JP2020100130A - Non-bond compression method of hard wood by high frequency - Google Patents
Non-bond compression method of hard wood by high frequency Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、硬木加工の製造分野に属し、特に硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法に関し。 The present invention belongs to the field of manufacturing hard wood, and more particularly to a high-frequency non-adhesive compression method for hard wood.
硬木は、固くて緻密で、色が華やかで、繊細な模様で美しく、家具と木製品を作る優れた材料であるが、その成長が遅くて、木質構造が緻密であるので、これらの木材は高価である。軟質木材は、成長速度が速く、その内部が放射線配列の多くの扁平細胞で構成され、細胞腔内に樹脂とタンニン化合物が含まれ、空気で満たされ、質が柔らかく、弾力性があるが、物理力学的性能が悪く、例えば密度が低く、硬度が低く、乾燥変形が生じやすく、腐食しやすい。軟質木材の上記性能を高めるために、木材に対して表面処理と熱処理を行う必要がある。生産加工の条件を満たすためには、場合によって、より硬い木に圧縮するように硬木を圧縮処理する必要がある。 Hardwood is a solid, dense, colorful and beautiful with delicate patterns, and is an excellent material for making furniture and wood products, but due to its slow growth and dense wooden structure, these woods are expensive. Is. Soft wood has a high growth rate and is composed of many squamous cells with a radiation array inside, and contains resin and tannin compounds in the cell cavity, filled with air, soft in quality, and elastic, Poor physico-mechanical performance such as low density, low hardness, easy dry deformation and easy corrosion. In order to enhance the above performance of soft wood, it is necessary to perform surface treatment and heat treatment on the wood. In order to satisfy the conditions of production processing, it is necessary to compress hard wood so that it may be compressed to harder wood.
従来の表面処理、熱処理や圧縮技術で得られた硬木は、脱ゴム・塗料抜けなどが起こりやすく、しかもその内部が腐食しやすくて、割れやすく、硬度が低く、吸水して割れやすい。硬木の硬度を高めるためには、複数の硬木を接着剤で積層して複合板に製造する必要があり、しかしながら、製造した複合板には、ホルムアルデヒド、ベンゼン系物質が含有し、健康によくないため、硬度が高く、接着剤のない硬木を提供することは現在早急に解決しなければならない問題である。 Hard wood obtained by conventional surface treatment, heat treatment and compression technology is liable to undergo de-rubbering and paint loss, and the inside is easily corroded, easily cracked, low in hardness, and easily cracked by absorbing water. In order to increase the hardness of hardwood, it is necessary to laminate multiple hardwoods with an adhesive to produce a composite board. However, the produced composite board contains formaldehyde and benzene-based substances and is not good for health. Therefore, providing a hard wood having high hardness and no adhesive is a problem that must be solved immediately.
上記課題に対して、本発明は、さらに硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法を提供し、当該方法は以下のステップを含む。 With respect to the above problems, the present invention further provides a high-frequency non-adhesive compression method for hard wood, which method includes the following steps.
（１）木材の前処理：木材を前処理し、木材の平均含水率を１０−２０％に制御する。 (1) Pretreatment of wood: Wood is pretreated to control the average water content of wood to 10-20%.
（２）加熱圧縮処理：前処理された木材を木材の平均温度が１００−１１０℃に高周波で加熱し、５−７ｍｉｎ保温し、第一圧縮率Ｙで圧縮する。 (2) Heat compression treatment: The pretreated wood is heated at a high frequency so that the average temperature of the wood is 100 to 110°C, kept warm for 5 to 7 minutes, and compressed at the first compression rate Y.
（３）硬化処理：加熱圧縮処理された木材を木材の平均温度が１８０−２２０℃に高周波で加熱し、５−８ｍｉｎ保温し、硬化処理を行う。 (3) Curing treatment: The heat-compressed lumber is heated at a high average frequency of 180 to 220° C. at a high frequency and kept warm for 5 to 8 minutes to carry out a curing treatment.
（４）冷却処理：硬化処理された木材の表面を水冷技術で５−１５℃／ｍｉｎの速度で冷却し、木材の平均温度が７０−９０℃に冷却する。 (4) Cooling treatment: The surface of the hardened wood is cooled by a water cooling technique at a rate of 5-15°C/min to cool the average temperature of the wood to 70-90°C.
（５）養生処理:冷却処理された木材を室温に置き、１３−１５日間養生し、無接着圧縮の硬木を得る。 (5) Curing treatment: The cooled wood is kept at room temperature and cured for 13-15 days to obtain non-adhesive compressed hard wood.
