JP2020074320A - Stacked storage battery and storage battery system including the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a thin stacked storage battery capable of being rapidly charged and discharged and capable of achieving a high output voltage, and a storage battery system in which the stacked storage battery is used.SOLUTION: A stacked storage battery 1 includes at least one storage battery module, and the storage battery module includes a series circuit of a plurality of single cells 5. In the series circuit of a plurality of single cells 5, at least one of a negative electrode active material 12 and a positive electrode active material 11 is formed by coating or printing on at least one of one main surface and the other main surface of an electrode plate 15, respectively, and two or more electrode plates 15 are stacked with a separator 10 sandwiched therebetween.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a laminated storage battery and a storage battery system using the same, and more particularly to a laminated storage battery in which thin unit cells are stacked to form a multilayer structure and a storage battery system using the same.

  Storage batteries (secondary batteries) have a long history of being adopted as the first energy source for trains and automobiles. Eventually, in order to supply a larger amount of energy to the moving body, the electric train was replaced by the electric power supply via the overhead line and the third track, and the car was replaced by the fossil fuel heat engine, but due to the recent improvement in battery performance, Batteries such as electric trains, hybrid cars, electric cars, etc., which are driven by the recovered electric power are mounted on moving bodies again to contribute to higher efficiency and energy saving. Batteries are now playing a central role as energy sources for mobile devices, including electronic devices such as personal computers and mobile phones.

  On the other hand, for power supply at a fixed point, a power system based on AC transformation has been generalized. However, the recent development of power electronics has enabled DC transformation, and DC transmission with low transmission loss and low withstand voltage has advanced in the high voltage region. A power system that should always balance power generation and consumption cannot cope with large power consumption or supply fluctuations in a short time, and cannot operate efficiently, such as by taking a permanent oversupply system. Since this is a problem, there is a high expectation for high efficiency and energy saving in supplying and storing large electric power (short-time large electric current) using a DC battery.

  The advantages of batteries with such high utility and popularization / development are that they can store electricity as secondary batteries and can charge and discharge large currents in a short time, that is, they can supply and receive large amounts of power. .. The secondary battery has, for example, a power conversion function of storing a small amount of electric power for a long time and discharging a large amount of electric power in a short time.

  However, in the conventional battery, the power is changed by the current per unit time, but the voltage is not converted. If there is a battery that can freely convert and use electric power and voltage, the range of application of the battery will be further expanded.

  A conventional general secondary battery is constructed by stacking a sheet-shaped positive electrode plate, a separator, and a negative electrode plate in this order and winding them in a coil or repeatedly bending them, and the capacity thereof is proportional to the area of the sheet. However, in such a structure, there is a risk that the temperature of the central portion of the winding structure and the inside of the bending structure rises and the battery explodes due to high-power charging / discharging. Moreover, if the separator quality is not maintained over a wide sheet surface, a fire may occur due to a short circuit or the like. Although various measures against heat dissipation and thorough quality control have been tried, it is considered that the conventional secondary battery structure cannot fully exert the high-power charging / discharging function inherent in the battery.

  There is also known a “three-dimensional” battery that develops from a conventional secondary battery that depends on the area of a planar battery as described above and tries to secure capacity by the volume of a three-dimensional structure. For example, in Patent Document 1, a negative electrode cell and a positive electrode cell are provided via a separator, a negative electrode cell is loaded with a negative electrode active material together with an electrolyte solution, and a positive electrode cell is loaded with an electrolyte solution together with a positive electrode active material. A battery structure is shown with a current collector in the cell. Since this “three-dimensional” battery has higher heat dissipation performance than conventional secondary batteries, in addition to ensuring safety during high-power charging and discharging, conductive powder and resin are added to the powder that becomes the active material. In addition, since the cured active material molded body has a three-dimensional electrode structure integrated with at least one of a separator, a partition wall, and a current collector, it is possible to solve the problems of assembly time and cost during battery production. Become. However, since this battery has a three-dimensional structure, in order to connect cells in series to increase the voltage, a larger volume is required, which hinders size and weight reduction and may increase the manufacturing cost. ..

