldrin, ethiprole. ), fipronil and flufiprole, pyriprole.
Group a3: Sodium channel modulators Group 3A pyrethroid system and group 3B of action classification by IRAC, for example, acrinathrin, allethrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, Bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyclofluthrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin , Cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, sigma-permethrin cypermethrin), cyphenothrin (cyphenothrin), deltamethrin (deltamethrin), empenthrin (empenthrin), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropatrin (fenpropathrin), fenvalerate, flucitrinate flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, imiprothrin, kadethrin, meperfluthrin ), monfluorothrin (momfluorothrin), permethrin (permethrin), phenothrin (phenothrin), pralethrin (prallethrin), pyrethrins (pyrethrins), resmethrin (resmethrin), Silafluofen, tefluthrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, benfluthrin, benfluthrin, benfluthrin The group consisting of flufenoprox, flumethrin, furamethrin, metofluthrin, profluthrin and dimefluthrin, DDT.
Group a4: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulator Group 4A neonicotinoid system, 4B nicotine system, 4C butenolide system, 4D sulfoxyimine system and 4E mesoionic system, such as acetamiprid, clothianidin, clothianidin, Dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, flupyradifurone, sulfoxaflorim, fluoxedropy, triflumethodil, cycloxaprid, trimethyx A group consisting of dicloromezotiaz and flupyrimine.
Group a5: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulator Group 5 of the action classification by IRAC Spinosyn system, for example, a group consisting of spinosad and spinetoram.
Group a6: Glutamate agonist chloride ion channel allosteric modulator Group 6 of action classification by IRAC, abamectin system, milbemycin system, for example, abamectin (abamectin), emamectin-benzoate (lepimectin) (lepimectin), milbemectin (milbemectin). , Dimadectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin, latidectin, selamectin, milbemycin D, milbemycin D, moxidectin and nemadectin. ..
Group a7: juvenile hormone mimics Group 7A juvenile hormone analogues of action classification by IRAC, group 7B phenoxycarb and 7C pyriproxyfen, such as hydroprene, kinoprene, metoprene, phenoxycarb. fenoxycarb) and pyriproxyfen.
Group a8: Group 9 pyridineazomethine derivatives of the class of action by the string organ organ TRPV channel modulator IRAC, for example, the group consisting of pymetrozine (Pymetrozine) and pyrifluquinazon (Pyrifluquinazon).
Group a9: Microorganism-derived insect mid-intestinal membrane-destroying agent Group 11A Bacillus thuringiensis, Group 11B Bacillus sphaericus, such as Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis BD#32 strain (Bacillus). thuringiensis strain BD#32), Bacillus thuringiensis strain AQ52 strain, Bacillus thuringiensis strain Aizawai subspecies ABTS-1857 strain (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Subspecies HD-1 strain (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP123 strain, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebliosis subspecies NB176 strain (Bacillus) thuringiensis subsp. Tenebriosis strain NB176), Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis var.aegypti, Bacillus thuringiensis var.aegypti, Bacillus thuringiensis var.aegypti thuringiensis var. colmeri), Bacillus thuringiensis var. dendrolimus, Bacillus thuringiensis var. dendrolimus, Bacillus thuringiensis var. dendrolimus, Bacillus thuringiensis var. dendrolimus galleriae), Bacillus thuringiens var. (Bacillus thuringiens) is var. japonensis), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni, Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego, Bacillus thuringiensis thuringiensis subspecies MPPL002 strain (Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Thuringiensis strain MPPL002), Bacillus thuringiensis var. 7216, Bacillus thuringiensis var. T36, Bacillus thuringiensis var. T36), a delta-endotoxin that imparts resistance to lepidopteran insects. (For example, Cry1A, Cry1Ab, modified Cry1Ab (Cry1Ab partially deleted), Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab-Ac (hybrid protein fused Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac), Cry1C, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2 (modified cry1F), moCry1F. (Modified Cry1F), Cry1A. 105 (Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F hybrid protein), Cry2Ab2, Cry2Ae, Cry9C, Vip3A, Vip3Aa20), delta-endotoxin imparting resistance to Coleoptera insects (e.g. Cry3A, mCry3A1 and Cry3A1), Cry3A1. , Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1), and delta-endotoxin (eg, Cry1A, Cry4A, Cry4B, Cry11A) having insecticidal activity against mosquitoes.
Group a10: Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling agent that disturbs the proton gradient Group 13 of action classification by IRAC, for example, group consisting of chlorfenapyr and sulfluramid.
Group a11: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blocker Group 14 of action classification by IRAC Neristoxin analogues, for example, bensultap, cartap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap A group consisting of disodium salt (thiosultap-disodium) and thiosultap-monosodium.
Group a12: Chitin biosynthesis inhibitor Group 15 benzoylureas and group 16 buprofezins of action classification by IRAC, for example, bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxurone (bistrifluron). flucycloxuron), flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novalron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron and buprofezin.
Group a13: molting inhibitor Group 17 of action classification by IRAC, for example, a group consisting of cyromazine.
Group a14: Molting hormone (ecdysone) receptor agonist Group 18 of action classification by IRAC A group consisting of diacylhydrazines, for example, chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
Group a15: voltage-gated sodium channel blocker Group 22A oxadiazine and group 22B semicarpazone system in the action classification by IRAC, for example, a group consisting of indoxacarb and metaflumizone.
Group a16: Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor Group 23 of action classification by IRAC A group consisting of tetronic acid, a tetramic acid derivative, for example, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat.
Group a17: Ryanodine receptor modulator agent Group 28 diamide system of action classification by IRAC, for example, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cycloniliprole, flubendiamide, The group consisting of tetraniliprole, cyhalodiamide and tetrachlorantraniliprole.
Group a18: String organ modulator agent Group 29 of action classification by IRAC, for example, group consisting of Flonicamid.
Group a19: Mite growth inhibitor Group 10 of action classification by IRAC, for example, group consisting of etoxozole, clofentezine, hexythiazox.
Group a20: Octopamine receptor agonist Group 19 of the action classification by IRAC, for example, the group consisting of amitraz.
Group a21: Mitochondrial electron transport complex IV inhibitor Group 24 of action classification by IRAC, for example, group consisting of phosphine.
Group a22: a group consisting of isoxazoline compounds such as afoxolaner, fluralaner, sarolaner, lotilaner.
Group a23: Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor Group 12 of action classification by IRAC, for example, group consisting of diafenthiuron.
Group a24: Mitochondrial electron transport complex III inhibitor Group 20 of action classification by IRAC, for example, a group consisting of acequinocyl and bifenazate.
Group a25: Mitochondrial electron transport complex I inhibitor (METI)
Group 21 of action classification by IRAC, for example pyridaben, fenpyroximate.
Group a26: A group consisting of azadiractin and pyridalyl.

Factors of decreased sensitivity are: [1] target protein amino acid substitution, [2] decreased target protein, [3] enhanced metabolism, [4] decreased skin permeability, [5] excretion function by membrane transporter The increase of is mentioned. In [1], the target protein may have one or more amino acid substitutions. Enhanced metabolism of [3] means increased activity of metabolic enzymes (also called detoxification enzymes) such as cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase, and glutathion-S-transferase. .. In addition, as factors of decreased sensitivity, [1] amino acid substitution of target protein, [2] decrease of target protein, [3] enhanced metabolism, [4] decreased skin permeability, [5] excretion function by membrane transporter It may have any one or a plurality of enhancement of

