JP2020003283A - Earthquake observation system - Google Patents

Abstract

To reduce costs and improve communication performance.SOLUTION: Provided is an earthquake observation system of a structure having a plurality of layers, comprising: a plurality of earthquake sensors provided in each of the plurality of layers; a plurality of transmitters provided for each of the plurality of earthquake sensors, for transmitting a signal outputted from the corresponding earthquake sensor; a conductor penetrating the plurality of layers; and a single receiver for each unit group of the transmitters, the receiver receiving the signal via the conductor. The conductor is not directly connected to the transmitters and receivers with wire cable.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to an earthquake observation system.

  A seismic observation system for a structure (for example, a building) includes a plurality of seismic sensors (for example, accelerometers) installed on a plurality of layers (floors), and a data recording device connected to each seismic sensor by a cable. There is known a method of observing a damage (damage) state of a building due to a seismic motion based on a signal output from a computer (for example, see Patent Document 1).

JP 2013-254239 A

  In the above-mentioned earthquake observation system, since the earthquake sensor and the data recording device are connected by a cable, the number of cables increases and the wiring distance increases as the number of floors of the building increases (that is, as the building becomes higher). There was a problem. In addition, when incorporating an earthquake observation system into an existing building, it was necessary to temporarily remove the interior for cable wiring, which was a factor in increasing costs.

  In addition, it is conceivable that the communication between the earthquake sensor and the data recording device is performed wirelessly, but communication becomes difficult when the distance is long or when each layer is a fire protection compartment. There was a risk of becoming.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and has as its object to reduce costs and improve communication performance.

In order to achieve the above object, an earthquake observation system of the present invention is an earthquake observation system for a structure having a plurality of layers, wherein the plurality of earthquake sensors provided in the plurality of layers and the plurality of earthquake sensors are provided. A plurality of transmitters provided for each, transmitting a signal output from the corresponding earthquake sensor, a conductor penetrating the plurality of layers, and a receiver that receives the signal via the conductor, , A single receiver for each unit group of the transmitter, wherein the conductor is not directly connected to the transmitter and the receiver by a wired cable.
According to such an earthquake observation system, cost can be reduced and communication performance can be improved.

In this earthquake observation system, it is preferable that the unit group is set so that the number of the transmitters corresponding to the receiver does not exceed a predetermined number.
According to such an earthquake observation system, communication concentration on the receiver can be avoided.

In this earthquake observation system, it is preferable that communication of the signal between the transmitter and the receiver is performed wirelessly, and a frequency used for the wireless communication differs for each unit group.
According to such an earthquake observation system, communication is not performed between the transmitter and the receiver in different unit groups, so that communication concentration on the receiver can be avoided.

In such an earthquake observation system, it is preferable that the plurality of layers be fire-protected sections.
According to such an earthquake observation system, it is possible to perform communication even between fire-protected sections, and this is particularly effective in this case.

In such an earthquake observation system, a through-hole is provided at a boundary portion between the adjacent layers, and the conductor is disposed through the through-hole, and a gap between the conductor and the through-hole is provided. Is preferably closed with fire protection material.
According to such an earthquake observation system, even when the conductor is arranged, it can be maintained in the fire prevention compartment.

In such an earthquake observation system, it is preferable that the conductor penetrates an EPS part or a PS part of the structure.
According to such an earthquake observation system, communication performance can be further improved.

In such an earthquake observation system, it is preferable that the conductor is an electric wire connecting a certain layer and the EPS portion in a layer different from the certain layer.
According to such an earthquake observation system, the electric wire arranged at the EPS site can be used for wireless communication, and wiring work or the like is unnecessary, so that the cost can be reduced.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce costs and improve communication performance.

It is a figure showing the composition of the earthquake observation system of the 1st comparative example. It is a figure showing the composition of the earthquake observation system of the 2nd comparative example. It is a figure showing the composition of the earthquake observation system of the 3rd comparative example. It is a figure showing composition of an earthquake observation system of a 1st embodiment. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a difference in wireless communication performance depending on the arrangement of conductors 40. It is a figure showing the modification of a 1st embodiment. It is a figure showing composition of an earthquake observation system of a 2nd embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the Example which applied the earthquake observation system of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Before describing the earthquake observation system of the present embodiment, a comparative example will be described first.

