JP2020079539A - Asphalt-based impervious material and construction method of asphalt-based impervious material - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an asphalt-based impervious material having a strength capable of coping with an environment such that a construction place with a depth of water of deeper than 20 m is filled therewith.SOLUTION: An asphalt-based impervious material 1A contains asphalt, stone dust and sand, in which the asphalt is straight asphalt having penetration of 60-80, and the straight asphalt is blended in a weight ratio of less than 16%. Thereby, even when a construction place has a depth of water of deeper than 20 m, the material can cope with the environment from the viewpoint of the strength.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an asphalt-based water-impervious material applied to a water-impermeable technology at a large water depth (for example, a water depth of 20 m or more) in the field of marine engineering, and a method for constructing an asphalt-based water impervious material.

  Generally, the use of the ocean has been limited mainly to port facilities (breakwaters, quays, offshore airports, offshore wind power generation facilities, managed waste landfill sites, etc.) at a depth of about 20 m or less. In recent years, investigations and developments in deep water with a depth of 100 m or more have been promoted for mining submarine resources, and development of construction techniques at such a deep water is desired.

  When constructing a submarine dome or a marine hydropower dam in such a large depth of water as to exceed 20 m, between structural members (for example, the joint between the foundation ground and the side wall of the structure) so that seawater does not flood the facility. ) Needs to be cut off. In the conventional water-impervious material at a water depth of 20 m or less, a rubber material such as a rubber gasket is used for a joint portion of a submerged tunnel. However, in a sea area at a water depth of 20 m or more, the rubber material cannot always follow a large displacement in which small displacements that continue on the seafloor are piled up or a large instantaneous displacement during an earthquake. Further, as the water-blocking material used for such a large-scale structure, a maintenance-free material is desired.

  Therefore, asphalt mastics (asphalt-based water-impervious materials) have been adopted as deformation-following water-impervious materials in managed sea surface landfills constructed at a water depth of approximately 20 m or less. The asphalt mastic includes straight asphalt (penetration 60 to 80), stone powder (less than 75 μm) and sand (particle size less than 2.5 mm). For example, this asphalt mastic is a mixture of straight asphalt: stone powder: sand at a weight ratio (%) of 20:30:50 in a state of being heated to a temperature of about 150° C. in a composite material factory. The weight ratio of the straight asphalt is the most (20%) in the range of 16% to 20% by weight of the straight asphalt specified in the port standard. Further, this asphalt mastic is a material that has been confirmed not to deteriorate even after about 40 years.

  The strength characteristics of asphalt mastic are characterized in that the strength increases as the amount of straight asphalt decreases, the temperature decreases, and the displacement speed increases. It is considered that this strength development is mainly due to the fact that the sands to be blended are brought into contact with each other one after another during deformation, so that the shear friction force gradually increases. Thus, asphalt mastic is a material whose strength increases with displacement. Therefore, as described above, in the composition in which the straight asphalt is mixed in a weight ratio of 20%, the amount of the asphalt is relatively large and the amount of the sand is small, so that the strength is not relatively expressed and the followability to the deformation is high. It has been known. However, when the sand is deformed at a low speed, since the sand moves and displaces smoothly in the asphalt, the chances of the sand rubbing against each other are reduced, and the strength is hard to develop. Therefore, when a load in one direction acts on a structure adjacent to the asphalt mastic and the asphalt mastic is slowly and significantly deformed, there is a concern that the reaction force (strength capable of withstanding the load) cannot be sufficiently exerted. is there.

Moreover, the conventional construction method of the above-mentioned asphalt mastic is as follows. That is, the asphalt mastic is manufactured in the compound material factory with the above-mentioned composition. Subsequently, the asphalt mastic, which has been cooled during transportation from the composite material factory to the construction site and whose fluidity has been lowered, is reheated in the air part of the construction site to be in a state where the fluidity is enhanced. Subsequently, the asphalt mastic with improved fluidity is transferred to a casting bucket (for example, a bucket having a capacity of 4 m ³ ) capable of maintaining a constant temperature. Then, this placing bucket is guided to the vicinity of a predetermined construction site in seawater by a crane and is suspended. Subsequently, in seawater, the diver operates the bottom opening lever of the driving bucket to cause the fluidized asphalt mastic to flow out from the bottom of the driving bucket and fill the predetermined construction site. By repeating this operation, a fixed volume of asphalt mastic is placed and a continuous water shield is constructed (see Patent Document 1). The diver who performs this work must be a person who has received training in asphalt mastic placement management.