Examples of harmful insects with reduced sensitivity, harmful arthropods such as harmful mites, harmful molluscs, and harmful nematodes include the following.
Hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a8;
Hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a12;
A Hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2 and one or more compounds selected from group a4;
A hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2 and one or more compounds selected from group a8;
One or more compounds selected from group a2, and Hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
A hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4 and one or more compounds selected from group a8;
One or more compounds selected from group a4, and Hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
One or more compounds selected from group a8 and hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
A hemiptera with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a2, one or more compounds selected from group a4, and one or more compounds selected from group a8;
One or more compounds selected from group a2, one or more compounds selected from group a4, and a hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
One or more compounds selected from group a2, one or more compounds selected from group a8, and a hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
One or more compounds selected from group a4, one or more compounds selected from group a8, and a hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
One or more compounds selected from group a2, one or more compounds selected from group a4, one or more compounds selected from group a8, and a hemiptera with reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
Planthoppers with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Planthoppers with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Planthoppers with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a8;
Planthoppers with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a12;
One or more compounds selected from group a2, and a planthopper having reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
One or more compounds selected from group a2, and a planthopper having reduced susceptibility to pymetrozine belonging to group a8;
One or more compounds selected from group a2, and a planthopper having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
One or more compounds selected from group a4, and the planthopper having reduced susceptibility to pymetrozine belonging to group a8;
One or more compounds selected from group a4, and a planthopper having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
One or more compounds selected from group a2, one or more compounds selected from group a4, and a planthopper having reduced susceptibility to pymetrozine belonging to group a8;
One or more compounds selected from group a2, one or more compounds selected from group a4, and a planthopper having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
One or more compounds selected from group a2, a pymetrozine belonging to group a8, and a planthopper having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to group a12;
One or more compounds selected from the group a4, pymetrozine belonging to the group a8, and Bumpaceae having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to the group a12;
One or more compounds selected from the group a2, one or more compounds selected from the group a4, pymetrozine belonging to the group a8, and a planthopper having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to the group a12;
A brown planthopper, a locust planthopper, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from the group a2;
A brown planthopper, a locust planthopper, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from the group a4;
A brown planthopper, a locust planthopper, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from the group a8;
A brown planthopper, a locust planthopper, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from the group a12;
A brown planthopper, a scorpion planthopper, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from the group a2 and one or more compounds selected from the group a4;
One or more compounds selected from the group a2, and a brown planthopper, a sedge planthopper, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to pymetrozine belonging to the group a8;
One or more compounds selected from the group a2, and a brown planthopper, a sedge loach, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to the group a12;
One or more compounds selected from the group a4, and a brown planthopper, a scorpion planthopper, or a brown planthopper belonging to the group a8 with reduced susceptibility to pymetrozine;
One or more compounds selected from the group a4, and a brown planthopper, a sedge loach, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to the group a12;
One or more compounds selected from the group a2, one or more compounds selected from the group a4, and a brown planthopper, a scorpion planthopper, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to pymetrozine belonging to the group a8;
One or more compounds selected from the group a2, one or more compounds selected from the group a4, and a brown planthopper, a scorpion planthopper, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to the group a12;
One or more compounds selected from the group a2, pymetrozine belonging to the group a8, and a brown planthopper, a sedge planthopper, or a brown planthopper having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to the group a12;
One or more compounds selected from the group a4, pymetrozine belonging to the group a8, and a brown planthopper, sedge planthopper, or Hitobibunka having reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to the group a12;
One or more compounds selected from the group a2, one or more compounds selected from the group a4, pymetrozine belonging to the group a8, and velvet planthoppers, sedge loaches, or scutellaria baicalensis with reduced susceptibility to buprofezin belonging to the group a12;
Aphids with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Aphids with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a8;
An aphid with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3 and one or more compounds selected from group a4;
One or more compounds selected from group a3 and aphids having reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a8;
An aphid with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4 and one or more compounds selected from group a8;
An aphid with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3, one or more compounds selected from group a4, and one or more compounds selected from group a8;
Aphid peach with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Cotton aphid or Peach aphid with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Cotton aphid or Aphis moss with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Cotton aphid or Aphis moss with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a8;
Aphids or peach aphids with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3 and one or more compounds selected from group a4;
One or more compounds selected from group a3, and cotton aphids or peach aphids with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a8;
Aphids or peach aphids with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4 and one or more compounds selected from group a8;
One or more compounds selected from group a3, one or more compounds selected from group a4, and cotton aphids or peach aphids with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a8; selected from group a3 Whitefly whiteflies with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds;
Whitefly whitefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Aphid peach with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Aphids with reduced susceptibility to carbamate compounds selected from group a1 and/or organophosphorus compounds selected from group a1;
Reduced susceptibility to malathion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, fenobucarb, carbofuran, ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprol, etofenprox, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, sulfoxaflor, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, pymetrozine, and/or buprofezin;
Sedilown plant with reduced susceptibility to isoprocarb, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, and/or buprofezin;
Amrasca biguttula biguttula with reduced sensitivity to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, clothianidin, and/or dinotefuran;
Cotton aphid with reduced sensitivity to pirimicarb and/or organophosphorus compounds selected from group a1; Triazamate, pirimicarb, endosulfan, deltamethrin, lambda cyhalothrin, DDT, and/or peach aphid with reduced sensitivity to imidacloprid;
Lettuce genus aphid with reduced susceptibility to pirimicarb, methomyl, acephate, dieldrin, and/or endosulfan;
English Grain Affid with reduced susceptibility to lambda cyhalothrin;
One- or more compounds selected from group a4, bifenthrin, and/or whitefly whitefly with reduced susceptibility to spiromesifen;
Tobacco whitefly with reduced susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, endosulfan, fipronil, lambda cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, alpha cypermethrin, cartap, buprofezin, spiromesifen, chlorantraniliprole, diafenthiuron, and/or azadirachtin;
Citrus lice with reduced susceptibility to chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, and/or chlorfenapyr;
Brown Stink bug with reduced sensitivity to monocrotophos, methamidophos, acephate, endosulfan, beta-cyfluthrin, and/or imidacloprid;
Lepidoptera with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a14;
Lepidoptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a15;
Lepidoptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Lepidoptera with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a14 and one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Diamondback moth with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a15;
Diamondback moth with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Cobb Noumea with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a14;
Cobb Noumea with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
One or more compounds selected from group a14 and one or more compounds selected from group a17, which have reduced susceptibility;
False mosquitoes with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Helicoverpa armigera with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Corn earworms with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Chahamaki with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a14;
Chahamaki with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Chacoglyphus esculenta that has reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a14; Chacoglyphus esculenta that has reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17; one or more compounds selected from group a14 , And a scutellaria japonica with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Diamondback moth with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Tuta absoluta with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Pondworm with reduced susceptibility to endosulfan, fipronil, and/or thiosultap monosodium salt;
European corn borer with reduced sensitivity to deltamethrin and/or lambda cyhalothrin;
Sugar cane bowlers with reduced sensitivity to the delta-endotoxin Cry1Ab and/or Cry1Ac;
Eggplant fruit bowlers with reduced sensitivity to profenofos, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, deltamethrin, and/or fenvalerate;
Profenofos, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, hoxime, triazophos, methomyl, thiodicarb, endosulfan, fipronil, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, spinosad, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, rufenurone, diflubenzuron, methoxyphenozide, and/or indoxaxa. Of the cuttlefish, Spodoptera litura pediflorus, which has a reduced sensitivity to chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, spinosad, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lufenuron, indoxacarb, and/or methoxyphenozide;
Spodoptera frugiperda with reduced sensitivity to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab2, Cry2Ae, and/or Cry1F which are delta-endotoxins;
False mosquito moth with reduced susceptibility to sulprophos, profenofos, monocrotophos, parathionmethyl, thiodicarb, methomyl, toxafen, endosulfan, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDT, and/or spinosad;
Helicoverpa armigera with reduced susceptibility to monocrotophos, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, mesomemyl, thiodicarb, toxaphene, endosulfan, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, DDT, indoxacarb, and/or chlorantraniliprole;
Corn earworms with reduced susceptibility to parathion methyl, cypermethrin, endosulfan, and/or DDT;
Codling moss with reduced susceptibility to lambda cyhalothrin, thiacloprid, and/or methoxyphenozide;
European grape wine moss with reduced susceptibility to deltamethrin and/or indoxacarb;
Reduced sensitivity to mesomil, dieldrin, permethrin, fipronil, spinosad, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, delta-endotoxin Cry1C, lufenuron, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, and/or diafenthiuron. Koaga who did;
A generalized order Lepidoptera with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
A generalized wing with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
A generalized order Lepidoptera with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
A generalized wing with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
A generalized wing with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
N. thrips with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Nephthora thrips with reduced sensitivity to profenofos, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin and/or lambda cyhalothrin;
Methiocarb, Methomil, Bendiocarb, Formethanate, Carbofuran, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Metamidophos, Dimethoate, Dichlorvos, Acephate, Methidathion, Toxaphen, Endosulfan, Fipronil, Acrinathrin, Alphacypermethrin, Bifenthrin, Deltamethrin, Esmetrin, Esmethrin, Bifenthrin, Deltamethrin. Citrus palmi thrips with reduced sensitivity to taufluvalinate, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, cyfluthrin, imidacloprid, spinosad, spinetoram, abamectin, pyriproxyfen, and/or cyantranylprol;
Diptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Diptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Diptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Diptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Diptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Tomato leafhopper with reduced susceptibility to permethrin and/or fenvalerate;
Methamidophos, parathionmethyl, pyrazophos, demethon, chlorpyrifos, triazophos, permethrin, cypermethrin, DDT, spinosad, abamectin, and/or cyramazine have reduced susceptibility;
Coleoptera with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Coleoptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Coleoptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Coleoptera with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Coleoptera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Coleoptera with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a2 and one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Chrysomelidae with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Chrysomelidae with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Chrysomelidae with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Chrysomelidae with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Chrysomelidae with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
One or more compounds selected from group a2 and a Chrysomelidae having reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
A rice beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
A rice beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
A rice dwarf beetle with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a2 and one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Diabrotica with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Diabrotica with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Diabrotica with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Diabrotica with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Diabrotica with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Western corn rootworm with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Western corn rootworm with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Western corn rootworm with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Western corn rootworm with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Western corn rootworm with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Western corn rootworm with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Western corn rootworm with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Southern corn rootworms with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Southern corn rootworms with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Southern corn rootworms with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Northern corn rootworms with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Northern corn rootworms with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Northern corn rootworms with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Northern corn rootworms with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Northern corn rootworms with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Cucabit beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Cucabit beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Cucabit beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Cucabit beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Cucabit beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Colorado potato beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Colorado potato beetle with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Colorado potato beetle with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Colorado potato beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a11;
Colorado potato beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Poison beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Poison beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
A beetle flea beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Cabbage free beetles with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Cabbage free beetles with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Cabbage free beetles with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Western Black Free Beetle with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from Group a3;
Western black free beetles with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Western Black Free Beetle with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Cabbage stem free beetles with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Cabbage stem free beetles with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Cabbage stem free beetles with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Hop-free beetles with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Hop-free beetles with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Hop-free beetles with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
Weevils with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Weevils with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Weevils with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2 and one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Rice weevil with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Rice weevil with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
A rice weevil with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a2 and one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Click beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Click beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Click beetle with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Okinawan beetle with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Okinawan beetle with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Okinawan beetle with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Mycophora vulgaris with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Mycophora vulgaris with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
C. sylvestris with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Click beetles with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Click beetles with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Click beetles with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Acanthaceae with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Acanthaceae with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Acanthaceae with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Conoderus spp. with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Conoderus spp. with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Conoderus spp. with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
A genus Ctenicella with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
A genus Ktenicera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
A genus Ctenicera with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Limonius with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Limonius with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Limonius with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Aeolus with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Aeolus with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Aeolus with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Cabbage stem free beetles with reduced sensitivity to lambda cyhalothrin;
Colorado potato beetle with reduced susceptibility to carbosulfan, carbofuran, phosalone, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, cyhalothrin, lambda cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, clothianidin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and/or nitenpyram;
Blossom beetles with reduced susceptibility to hosalone, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha cypermethrin, zetacypermethrin, bifenthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, taufluvalinate, and/or acetamiprid;
Acarina with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Acarina with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Acarina with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Acarina with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Acarina with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a17;
One or more compounds selected from group a19, Bifenthrin, abamectin, milbemectin, acequinocyl and/or scabbard mites having reduced susceptibility to bifenacate;
Apple spider mite with reduced susceptibility to fenpropatorin, spirodiclofen, clofentezine, hexithiazox, pyridaben, and/or fenpyroximate;
Bed bugs with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Bed bugs with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Bed bugs with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Bed bugs with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Bed bugs with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a5;
Bed bugs with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a10;
Bendiocarb, diazinon, dichlorvos, fenitrothion, phenocarb, malathion, propoxur, dieldrin, fipronil, allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, efenvalerate. Bed bugs with reduced susceptibility to prox, permethrin, phenothrin, pyrethrin, tetramethrin, DDT, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, spinosad, and/or chlorfenapyr;
Nettite lice with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Nettite lice with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Nettite lice with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Nettite lice with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Nettite lice with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a10;
Bendiocarb, diazinon, fenitrothion, phenocarb, malathion, propoxur, dieldrin, fipronil, allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, permethrin, DDT. Nettite lice with reduced sensitivity to imidacloprid and/or chlorfenapyr;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a5;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a6;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a7;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a11;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a12;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a13;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a14;
Housefly with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a15;
Azamethiphos, Azinphos-methyl, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Diazinon, Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Fenchlorphos, Fenitrothion, Methomyl, Methoxychlor, Nared, Parathion-methyl, Phoxime, Profenofos, Propoxul, Tetrachlorbinphos, Triazophos, Trichlorfon, Dildofilfan, Endosulfan , bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, beta - cyfluthrin, lambda PLEASE Roslin, cypermethrin, base over Tashi permethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, phenothrin, pyrethrin, resmethrin, DDT, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, spinosad, Housefly with reduced susceptibility to abamectin, emamectin benzoate, methoprene, pyriproxyfen, cartap, diflubenzuron, rufenuron, triflumuron, cyromazine, methoxyphenozide, and/or indoxacarb;
Simulium damnosum with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Simulium damnosum with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Culex pipiens with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Culex pipiens with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Culex pipiens with reduced susceptibility to bifenthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and/or resmethrin;
Culex pipiens with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Chica mosquito with reduced sensitivity to deltamethrin, etofenprox, permethrin, and/or phenothrin;
Mosquitoes with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Mosquitoes with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Nettle squid with reduced susceptibility to temefos, bifenthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and/or resmethrin;
Aedes aegypti with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Aedes aegypti with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Aedes aegypti with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a7;
Aedes aegypti with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a9;
Chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, fenitrothion, fenthion, malathion, pirimiphosmethyl, propoxur, temephos, allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha cypermethrin, deltamethrin, etofenprox, permethrin, phenothrin or Dmetholene, DDT, DDT, methion, DDT. Aedes aegypti with reduced susceptibility;
Aedes aegypti with reduced susceptibility to delta-endotoxin Cry4A and Cry4B;
Gambier Anopheles mosquito with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Gambier Anopheles mosquito with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Gambier Anopheles mosquito with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Gambier anopheles with reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb, fenitrothion, pirimiphos-methyl, dieldrin, lambda cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and/or DDT;
Anopheles coluzzii with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Anopheles coluzzii with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Anopheles coluzzii with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Anopheles coluzzii with reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb, fenitrothion, dieldrin, lambda cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and/or DDT;
Anopheles arabiensis with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Anopheles arabiensis with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Anopheles arabiensis with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Anopheles arabiensis with reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb, malathion, dieldrin, lambda cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and/or DDT;
Anopheles funestus with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Anopheles funestus with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Anopheles funestus with reduced susceptibility to dieldrin, lambda cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and/or DDT;
Plumeria vulgaris with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Plumeria vulgaris with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Plumeria vulgaris with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a5;
Plumeria vulgaris with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a21;
Carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cyanophos, diazinon, dichlorvos, fenitrothion, malathion, hoxime, pirimiphos-methyl, promecarb, propoxur, temephos, tetrachlorvinphos, violethmethrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, D, permethrin, permethrin, D, permethrin. , Spinosad and/or Phosphine with reduced susceptibility;
German cockroaches with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1; German cockroaches with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
German cockroaches with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
German cockroaches with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
German cockroaches with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a6;
German cockroaches with reduced susceptibility to chlorpyrifos, malathion, propoxur, fipronil, beta-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, pyrethrins, DDT, imidacloprid, and/or abamectin;
Cat fleas with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Cat fleas with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Cat fleas with reduced sensitivity to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Cat fleas with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a4;
Cat fleas with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a5;
Reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb, carbaryl, chlorfenbinphos, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, fenthion, isofenphos, propetamphos, propoxur, malathion, fipronil, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, fluvalinate, permethrin, pyrethrins, imidacloprid, and/or spinosad Cat flea;
American dog tick, with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
American dog tick, with reduced susceptibility to DDT;
Bovine ticks with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Bovine ticks with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a2;
Bovine ticks with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
Bovine ticks with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a6;
Bovine ticks with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a20;
Bovine ticks with reduced susceptibility to carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, fipronil, pyriprole, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, flumethrin, permethrin, ivermectin, and/or amitraz;
Chrysophora infestans with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a1;
Chrysophora infestans with reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from group a3;
A member of the group A20, which has a reduced susceptibility to one or more compounds selected from the group a20;
Periwinkle mites with reduced susceptibility to permethrin and/or amitraz;