=== Comparative Example ===
<< First Comparative Example >>
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the earthquake observation system of the first comparative example.

  The earthquake observation system shown in FIG. 1 is a system provided in a building 10 and includes an earthquake sensor 200, a data recording device 300, and a wired cable 400.

  The building 10 is a 10-story (+ PHF room) building. In addition, the building 10 includes an elevator shaft 12 and an EPS room 14 (corresponding to an EPS part). Except for the elevator shaft 12, rooms on each floor are fire-blocked. For example, floors (layers) adjacent above and below the building 10 are fire-blocked by the floor 11. The elevator shaft 12 is a vertically (vertically) long space for an elevator (not shown) to move up and down. The EPS room 14 is a small space that is sectioned in the building 10 so as to vertically pass a trunk line (cables / plumbing wiring) of electrical equipment. The PHF room is a room such as a staircase room and a lift tower built on the roof.

  The earthquake sensors 200 are provided on each floor of the building 10, respectively. Then, the earthquake sensor 200 detects and outputs the acceleration during the earthquake at the installation position (floor).

  The data recording device 300 is communicably connected to the earthquake sensors 200 on each floor by a wired cable 400. The data recording device 300 is provided at the lowest level (first floor) of the building 10, and has a storage unit and a CPU (arithmetic processing unit). The storage unit is a unit that records data and the like, and is configured by, for example, a hard disk or a memory. Further, the storage unit includes a response calculation program for calculating a response of the building 10 using detection data and the like detected by each earthquake sensor 200, a determination program for determining a damage level of the building 10 based on a response value, and the like. It is stored in advance. The CPU performs various calculations based on the program.

  The data recording device 300 receives and records detection data (signals) from the plurality of earthquake sensors 200, analyzes the detection data using the above-described programs and the like, and evaluates the damage to the building 10 based on the analysis result. I do.

  The data recording device 300 is communicably connected to the external server 50 via an Internet line or the like, and transmits and receives data (signals) to and from the external server 50. Thus, the external server 50 can diagnose the damage evaluation. Note that the connection between the data recording device 300 and the external server 50 may be wired or wireless. Further, in this example, the damage assessment of the building 10 is performed by the data recording device 300; however, the present invention is not limited to this, and the damage assessment of the building 10 may be performed by the external server 50.

  The wired cable 400 is a cable having conductivity, and is wired to each floor through the EPS room 14. The wired cable 400 is provided for each earthquake sensor 200 (that is, corresponding to the earthquake sensor 200 on each floor). One end of the wired cable 400 is connected to the earthquake sensor 200, and the other end is connected to the data recording device 300.

  In the case of the first comparative example, a wired cable 400 is required between the earthquake sensor 200 on each floor and the data recording device 300. For this reason, the cable amount increases as the building 10 becomes higher. Also, the wiring distance becomes longer. In addition, when the building 10 is an existing building, it is necessary to temporarily remove the interior for cable wiring, which is troublesome and costly.

<<< second comparative example >>>
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the earthquake observation system of the second comparative example. The configuration of the building 10 is the same as that of FIG.

  The earthquake observation system of the second comparative example includes a slave unit 20 and a master unit 30.

  Slave unit 20 includes a wireless transmission unit (not shown: corresponding to a transmitter) for wirelessly transmitting an output signal of earthquake sensor 200 in addition to earthquake sensor 200 of the first comparative example. That is, the slave unit 20 functions as a seismic sensor 200 that detects the acceleration of the installation position (floor) during an earthquake, and also functions as a transmitter that transmits a signal output from the seismic sensor 200. Slave units 20 are arranged on each floor.

  Master device 30 includes a wireless communication unit (not shown: corresponding to a receiver) for wirelessly transmitting and receiving signals output from slave device 20, in addition to data recording device 300 of the first comparative example. Master device 30 can communicate with an external server (not shown) in a wired or wireless manner as in the first comparative example.

  In the case of the second comparative example, since the floor and walls of the building 10 that are fire-blocked interfere with wireless communication, data between the child device 20 and the parent device 30 arranged on different floors as shown in FIG. Transmission and reception becomes difficult. In FIG. 2, a circle indicates that transmission / reception is possible, a triangle indicates that transmission / reception is possible but radio waves are weak, and a cross indicates that transmission / reception is impossible.