International Publication No. 2003/028142 Pamphlet

  In order to realize a battery that can freely convert and use electric power and voltage, it is necessary to first have a structure that allows the battery's original high-power charging / discharging function to be exhibited to the maximum. Since the secondary battery is constructed by winding a large area of positive electrode thin film and negative electrode thin film in a coil shape or by repeatedly bending it, rapid increase of power consumption due to internal temperature rise and short circuit / breakage of thin film There is a risk of destruction or burning due to charge and discharge.

  In addition, the “three-dimensional” battery described in Patent Document 1 makes the active material into particles and utilizes the chemical reaction at each surface area, and the capacity of the storage battery is the total surface area of the particles, that is, the volume of the particle group. Since they are proportional to each other, there is no portion where heat is concentrated even if the capacity is increased (increased in volume), and rapid charge / discharge with large power is possible. However, the volume for securing a certain capacity is large, and it is not suitable for the field where small size and light weight are required, and there is a problem that it becomes larger and heavier when trying to increase the series voltage in order to freely convert and use the voltage. ..

  Therefore, the first problem to be solved by the present invention is that the power and voltage can be freely converted and used, the battery can withstand rapid charge / discharge with large power, and the number of stackable units can be considered in terms of volume, weight, and cost. It is an object of the present invention to provide a stacked type storage battery which has small restrictions and can easily achieve high voltage.

  The direct current used in medical and industrial X-ray generators and direct current power transmission has a high voltage of tens of thousands of volts or more. Therefore, the alternating current is first stepped up by a transformer and then converted to direct current by a rectifier. In such fields, the application of batteries is difficult and the opportunity to use energy efficiently and economically is blocked.

  As a method of boosting the battery power source, there are a method of converting direct current into alternating current by an inverter, a transformer to boost it, and a rectifier to return it to direct current, and a method of directly boosting with a DC / DC converter. The former is wasteful, and the latter is a high cost method such as increasing the current by parallel connection and increasing the voltage by series connection because the power device that chops the current has the limitation of current and voltage.

  Therefore, the second problem to be solved by the present invention is to make a large current directly at a high voltage without performing inefficient AC conversion and without frequently using expensive power devices, thereby reducing power and voltage. It is to provide a storage battery system that can be freely converted and used.

  In order to solve the first problem, the stacked storage battery according to the present invention includes at least one storage battery module, the storage battery module includes a series circuit of a plurality of cells, the series circuit of the plurality of cells is And forming at least one of a negative electrode active material and a positive electrode active material on at least one of the one and the other main surfaces of the electrode plate by coating or printing, and stacking two or more electrode plates with a separator interposed therebetween. Characterize.

  According to the present invention, the positive electrode active material or the negative electrode active material is formed by coating or printing on the surface of the electrode plate, and has a structure in which the unit cells are connected in series by forming a laminated structure in which the separator is sandwiched between the electrode plates. It is possible to provide a laminated storage battery having a high output voltage despite being extremely thin.

  In the present invention, the unit cell includes the separator disposed between the first and second electrode plates adjacent to each other in the stacking direction, the negative electrode active material formed on the first electrode plate, and the separator. The positive electrode active material formed on the second electrode plate so as to face the negative electrode active material via the space between the first and second electrode plates to seal the separator, It is preferable to include packing for confining the negative electrode active material and the positive electrode active material in the closed space, and an electrolytic solution loaded in the closed space together with the separator, the negative electrode active material and the positive electrode active material.

  In the present invention, the electrode plate at one end in the stacking direction constitutes a negative electrode current collector in which only the negative electrode active material is formed on the other main surface and the positive electrode active material is not formed on one main surface. The electrode plate at the other end in the stacking direction constitutes a positive electrode current collector in which only a positive electrode active material is formed on one main surface and a negative electrode active material is not formed on the other main surface, The electrode plate located between the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector constitutes a partition wall disposed between two unit cells adjacent to each other in the stacking direction, and the other main surface of the partition wall. It is preferable that the negative electrode active material is formed on the first surface and the positive electrode active material is formed on one main surface of the partition wall.

  The stack type storage battery according to the present invention preferably has a plurality of the storage battery modules stacked in the stacking direction and connected in parallel with each other. According to this configuration, a large direct current can be generated at a high voltage without using a large number of power devices, which can reduce costs, improve conversion efficiency, and simplify the system.

  In the laminated storage battery according to the present invention, the respective storage battery modules are oriented in the same direction so that the current collectors of opposite polarities of the two storage battery modules adjacent to each other in the stacking direction face each other through the insulating plate. Preferably.