前処理された木材が直ちに加熱圧縮処理を行わない場合は、前処理された木材を錫紙やプラスチックで巻いて、前処理された木材の含水率を保証する必要がある。 If the pretreated wood does not immediately undergo heat compression treatment, it is necessary to wrap the pretreated wood with tin paper or plastic to ensure the water content of the pretreated wood.
本発明において加熱圧縮処理と硬化処理に用いる高周波加熱は、同一の設備で実施してもよいし、異なる設備で実施してもよく、加熱過程で木材の上下面を金属板で加熱することができる。 The high-frequency heating used in the heating and compression treatment and the curing treatment in the present invention may be performed in the same equipment or in different equipment, and the upper and lower surfaces of the wood may be heated by the metal plate in the heating process. it can.
冷却処理の過程では、木材の大きさや材質によって、適切に３０−５０℃まで冷却することができる。実際の生産では、低い温度まで冷却する必要がある場合、コンベアの長さを長くすることで実現することができる。また、冷却時に木材の上下面に温度１８０−２２０℃の金属板を置く必要があり、金属板と木材の面積比は１．４−１．６：１。水冷技術は、木材上の金属板を水で冷却することで。金属板の表面温度が高いため、大量の水が金属板に流し込まれた場合、金属板の温度も蒸気で低下し、木材を等速で降温し、降温効果を高めることができる。 In the cooling process, the temperature can be appropriately lowered to 30-50°C depending on the size and material of the wood. In actual production, if it is necessary to cool to a low temperature, this can be achieved by increasing the length of the conveyor. In addition, it is necessary to put a metal plate having a temperature of 180 to 220°C on the upper and lower surfaces of the wood during cooling, and the area ratio of the metal plate and the wood is 1.4 to 1.6:1. Water cooling technology is to cool a metal plate on wood with water. Since the surface temperature of the metal plate is high, when a large amount of water is poured into the metal plate, the temperature of the metal plate is also reduced by the steam, and the temperature of the wood can be lowered at a constant speed, so that the temperature lowering effect can be enhanced.
なお、冷却時の金属板と高周波加熱時の金属板は、同一の金属板でも異なる金属板でもよい。 The metal plate during cooling and the metal plate during high frequency heating may be the same metal plate or different metal plates.
木材の平均含水率は、木材の表面と内部の異なる層で測定した含水率の平均値であり、木材の平均温度は、木材の表面と内部で異なる層で測定した温度の平均値である。 The average water content of wood is the average of the water contents measured in different layers on the surface and inside of the wood, and the average temperature of the wood is the average of the temperatures measured in the different layers on the surface and inside of the wood.
さらに改良して、冷却処理の水流速は０．９−１．３ｍ／ｓとなる。水流速を限定することで、気化割合を高め、降温効果を高めることができる。 With further improvement, the water velocity of the cooling process is 0.9-1.3 m/s. By limiting the water flow velocity, it is possible to increase the vaporization rate and enhance the temperature lowering effect.
さらに改良して、冷却処理の過程で、木材の表面温度を８５−９０℃に冷却する時、風冷却を行い、風速が９．２−９．７ｍ／ｓで、風の温度が５５−６０℃である。 Further improvement, in the process of cooling, when the surface temperature of the wood is cooled to 85-90°C, wind cooling is performed, the wind speed is 9.2-9.7 m/s, and the wind temperature is 55-60. ℃.
好ましくは、風向と木材の上下面とのなす角度は、いずれも５５−５８°である。 Preferably, the angle between the wind direction and the upper and lower surfaces of the wood is 55-58°.
風源は、木材の上面と下面にそれぞれ位置し、木材の上面に対して、木材の上面と５５−５８°のなす角度で上向きに風が吹きつけ、木材の下面に対して、木材の下面と５５−５８°のなす角度で下向きに風が吹きつける。 The wind sources are located on the upper surface and the lower surface of the wood, respectively, and the wind blows upward on the upper surface of the wood at an angle of 55-58° with the upper surface of the wood. The wind blows downward at an angle of 55-58°.
木材の表面温度が低下することにつれて、水蒸気の蒸発速度が低下する。木材表面の等速降温を保証するために、木材の表面温度が８５−９０℃に低下する時、空冷が必要となる。水冷過程で発生した水蒸気が木材の表面に接触するため、風冷却は乾燥の役割を果たす。風の温度と風向を制御し、水蒸気の蒸発速度を高め、乾燥効率を高め、スプリングバックを防止する。 As the surface temperature of wood decreases, the evaporation rate of water vapor decreases. Air cooling is required when the surface temperature of the wood drops to 85-90° C. in order to ensure a constant rate of temperature drop on the wood surface. Since the water vapor generated in the water cooling process contacts the surface of the wood, wind cooling plays a role of drying. It controls the temperature and direction of the wind to increase the evaporation rate of water vapor, improve the drying efficiency, and prevent springback.