<<< 3rd comparative example >>>
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the earthquake observation system of the third comparative example. The configuration of the building 10 is the same as that of FIG.

  In the third comparative example, the slave units 20 are provided at positions corresponding to the respective floors of the elevator shaft 12 (a through space that is not fire-protected). Further, master device 30 is provided near elevator shaft 12. The configurations of the child device 20 and the parent device 30 are the same as those of the second comparative example.

  In the case of the third comparative example, since the elevator shaft 12 has no floor (there is no fire protection compartment), the communication performance is improved as compared with the case of the second comparative example (FIG. 2). However, the distance over which wireless communication is possible is still limited.

=== First Embodiment ===
<< About the structure of the earthquake observation system >>
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the earthquake observation system of the first embodiment. The same components as those in the above-described comparative example are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  The earthquake observation system according to the present embodiment includes a slave device 20, a master device 30, and a conductor 40.

  The slave units 20 are arranged in the EPS rooms 14 on each floor (10 units in total).

  The parent device 30 is disposed substantially at the center of the building 10 in the vertical direction (the EPS room 14 on the sixth floor). That is, one master unit 30 is provided for ten slave units 20.

  The conductor 40 is provided so as to vertically penetrate the floor (corresponding to a boundary portion) of the EPS room 14 on each floor. In other words, the conductor 40 connects the EPS room 14 on the upper floor (upper layer) and the EPS room 14 on the lower floor (lower layer). More specifically, as shown in the enlarged portion of FIG. 4, the floor 11 has a through hole 11a penetrating vertically (vertically), and the conductor 40 passes through the through hole 11a. . Further, the gap between the conductor 40 and the through hole 11a is closed by the fireproof material 100. Thereby, even when the conductor 40 is made to penetrate the floor 11 (through-hole 11a), the upper layer and the lower layer can be maintained in the fire protection compartment.

  The conductor 40 may be any cable (electric wire) having conductivity, for example, a power cable or a communication cable (LAN cable or the like). In addition, the conductor 40 may or may not be covered. As shown in the figure, the conductor 40 is not directly connected to each of the slave units 20 and the master unit 30 by a wired cable. In the EPS room 14, various kinds of cables are usually arranged so as to penetrate vertically, so that preparation of new cables and wiring work are not required, and costs can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the conductors 40 are thus arranged so as to penetrate the EPS room 14 of the building 1 up and down. By doing so, the electromagnetic waves emitted from the slave unit 20 generate voltage motors in the conductor 40 corresponding to the electromagnetic waves. Then, a change in the magnetic field and the electric field generated around conductor 40 due to the voltage change can be received by master device 30. As described above, the conductor 40 that is not connected to the child device 20 and the parent device 30 can be used for wireless communication, and the distance in which wireless communication can be performed is greatly increased as compared with the second comparative example and the third comparative example.

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a difference in wireless communication performance depending on the arrangement of the conductors 40.

  For example, as shown on the left side of FIG. 5, when the conductor 40 (and the slave unit 20) is arranged in the large space room, the electromagnetic wave is diffused, so that the electric field strength in the direction of the conductor 40 that assists the wireless communication decreases, and Communication function deteriorates.

  On the other hand, as shown on the right side of FIG. 5, when the conductor 40 is arranged in a small space such as the EPS room 14, the diffusion of electromagnetic waves is small, the electric field strength in the direction of the conductor 40 is high, and the wireless communication performance is low. Get higher.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, since the conductor 40 is arranged in a small space such as the EPS room 14, the wireless communication performance can be further improved. Note that the room (part) of the small space is not limited to the EPS room 14. For example, it may be a piping space of a water supply / drainage facility (PS room: corresponding to a PS site).

<Modification of First Embodiment>
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the first embodiment.

  In this modification, three master units 30 (master units 30A, 30B, and 30C) are arranged in a building 10. Then, the parent device 30 and the child device 20 that perform wireless communication within the frequency band in which wireless communication is possible are grouped. Note that if the frequency band in which wireless communication can be performed is, for example, 2.45 GHz, wireless communication can be performed in a band of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz.

