CN109465932B - High-frequency glue-free hardwood compacting method - Google Patents
High-frequency glue-free hardwood compacting method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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- B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for densifying hardwood based on high frequency no glue, which comprises wood pretreatment, heating compression treatment, curing treatment, cooling treatment and curing treatment, wherein the high frequency no glue densified hardwood prepared by the method has very high average hardness and average density; the density and hardness are distributed uniformly, the area of the internal honeycomb structure is small, and the content of air, resin and tannin compounds is extremely low; the hardwood has low water absorption in the inner and outer parts, no fear of water boiling and water invasion, and stable property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hardwood processing and manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for compacting hardwood based on high frequency glue-free.
Background
The hardwood is hard, fine, gorgeous and fine in pattern, is used as a superior material for furniture and wood products, but has slow growth and fine and compact wood structure, so that the wood is expensive. The soft wood has high growth speed, the interior of the soft wood is composed of a plurality of flat cells arranged in a radiation mode, the cavities of the cells contain resin and tannin compounds and are full of air, the soft wood is light and soft in texture and high in elasticity, but the physical and mechanical properties are poor, such as low density, low hardness, easiness in generating dry shrinkage deformation and easiness in corroding. In order to improve the above properties of soft wood, surface treatment and heat treatment of wood are required; in order to meet the requirements of the production process, it is sometimes necessary to subject hardwoods to a compression treatment, which requires the compression of harder woods.
The hardwood obtained by the existing surface treatment, heat treatment or compression technology is easy to have the conditions of degumming, paint removal and the like, and the interior of the hardwood is easy to decay and crack, has low hardness and is easy to absorb water and crack. In order to improve the hardness of the hardwood, a plurality of hardwood is required to be laminated by glue to prepare a composite board, but the prepared composite board has formaldehyde and benzene series and is harmful to health, so that how to prepare the hardwood which has high hardness and is free of glue is a problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for densifying hardwood without glue based on high frequency, comprising the steps of:
1) wood pretreatment: pretreating wood, and controlling the average water content of the wood to be 10-20%;
2) heating and compressing treatment: heating the pretreated wood by high frequency to the average temperature of 100-;
3) curing treatment: heating the wood subjected to heating and compression treatment to 220 ℃ of average temperature of the wood by using high frequency, and preserving heat for 5-8min for curing treatment;
4) cooling treatment: cooling the surface of the solidified wood by using a water cooling technology at a speed of 5-15 ℃/min until the average temperature of the wood is 70-90 ℃;
5) and (3) health preserving treatment: and (3) standing the cooled wood at room temperature for 13-15 days to obtain the glue-free compact hardwood.
If the pretreated metal plate is not immediately subjected to heating and compression treatment, the pretreated wood needs to be wound by tinfoil or plastic, and the moisture content of the pretreated wood is further ensured.
The high frequency heating for the heat compression treatment and the curing treatment in the present invention may be carried out in the same apparatus or in different apparatuses, and the upper and lower surfaces of the wood may be heated by the metal plates during the heating process.
In the cooling treatment process, the wood can be properly cooled to 30-50 ℃ according to the size and the material of the wood. In actual production, when cooling to a lower temperature is required, this is achieved by extending the length of the conveyor belt. And metal plates with the temperature of 180-220 ℃ are required to be placed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the wood during cooling, and the area ratio of the metal plates to the wood is preferably 1.4-1.6: 1. the water cooling technique is to cool the metal plate with water. Because metal sheet surface temperature is high, when a large amount of water were poured metal sheet on, the temperature of metal sheet can also be taken away through steam, and then carries out at the uniform velocity cooling to timber, improves the cooling effect. It is to be noted that the metal plate in the cooling and the metal plate in the high frequency heating may be the same or different metal plates.
The average moisture content of the wood is an average value of moisture contents measured on different layers of the surface and the interior of the wood; the average temperature of the wood is the average of the temperatures measured at the surface and in the different layers of the wood.
For example, a piece of 2m by 65cm by 10cm wood, three values of water content S are measured at different positions on the upper and lower surfaces of the wood1To S6Measured temperature values are respectively t11To t16Then 3 points are respectively taken on the layers with the wood thickness of 2cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm and 8cm to measure the water content and the temperature, and the water content is S7To S21At a temperature t17To t31Then averaging the sum of
Average wood
The moisture content and the temperature of the wood can be tested by conventional methods. All mean values in the present invention are measured according to this method.