  However, when the asphalt mastic is placed (filling work) at a depth of 20 m or more by this conventional construction method, the work efficiency is deteriorated because the diving depth of the diver is deep and the diving time is short. , Divers are at higher risk of diving sickness. That is, when a diver performs work underwater, it is necessary to perform decompression control according to the water depth. Therefore, the time during which you can perform underwater work without stopping decompression (providing time to stand by in water to safely discharge nitrogen dissolved in your body during diving work) is A dive depth of less than 10 m is possible for about 6 hours, but it is about 100 minutes at a depth of 15 m, 50 minutes at a depth of 21 m, and 25 minutes at a depth of 30 m.

  In this way, as the depth of water becomes deeper and the work time of the diver in the water becomes shorter, the work progress with the same number of divers (working efficiency) as the depth of water becomes deeper even with the same underwater work content. Will fall. As a countermeasure, increasing the number of divers and switching divers during the work can ensure the progress of work in the same process, but the deterioration of work efficiency is inevitable and a factor of cost increase. Becomes By the way, in a work at a water depth of 40 m or more, a special gas (helium mixed gas) may be used for breathing, or saturated diving may be performed when the water depth becomes deeper (for example, 100 m). These tasks can be dangerous and require specialized educated and trained divers, which can be expensive. As described above, it is desired that underwater work at a deep water depth of 20 m or more be mechanized (unmanned) without depending on a diver.

JP-A-6-228961

  As described above, in a place where the water pressure deeply acts at a depth of 20 m or more, the conventional asphalt mastic containing a relatively large amount of straight asphalt is easily deformed, and its strength may be insufficient. Moreover, the asphalt mastic casting work (filling work) at a water depth of 20 m or more has a deep diving depth and a short diving time, resulting in poor work efficiency and a high diving risk. . For this reason, underwater work at a deep water depth of 20 m or more requires mechanization without depending on a diver.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and even when filling a construction site having a depth of 20 m or more, an asphalt-based water-impervious material having strength enough to cope with the environment, and a construction site having a depth of 20 m or more. , It is an object of the present invention to provide a construction method of an asphalt-based waterproofing material that can be filled without depending on the work of a diver.

  As a means for solving the above problems, the invention relating to a first asphalt-based water blocking material is an asphalt-based water blocking material containing asphalt, stone powder and sand, wherein the asphalt has a penetration of 60 to 80. It is straight asphalt, and the straight asphalt is blended in an amount of less than 16% by weight (corresponding to the invention of claim 1).

  A second invention relating to an asphalt-based water blocking material is an asphalt-based water blocking material containing asphalt, stone powder and sand, wherein the asphalt is a straight asphalt having a penetration of 40 to 60 or 20 to 40. It is a feature (corresponding to the invention of claim 2).

  The third invention relating to an asphalt water-impervious material is an asphalt water-impervious material containing straight asphalt, stone powder and sand, wherein the particle size of the sand is 2.5 mm to 5.0 mm. (Corresponding to the invention of claim 3).

  A fourth invention relating to an asphalt water-impervious material is an asphalt water-impervious material containing asphalt, stone powder and sand, wherein the asphalt is a blown asphalt (claim 5). Equivalent to the invention).

  Further, the invention relating to the construction method of the asphalt-based water-impervious material is a construction method in which an asphalt-based water-impervious material containing asphalt, stone powder, and sand is filled in an underwater construction site, and the asphalt-based water-impervious material is blocked. After the forming step, and after the forming step, the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious material is guided to the underwater construction site and installed without depending on the work by the diver. A deformation filling step of accelerating the deformation of the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious material without depending on the work of a diver and filling the construction site to ensure water-imperviousness. (Corresponding to the invention of claim 7).