  In the laminated storage battery according to the present invention, it is also preferable that the orientations of the respective storage battery modules are alternately inverted so that the external electrodes having the same polarity of the two storage battery modules adjacent to each other in the stacking direction face each other.

  In the laminated storage battery according to the present invention, at the boundary position between the two storage battery modules, a negative electrode current collector having a negative electrode active material forming one storage battery module and a positive electrode active material forming the other storage battery module are provided. It is also preferable that the formed positive electrode current collector is made common and is composed of one electrode plate.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the electrode plate is made of nickel foil or a nickel steel plate, the negative electrode active material is made of zinc, iron or a hydrogen storage alloy, and the positive electrode active material is made of nickel hydroxide or manganese oxyhydroxide.

  In order to solve the second problem, the storage battery system according to the present invention is a plurality of stacked storage batteries having the above characteristics, a charging circuit that charges each of the plurality of stacked storage batteries, and the plurality of stacked batteries. It is characterized by comprising a series circuit wiring for connecting the storage batteries in series, and a relay switch array for switching the connection destination of each external terminal of the plurality of laminated storage batteries.

  In the present invention, the relay switch array is configured such that the relay switch array connects the external terminals of each of the plurality of laminated storage batteries to a series circuit wiring during the discharging operation of the plurality of laminated storage batteries, A series circuit of a laminated storage battery is configured, and at the time of the first charging operation of the plurality of laminated storage batteries, the external terminals of each of the plurality of laminated storage batteries are connected to the charging circuit to provide the plurality of laminated storage batteries. It is preferable to individually charge each of the plurality of stacked type storage batteries with a voltage lower than the output voltage of the series circuit. According to the present invention, a high-voltage power supply is used when power is taken out, and low-voltage charging is possible when charging. Therefore, it is possible to provide a storage battery system which is thin and capable of rapid charge / discharge and which can realize a high output voltage.

  In the present invention, the relay switch array is configured such that the external terminals of the plurality of laminated storage batteries are connected to the series circuit wiring during the second charging operation of the plurality of laminated storage batteries, and It is also preferable to charge the series circuit of the plurality of stacked rechargeable batteries at a low voltage higher than the output voltage of each of the rechargeable batteries. According to the present invention, not only low voltage charging but also high voltage charging can be supported.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to freely convert and use electric power and voltage, withstand rapid charging / discharging with large electric power, and the number of stackable layers is small in terms of volume, weight, and cost, and high voltage can be easily applied It is possible to realize a stackable storage battery that can be realized. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to directly generate a large current with a high voltage by using a secondary battery without performing inefficient AC conversion and without frequently using expensive power devices. It is possible to realize a storage battery system that can be converted into and used.

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of the structure of the laminated storage battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the laminated storage battery of FIG. FIGS. 3A to 3C are cross-sectional views for schematically explaining the structure of the laminated storage battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a storage battery system configured by using the above-mentioned laminated storage battery.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of the structure of the laminated storage battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the laminated storage battery of FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the laminated storage battery 1 according to the present embodiment is a three-layer laminated type, in which three unit cells 5 (5A, 5B, 5C) are directly connected. The unit cell 5 includes a positive electrode cell 5p and a negative electrode cell 5n that face each other with a separator 10 in between. The positive electrode cell 5p is loaded with the electrolytic solution 13 and the positive electrode active material 11, and the negative electrode cell 5n is electrolyzed. The negative electrode active material 12 is loaded together with the liquid 13.

  The electrode plates 15 and 15 at one end and the other end of the stack type storage battery 1 in the stacking direction (Z-axis direction) form a positive electrode current collector 15A and a negative electrode current collector 15B, respectively. Therefore, the positive electrode active material 11 is formed on the other main surface (lower surface) of the positive electrode current collector 15A, but no active material is formed on the other main surface (upper surface) of the positive electrode collector 15A. It only constitutes the external terminal surface. Further, the negative electrode active material 12 is formed on one main surface (upper surface) of the negative electrode current collector 15B, but the active material is not formed on the other main surface (lower surface). It only constitutes the terminal surface.