In a further improvement, the flow rate of the water for cooling treatment is 0.9-1.3 m/s. By limiting the water flow rate, the gasification proportion can be improved, and the cooling effect is improved.
Further improvement, in the cooling treatment process, when the surface temperature of the wood is cooled to 85-90 ℃, air cooling is carried out, the wind speed is 9.2-9.7m/s, and the wind temperature is 55-60 ℃.
Preferably, the wind direction is at an angle of 55-58 ° to both the upper and lower surfaces of the timber.
The air sources are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the heated wood, and for the upper surface of the wood, the air sources blow air from the upper direction to the direction which forms an included angle of 55-58 degrees with the upper surface of the wood, and for the lower surface of the wood, the air sources blow air from the lower direction to the direction which forms an included angle of 55-58 degrees with the lower surface of the wood.
The evaporation speed of the water vapor is reduced along with the reduction of the surface temperature of the wood, and in order to ensure the uniform temperature reduction of the surface of the wood, when the surface temperature of the wood is reduced to 85-90 ℃, air cooling is needed; the air cooling serves as a drying function because water vapor generated during the water cooling process contacts the surface of the wood. The temperature and the wind direction of the wind are controlled, the evaporation rate of water vapor is improved, the drying efficiency is improved, and rebound is prevented.
In a further improvement, the pretreated wood is maintained at a predetermined heating rate v during the heat-compression treatment1A predetermined temperature difference Δ T1Heating is carried out under the condition of (a), wherein v1＝5-7℃/min，ΔT14-7 ℃ and the frequency of the high frequency wave is 8-10.5 MHz.
In a further improvement, the heat-treated and compressed wood is maintained at a predetermined heating rate v during the curing process2A predetermined temperature difference Δ T2Heating is carried out under the condition of (a), wherein v2＝20-25℃/min，ΔT22-5 ℃ and the frequency of the high frequency wave is 2.8-16.5 MHz.
The temperature difference referred to in the invention is the highest temperature difference and the lowest temperature difference among all temperatures measured on the upper surface and the lower surface of the wood and layers with different thicknesses; the temperature difference is reasonably controlled to improve the compression effect. It is also within the scope of the present application to rationally control the moisture content differential of the wood in order to enhance the compression effect.
Further improvement, heating compression treatment is also included between the heating compression treatment and the curing treatment, and the specific method comprises the following steps: heating the wood subjected to heating and compression treatment by using high frequency to the average temperature of the wood of 150-.
After the heating and compression treatment, the temperature-raising compression treatment is also carried out on the wood, so that the water-absorbing structure of the wood is recompressed, the possible water-absorbing condition of the compressed wood is eliminated, the stability of the wood is obviously improved, and the water-absorbing performance of the wood is reduced. The compression ratio of the secondary compression is 5 to 10%.
In a further refinement, the first compression ratio Y is obtained by the following formula:
compression ratio (thickness before compression of wood-thickness after compression)/thickness before compression 100%. Density unit rho is g/cm3。
Further improvement, the concrete method of curing treatment is as follows:
41) heating the compressed wood by high frequency to the average temperature of 135-140 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-5min, wherein the frequency of the high frequency is 14.2-16.5 MHz;
42) then continuously heating the wood by using high frequency to the average temperature of 180-;
43) stopping heating, cooling the wood by wind until the average temperature of the wood is 165-170 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-3min at the wind speed of 6.8-8 m/s;
44) then, the wood is continuously heated to the average temperature of 180-.
The invention specifically limits the curing and obviously improves the curing effect.
Further improvement, the specific method for health preserving treatment comprises the following steps: placing the cooled wood on a horizontal drying surface, applying pressure of 5.5-7.2Mpa to the upper surface of the wood, curing for 3 days, reducing the pressure of 1.2-1.5Mpa every day until the pressure is 0, and continuing curing for 10-13 days.
The curing treatment can be carried out in a warehouse, and should be kept dry and protected from light.
In the process of heating compression treatment and heating compression treatment, the middle area and the peripheral area of the wood are respectively heated by using high frequency waves, and the frequency ratio of the high frequency waves of the middle area to the high frequency waves of the peripheral area is 1: 0.88 to 0.94; respectively heating the middle area and the peripheral area of the wood subjected to heating and compression treatment by using high frequency waves in the curing treatment process, wherein the frequency ratio of the high frequency waves of the middle area to the high frequency waves of the peripheral area is 1: 0.93-0.96.
The middle and peripheral regions of the wood may be defined according to the size of the wood, and in order to improve the uniformity of the heating and curing temperature, the area ratio of the middle and peripheral regions is generally selected to be 2: 9.
the binderless densified hardwood prepared by the process provided by the present invention has a very high average hardness and average density; the density and hardness are distributed uniformly, the area of the internal honeycomb structure is small, and the content of air, resin and tannin compounds is extremely low; the hardwood has low water absorption in the inner and outer parts, no fear of water boiling and water invasion, and stable property.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a method for densifying hardwood without glue based on high frequency, which comprises the following steps:
1) wood pretreatment: preprocessing wood with the density rho of 0.6, and controlling the average water content of the wood to be 10%;
2) heating and compressing treatment: maintaining the pre-treated wood at a predetermined heating rate v using a high frequency1A predetermined temperature difference Δ T1Heating to an average temperature of 100 deg.C, holding for 7min, compressing at a compression ratio of 45%, v1＝5℃/min，ΔT14 ℃, and the frequency of the high frequency wave is 6 MHz;
3) curing treatment: maintaining the heating rate v of the wood subjected to the heating compression treatment by using high frequency2A predetermined temperature difference Δ T2Heating to 180 deg.C, maintaining for 8min, and curing2＝20℃/min，ΔT22 ℃, and the frequency of the high frequency wave is 15.5 MHz;
4) cooling treatment: cooling the surface of the solidified wood by a water cooling technology at a speed of 5 ℃/min until the average temperature of the wood is 70 ℃, the flow rate of the water for cooling is 0.9m/s, and when the surface temperature of the wood is cooled to 85 ℃, performing air cooling at a wind speed of 9.2m/s and a wind temperature of 55 ℃;
5) and (3) health preserving treatment: and placing the cooled wood on a horizontal drying surface, applying pressure of 5.5Mpa to the upper surface of the wood, after curing for 3 days, reducing the pressure of 1.2Mpa every day until the pressure is 0, and continuing curing for 10 days to obtain the glue-free compact hardwood.
The difference between the method for densifying hardwood based on high frequency and no glue provided by embodiments 2-4 of the present invention and embodiment 1 is the variation of the parameters, and the specific parameters are shown in table 1.
Table 1 parameters of the process based on high frequency binderless densification of hardwood as provided in examples 2-4
Example 5
Embodiment 5 of the present invention provides a method for densifying a hardwood without glue based on a high frequency, comprising the steps of:
1) wood pretreatment: preprocessing wood with the density rho of 0.6, and controlling the average water content of the wood to be 10%;
2) heating and compressing treatment: respectively utilizing high frequency to the middle area and the peripheral area of the pretreated wood and maintaining the preset heating rate v1A predetermined temperature difference Δ T1Heating to an average temperature of 100 deg.C, holding for 7min, compressing at a compression ratio of 45%, v1＝5℃/min，ΔT1The frequency of the high frequency wave in the middle area is 9.8MHz, and the frequency of the high frequency wave in the peripheral area is 8.8MHz when the temperature is 4 ℃;
3) heating and compressing treatment: respectively heating the middle area and the peripheral area of the wood subjected to heating and compression treatment by using high frequency waves until the average temperature of the wood is 150 ℃, preserving the heat for 5min, wherein the frequency of the high frequency waves of the middle area is 16MHz, the frequency of the high frequency waves of the peripheral area is 15MHz, the heating speed is 15 ℃/min, cooling by using water until the average temperature of the wood is 100 ℃, the cooling speed is 3 ℃/min, and then performing secondary compression, wherein the compression rate of the secondary compression is 5%;
4) the curing treatment method comprises the following specific steps:
41) respectively maintaining the preset heating rate v by using high frequency waves in the middle area and the peripheral area of the wood subjected to temperature rise compression treatment2A predetermined temperature difference Δ T2Heating to 135 deg.C for 5min, wherein the high frequency in the middle region is 15.6MHz, the high frequency in the peripheral region is 14.6MHz, and v is2＝20℃/min，ΔT2＝2℃
42) Respectively maintaining the preset heating rate v for the middle area and the peripheral area of the wood obtained in the step 41) by using high frequency2A predetermined temperature difference Δ T2Heating the wood under the condition that the average temperature of the wood is 180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2min, wherein the frequency of the high frequency waves in the middle area is 4MHz, and the frequency of the high frequency waves in the peripheral area is 3.8 MHz;
43) stopping heating, cooling the wood by wind until the average temperature of the wood is 165 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2min at the wind speed of 6.8 m/s;
44) respectively maintaining the preset heating rate v for the middle area and the peripheral area of the wood obtained in the step 43) by using high frequency2A predetermined temperature difference Δ T2The heating is continued under the condition of (1), the wood is heated until the average temperature of the wood is 180 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 3min, the frequency of the high frequency wave in the middle area is 3.2MHz, and the frequency of the high frequency wave in the peripheral area is 3 MHz;
5) cooling treatment: cooling the surface of the solidified wood by a water cooling technology at a speed of 5 ℃/min until the average temperature of the wood is 70 ℃, cooling the surface of the wood at a water flow rate of 1m/s, cooling the surface of the wood to 85 ℃, performing air cooling at a wind speed of 9.2m/s, wherein the wind direction forms an included angle of 55 degrees with the upper surface of the wood, and the wind temperature is 55 ℃;
6) and (3) health preserving treatment: and placing the cooled wood on a horizontal drying surface, applying pressure of 5.5Mpa to the upper surface of the wood, after curing for 3 days, reducing the pressure of 1.2Mpa every day until the pressure is 0, and continuing curing for 10 days to obtain the glue-free compact hardwood.
The difference between the method for densifying hardwood based on high frequency and no glue provided by examples 6-9 of the present invention and example 5 is the variation of the parameters, and the specific parameters are shown in table 2.
Table 2 parameters of the process based on high frequency binderless densification of hardwood as provided in examples 6-9
Comparative examples 1 to 14 were conducted by examining the parameters of the respective steps of example 1 and example 5, and the results of examination are shown in tables 3 to 4, respectively.
TABLE 3 parameters of the process based on high-frequency binderless densification of hardwood as provided in comparative examples 1 to 7
TABLE 4 parameters of the process based on high-frequency binderless densification of hardwood as provided in comparative examples 8-14
Basic Performance inspection
Average Density of No-Gum densified hardwood prepared by the methods of inventive examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-14
The basic properties of the wood materials including the sum, the density difference Δ ρ, the average hardness H, the hardness difference Δ H, the resin content SZ, the tannin content DN, the honeycomb structure content FW, etc. are examined, and the results are shown in table 5, wherein the wood material before processing has a size of 2m 60cm 10cm and an average density
And the average hardness H are the average value of each density and the average value of each hardness measured on the upper and lower surfaces of the binderless densified hardwood in layers having a thickness of 2cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm and 8cm, respectively, (when a specific thickness is measured)Hardness and density of the hardness, which can be measured after machining by cutting or punching); the hardness difference Δ H is a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value measured for each hardness, and the density difference Δ ρ is a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value measured for each density.
TABLE 5 basic Properties of the binderless densified hardwoods prepared by the processes of the invention
Examination of Water absorption Properties
The average water absorption (%) at 6 hours, the difference (%) in water absorption and the expansion (%) at water absorption thickness of the binderless densified hardwoods prepared in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 14 were measured with reference to GB/T1934.1-2009 "method for measuring Water absorption of Wood", and the results are shown in Table 6, where the average water absorption is the average of the water absorptions measured on the upper and lower surfaces of the binderless densified hardwoods and on the layers having thicknesses of 2cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm and 8cm, respectively (when the water absorption of a specific thickness is measured, it may be processed by cutting or punching, etc., and then measured); the water absorption rate difference is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the measured water absorption rates; water absorption thickness expansion ratio (%) (thickness before immersion-thickness after immersion)/thickness before immersion.
TABLE 6 Water absorption test results of non-cemented densified hardwoods prepared by the methods of the present invention
It can be seen from tables 5 and 6 that the average density and average hardness of the non-glue-pressed hardwood prepared by the method provided by the invention are significantly improved, and the density difference, hardness difference and water absorption difference are small, which indicates that the non-glue-pressed hardwood prepared by the method has uniform hardness and density distribution, has very good performance inside and outside, and significantly reduces the resin content, tannin compound content and honeycomb state structure content inside the non-glue-pressed hardwood, thereby further ensuring the stability of the non-glue-pressed hardwood.
Claims (5)
1. A method for densifying hardwood on the basis of high frequency cementless pressure, comprising the steps of:
wood pretreatment: pretreating wood, and controlling the average water content of the wood to be 10-20%;
heating and compressing treatment: heating the pretreated wood by high frequency to the average temperature of 100-;
curing treatment: heating the wood subjected to heating and compression treatment to 220 ℃ of average temperature of the wood by using high frequency, and preserving heat for 5-8min for curing treatment;
cooling treatment: cooling the surface of the solidified wood by using a water cooling technology at a speed of 5-15 ℃/min until the average temperature of the wood is 70-90 ℃; the water flow rate of the water cooling technology is 0.9-1.3 m/s; in the cooling treatment process, when the surface temperature of the wood is cooled to 85-90 ℃, air cooling is carried out, the wind speed is 9.2-9.7m/s, and the wind temperature is 55-60 ℃;
and (3) health preserving treatment: standing the cooled wood at room temperature for 13-15 days to obtain glue-free compact hardwood; the specific method for health preserving treatment comprises the following steps: placing the cooled wood on a horizontal drying surface, applying pressure of 5.5-7.2Mpa to the upper surface of the wood, curing for 3 days, reducing the pressure of 1.2-1.5Mpa every day until the pressure is 0, and continuing curing for 10-12 days.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wind direction is at an angle of 55-58 ° to both the top and bottom surfaces of the wood.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first compressibility Y is obtained by the following equation:
4. the method of claim 1, wherein the curing process comprises:
41) heating the wood subjected to heating and compression treatment by using high frequency to the average temperature of the wood of 135-140 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-5min, wherein the frequency of the high frequency is 14.2-16.5 MHz;
42) then continuously heating the wood by using high frequency to the average temperature of 180-;
43) stopping heating, cooling the wood by wind until the average temperature of the wood is 165-170 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-3min at the wind speed of 6.8-8 m/s;
44) then, the wood is continuously heated to the average temperature of 180-.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating and compressing and the heating and compressing respectively heat the middle and the peripheral regions of the wood with high frequency waves, and the ratio of the frequency of the high frequency waves in the middle region to the frequency of the high frequency waves in the peripheral region is 1: 0.88 to 0.94; respectively heating the middle area and the peripheral area of the wood subjected to heating and compression treatment by using high frequency waves in the curing treatment process, wherein the frequency ratio of the high frequency waves of the middle area to the high frequency waves of the peripheral area is 1: 0.93-0.96.
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| CN201811573828.0A CN109465932B (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | High-frequency glue-free hardwood compacting method |
| JP2019026345A JP6785327B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-02-18 | Non-adhesive compression method using high frequency of hardwood |
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| CN112847708B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2022-09-30 | 王凯 | Method for directly compacting logs into plates |
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| CN1846977A (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2006-10-18 | 孙辰豪 | Microwave themal compression machine bench |
| CN101310944A (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-11-26 | 奥林巴斯株式会社 | Wood forming method and wood forming device |
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| JP3113744B2 (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 2000-12-04 | 永大産業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing consolidated wood |
| FI940039A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1994-07-09 | Shell Int Research | Method for processing low quality wood |
| JP3504568B2 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2004-03-08 | 関西電力株式会社 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing compressed wood |
| JP2009241362A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | Aichi Prefecture | Decorating method of lumber by physical treatment |
| JP2012000998A (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2012-01-05 | Mywood 2 Kk | Method of manufacturing plastic-worked lumber |
| JP2017001320A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-01-05 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Lumber processing apparatus |
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| CN1846977A (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2006-10-18 | 孙辰豪 | Microwave themal compression machine bench |
| CN101310944A (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-11-26 | 奥林巴斯株式会社 | Wood forming method and wood forming device |
| JP2009255345A (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-11-05 | Olympus Corp | Method for processing lumber |
| CN103753664A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-04-30 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | Compressed wood and preparation method thereof |
| CN207548976U (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-06-29 | 资溪新云峰木业有限公司 | A kind of longitudinal jigsaw structure of wooden plate plying machine |
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