  According to the asphalt-based water impervious material according to the present invention, it is possible to have a strength that can cope with the environment even at a construction site where the water depth is 20 m or more. That is, according to the asphalt water-impervious material according to the present invention, while permitting a slight displacement of the structure and ensuring the water impermeability by following it, the reaction force against the load received from the structure is sufficiently exerted. (Grant) Further, according to the construction method of the asphalt-based water-impervious material according to the present invention, the asphalt-based water-impervious material is filled into the construction area without depending on the work of the diver, even at the construction area with a depth of 20 m or more. be able to.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a construction site of an asphalt-based water-impervious material according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a construction site of the asphalt-based water-impervious material according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 3(a) is a schematic view showing an example of a construction site of the asphalt-based water-impervious material according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention, and FIG. 3(b) is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 3(a). It is a figure. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a state in which the asphalt-based water-impervious material according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention is filled in a mold. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the asphalt-based water-impervious material according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention is released from the mold. FIG. 6 is a perspective view in which a hanging fitting is integrated with the asphalt-based water-impervious material according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 7: is a figure for demonstrating 1st Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 8: is a figure for demonstrating 1st Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 9: is a figure for demonstrating 2nd Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 10: is a figure for demonstrating 2nd Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 11: is a figure for demonstrating 3rd Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 12: is a figure for demonstrating 3rd Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 13: is a figure for demonstrating 4th Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 14: is a figure for demonstrating 5th Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 15: is a figure for demonstrating 5th Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 16: is a figure for demonstrating 6th Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 17: is a figure for demonstrating 6th Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 18: is a figure for demonstrating 6th Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 19: is a figure for demonstrating 7th Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 20: is a figure for demonstrating 7th Embodiment of the deformation filling process in the construction method of the asphalt-type water blocking material which concerns on 1st-4th Embodiment. FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining the eighth embodiment of the deformation filling step in the method for constructing an asphalt-based water blocking material according to the first to fourth embodiments.

Hereinafter, a mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
First, the asphalt-based water blocking material 1A according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. The asphalt-based water blocking material 1A according to the first embodiment includes straight asphalt, stone powder, and sand. Straight asphalt has a penetration of 60-80. The stone powder has a particle size of less than 75 μm. The particle size of sand is less than 2.5 mm.
Then, in the mixing ratio (% by weight) of the asphalt-based water-impervious material 1A according to the first embodiment, the straight asphalt having a penetration of 60 to 80 is set to less than 16%.
For example, as a specific mixing ratio (% by weight), the straight asphalt having a penetration of 60 to 80: stone powder: sand = 12:18:70.

Next, an asphalt-based water blocking material 1B according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The asphalt-based water impervious material 1B according to the second embodiment includes straight asphalt, stone powder and sand. Straight asphalt has a penetration of 40 to 60 or 20 to 40. The stone powder has a particle size of less than 75 μm. The particle size of sand is less than 2.5 mm.
Then, in the asphalt-based water-impervious material 1B according to the second embodiment, for example, as a blending ratio (wt %), a straight asphalt having a penetration of 40 to 60 or 20 to 40: stone powder: sand = 8 to 20: 12 30:50-80.

More specifically, the first blending ratio (% by weight) is straight asphalt with a penetration of 40 to 60 or 20 to 40: stone powder: sand = 20:30:50.
The second compounding ratio (% by weight) is straight asphalt having a penetration of 40 to 60 or 20 to 40: stone powder: sand=16:24:60.
The third compounding ratio (% by weight) is straight asphalt with a penetration of 40 to 60 or 20 to 40: stone powder: sand = 12:18:70.
As the fourth compounding ratio (% by weight), straight asphalt having a penetration of 40 to 60 or 20 to 40: stone powder: sand=8:12:80.

Next, an asphalt-based water impermeable material 1C according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described. The asphalt-based water impermeable material 1C according to the third embodiment includes straight asphalt, stone powder, and sand. Straight asphalt has a penetration of 60-80. The stone powder has a particle size of less than 75 μm. The particle size of sand is 2.5 to 5.0 mm.
Then, in the asphalt-based water-impervious material 1C according to the third embodiment, for example, as the first mixing ratio (% by weight), the straight asphalt having a penetration of 60 to 80: stone powder: sand = 16:24:60. .
The second compounding ratio (% by weight) is straight asphalt with a penetration of 60 to 80: stone powder: sand = 12:18:70.