  On the other hand, the plurality of electrode plates 15 at the intermediate position in the stacking direction of the stacked storage battery 1 constitutes a partition wall 15C between two adjacent single cells 5 and 5, and each single cell 5 is separated by the partition wall 15C. It is connected in series. The partition wall 15C is an electrode plate common to the upper and lower cells 5 and 5, and the negative electrode active material 12 formed on one main surface (upper surface) of the partition wall 15C is vertically adjacent to the partition wall 15C. The positive electrode active material 11 that is a constituent element of the upper unit cell 5 of the unit cells 5 and 5 and is formed on the other main surface (lower surface) of the partition wall 15C is one of the two unit cells 5 and 5. It is a constituent element of the lower unit cell 5. As described above, since both surfaces of the electrode plate 15 constituting the partition wall 15C are used as the active material formation surface, the very thin laminated storage battery 1 can be easily manufactured.

  The space sandwiched between the two vertically adjacent electrode plates 15 and 15 is sealed with packing 14, and the positive electrode active material 11, the separator 10, the negative electrode active material 12 and the electrolytic solution 13 that form the unit cell 5 are It is enclosed in a closed space formed by the upper and lower electrode plates 15 and 15 and the packing 14. That is, the space between the positive electrode current collector 15A and the partition wall 15C, the negative electrode current collector 15B and the partition wall 15C, and the space between the two partition walls 15C and 15C is the space for forming the unit cell 5.

  As the positive electrode active material 11, for example, nickel hydroxide or manganese oxyhydroxide can be used, and as the negative electrode active material 12, zinc, iron or hydrogen storage alloy can be used. The separator 10 is made of a substance that can be electrically insulated without deterioration such as corrosion in an alkaline electrolyte and allows ions to pass therethrough, and is made of unglazed, ion-exchange resin film, polymer fiber or the like. More specifically, a woven or non-woven fabric such as tetrafluoroethylene resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, or a membrane filter can be used.

  The positive electrode active material 11 and the negative electrode active material 12 are formed by coating or printing on the surface of the electrode plate 15 constituting the positive electrode current collector 15A, the negative electrode current collector 15B or the partition wall 15C. In particular, the negative electrode active material 12 is formed on one main surface of the electrode plate 15 constituting the partition wall 15C, and the positive electrode active material 11 is formed on the other main surface. The electrode plate 15 is made of a conductive material that does not change properties such as corrosion in an alkaline electrolyte and does not allow ions to pass through. It is made of nickel metal plate, nickel metal foil, carbon, iron plated with nickel, stainless steel. A nickel-plated product (nickel-plated steel plate), a carbon-nickel-plated product, or the like can be used, and it is particularly preferable to use a nickel metal foil or a nickel-plated steel plate.

  In this embodiment, the planar shape of the electrode plate 15 is a strip shape elongated in the X-axis direction in the drawing, and the thickness thereof is preferably 8 to 10 μm. Such an electrode plate 15 is harder than a so-called membrane battery sheet and softer than a granular battery partition. The output voltage of the storage battery is increased by stacking such storage battery modules in the Z-axis direction.

  In addition, the positive electrode active material 11 and the negative electrode active material 12 according to the present embodiment are not powdered, granular, or plate-shaped moldings obtained by adding a conductive filler and a resin and curing the same, but fine particles of the active material. It is a thin film that is formed very thin and uniform on the surface of the electrode plate 15 by applying or printing the containing slurry. With such a structure, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the storage battery as a whole and to increase the pressure and capacity by super stacking. Further, since the flat structure is a laminated structure, there is no portion where heat is concentrated even if the capacity is increased (increased volume), and it is possible to increase the capacity and improve the charge / discharge characteristics.

  Explaining more specifically an example of the thickness of each layer of the storage battery according to the present embodiment, the thicknesses of the positive electrode active material 11, the separator 10, the negative electrode active material 12, and the electrode plate 15 (negative electrode current collector 15B or partition 15C) are as follows. They are 53.5 μm, 8 μm, 23.5 μm and 8 μm, respectively. Therefore, the thickness of the unit cell 5 is 93 μm, which is 93 × 3 + 8 = 287 μm in the case of the three-layer laminated type. The additional 8 μm is the thickness of the electrode plate 15 (positive electrode collector 15A) at one end. Thus, the laminated storage battery 1 according to the present embodiment has a very thin structure.

  When the voltage of the unit cell 5 is 1.2V, for example, the output voltage of the three-layer laminated type is 3.6V. When applying the laminated storage battery 1 to produce a secondary battery for general household appliances, it is necessary to bring 1.2V obtained from a single battery close to the output voltage (3.7V) of a lithium ion battery which is already popular. However, a secondary battery for general household use, which is equivalent to a lithium ion battery, can be realized by using such a three-cell laminated structure.

  Further, for example, when the output voltage of the unit cells 5 is 1.2V and when the stacked storage battery 1 requires a high output voltage of 600V, it is necessary to connect 500 unit cells 5 in series. In this case, the total thickness of the laminated storage battery 1 is 93 × 500 + 8≈46.5 mm. As described above, the stacked storage battery 1 according to the present embodiment can realize a high output voltage with a very thin structure.

  In the manufacture of the laminated storage battery 1 according to the present embodiment, first, a negative electrode current collector 15B formed by coating the negative electrode active material 12 on one main surface of an electrode plate such as a nickel-plated steel plate is prepared. The frame-type packing 14 is attached to one main surface of the electric body 15B. After the separator 10 is loaded in the packing 14, the upper opening of the packing 14 is covered with the partition wall 15C. The partition wall 15C has the negative electrode active material 12 and the positive electrode active material 11 formed on one and the other main surfaces of the electrode plate 15, respectively, and is covered so that the surface on which the positive electrode active material 11 is formed faces downward. By the above, one unit cell is completed.

  After that, the packing 14 is attached, the separator 10 is loaded, and the partition 15C is repeatedly attached to stack the cells. Then, after reaching the planned number of stacked layers, the positive electrode current collector 15A made of an electrode plate having only the positive electrode active material 11 formed on the other main surface is covered on the upper opening of the packing 14 of the uppermost layer. The electrolytic solution may be filled at the time of assembling the individual unit cells, or may be filled through a filling hole provided in each packing 14 after assembling all the unit cells.

  As described above, the laminated storage battery 1 according to the present embodiment is provided with a plurality of electrode plates 15 each having the positive electrode active material 11 and the negative electrode active material 12 formed on one and the other main surfaces by coating or printing. Since it has a structure in which the unit cells 5 are connected in series by forming the electrode plates 15 in multiple layers with the separator 10 sandwiched between them, it is possible to realize an extremely thin storage battery having a high output voltage.

  FIGS. 3A to 3C are cross-sectional views for schematically explaining the structure of the laminated storage battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  The features of the laminated storage batteries 2A to 2C according to the present embodiment are, for example, that the laminated storage battery 1 having the three-cell laminated structure shown in FIG. 4 is stacked and the storage battery modules 4 are connected in parallel to increase the capacity of the entire storage battery. Note that the number of stacked storage battery modules 4 is determined by the output capacity required for the stacked storage batteries 2A to 2C, and is not limited to three layers and may be any number.

  The stacked storage battery 2A shown in FIG. 3 (a) includes a plurality of storage battery modules 4 stacked in the stacking direction (Z-axis direction) of the single cells and the positive electrode current collectors 15A of the storage battery modules 4 respectively. It is provided with a positive electrode short circuit wire 19A to be connected and a negative electrode short circuit wire 19B to connect the negative electrode current collectors 15B of each of the plurality of storage battery modules 4, and all the storage battery modules 4 are laminated in the same direction. ..

  The positive electrode current collectors 15A of each storage battery module 4 are connected to each other via the positive electrode short-circuit wiring 19A, and the negative electrode current collectors 15B are connected to each other via the negative electrode short-circuit wiring 19B. Are connected in parallel via a positive electrode short circuit wire 19A and a negative electrode short circuit wire 19B. Each of the storage battery modules 4 is arranged such that the two externally adjacent storage battery modules 4 and 4 having opposite polarities, that is, the positive electrode current collector 15A and the negative electrode current collector 15B face each other via the insulating plate 18. Are set in the same direction. In this way, by interposing the insulating plate 18 between the upper and lower storage battery modules 4 and 4, the two can be insulated and separated.