Examples of harmful arthropods such as harmful insects and harmful mites, harmful molluscs, and harmful nematodes whose susceptibility is reduced by amino acid substitution of the target protein include the following.
Aphids having an amino acid substitution of R81T in the β subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor;
Aphid peach with R81T amino acid substitution in β subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor;
Diamondback moth with G4946E amino acid substitution in the ryanodine receptor;
Diamondback moth with F1845Y or V1848I amino acid substitutions in the sodium channel;
Sedrounker with A2'N amino acid substitutions in GABAergic chloride channels;
Aphids having amino acid substitutions of S431F and/or A302S in acetylcholinesterase;
Whitefly whitefly having amino acid substitution of L925I and/or T929V in voltage-gated sodium channel; Aphis moss having amino acid substitution of S431F in acetylcholinesterase;
Aphid peach, which has L1014F, M918T, and/or TL932F amino acid substitution in the voltage-gated sodium channel;
Aphids with A302S and/or A302G amino acid substitutions in GABAergic chloride channels;
Citrus thrips having L1014F and/or M918T amino acid substitution in the voltage-gated sodium channel;
Citrus thrips with an amino acid substitution of G275E in the α6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor;
Corn earworms having L1029H, V421M, V421A, V421G and/or I951V amino acid substitutions in voltage-gated sodium channels;
Fake Tobacco Moth having L1029H, D1561V, E1565G, and/or V421M amino acid substitution in the voltage-gated sodium channel;
Colorado potato beetle having R30K, S291G, and/or I392T amino acid substitutions in acetylcholinesterase;
Colorado potato beetle having L1014F amino acid substitution in voltage-gated sodium channel;
Acetylcholinester with acetylcholinesterase type 1 amino acid substitution of S298P;
Acarid mites with G323D amino acid substitutions in the GluCl1 subunit of the glutamate receptor;
Acarid mites having an amino acid substitution of G326E in the GluCl3 subunit of the glutamate receptor;
N. thrips having the amino acid substitutions M918T, M918L, T929I, V1010A, and/or L1014F in the voltage-gated sodium channel;
L. whitefly with L925I and/or T929I amino acid substitutions in voltage-gated sodium channels;
Tuta absoluta having G4903V, G4903E, I4746T, and/or I4746M amino acid substitutions in the ryanodine receptor;
A brown planthopper having an amino acid substitution of A301S in the GABAergic chloride channel;
A brown planthopper having an amino acid substitution of Y151S in the α1 and α3 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor;
European corn borer having L1014F amino acid substitution in voltage-gated sodium channel;
Apple mites with F1538I amino acid substitutions in voltage-gated sodium channels;
Cabbage stem free beetle having L1014F amino acid substitution in voltage-gated sodium channel;
English grain-affected with L1014F amino acid substitution in voltage-gated sodium channel;
Diamondback moth having amino acid substitutions of A282S, A282G, and/or A302S in the GABAergic chloride channel;
Diamondback moth having M918I, T929I, and/or L1014F amino acid substitutions in voltage-gated sodium channels;
Bed bugs having amino acid substitutions of V419L, L925I, and/or I936F in the α subunit of voltage-gated sodium channel;
Housefly having amino acid substitutions of V180L, V260L, G262A, G262V, G342A, G342V, G365A, F327Y, F407Y, and/or G445A in acetylcholinesterase;
Housefly having amino acid substitutions of M918T, L1014F and/or L1014H in the α subunit of voltage-gated sodium channel;
Housefly with A302S amino acid substitution in GABAergic chloride channel;
Culex pipiens having L1014F and/or L1014S amino acid substitution in the voltage-gated sodium channel;
Culex pipiens with amino acid substitution of A302S in GABAergic chloride channel;
Culex pipiens having L1014F and/or L1014S amino acid substitutions in voltage-gated sodium channels;
Acacia mosquitoes having L1014F and/or L1014S amino acid substitutions in voltage-gated sodium channels;
Acacia mosquitoes having G119S amino acid substitutions in acetylcholinesterase;
Aedes aegypti with V410L, G923V, L982W, S989P, I1011M, I1011V, V1016I, V1016G, T1520I, F1534C, and/or D1763Y amino acid substitution in the voltage-gated sodium channel;
Gambier anopheles having L1014S and/or N1575Y amino acid substitution in the voltage-gated sodium channel;
Gambier anopheles having G119S amino acid substitution in acetylcholinesterase;
Anopheles coluzzii having L1014F and/or N1575Y amino acid substitutions in voltage-gated sodium channels;
Anopheles arabiensis with L1014F amino acid substitution in voltage-gated sodium channel;
Anopheles funestus with A296S and V327I amino acid substitutions in GABAergic chloride channels;
Astragalus having amino acid substitution of A302S in the GABAergic chloride channel;
German cockroaches with amino acid substitutions D58G, E434K, C764R, L933F, and/or P1880L in voltage-gated sodium channels;
German cockroaches with an amino acid substitution of A302S in the GABAergic chloride channel;
Cat fleas having T929V and/or L1014F amino acid substitutions in voltage-gated sodium channels;
A cat flea with an amino acid substitution of A302S in the GABAergic chloride channel;
A bovine tick that has an amino acid substitution of C190A and/or F1550I in a voltage-gated sodium channel.

Examples of harmful arthropods such as harmful insects and harmful mites, harmful molluscs, and harmful nematodes whose susceptibility is decreased due to a decrease in the target protein include the following.
Housefly with reduced expression of the α2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Factors that increase the activity of the metabolic enzyme include, for example, overexpression of the metabolic enzyme gene (also referred to as quantitative mutation) and improvement of the affinity of the metabolic enzyme with a drug (also referred to as qualitative mutation). It may have one or more factors that increase the activity of these metabolic enzymes.

Examples of harmful insects, harmful arthropods such as harmful mites, harmful molluscs, and harmful nematodes whose metabolic enzyme activity is increased due to overexpression of the metabolic enzyme gene include the following.
Black planthopper overexpressing CYP6ER1 (a type of cytochrome P450 gene);
Amrasca biguttula biguttula overexpressed glutathione-S-transferase gene;
Cotton aphid overexpressing cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene;
Tobacco whitefly overexpressing CYP6CM1 (a type of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase gene);
Tobacco whitefly overexpressing cytochrome P450-dependent monoxygenase gene;
Pondidae overexpressed with carboxylesterase gene and/or microsomal-O-demethylase gene;
Codling moss overexpressing glutathion-S-transferase gene and/or cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene;
Sugar cane bowlers with reduced expression of three aminopeptidases N genes (DsAPN1, DsAPN2, and DsAPN3) and/or DsCAD1 (one of the cadherin genes);
bean leafhopper with overexpression of cytochrome P450 gene;
Blossom beetles overexpressing the cytochrome P450 gene;
Peach aphid overexpressed CYP6CY3 (a kind of cytochrome P450 gene);
Aphid peach, which is overexpressed with E4 gene which is one of carboxylesterases and/or FE4 gene which is one of carboxylesterases;
Lettuce aphid with overexpression of esterase gene;
Lettuce aphid with overexpression of the glutathione S-transferases gene;
brown stink bug with overexpression of esterase gene;
a brown stink bug in which the gene of EST-2, which is one type of cholinesterase, and/or the gene of EST-4, which is one type of cholinesterase, is overexpressed;
Thrips palmi thrips with overexpressed esterase gene;
Thrips palmi thrips overexpressing the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene;
Thrips palmi thrips overexpressing the glutathione S-transferases gene;
Helicoverpa armigera expressing CYP337B3 (a kind of cytochrome P450 gene);
Helicoverpa armigera overexpressing cytochrome P450 monooxygenases gene;
Helicoverpa armigera overexpressing the glutathione S-transferases gene;
Helicoverpa armigera overexpressing the esterase gene;
False moth tobacco with overexpression of glutathione-S-transferase gene;
False moth tobacco with overexpression of esterase gene;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, overexpressing the cytochrome P450 gene;
Colorado potato beetle with overexpression of the glutathione-S-transferase gene;
Colorado potato beetle overexpressing the esterase gene;
Colorado potato beetle overexpressing cytochrome P450 gene;
TuGSTd14 (a type of glutathione-S-transferase gene) overexpressed scabbard mites;
Whitefly whitefly overexpressing CYP6CM1 (a type of cytochrome P450 gene);
Pseudomonas aeruginosa with overexpression of cytochrome P450 gene;
Brown planthopper with reduced expression of CYP6AY1 (a type of cytochrome P450 gene);
brown planthopper with overexpression of the carboxylesterases gene;
A brown planthopper overexpressing the gene of Nl-EST1 which is one of carboxylesterases;
A brown planthopper overexpressing CYP6ER1, CYP6AY1, and/or CYP6FU1 (one of cytochrome P450 genes);
European corn borer overexpressing cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene;
European corn borer overexpressing glutathion-S-transferase gene;
Apple mites with overexpression of cytochrome P450-dependent monoxygenase gene;
Cabbage stem free beetle overexpressing cytochrome P450 gene;
Bed bugs overexpressing CYP397A1, CYP398A1, CYP6DN1, CYP4CM1, and/or CYP400A1 (all of which are one type of cytochrome P450 gene);
Bed bugs overexpressing CE3959 and/or CE21331 (all of which are one of carboxylesterases gene);
Bed bugs overexpressing S1 (a type of glutathione-S-transferase gene);
Housefly that overexpressed CYP6A1, CYP6A5v1, CYP6A5v2, CYP6A36, CYP6A40, CYP6D1, CYP6D1v1, CYP6D3, CYP6D8, CYP6G2, and/or CYP6G4 (all of the cytochrome P450 genes);
Aedes mosquitoes overexpressing CYP9M10, CYP6AA7 and/or CYP4H34 (all of which are one type of cytochrome P450 gene);
Aedes aegypti with overexpressed esterase gene;
Aedes aegypti overexpressed glutathione-S-transferase gene;
Aedes aegypti overexpressed with CYP4D24, CYP6BB2, CYP6F3, CYP6M11, CYP6N12, and/or CYP9M6 (all of which are one type of cytochrome P450 gene).
Aedes aegypti with overexpressed carboxylesterase gene;
Gambier anopheles overexpressed with CYP4P16, CYP4P17, CYP6P3, CYP6Z1, CYP12F1, and/or CYP325A3 (all of which are one type of cytochrome P450 gene);
Gambier Anopheles mosquitoes overexpressing GSTE2 (a type of glutathione-S-transferase gene);
Gambier Anopheles mosquitoes overexpressing PX13A and/or PX13B (both are one of the peroxidase genes);
Anopheles gambiae overexpressing the esterase gene;
Anopheles arabiensis with overexpression of CYP6P4 (a type of cytochrome P450 gene);
Anopheles arabiensis with overexpression of the carboxylesterase gene;
Anopheles arabiensis with overexpression of beta-esterases gene;
Anopheles funestus overexpressing CYP6P4 and/or CYP6P9 (all of which are one type of cytochrome P450 gene);
CYP6BQ9 (a kind of cytochrome P450 gene) overexpressed Kotosutomoki;
Glitterfish with overexpression of the glutathione-S-transferase gene;
Epsilon (a type of glutathione-S-transferase gene) overexpressed Kotosutomoki;
German cockroach overexpressing CYP4G19 (a type of cytochrome P450 gene).

Examples of harmful insects, harmful arthropods such as harmful mites, pest molluscs, and harmful nematodes whose activity of the metabolic enzyme is increased by improving affinity of the metabolic enzyme with a drug by amino acid substitution include the following: ..
A brown planthopper having CYP6ER1vA (a variant of CYP6ER1) having T318S, A375Δ and A376G amino acid substitutions;
A brown planthopper having CYP6ER1vB (a variant of CYP6ER1) having amino acid substitutions of T318S and A377Δ;
Housefly having a carboxyesterase having an amino acid substitution of W251L and/or W251S;
P45S and/or G131S having a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase having an amino acid substitution.

As a harmful insect having multiple factors for increasing the activity of metabolic enzymes, harmful arthropods such as harmful mites, harmful molluscs and nematodes, for example, in addition to overexpression of CYP6ER1, by having CYP6ER1vA and CYP6ER1vB. An example is the brown planthopper that has reduced sensitivity to imidacloprid.

Examples of harmful insects, harmful arthropods such as harmful mites, harmful molluscs, and harmful nematodes whose susceptibility is decreased due to a decrease in skin permeability include the following.
Helicoverpa armigera that has decreased sensitivity to pyrethroids (eg, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate, etc.) due to reduced cuticular penetration of the drug in the cuticle;
Bed bugs with reduced sensitivity to pyrethroids (such as beta-cyfluthrin) due to overexpression of C2, C10, and/or C13 (all of which are putative epidermal protein genes).

Examples of harmful insects, harmful arthropods such as harmful mites, harmful molluscs, and harmful nematodes whose susceptibility is lowered due to enhancement of the excretion function by the membrane transporter include the following.
Bed bugs overexpressing Abc8, Abc9, Abc10 and/or Abc11 which are genes of the ABC transporter.

The compounds of the present invention can also be used to protect plants from plant diseases caused by insect-borne viruses or insect-borne bacteria.

Examples of insect-borne viruses include the following.
Rice dwarf virus (Rice tungro spherical virus), rice tungro bacilliform virus (Rice tungro bacilliform virus), rice grassy stunt virus (Rice grassy stunt virus), rice ragged stunt virus (Rice ragged stunt virus), rice stripe leaf blight virus ( Rice stripe virus, Rice black streaked dwarf virus, Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus, Rice gall dwarf virus, Rice white leaf disease blanca virus), rice yellow leaf virus (Rice yellow stunt virus), Rice yellow mottle virus, rice dwarf virus (Rice dwarf virus), wheat cereal mosaic virus (Northern cereal mosaic virus), barley yellow dwarf virus (Barley yellow dwarf virus) , Barley mild mosaic virus, Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV, Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV, Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPS, Wheat yellow leaf virus , Oat sterile dwarf virus, Wheat streak mosaic virus, Maize dwarf mosaic virus, Maize stripe virus, Maize chlorotic mottle virus, Maize chlorotic dwarf virus, Maize rayado fino virus, Sugar cane mosaic virus (Sugarcane mosaic virus), Fiji disease virus, Sugarcane yellow leaf virus, Soybean mild mosaic virus , Cycas necrotic stunt virus, Soybean dwarf virus, Soybean dwarf virus, Milk vetch dwarf virus, Soybean mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus , Bean yellow mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic virus, Southern bean mosaic virus, Peanut stunt virus, Broad bean virus 1 (Broad bean mosaic virus) bean wilt virus 1), broad bean wilt virus 2), broad bean necrosis virus, broad bean yellow vein virus, clover leaf yellowing virus Clover yellow vein virus), peanut mottle virus, Tobacco streak virus, Bean pod mottle virus, Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, Mung bean yellow mosaic virus, Soybean crinkle leaf virus, tomato chlorosis virus (Tomato chlorosis virus), Tomato spotted wilt virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato aspermy virus, Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (Tomato) infectious chlorosis virus), potato leafroll virus (Potato leafroll virus), potato Y virus (Potato virus Y), melon yellow necrosis virus (Mel on yellow spot virus), melon necrotic spot virus (Melon necrotic spot virus), watermelon mosaic virus (Watermelon mosaic virus), cucumber mosaic virus (Cucumber mosaic virus), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus), turnip mosaic virus (Turnip mosaic virus), turnip yellow mosaic virus (Turnip yellow mosaic virus), cauliflower mosaic virus (Cauliflower mosaic virus), lettuce mosaic virus (Lettuce mosaic virus), celery mosaic virus (Celery mosaic virus), beet mosaic virus (Beet mosaic virus, Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, Capsicum chlorosis virus, Beet pseudo yellows virus, Leak yellow stripe virus ), Onion yellow dwarf virus, Sweet potato feathery mottle virus, Sweet potato shukuyo mosaic virus, Strawberry mottle virus, Strawberry mild yellow edge Virus (Strawberry mild yellow edge virus), strawberry pseudo mild yellow edge virus (Strawberry pseudo mild yellow edge virus), strawberry crinkle virus (Strawberry crinkle virus), strawberry bain banding virus (Strawberry vein banding virus), plum ring virus ( plum pox virus), Chrysanthemum stem necrosis vir us), Impatiens necrotic spot virus, Iris yellow spot virus, Lily mottle virus, Lily symptomless virus, Tulip mosaic virus virus) etc.