The asphalt-based water blocking material 1D according to the fourth embodiment includes blown asphalt, stone powder, and sand. Blown asphalt has a penetration of 20-40. The stone powder has a particle size of less than 75 μm. The particle size of sand is less than 2.5 mm.
Then, in the asphalt-based water-impervious material 1D according to the fourth embodiment, for example, as the first mixing ratio (% by weight), the blown asphalt with a penetration of 20 to 40: stone powder: sand = 16:24:60. .
The second compounding ratio (wt%) is blown asphalt with a penetration of 20 to 40: stone powder: sand = 12:18:70.

  The asphalt-based water impervious materials 1A to 1D (hereinafter, referred to as the asphalt-based water impervious materials 1A to 1D) according to the above-described first to fourth embodiments are filled in, for example, the construction site as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. To be done. That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the present asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are filled in the lower side wall of the offshore hydraulic power dam 10 built to a water depth of 20 m or more, for example. That is, in the offshore hydraulic power dam 10, as shown in FIG. 1, a structure 11 such as a caisson is built on a rubble mound 14 composed of a large number of rubbles provided on the seabed. Then, the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are filled between the lower side wall surface of the structure 11 and the formwork structure 12 formed of a block or the like.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, in the offshore hydraulic power dam 10, an installation recess 17 is provided on the seabed, and a rubble mound 14 composed of a large number of rubble is built on the bottom of the installation recess 17, and the rubble mound is formed. When a structure 11 such as a caisson is built on 14, the asphalt-based water-impervious material 1A to 1A between the lower side wall surface of the structure 11 and the inner wall surface of the installation recess 17 in the installation recess 17. Filled with 1D. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, when constructing the seabed dome 20 at a water depth of 20 m or more, for example, an annular recess 22 that extends annularly is formed on the seabed. The peripheral end 20B of the dome body 20A is installed on the bottom surface of the annular recess 22, and the peripheral end 20B of the dome main body 20A is sandwiched from the outside and the inside of the dome main body 20A within the annular recess 22. The water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are filled.

  Then, in the above-described asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D according to the first to fourth embodiments, the conventional asphalt-based water-impervious material, that is, its compounding ratio (% by weight) has a penetration of 60 to 80. It can have higher strength than the conventional asphalt-based water-impervious material in which straight asphalt: stone powder: sand = 20:30:50. As a result, when the above-mentioned construction site, that is, the construction site is at a depth of about 20 m or more and one side of the water-blocking material is used as the water-blocking material of the structure in the air, if the conventional composition is large, There is a concern that the water barrier layer may be deformed due to water pressure and the necessary water barrier layer thickness may be lost and may not be secured, but in the asphalt-based water barrier materials 1A to 1D according to the first to fourth embodiments, it is large in terms of strength. Even in the case of water pressure, the impermeable material is deformed only at the initial displacement and the construction site is filled. For further deformation, the viscosity of straight asphalt increases the hydraulic pressure (pascal) of the asphalt-based impermeable materials 1A to 1D. In addition to the increase in the pressure stress), the frictional resistance of the sand increases, so that the reaction force (strength) from the asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D increases. As a result, the deformation from the filled shape is suppressed. In addition, the present asphalt-based water impervious materials 1A to 1D can follow the displacement of the structure that occurs after construction. That is, with the present asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D, it is possible to cope with an environment of deep water and to realize maintenance-free. It is possible to provide the present asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D having such a strength characteristic.

  In short, in the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D according to the first to fourth embodiments, even if the construction site is deeper than 20 m in water depth, the displacement of the structures 11, 12 can be allowed to follow and the water-impermeable property can be maintained. While securing, it is possible to exert a sufficient reaction force against the water pressure generated by the deformation load received from the structures 11 and 12 and the water head difference between the inside and outside of the structure.