  The laminated storage battery 2A according to the present embodiment can ensure a battery capacity four times that of the laminated storage battery shown in FIG. Further, since it is not necessary to increase the electrode area of the unit cell in order to increase the battery capacity, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the quality of the storage battery due to the non-uniformity of the in-plane quality of the active material. Since electricity flows in the direction orthogonal to the electrode plates 15 and the positive electrode short-circuit wiring 19A and the negative electrode short-circuit wiring 19B connecting the electrode plates 15 are extended in the direction orthogonal to the electrode plate 15, the cross-sectional area is large and the length is long. It is possible to use a wiring having an extremely short length, which allows a large current to flow.

  The laminated storage battery 2B shown in FIG. 3 (b) is an improvement of the laminated storage battery 2A shown in FIG. 3 (a), and the external electrodes of the same polarity of two adjacent storage battery modules 4 (positive electrode collector). 15A, 15A, or the negative electrode current collectors 15B, 15B) face each other so that the orientations of the storage battery modules 4 are alternately inverted. That is, in the laminated storage battery 2B, the positive and negative directions of the unit cells are reversed every three cells and stacked alternately. According to this configuration, the insulating plate 18 is unnecessary, and the positive electrode short circuit wiring 19A and the negative electrode short circuit wiring 19B can be simplified.

  The laminated storage battery 2C shown in FIG. 3 (c) is a further improvement of the laminated storage battery 2B shown in FIG. 3 (b), in which one of the two vertically adjacent storage battery modules 4 and 4 is at the boundary position. The negative electrode current collector 15B having the negative electrode active material 12 forming the storage battery module 4 and the negative electrode current collector 15B having the negative electrode active material 12 forming the other storage battery module 4 are commonly used. A positive electrode current collector 15A formed of one electrode plate 15 and having a positive electrode active material 11 forming one storage battery module 4, and a positive electrode active material 11 forming the other storage battery module 4 are formed. It is characterized in that the positive electrode current collector 15A is made common and is constituted by one electrode plate 15. When the active material having the same polarity is formed on one and the other main surfaces of the electrode plates 15 at the boundary positions of the upper and lower storage battery modules 4 and 4, the electrode plates can be shared to reduce the number of them. The circuit can be further simplified. In addition, the degree of freedom in combining the super laminated structure and the voltage can be increased.

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a storage battery system configured by using the above-mentioned laminated storage battery.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the storage battery system 3 according to the present embodiment is configured by using, for example, the stacked storage battery 1 shown in FIG. 1 as one storage battery module 6 and using a plurality of the storage battery modules 6. Instead of the stacked storage battery 1, the stacked storage batteries 2A to 2C may be used as the storage battery module 6.

  The storage battery system 3 according to the present embodiment includes a charging circuit 7 for individually charging a plurality of storage battery modules 6, series circuit wirings 8a, 8b, 8c for connecting a plurality of storage battery modules 6 in series, and a plurality of storage battery modules 6 And a relay switch array 9 for switching the connection destination of each external terminal (the positive electrode terminal 6a and the negative electrode terminal 6b).

  The charging circuit 7 includes a primary coil 21 and a plurality of secondary coils 22 that form a transformer 20, and a plurality of diodes 23 that are connected in series to each of the plurality of secondary coils 22. The primary coil 21 is connected to the AC power supply 30, and one end and the other end of the series circuit of the secondary coil 22 and the diode 23 have a pair of external terminals (a positive electrode terminal 6a and a negative electrode terminal 6b) of each storage battery module 6. And a pair of charging terminals corresponding to. The pair of charging terminals are respectively connected to the positive electrode terminal 6a and the negative electrode terminal 6b of the storage battery module 6 via the relay switch array 9 including a plurality of two-contact relay switches.

  The relay switch array 9 simultaneously switches the connection destinations of the external terminals of each storage battery module 6. During the discharging operation of the storage battery system 3, the relay switch array 9 is connected to the terminal a side, whereby the external terminals of each storage battery module 6 are connected via the series circuit wiring 8a, 8b, 8c, and the series circuit of each storage battery module 6 is connected. Is configured. Therefore, the output voltage of the storage battery system 3 is the sum of the output voltages of the storage battery modules 6, and a very high output voltage can be supplied.

  Further, during the charging operation of the storage battery system 3 (during the first charging operation), the relay switch array 9 is connected to the terminal b side as shown in the figure, whereby the external terminal of each storage battery module 6 becomes a corresponding charging circuit. Connected. Thereby, each storage battery module 6 is charged at a low voltage lower than the output voltage of the series circuit. The charging circuit 7 is connected to an AC power source 30 having a low voltage of, for example, 200V, and steps down this AC voltage and rectifies it to generate a DC voltage of, for example, 50V. Therefore, each storage battery module is charged with the DC voltage of 50V. The storage battery modules 6 do not necessarily have to be charged individually, and it is possible to charge each of the series circuits of several storage battery modules 6. In this case, it is preferable that the single storage battery module 6 or the series circuit of the plurality of storage battery modules 6 can be charged at 600 V or less.

  The storage battery system 3 according to the present embodiment is also capable of high voltage charging. During the high-voltage charging operation (during the second charging operation), the relay switch array 9 is connected to the terminal a side, and charging is performed in the state of the series circuit of the storage battery module 6. By connecting a high-voltage power supply to the pair of external terminals 8p, 8p 'of the series circuit via a charging circuit (not shown), the series circuit can be charged at high voltage. In this way, the storage battery system 3 according to the present embodiment can support both low voltage charging and high voltage charging.

  As described above, the storage battery system 3 according to the present embodiment can perform low-voltage rapid charging at the time of charging, and can also serve as a high-voltage power source at the time of extracting electric power. Therefore, for example, when 2000 storage battery modules 6 having an output voltage of 50V are used, a DC power supply of 100,000 volts can be constructed. Further, the storage battery system 3 is capable of high voltage charging as well as low voltage charging.

  Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It goes without saying that it is included in the range.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the stacked storage battery of the three-layer stacked type has been described as an example, but the number of stacked layers is not particularly limited and may be any number of layers. Further, the respective embodiments can be appropriately combined and configured.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The laminated storage battery and the storage battery system using the same according to the present invention are preferably used for a portable electronic terminal device in which rapid charging is effective, an X-ray source requiring high voltage, an accelerator, an electron beam source, and the like. it can.

1, 2A, 2B, 2C Stacked storage battery 3 Storage battery system 4 Storage battery module 5, 5A, 5B, 5C Single battery 5n Negative cell 5p Positive cell 6 Storage battery module 6a Positive terminal 6b of storage battery module Negative terminal 7 of storage battery module 7 Charging circuit 8a , 8b, 8c Series circuit wiring 9 Relay switch array 10 Separator 11 Positive electrode active material 12 Negative electrode active material 13 Electrolyte solution 14 Packing 15 Electrode plate 15A Positive electrode current collector 15B Negative electrode current collector 15C Partition wall 18 Insulating plate 19A Positive electrode short circuit wiring 19B Negative electrode Short-circuit wiring 20 Transformer 21 Primary coil 22 Secondary coil 23 Diode 30 AC power supply

Claims (4)

A plurality of stacked storage batteries,
A charging circuit that charges each of the plurality of stacked storage batteries,
A series circuit wiring for connecting the plurality of laminated storage batteries in series,
A relay switch array for switching the connection destination of each external terminal of the plurality of laminated storage batteries,
Each of the plurality of stacked storage batteries comprises at least one storage battery module,
The storage battery module includes a series circuit of a plurality of cells,
In the series circuit of the plurality of unit cells, at least one of the negative electrode active material and the positive electrode active material is formed on at least one of the main surfaces of one and the other of the electrode plates, and two or more electrode plates are laminated with a separator interposed therebetween. A storage battery system characterized by the following. The relay switch array is
During the discharging operation of the plurality of laminated storage batteries, each external terminal of the plurality of laminated storage batteries is connected to the series circuit wiring to form a series circuit of the plurality of laminated storage batteries,
A voltage lower than the output voltage of the series circuit of the plurality of stacked type storage batteries by connecting the external terminals of the plurality of stacked type storage batteries to the charging circuit during the first charging operation of the plurality of stacked type storage batteries. The storage battery system according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of stacked storage batteries is individually charged with. The relay switch array is
A voltage higher than the output voltage of each of the plurality of laminated storage batteries by connecting the external terminals of each of the plurality of laminated storage batteries to the series circuit wiring during the second charging operation of the plurality of laminated storage batteries. The storage battery system according to claim 2, wherein the series circuit of the plurality of stacked storage batteries is charged by.   The storage battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the plurality of stacked storage batteries includes the plurality of storage battery modules connected in parallel.