さらに改良して、加熱圧縮処理過程では、前処理された木材を予め設定された加熱速度ｖ１、予め設定された温度差ΔＴ１を維持した状態で加熱する。ここで、ｖ１＝５−７℃／ｍｉｎ，ΔＴ１＝４−７℃、高周波数が８−１０．５ＭＨｚである。 As a further improvement, in the heat compression treatment process, the pretreated wood is heated while maintaining a preset heating rate v 1 and a preset temperature difference ΔT 1 . Here, v 1 =5-7° C./min, ΔT 1 =4-7° C., and the high frequency is 8-10.5 MHz.
さらに改良して、硬化処理過程では、加熱圧縮処理された木材を予め設定された加熱速度ｖ２、予め設定された温度差ΔＴ２を維持した状態で加熱する。ここで、ｖ２＝２０−２５℃／ｍｉｎ，ΔＴ２＝２−５℃、高周波数が２．８−１６．５ＭＨｚである。 As a further improvement, in the curing process, the heat-compressed wood is heated while maintaining a preset heating rate v 2 and a preset temperature difference ΔT 2 . Here, v 2 =20-25°C/min, ΔT 2 =2-5°C, and the high frequency is 2.8-16.5 MHz.
本発明における温度差は、木材の上下面、厚さの異なる層に対して測定した全ての温度のうち最高温度と最低温度の差であり、温度差を合理的に制御して圧縮効果（本発明における温度差は、木材の上下面と厚さの異なる層に対して測定した全ての温度のうち最高温度と最低温度の差である）を高める。木材の含水率差を合理的に制御して、圧縮効果を高めることも本発明の保護の範囲内にある。 The temperature difference in the present invention is the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of all the temperatures measured for the upper and lower surfaces of wood and layers having different thicknesses, and the compression effect is controlled by rationally controlling the temperature difference. The temperature difference in the invention raises the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of all temperatures measured for the top and bottom surfaces of wood and layers of different thickness. It is also within the protection scope of the present invention to reasonably control the water content difference of wood to enhance the compression effect.
さらに改良して、加熱圧縮処理と硬化処理の間には、さらに昇温圧縮処理を含み、具体的な方法は、加熱圧縮処理された木材を木材の平均温度１５０−１５５℃に高周波で加熱し、５−１０ｍｉｎ保温し、高周波数が１５−１７ＭＨｚで、加熱速度が１５−２０℃／ｍｉｎで、そして、木材の平均温度１００−１１０℃に水で冷却し、冷却速度が３−５℃／ｍｉｎであり、また、二回目の圧縮を行うことである。 Further improvement, between the heat compression treatment and the hardening treatment, further includes a temperature increase compression treatment, and a specific method is to heat the heat compression treated wood to an average temperature of wood of 150 to 155° C. with high frequency. , Keep it warm for 5-10min, high frequency is 15-17MHz, heating rate is 15-20°C/min, and average temperature of wood is 100-110°C with water, cooling rate is 3-5°C/ min, and performing the second compression.
加熱圧縮処理された後、木材にも昇温圧縮処理を行うことで、木材が吸水する構造を再圧縮し、圧縮した木材に存在可能な吸水状況をなくし、その安定性を顕著に高め、吸水性能を低下することを目的とする。二回目の圧縮率＝５−１０％である。 After heat-compressed, the wood is also subjected to temperature-enhanced compression to recompress the water-absorbing structure of the wood, eliminate the water-absorption state that can exist in the compressed wood, and significantly improve its stability. The purpose is to reduce performance. The second compression rate=5-10%.
さらに改良して、一回目の圧縮率Ｙは、以下の式で得られる。 With further improvement, the first compression ratio Y is obtained by the following equation.
圧縮率=(木材の圧縮前の厚み-圧縮後の厚み)/圧縮前の厚み*100%で、密度の単位ρはｇ／ｃｍ３である。 Compressibility=(thickness of wood before compression−thickness after compression)/thickness before compression*100%, and the unit of density ρ is g/cm 3 .
さらに改良して、硬化処理の具体的な方法は以下のとおりである。 With further improvement, the concrete method of the curing treatment is as follows.
１）圧縮処理された木材を木材の平均温度１３５−１４０℃に高周波で加熱し、２−５ｍｉｎ保温し、高周波数が１４．２−１６．５ＭＨｚである。 1) The compressed wood is heated to a mean wood temperature of 135 to 140° C. with high frequency and kept warm for 2 to 5 minutes, and the high frequency is 14.2 to 16.5 MHz.