And the construction method which fills the above-mentioned construction site (refer to Drawing 1-Drawing 3) with this asphalt-type water impervious material 1A-1D is explained based on Drawing 4-Drawing 21.
First, as a molding step, the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are heated in a mix yard or in a land yard such as a construction site to increase fluidity, as shown in FIG. It is filled in the mold 20 and the like, and after a lapse of time, it is cooled to a temperature equivalent to be solidified and molded into a block shape. In addition, it is preferable to apply or attach a release material or the like to the inner surface of the mold 20 to facilitate the mold release. Further, when the present asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are molded into a block shape, for example, referring to FIG. The area is reduced, and the height is increased so that the volume is the same as the volume at the time of filling. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5, the mold 20 is removed from the block-shaped main asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D. As a result, the present asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are formed in a block shape that can be transferred. In addition, although the basic shape of the asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D is the block shape described above, it is formed into a shape corresponding to the deformation filling step based on the embodiment in the deformation filling step described later. It

  Then, an installation process is implemented. That is, in the installation step, the block-shaped asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D are integrally coupled to the block-shaped asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D. 26 (see FIG. 6) to carry it by lifting and guide it to the above-mentioned construction site (see FIGS. 1 to 3) to set it. In addition, guidance of the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D in water is performed by using techniques such as GPS surveying at the crane position (not shown) and transponders (not shown), and at the installation site. An automatic ball removing device (not shown) is used. In this way, when installing the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D at the construction site, no installation work by a diver is required in this installation process.

Then, a deformation filling process is implemented. In the deformation filling step, without depending on the work by the diver, for example, the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D installed between the structures 11 and 12 as the construction site shown in FIG. 1 are deformed. By adopting a form that facilitates the deformation, that is, promotes the deformation thereof, the structures 11 and 12 at the construction site are filled so as to be in close contact with each other without a gap, thereby ensuring the water impermeability. Specific embodiments thereof will be described below.
First, the first embodiment in the deformation filling step will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a block-shaped present asphalt-based water-impervious material is used in a mix factory or in a land yard at a construction site after the molding step and before the installation step. A quicklime sealing bag 27 is attached to the bottom surface of 1A to 1D. The quicklime sealing bag 27 is formed by sealing quicklime (calcium oxide) inside. Then, in the installation step, the asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D are installed, for example, between the structures 11 and 12 at the construction site shown in FIG. Then, in the subsequent deforming and filling step, the quicklime sealing bag 27 is crushed by its own weight of the asphalt water-impervious materials 1A to 1D, and the bottom surface thereof is broken by the protrusion from the installation surface of the construction site, so that the inside of the site is broken. Water seeps into.

  After that, the block-shaped main asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are heated by the exothermic reaction of the quick lime (calcium oxide) due to the contact with the water that has entered the quick-lime sealing bag 27. As a result, the block-shaped, asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D installed in the construction site (for example, between the structures 11 and 12) are heated and become easily deformed. Then, as shown in FIG. 8B, the deformation of the present asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D, for example, allows the structures 11 and 12 at the construction site to be in close contact with each other to ensure water impermeability. You can

  Next, a second embodiment in the deformation filling step will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. In the second embodiment, after the molding step and before the installation step, as shown in FIG. 9, the block-shaped present asphalt-based water-impervious material is used in the mix yard or the land yard of the construction site. A quicklime sealing bag 27 is attached to the bottom surface of 1A to 1D. Immediately before the installation step, when the block-shaped asphalt-based asphalt 1A to 1D is lifted via the suspending metal fitting 26, the perforation tool 32 is suspended from the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D. The punch 32 has a shape similar to a thumbtack or the like, and is configured by a needle protruding from a circular head. When the perforation tool 32 is suspended, the perforation tool 32 is suspended from the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D so that the needle faces the quicklime sealing bag 27. Then, in the installation step, as shown in FIG. 10( a ), the present asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1</b>A to 1</b>D are shown in FIG. 10( a) with the quicklime sealing bag 27 and the perforation tool 32 attached. It is installed between the structures 11 and 12 at the construction site.

  Then, in the subsequent deformation filling step, the bottom of the quicklime sealing bag 27 is perforated by the needle of the perforation tool 32, so that water permeates into the interior through the hole. After that, the block-shaped main asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are heated by the exothermic reaction of the quick lime (calcium oxide) due to the contact with the water that has entered the quick-lime sealing bag 27. As a result, the block-shaped, asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D installed in the construction site (for example, between the structures 11 and 12) are heated and become easily deformed. And as shown in FIG.10(b), the said asphalt water-impervious materials 1A-1D are adhered by the deformation|transformation, for example, between the structures 11 and 12 of a construction site, and water-proof is secured. You can

  Next, a third embodiment in the deformation filling step will be described based on FIGS. 11 and 12. In the third embodiment, the quick lime sealed bag 27 is easily attached to the bottom surface of the quick lime sealed bag 27 (the surface that comes into contact with the installation surface of the construction site) by the self-weight of the asphalt-based waterproofing material 1A to 1D after the installation process. A weakening line 34 is provided so as to be broken. The weakening line 34 is formed by forming a large number of cuts like perforations along the longitudinal direction on the bottom surface of the quicklime sealing bag 27. A plurality of weakening lines 34 may be provided at intervals. As a result, during the installation step, as shown in FIG. 12(a), when the present asphalt-based water blocking material 1A to 1D is installed at the construction site (for example, between the structures 11 and 12), the subsequent assembling filling step The quicklime sealing bag 27 is crushed by its own weight, and the quicklime sealing bag 27 is broken along the weakening line 34, so that water enters the inside thereof.

  After that, due to the exothermic reaction of the quick lime (calcium oxide) due to the contact with the water that has entered the quick lime sealing bag 27, the block-shaped present asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are heated and become easily deformed. Then, as shown in FIG. 12(b), the present asphalt-based water blocking material 1A to 1D is, for example, adhered between the structures 11 and 12 at the construction site by its deformation to ensure water blocking. You can In this embodiment, when the width of the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D in the front view is L and the outer peripheral length of the quicklime sealing bag 27 is L', 2L>L'. It is more preferable to set the outer peripheral length L′ of the quicklime sealing bag 27. As a result, when the quicklime sealing bag 27 is crushed by its own weight of the present asphalt-based waterproofing material 1A to 1D and the quicklime sealing bag 27 is broken along the weakening line 34, the exothermic reaction of quicklime (calcium oxide) is The asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D can effectively spread over the entire bottom surface without escaping outward from the bottom surface.

  Next, a fourth embodiment in the deformation filling step will be described with reference to FIG. In the fourth embodiment, a plurality of thermocouples 28 are integrated inside or on the surface of the block-shaped asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D during the molding process or before the installation process. A cable (electric wire) 29 extending from the thermocouple 28 is arranged to extend upward from the upper surfaces of the block-shaped main asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D, whereby the block-shaped main asphalt-based water blocking material 1A. It is possible to prevent the cable 29 from interfering with the adjacent structures 11 and 12 when installing 1D to the construction site (for example, between the structures 11 and 12). Then, in the deforming and filling step after the installation step, by energizing each thermocouple 28 in the asphalt-based waterproofing material 1A to 1D via the cable 29 at sea, a block-shaped asphalt-based waterproofing material is provided. 1A to 1D are heated and become easily deformed. Due to the deformation, the present asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D are brought into close contact with, for example, the structures 11 and 12 at the construction site to ensure water blocking. In the case of this embodiment, the covered cable 29 is used so as to prevent electric leakage and heat leakage in the underwater portion.

  Next, a fifth embodiment in the deformation filling step will be described based on FIGS. 14 and 15. In the fifth embodiment, immediately before the installation step, that is, immediately before the block-shaped main asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D are lifted through the hanging metal fittings 26, as shown in FIG. On the upper surface of the water materials 1A to 1D, a weight 36 such as a substantially rectangular metal plate material or concrete plate material is placed. Then, in the installation step, as shown in FIG. 15( a ), the asphalt water-impervious materials 1</b>A to 1</b>D together with the weight 36 are hung up via the hanging metal fittings 26 to be installed on the construction site (for example, between the structures 11 and 12 ). Install. Then, in the subsequent deforming and filling step, as shown in FIG. 15B, the weight 36 deforms the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D so that the height in the vertical direction becomes low, The structure 11 and 12 at the construction site can be tightly adhered to each other to ensure water impermeability. The weight 36 has a shorter length (width) longer than the shorter length (width) of the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D before the installation step, and has a longer length. The length in the direction is longer than the length in the longitudinal direction of the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D. As a result, by the weight 36, the block-shaped main asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D can be deformed so that the height in the vertical direction is lowered substantially locally rather than locally in the deformation filling step.

  Next, a sixth embodiment in the deformation filling step will be described with reference to FIGS. In the sixth embodiment, during the molding step, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 18, the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D have a trapezoidal shape in which the top side length is longer than the bottom side length in a front view shape, and The side view shape is formed into a block shape having a parallelogram shape. Then, in the installation step, as shown in FIG. 17A, the block-shaped main asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are installed at the construction site (for example, between the structures 11 and 12). Then, in the subsequent deforming and filling step, as shown in FIG. 17(b), the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are self-weight-deformed such that the height in the vertical direction becomes low. The structure 11 and 12 are closely attached to each other to ensure water impermeability. Further, during the installation step, when arranging the present asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D in series along the longitudinal direction, as shown in FIG. Along with each other so that they overlap each other. Then, in the deforming and filling step after the installation step, the asphalt-based waterproofing materials 1A to 1D are deformed by their own weight so that the height in the vertical direction becomes low, so that the adjacent asphalt-based waterproofing materials 1A to 1D are The ends come into close contact with each other.

  Next, a seventh embodiment in the deformation filling step will be described with reference to FIGS. 19 and 20. In the seventh embodiment, at the time of the molding step, as shown in FIG. 19, the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are formed in an arc shape in which the top surface and the bottom surface thereof project downward in a front view, Moreover, it is formed into a block shape having a parallelogram shape in a side view. In a front view, the circumferential lengths L′ of the arc-shaped bottom surface and the top surface are set to, for example, the distance L between the structures 11 and 12 at the construction site. Then, in the installation step, as shown in FIG. 20A, the block-shaped asphalt-based waterproofing materials 1A to 1D are installed at a construction site (for example, between the structures 11 and 12). Then, in the subsequent deforming and filling step, as shown in FIG. 20(b), the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are reduced in height in the vertical direction on both sides in a front view, and the vertical direction of the whole is reduced. By performing self-weight deformation such that the height of the structure becomes low, for example, the structures 11 and 12 at the construction site can be closely contacted with each other to ensure water impermeability. Furthermore, as in the sixth embodiment, when the asphalt-based waterproofing materials 1A to 1D are arranged in series along the longitudinal direction during the installation step, the adjacent asphalt-based waterproofing materials 1A to 1D are lengthened. Arrange them so that they overlap each other along the direction. As a result, the present asphalt-based water impervious materials 1A to 1D are self-weight-deformed so that the height in the vertical direction becomes low, so that the end portions of the adjacent asphalt-based water impervious materials 1A to 1D come into close contact with each other. become.

  Note that the above-described first to seventh embodiments of the deformation filling step can be combined as appropriate and employed. For example, as an eighth embodiment of the deforming and filling step, as shown in FIG. 21, an arc shape adopted in the seventh embodiment and shown in FIG. In the first to third embodiments, the block-shaped main asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D are formed on the bottom surface and the top surface of the block-shaped main asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D. The adopted quicklime sealing bags 27, 27 shown in FIGS. 7, 9 and 11 are respectively attached, and the weight shown in FIG. 14 adopted in the fifth embodiment is further mounted on the upper quicklime sealed bag 27. 36 is mounted.

  Then, in the installation step, the block-shaped main asphalt-based water blocking materials 1A to 1D are installed at a construction site (for example, between the structures 11 and 12). Then, in the subsequent deforming and filling step, the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are deformed by the weight 36 so that the height in the vertical direction becomes low, and the quicklime sealing bags 27 and 27 arranged above and below, respectively. The block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are heated by crushing and breaking, and water invades into the quick-lime sealing bags 27, 27 and the exothermic reaction of quick-lime causes heat. Then, the block 36 and the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are promoted to be deformed by heating due to the exothermic reaction of the weight 36 and quick lime, and the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are the structures 11 of the construction site. , 12 can be surely adhered to each other to secure the water blocking property.

  In the construction method of the present asphalt-based water impervious materials 1A to 1D described above, the present asphalt-based water impervious materials 1A to 1D are formed into blocks in the forming step. Subsequently, in the installation step, the block-shaped main asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are installed, for example, at the construction site shown in FIG. 1 without depending on the work by the diver. Subsequently, in the deformation filling step, the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D are promoted to be deformed without depending on the work by the diver, and filling is performed so as to be closely attached to the construction site (gap or the like). can do. In this way, this construction method basically improves the safety because no work is required by the diver. Moreover, since the uncertainty in construction can be reduced, a highly accurate process plan can be drafted, and the construction according to the process can be realized.

  In addition, the construction method according to the present embodiment has been described as a method of filling the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D according to the above-described first to fourth embodiments in a construction site, but as a mixing ratio (% by weight), Straight asphalt with a penetration of 60 to 80: stone powder: sand = 20:30:50 Asphalt-based water-impervious materials manufactured with other compounding ratios, including conventional asphalt-based water-impervious materials, are applied to the construction site. It can also be applied when filling.

  In addition, the construction method according to the present embodiment will be described as a construction method in which asphalt-based water-impervious materials including the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D according to the first to fourth embodiments are filled in a construction site having a water depth of 20 m or more. However, as a matter of course, it is also possible to adopt the asphalt-based water-impervious material including the asphalt-based water-impervious materials 1A to 1D according to the first to fourth embodiments as a method for filling a construction site having a water depth of 20 m or less. Is.

  1A, 1B, 1C, 1D Asphalt waterproofing material, 27 quicklime sealing bag, 36 weights

Claims (12)

An asphalt-based water-impervious material containing asphalt, stone powder and sand,
The asphalt is a straight asphalt having a penetration of 60 to 80,
An asphalt-based water-impervious material comprising the straight asphalt in an amount of less than 16% by weight. An asphalt-based water-impervious material containing asphalt, stone powder and sand,
The asphalt is a straight asphalt having a penetration of 40 to 60 or 20 to 40, which is an asphalt-based water-impervious material. An asphalt-based water blocking material containing straight asphalt, stone powder and sand,
A particle size of the sand is 2.5 mm to 5.0 mm.   The asphalt-based water-impervious material according to claim 3, wherein the straight asphalt has a penetration of 60 to 80. An asphalt-based water-impervious material containing asphalt, stone powder and sand,
The asphalt is a blown asphalt, which is an asphalt-based water-impervious material.   The asphalt-based water impervious material according to claim 5, wherein the blown asphalt has a penetration of 20 to 40. A construction method of filling an underwater construction site with an asphalt-based water blocking material containing asphalt, stone powder and sand,
A molding step of molding the asphalt-based water-impervious material into a block shape,
After the molding step, an installation step of installing and guiding the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious material to the underwater construction site without depending on the work by the diver,
After the installation step, without depending on work by a diver, a deformation filling step of promoting deformation of the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious material and filling the construction site to ensure water impermeability,
A method of constructing an asphalt-based water-impervious material, which comprises:   The method for constructing an asphalt-based water-impervious material according to claim 7, wherein, in the deformation filling step, the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious material is heated to accelerate its deformation. After the molding step, in a step before the installation step, a quicklime sealing bag obtained by sealing quicklime is attached to the surface of the block-shaped asphalt-based waterproofing material,
In the deformation filling step, by utilizing the exothermic reaction of quicklime due to contact with water that has entered the quicklime sealed bag, the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious material is heated to promote its deformation. The method for constructing an asphalt-based water impervious material according to claim 8.   The said deformation filling process WHEREIN: The deformation|transformation of the said block-shaped asphalt type water-impervious material is accelerated|stimulated by the weight previously mounted on the upper surface of the said block-shaped asphalt-type water-impervious material. Construction method of asphalt-based impermeable material.   In the deforming and filling step, the block-shaped asphalt-based water-impervious water-blocking shape is a trapezoid whose top side length is longer than bottom side length when viewed from the front, or arcuate shapes whose upper and lower surfaces project downward in the front view. The method for constructing an asphalt-based water blocking material according to claim 7, wherein the deformation of the block-shaped asphalt-based water blocking material is promoted by utilizing the weight of the material.   The method for constructing an asphalt-based waterproof material according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the asphalt-based waterproof material is the asphalt-based waterproof material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.