  Master device 30A is arranged at the uppermost position (specifically, the ninth floor) of three master devices 30, and is the upper one of the plurality of child devices 20 (specifically, the eighth floor to the tenth floor). Wireless communication with the three slave units 20). In this modification, the communication frequency of this group (unit group) is set to 2.40 GHz.

  Master device 30B is arranged at the center (specifically, the sixth floor) of three master devices 30, and is located at the central portion of the plurality of child devices 20 (specifically, the fifth to seventh floors). Wireless communication is performed with the three slave units 20) on the floor. In this modification, the communication frequency of this group (unit group) is set to 2.44 GHz.

  Master device 30C is arranged at the lowest position (specifically, the third floor) of three master devices 30, and is located at the lower part of the plurality of child devices 20 (specifically, the first to fourth floors). Wireless communication with the four slave units 20). In this modification, the communication frequency of this group (unit group) is set to 2.48 GHz.

  With the above configuration, between the parent device 30 and the child device 20 in different groups (for example, between the child device 20 and the parent device 30A on the seventh floor, between the child device 20 and the parent device 30B on the eighth floor, Between the child device 20 on the floor and the parent device 30B and between the child device 20 on the fifth floor and the parent device 30C), the radio communication is not performed because the frequencies are different. On the other hand, wireless communication is performed via the conductor 40 between the parent device 30 and the child device 20 in the same group.

  Thus, in the modified example, three master units 30 (master units 30A, 30B, and 30C) are provided. Then, a group (unit group) is set so that the number of slaves 20 corresponding to one master 30 does not exceed a predetermined number (four in this example). Further, the frequency used for wireless communication is made different for each unit group. By doing so, it is possible to avoid concentration of communication on a specific master device 30, and it is possible to deal with more floors (layers).

=== Second Embodiment ===
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the earthquake observation system according to the second embodiment. The same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  In the second embodiment, a plurality of slave units 20, a master unit 30, and a conductor 40 are provided on the elevator shaft 12. The conductor 40 of the second embodiment is an elevator cable of the elevator shaft 12, a power cable, or the like.

  Also in the second embodiment, the conductor 40 is not connected to the child device 20 and the parent device 30. Also in the case of the second embodiment, communication can be performed between the parent device 30 and the child device 20 via the conductor 40 as in the first embodiment.

  In the second embodiment, the portion vertically penetrating the building 10 (the portion where the conductor 40 is provided) is the elevator shaft 12, but is not limited to this. For example, a staircase (see the emergency staircase 16 in FIG. 8) ). In this case, the conductors 40 may be arranged in the up-down direction so as to pass through the gap between the staircases on each floor (for example, the gap surrounded by the landing and the stairs). By doing so, it is possible to similarly perform wireless communication between the parent device 30 and each child device 20.

=== Example ===
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment to which the earthquake observation system of the present invention is applied.

  The building 10 ′ in this embodiment is a building of 11 floors (+ PHF room), and the rooms and the like on each floor are fire-blocked except for the emergency staircase room 16. In the EPS room 14, conductors 40 penetrate the floor 11 of each floor from the upper end to the lower end. The configuration of the penetrating portion is the same as that of FIG.

  The unit dBm in the figure is the radio wave intensity, and indicates that the larger the value (the smaller the absolute value because the value is negative here, the higher the value), the higher the wireless communication performance. For example, at -100 dBm or less, wireless communication is interrupted (x mark). In the range of more than -100 dBm and less than -90 dBm, although communication is not interrupted, the communication error rate increases, and it takes time for communication (corresponding to the triangle in FIGS. 2 and 3). In addition, if it is larger than -90 dBm, communication is possible (corresponding to a circle in FIGS. 2 and 3).

  In this embodiment, in the emergency staircase room 16, the office floor 18, and the EPS room 14, the slave unit 20 and the master unit 30 are arranged as shown in FIG.

  In the office floor 18 (there is a fire prevention section and no conductor 40), a master unit 30 is installed on the fifth floor. In this case, the base unit 30 can communicate (−80.6 dBm) with the slave units 20 on the vertically adjacent floor (in this example, the sixth floor above), and can communicate with the child unit 20 on the upper floor (seventh floor). Communication with the slave 20 was not possible. That is, in this condition (there is a fire protection section and no conductor 40), the wireless communication range is one layer.