Examples of insect-borne bacteria include the following.
Rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma oryzae), Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris, Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma, citrus greening fungus Asia type (Candidatus Liberbacter asiaticus), citrus greening fungus African type (Candidatus Liberbacter africanus fungus) Type (Candidatus Liberbacter americanus), Pierce's disease fungus (Xylella fastidiosa) and the like.

The pathogenic bacterium of the present invention includes phytopathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, oomycete, Phytomyxea, and bacteria. Examples of fungi include Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blasocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota and Olpidiomycota. Specific examples include the following. The name in parentheses indicates the scientific name of the phytopathogenic microorganism that causes each disease.

Rice diseases: rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae), sesame leaf blight (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), blight (Rhizoctonia solani), scabbard seedling (Gibberella fujikuroi), yellow dwarf (Sclerophthora macrospora), rice blast and Head blight (Epicoccum nigrum), seedling blight (Trichoderma viride, Rhizopus oryzae);
Wheat diseases: Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Microdochium nivale), Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), Black rust (Puccinia graminis), Red rust (Puccinia recond) ), red snow rot (Microdochium nivale, Microdochium majus), snow rot small grain sclerot (Typhula incarnata, Typhula ishikariensis), bare smut (Ustilago tritici), lintel scab (Tilletia caries, Tilletia controversa), eyeblight (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides), leaf blight (Septoria tritici), blight (Stagonospora nodorum), yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), Rhizoctonia solani, and blight (Gaeumannomyces graminis). , Blast (Pyricularia graminis-tritici);
Diseases of barley: Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Microdochium nivale), Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), Black rust (Puccinia graminis), Small rust (Puccinia graminis) hordei), bare smut (Ustilago nuda), cloudy spot (Rhynchosporium secalis), net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), leaf spot (Cochliobolus sativus), leaf spot (Pyrenophora graminea), lambaria leaf spot disease (Ramularia collo-cygni). ), Rhizoctonia solani;
Maize diseases: Rust (Puccinia sorghi), Southern rust (Puccinia polysora), Soot blotch (Setosphaeria turcica), Tropical rust (Physopella zeae), Sesame leaf blight (Cochliobolus heterostrophus), Anthrax (Colletotrichum graminicola) ), gray leaf spot disease (Cercospora zeae-maydis), brown spot disease (Kabatiella zeae), pheosphaeria leaf spot disease (Phaeosphaeria maydis), Diplodia disease (Stenocarpella maydis, Stenocarpella macrospora), stalk lot disease (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticilioides, Colletotrichum graminicola), smut (Ustilago maydis), Fuisoderma maydis);
Cotton diseases: anthracnose (Colletotrichum gossypii), mildew (Ramularia areola), black spot (Alternaria macrospora, Alternaria gossypii), Black root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola);
Diseases of coffee: rust (Hemileia vastatrix), leaf spot disease (Cercospora coffeicola);
Rape disease: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, black spot (Alternaria brassicae), root rot (Phoma lingam), light leaf spot disease (Pyrenopeziza brassicae);
Diseases of sugar cane: rust (Puccinia melanocephela, Puccinia kuehnii), smut (Ustilago scitaminea);
Sunflower diseases: rust (Puccinia helianthi), downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii);
Citrus diseases: Black spot (Diaporthe citri), Scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), Green mold (Penicillium digitatum), Blue mold (Penicillium italicum), Plague (Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora citrophthora), Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) ;
Diseases of apples: Monilinia mali, rot (Valsa ceratosperma), powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), leaf spot (Alternaria alternata apple pathotype), black spot (Venturia inaequalis), anthracnose (Glomerella tricul). acutatum), brown spot (Diplocarpon mali), ring spot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana), plague (Phytophtora cactorum), red scab (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, Gymnosporangium yamadae);
Diseases of pears: scab (Venturia nashicola, Venturia pirina), black spot (Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype), scab (Gymnosporangium haraeanum);
Diseases of peach: Monilinia fructicola, scab (Cladosporium carpophilum), Phomopsis rot (Taphrina deformans);
Diseases of grapes: black scab (Elsinoe ampelina), late rot (Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum acutatum), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), black lotus (Guignardia bidwellii), downy mildew (mildew) Plasmopara viticola);
Diseases of oysters: Anthrax (Gloeosporium kaki, Colletotrichum acutatum), leaf scab (Cercospora kaki, Mycosphaerella nawae);
Diseases of Cucurbits: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), vine blight (Didymella bryoniae), brown spot (Corynespora cassiicola), vine (Fusarium oxysporum), downy mildew (Pseudosisperonospora). ), plague (Phytophthora capsici), seedling blight (Pythium sp.);
Diseases of tomato: leaf spot (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), soot mold (Pseudocercospora fuligena), plague (Phytophthora infestans), powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica);
Eggplant diseases: brown spot (Phomopsis vexans), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum);
Diseases of cruciferous vegetables: black spot (Alternaria japonica), white spot (Cercosporella brassicae), root-knot disease (Plasmodiophora brassicae), downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), white rust (Albugo candida);
Diseases of leek: rust (Puccinia allii);
Diseases of soybean: Purpura (Cercospora kikuchii), Black spot (Elsinoe glycines), Black spot (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), Brown rot (Corynespora cassiicola), Anthrax (Coinestotrichum) , Colletotrichum truncatum), leaf rot (Rhizoctonia solani), leaf spot (Septoria glycines), leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), sclerotinia sclerotiorum, powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), stem blight (Phytophthora sojae) , Downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica), sudden death (Fusarium virguliforme), black root rot (Calonectria ilicicola), Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex (Diaporthe longicolla);
Diseases of green beans: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, rust (Uromyces appendiculatus), horn spot (Phaeoisariopsis griseola), anthrax (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), root rot (Fusarium solani);
Peanut diseases: Black spot (Cercospora personata), Brown spot (Cercospora arachidicola), White silkworm (Sclerotium rolfsii), Black root rot (Calonectria ilicicola);
Diseases of pea: powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi), root rot (Fusarium solani);
Diseases of potato: Summer plague (Alternaria solani), plague (Phytophthora infestans), scarlet rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica), powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea), wilt disease (Verticillium verboatium) dahliae, Verticillium nigrescens), dry rot (Fusarium solani), carcinoma (Synchytrium endobioticum);
Diseases of strawberries: powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli);
Tea diseases: net blast (Exobasidium reticulatum), white scab (Elsinoe leucospila), ring spot (Pestalotiopsis sp.), anthrax (Colletotrichum theae-sinensis);
Tobacco diseases: Red scab (Alternaria longipes), anthrax (Colletotrichum tabacum), downy mildew (Peronospora tabacina), plague (Phytophthora nicotianae);
Diseases of sugar beet: brown spot (Cercospora beticola), leaf rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), root rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), black root (Aphanomyces cochlioides), rust (Uromyces betae);
Rose disease: scab (Diplocarpon rosae), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa);
Chrysanthemum diseases: brown spot (Septoria chrysanthemi-indici), white rust (Puccinia horiana);
Diseases of onions: White spot blight (Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis byssoidea, Botrytis squamosa), gray rot (Botrytis allii), small sclerotial rot (Botrytis squamosa);
Diseases of various crops: Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum;
Disease of Japanese radish: Black spot (Alternaria brassicicola);
Diseases of turf: dollar spot disease (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), brown patch disease, large patch disease (Rhizoctonia solani), red burn disease (Pythium aphanidermatum);
Diseases of bananas: Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Mycosphaerella musicola);
Diseases of lentil: Ascochyta disease (Ascochyta lentis);
Chickpea disease: Ascochyta disease (Ascochyta rabiei);
Bell pepper disease: anthrax (Colletotrichum scovillei);
Diseases of mango: anthrax (Colletotrichum acutatum);
Diseases of fruit trees: White rot (Rosellinia necatrix), Purple rot (Helicobasidium mompa);
Diseases of fruits such as apples and pears after harvesting: Mucor piriformis;
Seed disease or early-stage disease caused by Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Gibberella, Tricoderma, Thielaviopsis, Rhizopus, Mucor, Corticium, Phoma, Rhizoctonia, Diplodia, etc.;
Viral diseases: Big Vein disease of lettuce mediated by Olpidium brassicae, viral diseases of various crops mediated by Polymyxa genus (eg Polymyxa betae and Polymyxa graminis);
Diseases caused by bacteria: Burkholderia plantarii of rice, spotted bacterial disease of cucumber (Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans), bacterial wilt of eggplant (Ralstonia solanacearum), citrus canker of citrus (Xanthomonas citri) ), Chinese cabbage soft rot (Erwinia carotovora), potato scab (Streptomyces scabiei), corn Goss's wilt disease (Clavibacter michiganensis), grape, olive, peach and other pierce disease (Xylella fastidiosa), apple, peach, cherry. Gall disease (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) of Rosaceae plants.

With respect to the above-mentioned phytopathogenic microorganisms, variations within species are not particularly limited. That is, those having reduced sensitivity (also referred to as resistance) to a specific bactericide are also included. The decrease in susceptibility may be that having a mutation at the target site (action point mutation) or may be due to a factor other than the action point mutation (non-action point mutation). Regarding the point of action mutation, amino acid substitution occurs in the protein that is the target site due to mutation of the nucleic acid sequence part (open reading frame) corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the protein, deletion of the suppressor sequence in the promoter region, or enhancer It includes those in which the protein at the target site is overexpressed due to mutation such as sequence amplification or increase in gene copy number. The non-action point mutation includes, for example, enhancement of the excretion function of the ABC transporter, MFS transporter, etc., which expels the bactericidal agent flowing into the cell to the outside of the cell. Moreover, detoxification by metabolism of a bactericide is also mentioned.

Examples of the above-mentioned specific bactericides include nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (eg, phenylamide bactericides, acylamino acid bactericides, DNA topoisomerase type II bactericides), mitotic and cell division inhibitors (eg, MBC fungicide, N-phenyl carbamate fungicide), respiratory inhibitor (eg QoI fungicide, QiI fungicide, SDHI fungicide), inhibitor of amino acid synthesis and protein synthesis (eg anilinopyrimidine fungicide), Signal transduction inhibitors (eg, phenylpyrrole fungicides, dicarboximide fungicides), inhibitors of lipid synthesis and cell membrane synthesis (eg, phosphorothiolate fungicides, dithiolane fungicides, aromatic hydrocarbon fungicides, Heteroaromatic fungicides, carbamate fungicides, sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (for example, triazole-based DMI fungicides, hydroxyanilide fungicides, aminopyrazolinone fungicides), cell wall synthesis inhibitors (eg, , Polyoxin fungicides, carboxylic acid amide fungicides), melanin synthesis inhibitors (eg MBI-R fungicides, MBI-D fungicides, MBI-P fungicides), and other fungicides (eg cyanoacetamide). Oxime type bactericidal agents, phenylacetamide type bactericidal agents).

Examples of the amino acid substitution at the target site include the following.
Cytochrome b: G143A, F129L, G137R, I147V, L275F, Y279C, Y279S, M295L, L299F, A126T, Y132C, C133Y, G137V, G137A, G137S, M139V, T145F, T145R, T145S, T145C, T145L, T145Y, T145Y, T145Y, T145Y, T145Y. , T148L, T148I, T148T, N256Y, N256K, N256I, E272D, E272G, E272Q, W273L, W273F, Y274S, Y274F, L275S, L275T or L295F;
A311G, A379G, A381G, A410T, A61V, D107V, D134G, D282E, D411N, E297K, F120L, F219S, F449S, F489L, F495I, G138C/R/S, G312A, G412A, G432S, G434C, G448S to Cyp51 protein. /Δ, G462A, G464S, G484S, G510C, G54E/K/R/V/W, G54W, H147Y, H303Y, H399P, I145F, I330T, I381V/Δ, I471T, I475T, K142R, K143E, K147Q, K175N, K197N , L50S, L98H, M145L, M220K/I/T/V, M288L, N125I, N178S, N22D, N284H, N513K, P216L, P384S, P394L, Q141H, Q88H, R467K, S188N, S208T, S509T, S405F, S508T, S509T. , S524T, S52T, S79T, T289A, T440A, T454P, T469S, V101F, V136A/C/G, V490L, Y121F, Y131F/H, Y132F/H/N, Y134F, Y134F, Y136F, Y137F, Y140F/H, Y145F , Y431C, Y459C/D/N/S/P/Δ, Y461D, Y461D/H/S, Y463D/H/N, Y491H or Y68N;
β-tubulin: H6L/Y, Y50C/N/S, Q134K, A165V, E198A/D/G/K/L/Q/V, F200Y, M257L, F200Y, F167Y, Q73R or L240F;
SdhB: H277R/Y, P225H/F/L/T, N230I, H272L/R/V/Y, H278Y/R, H249L/N/Y, H273Y, N225I/T, T268I/A, I269V, H242R, H257L or T253I;
SdhC: H134R, P80H/L, A85V, S73P, T90I, I86F, N88S, H154Y/R, K49E, R64K, N75S, G79R, S135R, N87S, H153R, H146R, I29V, N33T, N34T, T79I/N, W80S, A84V, N86K/S/A, G90R, R151T/S, H152R, I161S, G169D or H151R;
SdhD: H133R, H132R, S89P, G109V, D124E/N, H134R, G138V, D145G, I50F, M114V or D129E;
OS-1(Shk1): E753K, G420D, I365N/R/S, V368F, Q369H/P, N373S, T447S, F267L, L290S, T765R, Q777R, T489I, E599K or G736Y;
ERG27: S9G, F26S, P57A, T63I, G170R, V192I, L195F, N196T, A210G, I232M, P238S/Δ, P250S, P269L, P298Δ, V309M, A314V, S336C, V365A, E368D, N369D, E375K, A378T, L400F. S, Y408S, F412I/S/V/C, A461S or R496T.

Further, the following are examples of phytopathogenic microorganisms and their host plants that have decreased sensitivity to fungicides due to overexpression of the Cyp51 gene. Wheat Septoria tritici (reference: Pest Management Science. 2012. 68(7).1034-1040), barley Rhynchosporium secalis (reference: Molecular Bilogy and Evolution. 2014. 31(7).1793-1802) soybean Phakopsora pachyrhizi (reference: Pest Management Science. 2014. 70(3).378-388), apple Venturia inaequalis (reference: Phytopathology. 2016. 106(6).562-571), citrus Penicillium digitatum (reference) Reference: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2000. 66(8).3421-3426).

The phytopathogenic microorganism capable of controlling the present (invention) compound may have a plurality of the above amino acid substitutions. In this case, the plurality of amino acid substitutions may be the same protein or different proteins. Moreover, you may have multiple non-action point mutations and action point mutations. For example, a phytopathogenic microorganism causing amino acid substitutions of G143A, F129L and G137R in cytochrome b; a phytopathogenic microorganism having an amino acid substitution of G143A in cytochrome b and an amino acid substitution of A311G in Cyp51; G143A in cytochrome b and A phytopathogenic microorganism having an amino acid substitution of F129L and an amino acid substitution of A311G in Cyp51; an amino acid substitution of G143A and F129L in cytochrome b, and an amino acid substitution of H6L/Y in β-tubulin. And a phytopathogenic microorganism in which the Cyp51 gene is overexpressed.

Examples of the phytopathogenic microorganism having a point of action mutation include the following.
Alternaria alternata with G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Alternaria arborescens with G143A amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Alternaria solani with F129L amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Alternaria tomato with G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Botryotinia fuckeliana having G143A amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Glomerella graminicola having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Corynespora cassiicola with G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Cercospora beticola having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Cercospora sojina having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Cladsporium carpophilum having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Colletotrichum graminicola having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Glomerella cingulata having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Parastagonospora nodorum having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Monographella nivalis with G143A amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Microdochium majus, which has an amino acid substitution of G143A in cytochrome b, nivale;
Mycosphaerella fijiensis having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Didymella rabiei with G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Phakopsora pachyrhizi with an F129L amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Plasmopara viticola having F129L or G143A amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Pleospora allii having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Podosphaera fusca having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Podosphaera xanthii having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Pseudoperonospora cubensis having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Magnaporthe oryzae having F129L or G143A amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Pyrenophora teres having F129L amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis having F129L, G137R or G143A amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Pythium aphanidermatum having F129L amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Thanatephorus cucumeris having F129L or G143A amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Ramularia collo-cygni having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Rhynchosporium secalis having an amino acid substitution of G143A in cytochrome b;
Rhizoctonia solani having an F129L amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Zymoseptoria tritici having F129L, G137R or G143A amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Erysiphe necator having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Venturia inaequalis having G143A amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae having an I147V amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae having L275F amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae having the Y279C amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae having the Y279S amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae having M295L amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Puccinia horiana with L299F amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having L299F amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having an A126T amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having the Y132C amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having C133Y amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having G137V amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having G137A amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having G137S amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having an M139V amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having T145F amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having T145R amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having T145S amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and oomycota having T145C amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having T145L amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having T145Y amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having T148M amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having T148V amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having T148L amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having T148I amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having T148T amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having N256Y amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having N256K amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota with N256I amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having an E272D amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having an E272G amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having an E272Q amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having W273L amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having W273F amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having an amino acid substitution of Y274S in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having Y274F amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having L275S amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having L275T amino acid substitution in cytochrome b;
Fungi and Oomycota having L295F amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b;
Ajellomyces capsulatus having an amino acid substitution of Y136F in Cyp51;
Aspergillus flavus having an amino acid substitution of Y132N, K197N, D282E, M288L, T469S, H399P, D411N or T454P in Cyp51;
Cyp51 to N22D, S52T, G54E/K/R/V/W, Y68N, Q88H, L98H, V101F, Y121F, N125I, G138C/R/S, Q141H, H147Y, P216L, F219S, M220K/I/T/V, Aspergillus fumigatus having amino acid substitutions of T289A, S297T, P394L, Y431C, G432S, G434C, T440A, G448S, Y491H or F495I;
Aspergillus parasiticus having G54W amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Candida albicans having amino acid substitutions of A61V, Y132F/H, K143E, S405F, F449S, G464S, R467K or I471T in Cyp51;
Cercospora beticola having E297K, I330T or P384S amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei having Y136F, K147Q or S509T amino acid substitutions in Cyp51;
Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici with S79T, Y136F, or K175N amino acid substitutions in Cyp51;
Filobasidiella neoformans having a Y145F or G484S amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Monilinia fructicola having an amino acid substitution of Y136F in Cyp51,
Mycosphaerella fijiensis having an amino acid substitution of Y136F, A313G, A381G, Y461D, G462A or Y463D/H/N in Cyp51;
Phakopsora pachyrhizi having F120L, Y131F/H, K142R, I145F or I475T amino acid substitutions in Cyp51;
Puccinia triticina with an amino acid substitution of Y134F in Cyp51;
Pyrenophora teres having F489L amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Pyrenopeziza brassicae having S508T amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae having Y140F/H amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Cyp51 to L50S, D107V, D134G, V136A/C/G, Y137F, M145L, N178S, S188N, S208T, N284H, H303Y, A311G, G312A, A379G, I381V/Δ, A410T, G412A, Y459C/D/N/S/ Zymoseptoria tritici with amino acid substitutions of P/Δ, G460D/Δ, Y461D/H/S, V490L, G510C, N513K or S524T;
Erysiphe necator having Y136F amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Emericella nidulans having H6L/Y, Y50N/S, Q134K, A165V, E198D/K/Q, F200Y or M257L amino acid substitutions in β-tubulin;
Botryotinia fuckeliana having E198A/G/K/V or F200Y amino acid substitutions in β-tubulin;
Cochliobolus heterostrophus having F167Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Cercospora beticola having an amino acid substitution of F167Y or E198A in β-tubulin;
Gibberella fujikuroi having Y50N, E198V or F200Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Gibberella zeae having amino acid substitutions of Y50C, Q73R, F167Y, E198K/L/Q or F200Y in β-tubulin;
Helminthosporium solani having E198A/Q amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Hypomyces odoratus having Y50C amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Parastagonospora nodorum having H6Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Monilinia fructicola having H6Y or E198A/K amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Monilinia laxa having L240F amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Microdochium majus, which has an amino acid substitution of E198A in β-tubulin, nivale;
Mycosphaerella fijiensis with E198A amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Neurospora crassa having F167Y or E198G amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Penicillium aurantiogriseum having E198A/K or F200Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Penicillium expansum having F167Y or E198A/K/V amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Penicillium italicum having E198K or F200Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Pyrenopeziza brassicae having L240F amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Rhynchosporium secalis having E198G/K or F200Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Sclerotinia homoeocarpa having E198A/K amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with E198A amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Zymoseptoria tritici having E198A/G amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Venturia inaequalis having E198A/K, F200Y or L240F amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Alternaria alternata with H277R/Y amino acid substitutions in SdhB;
Alternaria solani having amino acid substitution of H277R/Y in SdhB,
Botryotinia fuckeliana having P225H/F/L/T, N230I or H272L/R/V/Y amino acid substitutions in SdhB;
Corynespora cassiicola having H278Y/R amino acid substitutions in SdhB;
Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum having H277R/Y amino acid substitution in SdhB;
Eurotium oryzae having H249L/N/Y amino acid substitutions in SdhB;
Pyrenophora teres having H277Y amino acid substitution in SdhB;
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with H273Y amino acid substitutions in SdhB;
Zymoseptoria tritici having N225I/T, H273Y, T268I/A or I269V amino acid substitutions in SdhB;
Erysiphe necator having H242R amino acid substitution in SdhB;
Ustilago maydis having an H257L amino acid substitution in SdhB;
Venturia inaequalis with T253I amino acid substitution in SdhB;
Alternaria alternata with H134R amino acid substitution in SdhC;
Botryotinia fuckeliana with P80H/L or A85V amino acid substitutions in SdhC;
Corynespora cassiicola having an amino acid substitution of S73P in SdhC;
Eurotium oryzae having T90I amino acid substitution in SdhC;
Phakopsora pachyrhizi with I86F, N88S or H154Y/R amino acid substitutions in SdhC;
Pyrenophora teres having K49E, R64K, N75S, G79R, H134R or S135R amino acid substitutions in SdhC;
Ramularia collo-cygni having N87S, H146R or H153R amino acid substitutions in SdhC;
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with H146R amino acid substitution in SdhC;
Zymoseptoria tritici having I29V, N33T, N34T, T79I/N, W80S, A84V, N86K/S/A, G90R, R151T/S, H152R or I161S amino acid substitution in SdhC;
Erysiphe necator having G169D amino acid substitution in SdhC;
Venturia inaequalis with H151R amino acid substitution in SdhC;
Alternaria alternata with H133R amino acid substitution in SdhD;
Alternaria solani with H133R amino acid substitution in SdhD;
Botryotinia fuckeliana with H132R amino acid substitutions in SdhD;
Corynespora cassiicola with S89P or G109V amino acid substitutions in SdhD;
Eurotium oryzae having an amino acid substitution of D124E in SdhD;
Pyrenophora teres having amino acid substitutions of D124E/N, H134R, G138V or D145G in SdhD;
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with H132R amino acid substitutions in SdhD;
Zymoseptoria tritici having I50F, M114V or D129E amino acid substitutions in SdhD;
Phytophthora capsici having Q1077K or V1109L/M amino acid substitution in CesA3;
Phytophthora drechsleri having a V1109L amino acid substitution in CesA3;
Phytophthora infestans having G1105A/V or V1109L amino acid substitution in CesA3;
Plasmopara viticola having G1105S/V amino acid substitution in CesA3;
Pseudoperonospora cubensis having G1105 V/W amino acid substitution in CesA3;
Alternaria brassicicola with E753K amino acid substitution in OS-1 (Shk1);
Alternaria longipes with G420D amino acid substitutions in OS-1 (Shk1);
Botryotinia fuckeliana having I365N/R/S, V368F, Q369H/P, N373S or T447S amino acid substitutions in OS-1 (Shk1);
Pleospora allii having F267L, L290S, T765R or Q777R amino acid substitutions in OS-1 (Shk1);
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with T489I, E599K or G736Y amino acid substitutions in OS-1 (Shk1);
ERG27 to S9G, F26S, P57A, T63I, G170R, V192I, L195F, N196T, A210G, I232M, P238S/Δ, P250S, P269L, P298Δ, V309M, A314V, S336C, V365A, E368D, N369D, E375K, A378T, L400F Botryotinia fuckeliana having amino acid substitutions of S, Y408S, F412I/S/V/C, A461S or R496T.

Zymoseptoria tritici means the same species as Septoria tritici. Microsphaera diffusa means the same species as Erysiphe diffusa.

In the method of the present invention, the compound of the present invention can be used in combination with one or more other insecticides or fungicides. Further, two or more arbitrarily selected from the compounds of the present invention can be used in combination. Here, the combined use includes mixing (tank mix), mixing (premix), and sequential processing, and in the case of sequential processing, the order of processing is not particularly limited.

Examples of insecticides and fungicides that can be used in combination with the compound of the present invention include the following. When the compound of the present invention appears, it means the combined use of the compound of the present invention and other compounds of the present invention.

Insecticides include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (eg carbamate insecticides, organophosphorus insecticides), GABAergic chloride channel blockers (eg phenylpyrazole insecticides), sodium channel modulators (eg pyrethroid insecticides), Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulator (for example, neonicotinoid insecticide), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulator, glutamatergic chloride ion channel allosteric modulator (for example, macrolide insecticide), juvenile hormone mimic, Multisite inhibitor, TRPV channel modulator of string organ, mite growth inhibitor, microbial-derived insect midgut membrane disruptor, mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor, oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling agent, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blocker ( For example, nereistoxin insecticide), chitin synthesis inhibitor, molting inhibitor, ecdysone receptor agonist, octopamine receptor agonist, inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport complex I, II, III and IV, voltage-dependent sodium Channel blockers, acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, ryanodine receptor modulators (eg, diamide insecticides), string organ modulators, microbial insecticides, and other insecticidal, acaricidal and nematicidal agents. These are described in the classification based on the mechanism of action of IRAC.

The specific compounds are exemplified below. These compounds are known compounds and can be found, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, BCPC. The numbers in parentheses represent CAS RN (registered trademark).
Abamectin, acephate, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acetoprole, acrinathrin, asynonapyr, acynonapyr, afoxolar, afocaliner, afocalnera, afoxoraner, afoxoraner, afoxolaner. , Aldicarb, allethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, alpha-endosulfan, aluminum phosphide, amitraz, azadirachtin, azamethiphos , Azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, azcyclotin, azocyclotin, Celastrus angulatus bark, bark of Celastrus angulatus, bendiocarb, benfluthrin, benfuracarbs, benthap tap ), benzoximate, benzpyrimoxan, benzpyrimoxan, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, bifenazate, bifenthrin, bilobalide. , Bioallethrin, bioresmethrin, bistrifluron, borax, boric acid, broflanilide, bromopropylate, buprofezin, buto Carboxim (butocarboxim), butoxycarboxim (cadoxy), cadusafos, calcium cyanide (calcium) cyanide), calcium phosphide, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cartap hydrochloride, cartap, cevadine, quinomethionate. , Chlorantraniliprole, chlordane, chlorretoxyphos, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlormephos, chlorpicrin, chloropicrin , Chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide, clofentezine, clothianidin, concanamycin A, coumaphos, cryolite, cryolite Cyanophos, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyclobutrifluram, cycloprothrin, cycloxaprid, cienopyrafen, cyetpyrafen + SX, Cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, cyhalodiamide, cyhalothamide, cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cypermethrin, cyphenmethrin, cyphenothrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, dazomet, dazomet, dazomet, dazomet, dazomet ), demeton-S-methyl, diafenthiuron , Diazinon, dichlorvos, dichlororomezotiaz, dicofol, dicrotophos, diflovidazin, diflubenzuron, dimefluthrin, dimethoate, dimethoate, dimethoate dimethyl. Vinphos (dimethylvinphos), dimpropyridaz, dinotefuran, disodium octaborate, disulfoton, disulfoton, DNOC (2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), doramectin (doramectin), dried fern leaf (Dried leaves of Dryopteris filix-mas), emamectin-benzoate, empenthrin, endosulfan, EPN (O-ethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl)phenylphosphonothioate), epsilon-methfluthrin (epsilon) -metofluthrin), epsilon-momfluorothrin, esfenvalerate, ethiofencarb, ethion, ethiprole, ethoprophos, etofenproxol, etofenproxol. (Etoxazole), extract of Artemisia absinthium (extract of Artemisia absinthium), extract of Cassia nigricans (extract of Cassia nigricans), extract of clitoria ternatea (extract of clitoria ternatea), extract of Symphytum officinale, extract of Arita (Extracts or simulated blend of Chenopodium ambrosioides), tansy extract (ex tract of Tanacetum vulgare), nettle extract (extract of Urtica dioica), mistletoe extract (extract of Viscum album), fanfuru (famphur), fenamiphos, fenazaquin (fenazaquin), fenbutatin oxide (fenbutatin oxide), Fenitrothion, fenobucarb, phenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, fenthion, fenvalerate, fipronil, flometoquin, flometoquin, flometoquin (Flonicamid), fluacrypyrim, fluazaindolizine, fluazuron, flubendiamide, flucycloxuron, flucytrinate, flucythrinate, fluensulfone, fluensulfone Fenprox (flufenoprox), flufenoxuron (flufenoxuron), flufiprole (flufiprole), flumethrin (flumethrin), flupentiophenox (flupentiofenox), fluopyram (fluopyram), flupyrazifron (flupyradifurone), flupyrimine (flupyrimin), fluralarnel fluralaner), fluvalinate, fluxametamide, formetanate, fosthiazate, furamethrin, furathiocarb, gamma-cyhalothrin, ginkgolide A(ginkgolide) , Ginkgolide B (ginkgolide B), Ginkgolide C (ginkgolide C), Ginkgolide J (ginkgolide J) , Ginkgolide M, GS-omega/kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide, halfenprox, halofenozide, heptafluthrin, heptenophos (heptenophos) heptenophos), hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, potassium salt of hop beta acid, hydramethylnon, hydroprene, imicyafos, imidacloprid. ), imidaclothiz, imiprothrin, imiprothrin, indoxacarb, isocycloseram, isofenphos, isoprocarb, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate (isopropyl-O) -(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate), isoxathion, isvermectin, ivermectin, kadethrin, kappa-tefluthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, kinoprene, lambdacyhalothrin. -cyhalothrin), lenoremycin, lepimectin, lime sulfur, lotilaner, lufenuron, machine oil, malathion, mecarbam, Meperfluthrin, metaflumizone, metam, metamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methocarb, methomyl , Methoprene, methoxychlor, methoxyphenozide, methyl bromide, metofluthrin, metolcarb, metoxadiazone, mevinphos, milbemectin, milbemectin, milbemectin, milbemectin Oxime (milbemycin oxime), monfluorothrin (momfluorothrin), monocrotophos (monocrotophos), moxidectin (moxidectin), nared (naled), neem oil (neem oil), nicotine (nicotine), nicotine-sulfate, nitenpyram (Nitenpyram), novalron (novaluron), noviflumuron (noviflumuron), oil of the seeds of Chenopodium anthelminticum, omethoate, oxamyl, oxazosulfyl, oxydimetone methyl (Oxydemeton-methyl), parathion, parathion-methyl, permethrin, permethrin, phenothrin, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon (Phosphamidon), phosphine, hoxim, pirimicarb, pirimiphos-methyl, potassium cyanide, prallethrin, profenofos, profluthrin, proparthrin ), propetamphos (propetamphos), propoxur (propoxur), propylene glycol alginate (propylene glycol alginate), Prothiofos, Pyflubumide, Pymetrozine, Pyraclofos, Pyrethrins, Pyridaben, Pyridalyl, Pyridaphenthion, Pyriquinazone, Pyrifluquinazone, Pyriquinazone, Pyriquinazone Pyriminostrobin, pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, quinalphos, resmethrin, rotenone, ryanodine, salolaner, sabadilla seed extract seed extract of Schoenocaulon spp.), selamectin, sigma-cypermethrin, silafluofen, sodium borate, sodium cyanide, sodium metaborate , Spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion, spirotetramat, sulfluramid, sulfluramid, sulfotep, sulfoxaflor ), sulfur, sulfuryl fluoride, tartar emetic, tau-fluvalinate, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebupirimfos, teflubenzuron. ), tefluthrin, temephos, terbufos, and terpene components extracted from Aritasu constituents of the extract of chenopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides, Brand name: Terpenoid blend QRD 460), tetrachlorantraniliprole, tetrachlorvinpho
s), tetradifon, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetraniliprole, theta-cypermethrin, thea-cypermethrin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiocyclam. thiocyclam), thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiometon, thiosultap disodium salt, thiosultap-disodium, thiosultap-monosodium, tioxazafen, tolfenpyrad, Tralomethrin, transfluthrin, triazamate, triazophos, triazophos, trichlorfon, triflumezopyrim, triflumeron, triflumuron, trimethacarb, triclopyrazorazol ), bamidothion, vamidothion, veratridine, wood extract of Quassia amara, XMC (3,5-dimethylphenyl N-methylcarbamate), xylylcarb (xylylcarb), zeta-cypermethrin , Zinc phosphide,
N-[3-chloro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-(3,3,3-trifluoropropanesulfinyl)propanamide (1477923-37 -7), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1 -Oxothietan-3-yl)benzamide (1241050-20-3), 3-methoxy-N-(5-{5-(trifluoromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,5 -Dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}indan-1-yl)propanamide (1118626-57-5), {4-chloro-5-[2,2-difluoro-2-(3,4,4 5-trifluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylphenyl}(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfoxide (1632218-00-8), {4-fluoro-5-[2,2-difluoro-2-] (3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylphenyl}(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfoxide (1632217-98-1), 2-({2-fluoro-4-methyl -5-[(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}imino)-3-(2,2,2-triflurethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (1445683-71- 5), N-[(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazole-5) -Yl)-8-methyl-7-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ium-5-olate (2249718-27-0),
BT crop protein Cry1Ab (BT crop protein Cry1Ab), BT crop protein Cry1Ac (BT crop protein Cry1Ac), BT crop protein Cry1Fa (BT crop protein Cry1Fa), BT crop protein Cry1A.105 (BT crop protein Cry1A.105) ), BT crop protein Cry2Ab (BT crop protein Cry2Ab), BT crop protein Vip3A (BT crop protein Vip3A), BT crop protein mCry3A (BT crop protein Cry3A), BT crop protein Cry3Ab (BT crop protein Cry3Ab), BT crop protein Cry3Bb (BT crop protein Cry3Bb), BT crop protein Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 (BT crop protein Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1).
Arthrobotrys dactyloides, Bacillus firmus (Bacillus firmus, (trade name: BioSafe, BioNem), train: GB-126 strain, I-1582 strain (trade name: VOTIVO), etc.), Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium, strain: YFM3.25 (trade name: Bioarc) etc.), Bacillus sp. (Bacillus sp., strain: AQ175, AQ177, AQ178 etc.), Bacillus sphaericus 2362 strain (Bacillus sphaericus, strain: 2362, ABTS1743 (Trade name: VectoMax), Serotype H5a5b), Bacillus thuringiensis (strain:AQ52, BD#32, CR-371) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.Aizawai, strain:ABTS- 1857 (Trade name: XenTari), AM65-52, GC-91 (Trade name: Agree/Turex/Able), Serotype H-7 (Trade name: Florbac WG), etc., Bacillus thuringiensis Christaki subspecies (Bacillus) thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki, (Trade name: Asututo, Turilav WP), strain: ABTS351, BMP123 (Trade name: Baritone Bio-Insecticide), EG234, EG7841 (Trade name: Crymax), EVB113-19 (Trade name: Bioprotec-CAF) ), F810, HD-1 (trade name: Dipel ES), PB54, SA-11 (trade name: Javelin), SA-12 (trade name: Deliver/CoStar, Thuricide), etc.), Bacillus thuringiensis morrisoni Species (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Tenebriosis, strain: NB 176 (Novodor), etc., Bacillus thuringiensis chi Thuringiensis subsp. MPPL002 strain (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Thuringiensis, strain: MPPL002), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. var. colmeri, brand name: TianBaoBtc, Bacillus thuringiensis darmstadinus thuringiensis subsp. var. darmstadiensis, strain: 24-91, etc.), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. var. dendrolimus, Bacillus thuringiensis galleria varieties (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. var. galleria) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. var. israelensis (Trade name: BMP123, Aquabac, VectoBac), strain: BMP144, serotypeH-14, Bacillus thuringiensis japonensis variety buibui strain (Bacillus thuring) subsp. var. japonensis buibui), Bacillus thuringiensis var. aegypti, Bacillus thuringiensis var. 7216, Bacillus thuringiensis var. 7216, Bacillus thuringiensis var. sandiego, strain: M-7 (trade name: M-Ome), Bacillus thuringiensis var. T36, Beauveria bassiana (trade name: Beaugenic, Brocaril), strain: ANT-03, ATCC74040 (Trade name: Naturalis), GHA (Trade name: Mycotrol ES, Mycotrol O, Bot aniGuard), Beauveria brongniartii (Trade name: Engerlingspilz, Schweizer Beauveria, Melocont), Burkholderia rinojensis, strain: A396, Chromobacterium subtsugae (Chromobacterium subtsue) PRAA4-1T (trade name: Grandevo), Dactyllela ellipsospora, Dectylaria thaumasia, Hirsutella minnesotensis, Hirsutella minnesotensis, Hirsutella rhossini (Hirsutella thompsonii), Lagenidium giganteum (trade name: Laginex, etc.), Lecanicillium lecanii (strain: KV01, conidia of strain DAOM198499, conidia of strain DAOM216596, etc.), metalridium anizolies anisupriae : F52 (trade name: Met52), Metarhizium flavoviride, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, Monacrosporium phymatopagum or Pechiromyoseus. strain: Apopka 97 (trade name: PFR-97, PreFeral), etc., Paecilomyces lilacinus, strain: 251 etc., Paecilomyces tenuipes, strain: T1, etc., Paenibacillus popilliae Pa Pasteuria nishizawae (Pasteuria nishizawae, trade name: oyacyst LF/ST, strain; Pn1, etc.), Pasteuria penetrans (Pasteuria, trade name: Pasteuria, etc.), Pasteuria thoynei, Pasteuria tusynea (Pasteuria) usgae, trade name: Econem, etc., Serratia entomophila, trade name: Invade, etc., Verticillium chlamydosporium, Verticillium lecani, strain: NCIM1312( Trademark name: MEALIKIL) etc.),
Adoxophyes orana granulosis virus, Anticalsia gemmatalis mNPV, Autographa californica mNPV FV#11, Sysia・Pomonella granule disease virus V15 (Cydia pomonella GV V15), Sysia pomonella granule disease virus V22 (Cydia pomonella GV V22), Cryptophlebia leucotreta granule disease virus (Cryptophlebia leucotreta GV), Dendrolimus punctatas polyhedra virus (Dendro) punctatus cypovirus), Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus BV-0003 strain (Helicoverpa armigera NPV BV-0003), Helicoverpa zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Helicoverpa zea NPV), Lymantria dispal nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Lymantria dispar) NPV), Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Mamestra configurata NPV), Mamestra configurata nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Mamestra brassicae NPV), Neodiprion abietis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Neodiprion abietis NPV), neodymium Neodiprion lecontei NPV, Neodiprion sertifer NPV, Nosema locustae, Orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Orgyia pseudotsugata) NPV), Pieris rapae GV, Piergia rapae GV, Plodia interpunctella GV, Spodoptera exigua mNPV, Spodoptera Littralis nuclear polyhedrosis Virus (Spodoptera littoralis mNPV), Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Spodoptera litura NPV).

Bactericides include nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (eg, phenylamide fungicides, acylamino acid fungicides), cell division and cytoskeleton inhibitors (eg MBC fungicides), respiratory inhibitors (eg QoI fungicides, QiIs). Bactericide, SDHI bactericide), amino acid synthesis and protein synthesis inhibitor (eg anilinopyridine bactericide), signal transduction inhibitor, lipid synthesis and membrane synthesis inhibitor, sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (eg triazole etc.) DMI fungicides), cell wall synthesis inhibitors, melanin synthesis inhibitors, plant defense inducers, multi-site contact active fungicides, microbial fungicides, and other fungicides (a group consisting of fungicidal active ingredients) ). These are described in the classification based on the mechanism of action of FRAC.

The specific compounds are exemplified below. These compounds are known compounds and can be found, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 17th edition, BCPC. The numbers in parentheses represent CAS RN (registered trademark).
Acibenzolar-S-methyl, aldimorph, ametoctradin, aminopyrifen, amisulbrom, ammonium salts of phosphorous acid, anilazine ), azaconazole, azoxystrobin, basic copper sulfate, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, benomyl, benomyl Balicarb (benthiavalicarb), Benchiavalicarb isopropyl (benthiavalicarb-isopropyl), benzovindiflupyr (benzovindiflupyr), binapacryl (binapacryl), biphenyl (biphenyl), bitertanol (bitertanol), bixafen (bixafen), blasticidin S ( blasticidin-S), Bordeaux mixture, boscalid, bromothalonil, bromuconazole, bupirimate, calcium salts of phosphorous acid, captafol (Captafol), captan (captan), carbendazim (carbendazim), carboxin (carboxin), carpropamid (carpropamid), quinomethionate (chinomethionat), chitin (chitin), chloroneb (chloroneb), chlorothalonil (chlorothalonil), clozolinate (chlozolinate). , Colletochlorin B, copper(II) acetate, copper(II) hydroxide, basic copper chloride, copper sulfate(II) ( copper(II) s ulfate), coumoxystrobin, cyazofamid, cyflufanamid, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprodinil, dichlobentiazod, diclofluentiazox. dichlofluanid), diclocymet, diclomesine, dichloran, dichloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, diflumetrim, diflumetorim, dimethachlone, dimethirimol, dimethirimol, dimethirimol, dimethirimol, dimethirimol, dimethirimol, dimethirimol, dimethirimol Strobin (dimoxystrobin), diniconazole (diniconazole), diniconazole M (diniconazole-M), dinocap (dinocap), dipotassium hydrogen phosphite (dipotassium hydrogenphosphite), dipymetitrone (dipymetitrone), dithianon (dithianon), dodecylbenzene sulfonate Ethylenediamine copper(II) complex salt (dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid bisethylenediamine copper(II) salt), dodemorph, dodine, edifenphos, enoxastrobin, epoxiconazole, etaconazole , Ethaboxam, ethirimol, etridiazole, tea tree extract (extract from Melaleuca alternifolia), bollweed extract (extract from Reynoutria sachalinensis), extract from the cotyledons of coix seeds. of lupine plantlets(“BLAD”)), nin Extract of Allium sativum, extract of Equisetum arvense, extract of Tropaeolum majus, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenaminstrobin, fenarimol fenarimol), fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpiconil, fenpicoxamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph. (Fenpropimorph), fenpyrazamine, triphenyltin acetate, fentin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, florylpico Fluoramide, fluazinam, flubeneteram, fludioxonil, flufenoxystrobin, fluindapyr, flumorphop, fluopicolide, fluopimolide, fluopimolide, fluopimide (Fluopyram), fluorimide (fluoroimide), fluoxapiprolin (fluoxapiprolin), fluoxastrobin (fluoxastrobin), fluquinconazole (fluquinconazole), flucylazole (flusilazole), flusulfamide (flusulfamide), fluthianil (flutianil), flutolanil (flutolanil) ), flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, fosetyl, fosetyl aluminum (fos) etyl-aluminium), fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, guazatine, hexaconazole, hymexazole, imazalil, imibenconazine, imibenconazine, imibenconazole (Iminoctadine), iminoctadine triacetate (iminoctadine triacetate), impyrfluxam (inpyrfluxam), iodocarb (iodocarb), ipconazole (ipconazole), ipfentrifluconazole (ipfenfluconazole), ipflufenoquin (proflufos) , Iprodione, iprovalicarb, isofetamid, isofetamid, isoflucypram, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, isothianil, isotianil, kasugamycin-methyl, kresoxim-methyl. ), laminarin, oak leaves and bark of Quercus, mancozeb, mandestrobin, mandipropamid, maneb, mefentrifluconazole, Mepanipyrim, mepronil, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metalconyl, metconazole, methasulfocarb, metiram, metaminost Robin (metominostrobin), metrafenone (metrafenone), methyl tetraprole (metyltetraprole), machine oil (mineral oils), microbutanil ( myclobutanil), naftifine, neem oil, nuarimol, octhilinone, octhilinone, ofurace, orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxathiapiprolin, oxine- copper, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxpoconazole fumarate, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, pefurazoate, pefurazoate, penconazole ), pencycuron, penflufen, penthiopyrad, penamapyril, phenamacril, phosphorous acid, phthalide, picarbutrazox, picoxystrobin , Piperalin, polyoxins, potassium hydrogencarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphite, potassium dihydrogenphosphite, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propymidone, propamidine, Propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, propineazid, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, pidiflumethofen, pydiflumetofen, pyraclostrobin, pyrame Tostrobin (pyrametostrobin), pyraoxystrobin (pyraoxystrobin), pyrapropoyne (pyrapropoyne), pyraziflumid (pyrazifl) umid), pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributicarb, pyridabutlocarb, pyridachlometyl, pyriphenox, pyrimethanil, pyrimorphanyl, pyrimorphone, pyriophenone, pyrisofenazole. ), pyroquilon, Quillaja extract, quinconazole, quinofumelin, quinoxyfen, quintozene, saponins of Chenopodium quinoa, hydrogen carbonate Sodium (sodium hydrogencarbonate), sedaxane (sedaxane), silthiofam (silthiofam), simeconazole (simeconazole), sodium salts of phosphorous acid (sodium salts of phosphorous acid), spiroxamine (stroxomycin), streptomycin (sulfur), sulfur (sulfur), Tebuconazole, tebufloquin, teclofthalam, tecnazene, terbinafine, terbinafine, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate, thiophanate, thiophanate -methyl), thiram, thymol, thymol, tiadinil, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad, tolprocarb, tolprocarb, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimefon Azimenol (triadimenol), triazoxide (triazoxide), triclopicarb (triclopyr) icarb), tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, validamycin, valifenarate. ), vinclozolin, mustard powder (yellow mustard powder), zineb (zineb), zinc thiazole, ziram, zoxamide,
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-methoxy-1-methyl-N-[(1R)-1-methyl-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)ethyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (1639015-48- 7), 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-methoxy-1-methyl-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)ethyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (1639015 -49-8), 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (141573-94-6), 3-(difluoro Methyl)-N-[(3R)-7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide (1513466-73-3), N'-[4- ({3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl}oxy)-2,5-dimethylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (1202781-91 -6), N'-{4-[(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (929908-57-6 ), N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (1052688-31-9), N'-[5-chloro-4-(2-fluoro). Phenoxy)-2-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (2055589-28-9), N'-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methylphenyl]- N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (2055756-21-1), N'-[4-(1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-methyl-5- Methoxyphenyl]-N-isopropyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (2101814-55-3), N'-[5-bromo-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxyethoxy)-2-methylpyridine-3- Il]-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (1817828-69-5), 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3 -Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (1362477-26-6), 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4) -Methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazoline (1257056-97-5), 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-tosyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H) -One (1616664-98-2), (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylethyl acrylate (39491-78-6), N-[(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methyl ]-N-Ethyl-6-methoxy-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (1446247-98-8), α-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluoro) Phenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]-3-pyridinemethanol (1229605-96-2), (αS)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4 -Isoxazolyl]-3-pyridinemethanol (1229606-46-5), (αR)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]- 3-Pyridinemethanol (1229606-02-3), 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1394057-11-4), (1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl ) Cyclopentanol (1801930-06-2), (1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole -1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1801930-07-3), (1R,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2) ,4-Triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1801919-53-8), (1S,2S,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl-2-methyl-1-(1H -1,2,4-Triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1801919-54-9), (1R,2R,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl-2-methyl- 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1801919-55-0), (1 S,2S,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1801919-56- 1), (1R,2S,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol ( 1801919-57-2), (1S,2R,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) Cyclopentanol (1801919-58-3), 2-chloromethyl-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol( 1394057-13-6), (1R,2S,5S)-2-Chloromethyl-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) Cyclopentanol (1801930-08-4), (1S,2R,5R)-2-chloromethyl-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole- 1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1801930-09-5), (1R,2R,5R)-2-chloromethyl-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,2 4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1638898-08-4), (1S,2S,5S)-2-chloromethyl-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H- 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1638898-10-8), (1R,2R,5S)-2-chloromethyl-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1 -(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1638898-13-1), (1S,2S,5R)-2-chloromethyl-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2 -Methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1638898-16-4), (1R,2S,5R)-2-chloromethyl-5-(4-fluoro Benzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1638898-20-0), (1S, 2R,5S)-2-Chloromethyl-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (1638898-24-4) , Methyl=3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (1791398-02-1) , Methyl=(1R,2S,3S)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanecarboxy Rat (2080743-90-2), methyl=(1S,2R,3R)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole -1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (2080743-91-3), methyl=(1R,2R,3R)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1H -1,2,4-Triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (2080743-92-4), methyl=(1S,2S,3S)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy- 1-Methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (2080743-93-5), methyl=(1R,2R,3S)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl ) Methyl]-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (2080743-94-6), methyl=(1S,2S,3R) -3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (2080743-95-7), methyl =(1R,2S,3R)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate( 2081061-22-3), methyl=(1S,2R,3S)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1) -Ylmethyl)cyclopentanka Ruboxylate (2081061-23-4), 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-[1-(4-bromo-2, 6-difluorophenoxy)cyclopropyl]ethanol (2019215-86-0), 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-[1 -(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenoxy)cyclopropyl]ethanol (2019215-84-8), 1-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy Propyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carbonitrile (2018316-13-5), 1-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H -Imidazole-5-carbonitrile (2018317-25-2), 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-(1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (2082661-43-4), 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-( 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (2082660-27-1), methyl=({2-methyl-5-[1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)) -1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)carbamate (1605879-98-8), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene- 4-yl]pyridin-3-carboxamide (1616239-21-4), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4 -Yl]pyridin-3-carboxamide (1616239-33-8), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl] Pyridine-3-carboxamide (1847460-02-9), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl ] Pyridine-3-carboxamide (1952305-97-3), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-propyi Le-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (1847460-05-2), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3 -Propyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]pyridin-3-carboxamide (1952306-00-1), (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4 -Chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide (1445331-27-0), (2E,3Z)-5-{[ 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide (1445331-54-3), 5-chloro- 4-({2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]amino}-6-methylpyrimidine (1605340-92-8), N-[1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl Butyl]-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide (2132414-04-9), N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethylbutyl]-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide, N-[ 1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methylpropyl]-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide (2132414-00-5), N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-3,3,3. 3-Trifluoro-1-methylpropyl]-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide (2132414-01-6), N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethylbutyl]-8-fluoroquinoline -3-carboxamide (2132414-06-1), 4,4-dimethyl-2-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl ) Isoxazolidin-3-one (2098918-25-1), 5,5-dimethyl-2-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl] Phenyl}methyl)isooxazolidin-3-one (2098918-26-2),
Agrobacterium radiobacter (strain: K84 (trade name Galltrol-A), K1026 (trade name Nogall), etc.), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain: AT332, B3, D747 (trade name) : Bacstar, Double Nickel), DB101 (trade name: Shelter), DB102 (trade name: Artemis), FZB24, FZB42 (trade name: RhizoVital), GB03 (trade name: Kodiak), IN937a, MBI600 (trade name: Subtilex) , QST713, isolate B246, F727 (trade name: Stargus), etc.), Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis, train: HB-2 (trade name: Biostart, Rhizoboost), SB3086 (trade name: EcoGuard, Green Releaf), etc.), Bacillus pumilus (strain: AQ717, BUF-33 (trade name: Integral F-33), GB34 (trade name: Yield Shield), QST2808 (trade name: Sonata, Ballad Plus), etc.), Bacillus simplex ( Bacillus simplex, strain: CGF2856, etc., Bacillus subtilis, strain: AQ153, AQ743, D747, DB101, FZB24, GB03, HAI0404, IAB/BS03, MBI600, QST30002/AQ30002, QST30004/AQ30004, QST713. : CEASE, Serenade, Serenade-DPZ, Rhapsody, MAX), QST714 (trade name: JAZZ), Y1336, BU1814, etc.), Bacillus subtilis var Amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus subtilis var. Amyloliquefaciens, strain: FZB24, etc.), Burke Burkholderia cepacia (Brand name: Deny, Intercept, Blue Circle), Burkholderia cepacia Wisconsin type (B urkholderia cepacia type Wisconsin, strain: M54, J82 etc.), Candida oleophila (strain: O etc.), Candida saitoana (trade name: Bio-Coat, Biocure etc.), Candida spp. (Candida) spp.), Ketomium cupreum, Chronostachys rosea (trade name: EndoFine, etc.), Coniothyrium minitans, strain: CGMCC8325, CON/M/91-08 (trade name: Cotans ), etc.), cryptococcus albidus (trade name: Yield plus, etc.), Erwinia carotovora subup.Cartovora (strain: CGE234M403 (trade name: biokeeper), etc.), Fusarium oxysporum (Fusar) oxysporum, strain: Fo47 (trade name: Fusaclean, BiofoxC), etc., Gliocladium catenulatum (strain: J1446 (trade name: primastop, Prestop), etc.), Paenibacillus polymyxa, strain: AC -1 (Trade name: Topseed, BS-0105, etc.), Pantoea agglomerans (atrain: E325, etc.), Flaviopsis gigantea (phlebiopsis gigantea, Trade name: Rotstop, strain: VRA1992, etc.), Pseudomonas aureo Faciens (Pseudomonas aureofaciens, strain: TX-1 etc.), Pseudomonas chlororaphis (Pseudomonas chlororaphis, strain: 63-28 (trade name: ATEze), MA342 (trade name: Cedomon), Pseudomonas fluorescens (pseudomonas fluorescens, strain: 1629RS (Trade name: Frostban D), A506 (Trade name: BlightBan, Frostban B), CL145A (Trade name: Zequanox), G7090, etc.), Pseudomonas sp. CAB-02 strain (Pseudomonas sp. CAB-02), Pseudomonas syringae (Pseudomonas syringae, strain: 742RS (trade name: Frostaban C), MA-4 (trade name: Bio-Save), etc.), Pseudozyma flocculosa (strain: PF-A22UL (trade name: Sporadex L), etc.) , Pythium oligandrum (strain: DV74 (trade name: Polyversum) and the like), Streptomyces griseoviridis (strain: K61 and the like), Streptomyces lydicus (Streptomyces lydicus, strain: WYCD108US, WYCD108US, WYCD108US, WYCD108US, WYCD108US, (Trade name: Actinovate, etc.), Talaromyces flavus SAY-Y-94-01 strain (Talaromyces flavus, strain: SAY-Y-94-01 (trade name: Tough block), V117b (trade name: Protus), etc.) , Trichoderma asperellum (strain: ICC012, T34, SKT-1, etc.), Trichoderma atroviride CNCM 1-1237 strain (Trichoderma atroviride, trade name: Plantmate, strain: CNCM 1-1237, LC52 (trade name: Sentinel ), SC1, SKT-1 (trade name: Ecohope, etc.), Trichoderma gamsii, strain: ICC080 (trade name: BioDerma), Trichoderma harzianum, strain: 21, DB104, DSM 14944 , ESALQ-1303, ESALQ-1306, IIHR-Th-2, ITEM908 (trade name: Trianum-P), kd (trade name: Trichoplus, Eco-T), MO1, SF, T22, T39, TH35 (trade name: Root-Pro etc.), Toriko Derma harzianum rifai (strain: T39, etc.), Trichoderma polysporum (Trichoderma polysporum, trademark: Binab T, strain: IMI206039, etc.), Trichoderma stromaticum (trichoderma stromaticum, trademark: Tricovama, etc.),・Villens (Trichoderma virens, strain: G-41, GL-21 (formerly Gliocladium virens GL-21, trade name: SoilGgard), etc.), Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride), Variovorax paradoxus (strain: GF4526), Harpin protein.

When the compound of the present invention is used in combination with the above insecticide and/or bactericide, or when the present compounds are used in combination, the weight ratio thereof is usually in the range of 1:0.01 to 1:1000, and preferably 1 :0.01 to 1:100, more preferably 1:0.1 to 1:10. As a specific weight ratio, 1:0.02, 1:0.04, 1:0.06, 1:0.08, 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2 , 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:20, 1:40, 1:60, 1:80, 1:200, 1:400, 1:600, 1:800. The above weight ratio can also be expressed as approximately. Approximately means plus or minus 10%, and, for example, "approximately 1:2" is 1:1.8 to 1:2.2.

In the cultivation of the crop of the present invention in the present invention, plant nutritional management in general crop cultivation can be performed. The fertilization system may be based on precision agriculture or may be uniform in practice. Also, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi can be inoculated by seed treatment.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
Soybeans for harvesting ripe seeds (NA5909RG: infinite growth type, Roundup Ready) are sown and grown in the field. At the R1 stage of soybean, a drone is flown in the field and the whole field map and mesh are photographed with a hyper spectrum camera. Image analysis using artificial intelligence maps the latent infection of soybean rust. The next day, dilute a predetermined amount of S-2399T 260 SC (aqueous liquid suspension containing 60 g of impirfluxam and 200 g of tebuconazole per liter) with water containing Nimbus 0.5% (v/v) as an adjuvant. Prepare a spray solution. The spray liquid is sprayed by a boom sprayer traveling on the ground. In the spraying, the sprayers spray nozzles only on the places estimated to have latent infection while opening and closing the nozzles arranged on the boom on the basis of the map information while traveling. The sprayed solution was sprayed at a volume of 150 liters/ha at the sprayed area, and the amount of the disinfectant treated at the sprayed area was 30 g of impirfluxam + 100 g of tebuconazole/ha. The nozzle opening/closing control is automatically performed in real time during traveling while the traveling sprayer grasps the position information of the own aircraft by GPS and compares it with the map information. After that, it is confirmed that there is almost no symptom of soybean rust in the entire field during the ripening stage of soybean. It is also confirmed that this control effect is almost the same as when the spray liquid is uniformly sprayed over the entire field at a liquid volume of 150 liters/ha.

Example 2
Field corn (Pioneer P1197YHR: equine, YieldGard/Herculex/Roundup Ready) is sown and grown in the field. At the VT stage of a field cone, a drone is flown into the field, and the entire field map is photographed with a temperature camera, and the location of the spider mites or banksgrass mite is mapped from the health of the cone, and the spraying plan is based on the required control level. Identify the location. Next day, Zeal SC (aqueous liquid suspension containing 2.88 lbs/gallon of etoxazole) is diluted with water containing Induce 0.125% (v/v) as an adjuvant to prepare a spray solution. The spray liquid is dispersed by a manned aircraft. In the air spray, the spray planned location is specified by GPS in light of the map information and sprayed from the sky. In the sprayed area, the spray solution is sprayed at a spray rate of 3 gallons/acre, and the amount of etoxazole treated is 100 g/ha. After that, when grain is harvested by the combine harvester after the natural withering of the corn plant, a higher yield is confirmed as compared with the case without the control. It is also confirmed that the yield protection effect is almost the same as when the spray solution is sprayed over the whole field at a spray rate of 3 gallons/acre.

Example 3
Autumn type pan wheat (BARREL, UK Group 3) is sown and grown in the field. At BBCH39 of bread wheat, a drone is flown in the field and the whole field map and mesh are photographed with a hyper spectrum camera. Image analysis using artificial intelligence maps the places where the early symptoms of wheat leaf blight can be seen. After 3 days, an emulsion containing 60 g of methyltetraprol and 100 g of bromconazole per liter is diluted with water to prepare a spray solution. The spray liquid is sprayed by a boom sprayer traveling on the ground. In the spraying, sprayers are sprayed only on a portion where an initial symptom is seen while opening and closing the nozzles lined up on the boom on the basis of the map information in the sprayer during traveling. In the sprayed area, the spray liquid is sprayed at a liquid volume of 200 liters/ha, and the amount of the disinfectant treated is 120 g of methyltetraprol+200 g of bromuconazole/ha. The nozzle opening/closing control is automatically performed in real time during traveling while the traveling sprayer grasps the position information of the own aircraft by GPS and compares it with the map information. After that, at the ripening stage of bread wheat, the symptom of wheat leaf blight in the whole field was suppressed to be extremely low compared with the untreated, and the control value was 80-95% in the target. It is confirmed that this control effect is almost the same as the case where the spray liquid is uniformly sprayed over the entire field at a liquid volume of 200 liters/ha.

Example 4
Autumn type bread wheat (PAKITO, middle and early age) is sown and grown in the field. In BBCH32 of bread wheat, impirfluxam EC (emulsion containing 60 g of impirfluxam per liter) is diluted with water to prepare a spray solution. The spraying liquid is sprayed by a robot sprayer that walks on multiple legs. The sprayer is equipped with an RGB camera, and by machine learning in advance, it not only recognizes the leaves of wheat but also the slight symptoms of yellow rust on the surface. In the case of recognizing the symptom, the spraying solution is sprayed only on the leaf of the wheat having the symptom by the hand gun sprayer at the tip of the robot arm. In the sprayed area, the spray liquid is sprayed at a liquid volume of 200 liters/ha, and the amount of the disinfectant treated is 90 g of impirfluxam/ha. After that, when the grain is harvested by the harvester after the natural withering of the bread wheat plant, a higher yield is confirmed as compared with the case without the control. It is also confirmed that the yield protection effect is almost the same as when the spray solution is sprayed over the entire field at a spray liquid volume of 200 liters/ha.

Example 5
Upland cotton (DP1820B3XF: Bollgard 3 XtendFlex) is sown and grown in the field. During the flowering period of Upland cotton, a drone is made to fly in the field and the whole field map and mesh are photographed with a hyper spectrum camera. By image analysis, the locations of eggs, larvae, and adults of the southern green stink bug are identified and mapped. A spray solution is prepared by diluting Danitol EC (emulsion containing 2.4 lbs/gallon of phenpropatrine) with water containing Induce 0.05% (v/v) as an adjuvant. The spray liquid is sprayed by a boom sprayer traveling on the ground. In the spraying, the sprayers spray the nozzles arranged on the boom on the basis of the map information, while opening and closing the nozzles while the vehicle is running, and only at the locations where the existence of the southern green bugs is identified. In the sprayed area, the spray liquid is sprayed at a volume of 15 gallons/acre, and the treatment amount of phenpropatrine is 336 g/ha. The nozzle opening/closing control is automatically performed in real time during traveling while the traveling sprayer grasps the coordinates of the aircraft using GPS and compares it with the map information. After 7 days and 14 days, the drone was re-flighted in the field, and it was confirmed that the population of Southern green stink bugs was kept low compared to the case without control. It is also confirmed that this control effect is almost the same as when the spray solution is uniformly sprayed over the entire field at a liquid volume of 15 gallons/acre.

Example 6
Soybeans for ripe seed harvest (Asgrow 3832: Infinite growth type, Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield) are sown and grown in the field. On the V8 stage of soybean, Tiger EC (emulsion containing 100 g/l of pyriproxyfen) was diluted with water containing 0.5% (v/v) of Iharol Gold as an adjuvant to prepare a spray solution, which allows multi-legged walking. The robot sprayer sprays the spray liquid. The spreader is equipped with a hyper spectrum camera, and not only recognizes soybean plants by machine learning in advance, but also recognizes the presence or absence of whitefly on the leaves exposed by the wind generated when the spreader walks. To do. The spray liquid is sprayed by the hand gun sprayer at the tip of the robot arm only on the leaves where generation is confirmed. In the sprayed area, the spray liquid was sprayed at a volume of 250 liters/ha, and the amount of pyriproxyfen treated was 25 g/ha. Twenty-one days later, it is confirmed that the population of A. tabaci whiteflies in the field is drowned in the field and is kept low compared to the case without control. It is also confirmed that this control effect is almost the same as when the spray liquid is uniformly sprayed over the entire field at a liquid volume of 250 liters/ha.

Example 7
Soybeans for harvesting ripe seeds (TMG2187IPRO: limited growth type, Intacta RR2 Pro) are sown and grown in the field. During the V6 stage of soybeans, a video is recorded in RGB of the soil of the plant that is running on the field with a tractor. Then, by image analysis, the location where the hyphal elongation of the sclerotium is observed is mapped. One week later, Sumilex WP (hydratable powder containing 50% procymidone) is diluted with water containing Iharol 0.5% (v//v) as an adjuvant to prepare a spray solution. The spray liquid is sprayed by a boom sprayer traveling on the ground. In the spraying, the nozzles lined up on the boom in the sprayer are opened and closed during traveling based on the map information, and the spraying is performed only on the places where hyphal elongation of the sclerotia bacterium is observed. In the sprayed area, the spray liquid is sprayed at a volume of 300 liters/ha, and the amount of procymidone thrown is 500 g/ha. The control of opening and closing the nozzles is automatically performed in real time during traveling while the traveling sprayer grasps the coordinates of the own aircraft by GPS and compares it with the map information. After that, it is confirmed that there is almost no symptom of soybean sclerotium in the entire field during the ripening stage of soybean. It is also confirmed that this control effect is almost the same as when the spray liquid is uniformly sprayed over the entire field at a liquid volume of 300 liters/ha.

The pest control method of the present invention can effectively control pests.

Claims (4)

Clothianidin, nitenpyram, oxazolfil, cartap hydrochloride, spinetoram, pyridalyl, fenitrothion, esfenvalerate, fenpropatrine, permethrin, cypermethrin, pyriproxifene, etoxazole, diniconazole M, oxolinic in cultivated areas of agricultural or horticultural crops At least one selected from the group consisting of an acid, diclocymet, flametopyr, validamycin, ferimzone, fusaride, isotianil, benomyl, dietofencarb, procymidone, tolclofos-methyl, fenpyrazamine, mandestrobin, pyridaclomethyl, impirfluxam, and methyltetraprole. A method for controlling pests, which comprises the step of spot-treating two insecticides or fungicides. The method according to claim 1, wherein the foliage of the agricultural or horticultural crop is treated with an insecticide or fungicide. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the agricultural crop is treated with an insecticide or a fungicide. The method according to claim 3, wherein the crop is a crop selected from the group consisting of rice, wheat, corn, soybean, cotton, canola, sugar beet, sugar cane, and sunflower.