２）木材を木材の平均温度が１８０−２２０℃に高周波で加熱し、２−３ｍｉｎ保温し、高周波数が３．７−４．３ＭＨｚであり、 2) The wood is heated with a high frequency to an average temperature of 180-220° C. and kept warm for 2-3 minutes, and the high frequency is 3.7-4.3 MHz,
３）加熱を停止し、木材を木材の平均温度が１６５−１７０℃に風で冷却し、２−３ｍｉｎ保温し、風速が６．８−８ｍ／ｓであり、 3) The heating is stopped, the average temperature of the wood is cooled by wind to 165 to 170° C., the temperature is kept for 2-3 minutes, and the wind speed is 6.8 to 8 m/s.
４）木材を木材の平均温度１８０−２２０℃に高周波で加熱し続け、３−５ｍｉｎ保温し、高周波数が２．８−３．５ＭＨｚである 4) Continue heating wood to high temperature of 180-220°C with high frequency, keep it warm for 3-5 min, high frequency is 2.8-3.5MHz.
本発明は、硬化処理を具体的に限定し、硬化効果を顕著に高める。 The present invention specifically limits the curing treatment and significantly enhances the curing effect.
さらに改良して、養生処理の具体的な方法は、冷却処理された木材を水平乾燥面に置き、木材の上面に５．５−７．２ＭＰａの圧力を加え、３日間養生した後、毎日１．２−１．５ＭＰａの圧力を圧力が０になるまで減少させ、１０−１３日間養生し続ける。 With further improvement, a concrete method of curing treatment is to place cooled wood on a horizontal dry surface, apply a pressure of 5.5-7.2 MPa to the upper surface of the wood, and after curing for 3 days, The pressure of 0.2 to 1.5 MPa is reduced until the pressure becomes 0, and the curing is continued for 10 to 13 days.
養生処理は、乾燥で暗い場所ですること。倉庫で行ってもよい。 Curing should be done in a dry and dark place. You may go to the warehouse.
さらに改良して、加熱圧縮処理と昇温圧縮処理の過程で、木材の中間領域と周囲領域を高周波でそれぞれ加熱し、中間領域の高周波数と周囲領域の高周波数比が１：０．８８−０．９４である。硬化処理の過程では、加熱圧縮処理された木材の中間領域と周囲領域を高周波でそれぞれ加熱し、中間領域の高周波数と周囲領域の高周波数比が１：０．９３−０．９６である。 Further improving, in the process of heat compression treatment and temperature rise compression treatment, the intermediate region and the peripheral region of the wood are heated with high frequency, respectively, and the high frequency of the intermediate region and the high frequency ratio of the peripheral region are 1:0.88- It is 0.94. In the process of hardening treatment, the intermediate region and the peripheral region of the heat-compressed wood are heated with high frequency, respectively, and the high frequency ratio of the intermediate region and the peripheral region is 1:0.93-0.96.
木材の中間領域と周囲領域は、木材の大きさによって限定されてもよく、加熱と硬化温度の均一性を高めるため、一般的に中間領域と周囲領域の面積比が２：９の木材を選択する。 The middle area and the surrounding area of the wood may be limited by the size of the wood. In order to improve the uniformity of heating and curing temperature, generally, the wood having the area ratio of the middle area and the surrounding area of 2:9 is selected. To do.
本発明の方法で製造する無接着圧縮硬木は、平均硬度と平均密度が非常に高く、密度と硬度が均一に分布し、内部ハニカム構造の面積が小さく、空気、樹脂とタンニン化合物の含有量が極めて低く、硬木の内外部において、吸水率が低く、水煮や水の侵入に耐えられ、性質が安定的である。 The non-adhesive compression hardwood produced by the method of the present invention has a very high average hardness and average density, the density and hardness are uniformly distributed, the area of the internal honeycomb structure is small, and the content of air, resin and tannin compound is small. It is extremely low, has a low water absorption rate inside and outside of hard wood, can withstand boiled water and water intrusion, and has stable properties.
以下、本発明の具体的な実施形態を詳細に説明する。当然ながら、本明細書に記載の具体的な実施形態は、本発明を説明して解釈するためのものだけで、本発明を限定するものではない。 Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are merely for the purpose of illustrating and interpreting the present invention, not for limiting the same.
本発明の実施例１に係る硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法は、以下のステップを含む。 The method of non-adhesive compression by high frequency of hard wood according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps.
（１）木材の前処理：密度ρ＝０．６の木材を前処理し、木材の平均含水率を１０％に制御する。 (1) Pretreatment of wood: Wood having a density ρ=0.6 is pretreated to control the average water content of wood to 10%.
（２）加熱圧縮処理：前処理された木材を予め設定された加熱速度ｖ１、予め設定された温度差ΔＴ１を高周波で維持した状態で加熱し、木材の平均温度１００℃に加熱し、７ｍｉｎ保温し、４５％圧縮率で圧縮し、ｖ１＝５℃／ｍｉｎ，ΔＴ１＝４℃、高周波数が６ＭＨｚである。 (2) Heat compression treatment: The pretreated wood is heated while maintaining a preset heating rate v 1 and a preset temperature difference ΔT 1 at a high frequency to heat the wood to an average temperature of 100° C. The temperature is kept for 7 minutes and compressed at a compression rate of 45%, v 1 =5° C./min, ΔT 1 =4° C., and the high frequency is 6 MHz.
（３）硬化処理：加熱圧縮処理された木材を予め設定された加熱速度ｖ２、予め設定された温度差ΔＴ２を高周波で維持した状態で加熱し、木材の平均温度１８０℃に加熱し、８ｍｉｎ保温し、硬化処理を行い、ｖ２＝２０℃／ｍｉｎ，ΔＴ２＝２℃、高周波数が１５．５ＭＨｚである。 (3) Curing treatment: heating and compression-treating wood is heated in a state where a preset heating rate v 2 and a preset temperature difference ΔT 2 are maintained at a high frequency, and the wood is heated to an average temperature of 180° C. The temperature is kept for 8 minutes and the hardening treatment is performed, v 2 =20° C./min, ΔT 2 =2° C., and the high frequency is 15.5 MHz.
（４）冷却処理：硬化処理された木材の表面を水冷技術で５℃／ｍｉｎの速度で冷却し、木材の平均温度が７０℃に冷却し、冷却処理の水流速が0.9ｍ／ｓで、木材の表面温度が85℃に冷却する時に風冷却を行い、風速が９．２ｍ／ｓで、風の温度が５５℃である。 (4) Cooling treatment: The surface of the hardened wood is cooled by a water cooling technique at a rate of 5° C./min, the average temperature of the wood is cooled to 70° C., and the water velocity of the cooling treatment is 0.9 m/s. When the surface temperature of wood is cooled to 85°C, wind cooling is performed, the wind speed is 9.2 m/s, and the wind temperature is 55°C.
（５）養生処理：冷却処理された木材を水平乾燥面に置き、木材の上面に５．５ＭＰａの圧力を加え、３日間養生した後、毎日１．２ＭＰａの圧力を圧力が０になるまで減少させ、養生を１０日間続けて、無接着圧縮の硬木を得る。 (5) Curing treatment: Cooled wood is placed on a horizontal dry surface, a pressure of 5.5 MPa is applied to the top surface of the wood, and after curing for 3 days, the pressure of 1.2 MPa is reduced daily until the pressure becomes zero. Then, curing is continued for 10 days to obtain a non-adhesive compressed hard wood.
本発明の実施例２−４に係る硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法は、パラメータの変化において実施例１と異なり、具体的には表１に示される。 The non-adhesive compression method by high frequency of the hard wood according to Example 2-4 of the present invention is different from that of Example 1 in the change of the parameter, and is specifically shown in Table 1.
(表１)
表１ 実施例２−４に係る硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法のパラメータ
Table 1 Parameters of non-adhesive compression method by high frequency of hard wood according to Example 2-4
実施例５
本発明の実施例５に係る硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法は、以下のステップを含む。
Example 5
The method of non-adhesive compression by high frequency of hard wood according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps.
（１）木材の前処理：密度ρ＝０．６の木材を前処理し、木材の平均含水率を１０％に制御する。 (1) Pretreatment of wood: Wood having a density ρ=0.6 is pretreated to control the average water content of wood to 10%.
（２）加熱圧縮処理：前処理された木材の中間領域と周囲領域を予め設定された加熱速度ｖ１、予め設定された温度差ΔＴ１を高周波で維持した状態で加熱し、木材の平均温度１００℃に加熱し、７ｍｉｎ保温し、４５％圧縮率で圧縮し、ｖ１＝５℃／ｍｉｎ，ΔＴ１＝４℃、中間領域の高周波数が９．８ＭＨｚであり、周囲領域の高周波数が８．８ＭＨｚである。 (2) Heat compression treatment: heating the intermediate region and the peripheral region of the pretreated wood while maintaining the preset heating rate v 1 and the preset temperature difference ΔT 1 at a high frequency to obtain the average temperature of the wood. Heat to 100° C., keep warm for 7 min, compress at 45% compression rate, v 1 =5° C./min, ΔT 1 =4° C., high frequency in middle region is 9.8 MHz, high frequency in surrounding region is It is 8.8 MHz.
（３）昇温圧縮処理：加熱圧縮処理された木材の中間領域と周囲領域を木材の平均温度１５０℃に高周波でそれぞれ加熱し、５ｍｉｎ保温し、中間領域の高周波数が１６ＭＨｚであり、周囲領域の高周波数が１５ＭＨｚであり、加熱速度が１５℃／ｍｉｎで、木材の平均温度が１００℃に水で冷却し、冷却速度が３℃／ｍｉｎで、そして、二回目の圧縮を行い、二回目の圧縮率は５％である。 (3) Temperature rising compression treatment: The middle region and the surrounding region of the heat-compressed wood are heated to a mean temperature of 150° C. of the wood at high frequency and kept warm for 5 minutes, the high frequency of the middle region is 16 MHz, and the surrounding region is Has a high frequency of 15 MHz, a heating rate of 15° C./min, an average temperature of wood cooled to 100° C. with water, a cooling rate of 3° C./min, and a second compression, a second time The compression rate of is 5%.
（４）硬化処理の具体的な方法は、以下のとおりである。 (4) The concrete method of the curing treatment is as follows.
１）昇温圧縮処理された木材の中間領域と周囲領域を予め設定された加熱速度ｖ２、予め設定された温度差ΔＴ２を高周波で維持した状態で加熱し、木材の平均温度１３５℃に加熱し、５ｍｉｎ保温し、中間領域の高周波数が１５．６ＭＨｚであり、周囲領域の高周波数が１４．６ＭＨｚであり、ｖ２＝２０℃／ｍｉｎ、ΔＴ２＝２℃である。 1) Heating the intermediate region and the surrounding region of the wood subjected to the temperature rise compression treatment while maintaining a preset heating rate v 2 and a preset temperature difference ΔT 2 at a high frequency, to an average temperature of the wood of 135° C. It is heated and kept warm for 5 minutes, the high frequency in the middle region is 15.6 MHz, the high frequency in the surrounding region is 14.6 MHz, v 2 =20° C./min, ΔT 2 =2° C.
２）ステップ１）で処理された木材の中間領域と周囲領域を予め設定された加熱速度ｖ２、予め設定された温度差ΔＴ２を高周波で維持した状態で再加熱し、木材の平均温度１８０℃に加熱し、２ｍｉｎ保温し、中間領域の高周波数が４ＭＨｚであり、周囲領域の高周波数が３．８ＭＨｚである。 2) Reheating the middle and surrounding areas of the wood treated in step 1) while maintaining a preset heating rate v 2 and a preset temperature difference ΔT 2 at a high frequency to obtain an average temperature of the wood of 180 It is heated to 0° C., kept warm for 2 minutes, the high frequency in the middle region is 4 MHz, and the high frequency in the surrounding region is 3.8 MHz.
３）加熱を停止し、木材の平均温度が１６５℃に風で冷却し、２ｍｉｎ保温し、風速が６．８ｍ／ｓである。 3) The heating is stopped, the average temperature of the wood is cooled by wind to 165° C., the temperature is kept for 2 minutes, and the wind speed is 6.8 m/s.
４）ステップ３）で処理された木材の中間領域と周囲領域を予め設定された加熱速度ｖ２、予め設定された温度差ΔＴ２を高周波で維持した状態で加熱し続け、木材の平均温度１８０℃に加熱し、３ｍｉｎ保温し、中間領域の高周波数が３．２ＭＨｚであり、周囲領域の高周波数が３ＭＨｚである。 4) Continue to heat the intermediate region and the surrounding region of the wood treated in step 3) while maintaining the preset heating rate v 2 and the preset temperature difference ΔT 2 at a high frequency, and the average temperature of the wood is 180. It is heated to 0° C. and kept warm for 3 minutes, the high frequency in the middle region is 3.2 MHz, and the high frequency in the surrounding region is 3 MHz.
（５）冷却処理：硬化処理された木材の表面を水冷技術で５℃／ｍｉｎの速度で冷却し、木材の平均温度が７０℃に冷却し、冷却処理の水流速が１ｍ／ｓで、木材の表面温度が８５℃に冷却する時に風冷却を行い、風速が９．２ｍ／ｓで、風向と木材の上面とのなす角度が５５°で、風の温度が５５℃である。 (5) Cooling treatment: The surface of the hardened wood is cooled with a water cooling technique at a rate of 5°C/min, the average temperature of the wood is cooled to 70°C, and the water velocity of the cooling treatment is 1 m/s. Is cooled to 85° C., the wind speed is 9.2 m/s, the angle between the wind direction and the upper surface of the wood is 55°, and the temperature of the wind is 55° C.
（６）養生処理：冷却処理された木材を水平乾燥面に置き、木材の上面に５．５ＭＰａの圧力を加え、３日間養生した後、毎日１．２ＭＰａの圧力を圧力が０になるまで減少させ、養生を１０日間続けて、無接着圧縮の硬木を得る。 (6) Curing treatment: The cooled wood is placed on a horizontal dry surface, a pressure of 5.5 MPa is applied to the upper surface of the wood, and after curing for 3 days, the pressure of 1.2 MPa is reduced daily until the pressure becomes zero. Then, curing is continued for 10 days to obtain a non-adhesive compressed hard wood.
本発明の実施例６−９に係る硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法は、パラメータの変化において実施例５と異なり、具体的には表２。 The non-adhesive compression method by high frequency of hard wood according to Examples 6-9 of the present invention is different from Example 5 in the change of parameters, and specifically, Table 2 is shown.
(表２)
表２ 実施例６−９に係る硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法のパラメータ
Table 2 Parameters of non-adhesive compression method by high frequency of hard wood according to Examples 6-9
比較例１−１４において、実施例１と実施例５の各ステップのパラメータを考察し、考察結果は表３−４にそれぞれ示される。 In Comparative Example 1-14, the parameters of each step of Example 1 and Example 5 were examined, and the examination results are shown in Table 3-4, respectively.
(表３)
表３ 比較例１−７に係る硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法のパラメータ
Table 3 Parameters of non-adhesive compression method by high frequency of hard wood according to Comparative Example 1-7
(表４)
表４ 比較例８−１４に係る硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法のパラメータ
Table 4 Parameters of non-adhesive compression method by high frequency of hard wood according to Comparative Example 8-14
基本性能の考察は以下のとおりである。 The consideration of basic performance is as follows.
(表５)
表５ 本発明の各方法で製造する無接着圧縮の硬木の基本性能
Table 5 Basic performance of non-adhesive compression hardwood produced by each method of the present invention
吸水性能の考察は以下のとおりである。 The consideration of water absorption performance is as follows.
ＧＢ／Ｔ １９３４．１−２００９「木材吸水性測定方法」を参照して、実施例１−９と比較例１−１４に係る無接着圧縮の硬木の６ｈでの平均吸水率（％）、吸水率差（％）及び吸水厚さ膨張率（％）を測定した結果を表６に示す。平均吸水率は、無接着圧縮の硬木の上下面において、厚さがそれぞれ２ｃｍ、４ｃｍ、５ｃｍ、６ｃｍと８ｃｍの層で測定した各吸水率の平均値（特定の厚さの吸水率を測定する場合は、切削やパンチなどの方式で加工して測定することができる）であり、吸水率差は、測定した各吸水率における最大値と最小値であり、吸水厚さ膨張率（％）＝（浸漬前の厚さ−浸漬後の厚さ）／浸漬前の厚さである。 GB/T 1934.1-2009 “Wood Water Absorption Measurement Method”, with reference to Example 1-9 and Comparative Example 1-14, the average water absorption (%) and water absorption of the non-adhesive compressed hardwood at 6 h. Table 6 shows the results of measuring the coefficient difference (%) and the water absorption thickness expansion coefficient (%). The average water absorption rate is an average value of water absorption rates measured in layers having thicknesses of 2 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm on the upper and lower surfaces of non-adhesive compressed hard wood (measure the water absorption rate of a specific thickness. In this case, it can be measured by processing with a method such as cutting or punching), and the water absorption difference is the maximum value and the minimum value in each measured water absorption rate, and the water absorption thickness expansion rate (%) = (Thickness before immersion-thickness after immersion)/thickness before immersion.
(表６)
表６ 本発明の各方法で製造する無接着圧縮の硬木の吸水率の測定結果
Table 6 Measurement results of water absorption of non-adhesive compressed hard wood produced by each method of the present invention
表５と表６から明らかなように、本発明の方法で製造する無接着圧縮硬木は、その平均密度と平均硬度が顕著に向上し、また密度差、硬度差、吸水率差が小さく、そのため、本発明で製造する無接着圧縮の硬木は、その硬度と密度が均一に分布し、内外部にいずれも性能が高く、無接着圧縮の硬木内部における樹脂の含有量、タンニン化合物の含有量及びハニカム状態組織構造の含有量が顕著に低下し、無接着圧縮の硬木の安定性がさらに保証されたことを示している。 As is clear from Tables 5 and 6, the average density and average hardness of the non-adhesive compression hardwood produced by the method of the present invention are remarkably improved, and the difference in density, difference in hardness and difference in water absorption are small. The non-adhesive compression hard wood produced by the present invention has a uniform distribution of hardness and density, and has high performance both inside and outside, the content of the resin in the non-adhesion compression hard wood, the content of the tannin compound and It shows that the content of the honeycomb structure is significantly reduced, and the stability of the hardwood without compression is further guaranteed.
Claims (7)
前処理された木材を木材の平均温度が１００−１１０℃に高周波で加熱し、５−７ｍｉｎ保温し、第一圧縮率Ｙで圧縮する加熱圧縮処理ステップと、
加熱圧縮処理された木材を木材の平均温度が１８０−２２０℃に高周波で加熱し、５−８ｍｉｎ保温し、硬化処理を行う硬化処理ステップと、
硬化処理された木材の表面を水冷技術で５−１５℃／ｍｉｎの速度で冷却し、木材の平均温度が７０−９０℃に冷却する冷却処理ステップと、
冷却処理された木材を室温に置き、１３−１５日間養生し、無接着圧縮の硬木を得る養生処理ステップと、を含む
ことを特徴とする硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法。 A wood pretreatment step of pretreating the wood and controlling the average water content of the wood to 10-20%;
A heating and compression treatment step in which the pretreated wood is heated to a mean temperature of 100 to 110° C. with high frequency, kept warm for 5 to 7 minutes, and compressed at a first compression rate Y;
A curing step in which the heat-compressed wood is heated at a high frequency such that the average temperature of the wood is 180 to 220° C., the temperature is kept for 5 to 8 minutes, and a curing process is performed.
A cooling step in which the surface of the hardened wood is cooled by a water cooling technique at a rate of 5-15°C/min, and the average temperature of the wood is cooled to 70-90°C;
A curing treatment step of curing the cooled wood at room temperature for 13 to 15 days to obtain a non-adhesive compressed hard wood.
請求項１に記載の硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法。 The non-adhesive compression method according to claim 1, wherein the water velocity of the water cooling technique is 0.9-1.3 m/s.
請求項１に記載の硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法。
１）加熱圧縮処理された木材を木材の平均温度１３５−１４０℃に高周波で加熱し、２−５ｍｉｎ保温し、高周波数が１４．２−１６．５ＭＨｚであり、
２）木材を木材の平均温度が１８０−２２０℃に高周波で加熱し、２−３ｍｉｎ保温し、高周波数が３．７−４．３ＭＨｚであり、
３）加熱を停止し、木材を木材の平均温度が１６５−１７０℃に風で冷却し、２−３ｍｉｎ保温し、風速が６．８−８ｍ／ｓであり、
４）木材を木材の平均温度１８０−２２０℃に高周波で加熱し続け、３−５ｍｉｎ保温し、高周波数が２．８−３．５ＭＨｚである
請求項１に記載の硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法。 The specific method of curing treatment is
1) Heat-compressed wood is heated to a mean wood temperature of 135-140° C. with high frequency and kept warm for 2-5 minutes, and high frequency is 14.2-16.5 MHz,
2) The average temperature of wood is heated to 180-220° C. with high frequency, kept warm for 2-3 minutes, high frequency is 3.7-4.3 MHz,
3) The heating is stopped, the average temperature of the wood is cooled by wind to 165 to 170° C., the temperature is kept for 2-3 minutes, and the wind speed is 6.8 to 8 m/s.
4) The non-adhesive compression by high frequency of the hard wood according to claim 1, wherein the wood is continuously heated to the average temperature of the wood of 180-220° C. with high frequency, kept warm for 3-5 min, and the high frequency is 2.8-3.5 MHz. Method.
請求項１に記載の硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法。 A specific method of curing treatment is to place the cooled wood on a horizontal dry surface, apply a pressure of 5.5-7.2 MPa to the upper surface of the wood, and perform curing for 3 days, then 1.2-1. The non-adhesive compression method by high frequency of hard wood according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of 5 MPa is reduced until the pressure becomes 0 and the curing is continued for 10 to 13 days.
請求項１に記載の硬木の高周波による無接着圧縮方法。 In the process of heat compression treatment and temperature rise compression treatment, the middle region and the peripheral region of the wood are respectively heated with high frequency, and the high frequency of the middle region and the high frequency of the peripheral region are 1:0.88-0.94. In the process of hardening treatment, the intermediate region and the peripheral region of the heat-compressed wood are heated with high frequency respectively, and the high frequency ratio of the intermediate region and the peripheral region is 1:0.93-0.96. The non-adhesive compression method by high frequency of the hardwood according to claim 1.
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| JPH0691611A (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-04-05 | Eidai Co Ltd | Manufacture of compacted wooden material |
| EP0612595A1 (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1994-08-31 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Process for upgrading low-quality wood |
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| CN109465932B (en) | 2021-12-03 |
| CN109465932A (en) | 2019-03-15 |
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