  In the emergency staircase 16 (no fire compartment, no conductor 40), a master unit 30 is installed on the first floor. In this case, master device 30 was able to communicate with slave device 20 located on the eighth floor (−87.9 dBm), and was not able to communicate with slave device 20 located on the ninth floor. That is, under these conditions (no fire protection compartment, no conductor 40), the wireless communication range was seven layers.

  In the EPS room 14 (with a fire protection compartment and conductor 40), the main unit 30 is also installed on the first floor. However, the provision of the conductor 40 allows the slave unit 20 to be arranged on the uppermost layer (11th floor). In this case, communication was possible (-77.6 dBm). That is, under these conditions (there is a fire protection section and a conductor 40), the wireless communication range is 10 layers or more.

  As described above, even in a layer that is fire-blocked so as to hinder wireless communication, by providing the conductor 40 that penetrates between layers, the wireless communication performance is higher than that of the emergency staircase 16 without a fire-block. was gotten. Therefore, it was confirmed that the provision of the conductor 40 can improve wireless communication performance.

=== About Other Embodiments ===
The above embodiments are intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the spirit thereof, and it goes without saying that the present invention includes equivalents thereof. In particular, the embodiments described below are also included in the present invention.

<About handset 20>
In the above embodiment, the slave unit 20 has the function of the earthquake sensor and the function of the data transmission unit (transmitter). However, the earthquake sensor and the data transmission unit may be provided separately.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the slave units 20 are provided on each floor of the building 10, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the slave unit 20 may be installed only on odd-numbered floors (first floor, third floor, fifth floor,...), And even-numbered floors may be complemented by data of upper and lower odd-numbered floors.

<About parent device 30>
In the above-described embodiment, the master device 30 has the function of the data recording device and the function of the data communication unit (receiver). However, the data recording device and the data communication unit may be provided separately. .

<About the EPS room 14 (EPS part)>
In the above-described embodiment, the slave unit 20 and the master unit 30 are installed in the EPS room 14 (EPS part). However, the MDF room that houses the telephone line, the IDF room that houses the wiring branched from the MDF room, , A transformer, an electric room that accommodates a switchboard, or the like.

10 Building 11 Floor 11a Through hole 12 Elevator shaft 14 EPS room (EPS part)
16 Emergency stairs room 18 Office floor 20 Slave unit 30 Base unit 40 Conductor 50 External server 100 Fire protection material 200 Earthquake sensor 300 Data recording device 400 Wired cable

Claims (7)

An earthquake observation system for a structure having a plurality of layers,
A plurality of seismic sensors respectively provided in the plurality of layers,
A plurality of transmitters provided for each of the plurality of earthquake sensors and transmitting signals output from the corresponding earthquake sensors,
A conductor penetrating the plurality of layers,
A receiver for receiving the signal via the conductor, wherein a single receiver is provided for each unit group of the transmitter,
With
The conductor is not directly connected to the transmitter and the receiver by a wired cable,
An earthquake observation system characterized in that: The earthquake observation system according to claim 1, wherein
The unit group is set so that the transmitter corresponding to the receiver does not exceed a predetermined number,
An earthquake observation system characterized in that: The earthquake observation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
Communication of the signal between the transmitter and the receiver is performed wirelessly,
The frequency used for the radio is different for each unit group,
An earthquake observation system characterized in that: The earthquake observation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein
The plurality of layers are fire-blocked layers,
An earthquake observation system characterized in that: The earthquake observation system according to claim 4, wherein
A through hole is provided at the boundary between the adjacent layers,
The conductor is disposed through the through hole,
A gap between the conductor and the through hole is closed with a fireproof material,
An earthquake observation system characterized in that: The earthquake observation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein
The conductor penetrates the EPS part or the PS part of the structure,
An earthquake observation system characterized in that: The earthquake observation system according to claim 6, wherein
The conductor is an electric wire connecting a certain layer and the EPS portion of another layer different from the certain layer,
An earthquake observation system characterized in that: