JP2020002603A - Dredging equipment, dredging station, and dredging system including the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide dredging equipment capable of sorting organic matters from inorganic matters in dredged matter in which organic matters and inorganic matters are mixed.SOLUTION: A dredging equipment 100 includes: a crusher 20 installed in a raking-in and crushing manner the sediment deposited on the bottom SB of a dam lake; a dredge pump 30 installed above the crusher 20; and a rake 10 installed so as to rake the dredged matters on the rake side of the crusher 20.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a dredging technique for dredging sediment deposited on the bottom of a dam lake.

In general dams, dredging work is required to discharge sediment such as mud, sediment, cobblestones, gravels, and debris deposited on the bottom of the dam lake in order to maintain the dam's water storage capacity. In particular, in the case of a dam for hydroelectric power generation, sediment near the intake becomes a problem, and dredging work is carried out in a timely manner.
Conventional dam dredging methods include a grab bucket that seizes and lifts sediment at the bottom of the lake, and a dredging method that uses a grab boat loaded on an earth transport vessel or a pump that sucks sediment at the bottom of the lake and pumps mud with a dredging pump. A dredging method using a dredger is known. In these dam dredging methods, since dredging work with a grab ship or pump dredger requires workers with special skills, securing workers and passing on the skills is a problem.

  For this reason, there has been proposed a dredging system including a dredging device for dredging a sediment deposited on the bottom of a dam lake, which can eliminate the need for a worker having a special technique (for example, see Patent Document 1). . In the technology described in Patent Literature 1, a dredging system capable of efficiently performing dredging with a dredging device including a horizontal multi-axis rotary cutter having a pair of drum cutters has been proposed.

JP 2007-146481 A

However, although the horizontal multi-axis rotary cutter is used in the dredging apparatus described in Patent Literature 1, the cobblestone and the decayed wood are crushed without discrimination by using the cobblestone and the decayed matter as the dredged matter. Therefore, the slurry sucked and discharged by the pump installed on the upper part of the horizontal multi-axis rotary cutter contains an organic substance and an inorganic substance. Therefore, when they are discarded, there is a further problem that a discrimination operation between an organic substance and an inorganic substance occurs.
If large sediments are included in the sediment, the shape of the cobble stones or the sediment can be reduced to a size that can be suctioned and discharged by the dredging pump installed above the horizontal multi-axis rotary cutter only by devising the cutter bit shape. (That is, a mixture of organic matter and inorganic matter) is difficult to reliably crush, and the pump for dredging may be blocked.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and a dredging apparatus, a dredging station and a dredging apparatus capable of discriminating between organic matter and inorganic matter with respect to dredged matter in which organic matter and inorganic matter are mixed. An object of the present invention is to provide a dredging system equipped with such a system.

In order to solve the above problem, a dredging device according to one embodiment of the present invention is provided with a crusher provided so as to be capable of crushing while sediment deposited on the bottom of a dam lake, and a dredge installed above the crusher. And a rake provided so as to be able to scrape off the sediment on the sediment scraping side of the crusher.
At the bottom of the dam lake, although there are mixed trees and cobblestones, the relatively light-weighted debris is deposited to cover the surface of the lake bottom, and the relatively heavy boulder is deeper than the surface of the lake. Deposits in the deep part.

That is, according to the dredging device according to one aspect of the present invention, since a rake capable of scraping the dredged material is provided on the sediment scraping side of the crusher, the rake removes the sediment on the surface of the lake bottom surface. By scraping in advance before crushing by the crusher and driving the crusher at the position after the scraping, it is possible to avoid deeper sediment on the surface of the lake bottom and to dredge a deeper portion deeper than that.
Therefore, for dredged materials in which organic matter and inorganic matter are mixed, it is possible to dredge the sediment located deeper and deeper than the surface of the lake bottom by avoiding the sediment. It can be dredged while discriminating.

Further, in order to solve the above problems, a dredging station according to one embodiment of the present invention relates to a dredging yakura erected on the bottom of a dam lake and an embodiment of the present invention equipped in the dredging yakura. And a dredging device, wherein the crusher and the rake are mounted on a single housing slidably supported up and down and left and right by the dredge.
According to the dredging station according to one aspect of the present invention, the crusher and the rake of the dredging device according to one aspect of the present invention are provided in a single housing that is slidably supported vertically and horizontally by a dredge arrow. As a result, the dredging yakura is erected on the bottom of the dam lake, and the dredging can be performed efficiently in a stable state while discriminating organic and inorganic substances as much as possible.

In order to solve the above problems, a dredging system according to an aspect of the present invention includes a dredging station according to an aspect of the present invention, and a floating body provided with a winch and provided on water, A dredging station is erected on the bottom of the dam lake via a wire wound around a winch attached to the floating body.
According to the dredging system according to one aspect of the present invention, since the dredging station is erected on the bottom of the dam lake via a wire wound on a winch attached to the floating body, the dredging station can be installed on the unstable bottom of the lake. The posture at the time of dredging is further stabilized, and dredging can be efficiently performed while discriminating between organic matter and inorganic matter as much as possible.

  As described above, according to the present invention, an organic substance and an inorganic substance can be distinguished from a dredged substance in which an organic substance and an inorganic substance are mixed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows one Embodiment of the dredging system using the dredging station provided with the dredging device which concerns on one aspect of this invention. It is a schematic explanatory view at the time of dredging by the dredging station shown in FIG. 1, (a) is a plan view and (b) is a front view. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the dredging station shown in FIG. It is a schematic plan view of the platform which comprises the dredging station. It is a schematic front view of the platform which comprises the dredging station. It is a schematic plan view of the intermediate frame of a platform. It is a front view showing one embodiment of a dredging device equipped with a dredging station concerning one mode of the present invention. In the figure, a part of the lower part of the housing is cut away. It is a side view showing one embodiment of a dredging device equipped with a dredging station concerning one mode of the present invention. It is a front view ((a)-(f)) explaining operation | movement of a dredging apparatus, The figure (a) shows the interposition attitude | position of a rake, (f) shows the evacuation attitude of a rake, (b)-( e) shows the process in which the rake shifts from the intervening position to the retreat position. It is a figure ((a)-(f)) explaining operation | movement of a dredging apparatus, Each figure is a figure corresponding to FIG. 9, and the sediment scraping side of the crusher in FIG. The perspective views seen from the near position are shown. It is a typical perspective view showing the dredging station provided with other embodiments of the dredging device concerning one aspect of the present invention, and the figure is the figure seen from the back side in the direction where the crusher slides. It is the perspective view which looked at the dredging device of other embodiments shown in FIG. 11 from the front side in the direction which a crusher slides. It is a figure ((a)-(d)) explaining operation which scrapes off the dredged material by the rake of the dredging device of other embodiments shown in Drawing 11 on the sediment scraping side.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. The present embodiment is an example of a dredging system that uses a dredging station configured to discriminate and excavate sediment at the bottom of a dam lake with a dredge device, and to thereby excavate the excavated sediment together with muddy water.
The drawings are schematic. Therefore, it should be noted that the relationship between the thickness and the planar dimension, the ratio, and the like are different from the actual ones, and the drawings include portions having different dimensional relationships and ratios. The embodiments described below exemplify an apparatus and a method for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is based on the material, shape, structure, and arrangement of component parts. The present invention is not specified in the following embodiments.

[Overall configuration of dredging system]
First, the overall configuration of the dredging system of the present embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the dredging system has a floating body 1 arranged on a lake SL of a dam lake, and a dredging station 50 arranged on a lake bottom SB of the dam lake. In the dredging station 50, a crusher 20, a dredging pump 30 installed on the upper part of the crusher 20, a rake 10 provided to be able to scrape off the dredged material on the sediment scraping side of the crusher 20, Is provided.

  The dredging station 50 discriminates and excavates the sediment while scraping the lake bottom of the dam lake with the rake 10 and the crusher 20 provided for the dredging device 100 on the lake bottom SB of the dam lake where the sediment is deposited. The sediment that has been discriminated and excavated can be dredged together with muddy water by a dredging pump 30 provided above the crusher 20. And the dredging system of this embodiment moves the sediment dredged by the dredging device 100 from the arrangement position S of the dredging station 50 to the transfer position M on the lake bottom via the drainage hose 7 arranged underwater. It is configured as follows.

Specifically, in the example of the present embodiment, the floating body 1 is anchored at a target position on the lake SL. The floating body 1 according to the present embodiment also serves as a mother ship that transports the dredging station 50 in a state of being suspended from the lake SL by the wire 5 (transfer in water) and erected on the lake bottom SB of the dam lake.
The floating body 1 includes a working machine 6 such as a crane for erection and placing the dredging station 50 on the lake bottom SB of the dam lake, a generator 2, and a variable displacement hydraulic pump 3 driven by an internal combustion engine as a hydraulic source. And a management computer 9 constituting control means are mounted on the floating body 4. The floating body 1 transports the dredging station 50 to a predetermined position on the dam lake, and hangs down the dredging station 50 with the wire 5 of the working machine 6 to stand upright on the lake bottom SB of the dam lake.

The management computer 9, the generator 2, and the hydraulic pump 3 are connected to the dredging station 50 arranged on the bottom SB of the dam lake via the umbilical cable 8, and from the floating body 1 side, the dredging station 50 and the dredging device 100 are connected. It is possible to supply electric power and control signals necessary for operation and supply of pressure oil.
The umbilical cable 8 has a hybrid structure in which the supply and discharge hydraulic hoses, the power cable, and the signal cable are integrally surrounded and held by a flexible cable bear (the cable bear is a registered trademark). . In addition, each hydraulic hose for supply / discharge, the power cable, and the signal cable may be separately wired and piped.

[Dredging station]
Next, the dredging station 50 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. The dredging station 50 is a self-propelled dredging machine for dredging bottom sediment of a dam lake, including the dredging device 100 and a dredging arrow 52 capable of self-propelling in the X and Y directions.
As shown in FIG. 2, the dredging station 50 according to the present embodiment includes a platform 51 having a plurality of rectangular frames, and a plurality (eight legs in this example) supporting four corners of upper and lower frames constituting the platform 51. The dredger 52 has a support leg 66 and a jack mechanism 69. Each support leg 66 is fixed to the platform 51 via a jack mechanism 69 so as to be able to move up and down.

As shown in FIG. 3, the platform 51 constituting the dredging arrow 52 has an upper frame 51X having a rectangular frame shape in plan view, and a lower frame (Lower frame) 51Y having a rectangular frame shape in plan view. And an intermediate frame (Middle frame) 51M provided between the frames 51X and 51Y and having a rectangular frame shape in a plan view.
In this example, two X moving frames 53 are stretched over the upper frame 51X along the Y direction. Both ends of each X moving frame 53 are respectively supported on the upper surface of the upper frame 51X via the X-direction moving mechanism 53X. The X-direction moving mechanism 53X has a motor, a speed reduction mechanism, and a rack and pinion mechanism (not shown), and drives the rack and pinion mechanism via the speed reducing mechanism with the motor, thereby connecting the two X-movement frames 53 to the upper frame. It is slidable simultaneously in the X direction along 51X.

  On the upper part of the two X moving frames 53, a Y moving frame 54 is placed so as to be stretched. The Y moving frame 54 is supported on the upper surface of the X moving frame 53 via the Y direction moving mechanism 54Y, and constitutes a Y direction feed mechanism of the dredging device 100. The Y-direction moving mechanism 54Y has a motor, a deceleration mechanism, and a rack and pinion mechanism (not shown), and drives the rack and pinion mechanism via the deceleration mechanism with the motor, so that the dredging device 100 It is slidable along the extending direction (that is, along the Y direction).

In addition, the dredging device 100 is supported on the lower surface of the Y moving frame 54 so as to be able to move up and down via an elevating device 90 that constitutes a feed mechanism in the Z direction of the dredging device 100. It is placed in a suspended position.
The elevating device 90 includes a pair of left and right driving units 92 provided on the side of the Y moving frame 54, and an elevating rack 91 that is vertically erected in each of the driving units 92. . The drive unit 92 has a motor and a speed reduction mechanism (not shown), and a rack and pinion mechanism meshing with the lifting / lowering rack 91. The motor drives the rack and pinion mechanism via the speed reduction mechanism, so that the dredging device 100 is driven. It is slidable along the lifting rack 91 (that is, along the Z direction).

Further, a control unit 60 is provided above the Y movement frame 54. The umbilical cable 8 is connected to the control unit 60.
As shown in FIG. 3, the control unit 60 includes a controller 61 that is a control unit that controls the operation of the entire dredging station 50 including the walking operation of the dredging arrow 52 to drive the dredging station 50 and the dredging device 100. Is built-in.
Thereby, the dredging station 50 receives the supply of the necessary pressure oil from the floating body 1 via the umbilical cable 8 and the supply of the electric power and the control signal of the management computer 9 to the control unit 60. The controller 61 of the control unit 60 functions as a control unit that controls the attitude of the dredging station 50 by driving each jack mechanism 69 based on a command from the management computer 9 on the floating body 1 side.

  Next, the horizontal movement mechanism of the dredging station 50 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6 show the landing preparation posture of the dredging arrow 52 when the dredging station 50 is landed from the floating body 1 on the lake bottom SB of the dam lake. In the landing preparation posture, the centers (centers of gravity) G in the horizontal plane of the upper frame 51X, the intermediate frame 51M, and the lower frame 51Y match. In FIG. 5, the reference numeral CL indicates the center axis of each support leg 66.

As shown in FIG. 4, the upper frame 51 </ b> X has a rectangular frame shape in a plan view, and is separated from each other in the Y direction with a pair of vertical girder Xb having a rectangular cylindrical shape provided in parallel in the X direction. And a pair of horizontal girder Xa having a rectangular cylindrical shape provided in parallel with each other. On each outer side surface of the two horizontal girder Xa, an X moving rack Rx is attached symmetrically from the center along the extending direction of the horizontal girder Xa.
Further, as shown in the figure, the lower frame 51Y has a rectangular frame shape in plan view, and a pair of horizontal tubular girder Yb formed in parallel with each other and separated in the X direction and in the Y direction. It has a pair of vertical girder Ya having a rectangular cylindrical shape and provided in parallel with each other at a distance. On the outer surfaces of the two vertical girders Ya, racks Ry for Y movement are mounted symmetrically from the center along the extending direction of the vertical girders Ya.

As shown in FIG. 6, the intermediate frame 51 </ b> M has a rectangular frame shape in plan view, and is separated from each other in the X direction. And a pair of horizontal girders Ma having a rectangular cylindrical shape provided in parallel with each other.
At the center of the intermediate frame 51M in the extending direction of each lateral girder Ma, an X drive motor Mx is arranged in a rectangular cylinder of the lateral girder Ma. At the center of the intermediate frame 51M in the extending direction of each vertical girder Mb, a Y drive motor My is arranged in a rectangular cylinder of the vertical girder Mb.

As shown in FIG. 4, the upper and lower frames 51 </ b> X and 51 </ b> Y have four support legs 66 and a jack mechanism 69 that can move up and down each support leg 66. The intermediate frame 51M and the upper and lower frames 51X and 51Y are slidably supported via a linear motion guide mechanism (not shown), are engaged via a rack and pinion mechanism, and are orthogonal to each other on a horizontal plane. It is configured to be relatively slidable in the direction and the Y direction.
More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the dredge arrow storehouse 52 has support legs 66 at each of the four corners of the rectangular frame of the upper frame 51X and at each of the four corners of the rectangular frame of the lower frame 51Y. . Each support leg 66 is provided with a jack mechanism 69 as a Z-direction slide moving mechanism as a lifting / lowering jacking unit.

Two jack mechanisms 69 are provided, one on each side of each support leg 66, and each support leg 66 has a Z-movement rack Rz as shown in FIG. It is attached to the position which opposes in the circumferential direction along the direction, respectively.
The jack mechanism 69 has a motor (not shown), a speed reduction mechanism, and a rack and pinion mechanism. The rack is formed along the axial direction of the support leg 66. The jack mechanism 69 can slide the support leg 66 in the vertical direction (Z direction) and hold the moving position by driving the rack and pinion mechanism via a speed reduction mechanism by a motor. The motor for driving the jack mechanism 69 may be a drive by fluid pressure (for example, hydraulic drive) or a drive by electric power (for example, an electromagnetic motor) (hereinafter, other drive motors). In the same).

The jack mechanism 69 corresponding to each Z movement rack Rz has a Z drive motor (not shown), a pinion mounted on an output shaft of the Z drive motor, and the Z movement rack Rz meshed with the pinion. A rack and pinion mechanism is configured. Thereby, each support leg 66 relatively slides in the Z direction with respect to each of the upper and lower frames 21X and 21Y to which the support leg 66 is attached, and the support legs 66 cooperate with the upper and lower frames 21X and 21Y. Ascent and descent are possible.
The linear motion guide mechanism of the upper frame 51X has a skidding rail (not shown) attached to the bottom surface of the horizontal girder Xa of the upper frame 51X along the extending direction of the horizontal girder Xa. The upper and lower sides of the skidding rail are guided by bearing plates (not shown). The skidding rail is attached from end to end of the upper frame 51X along the lateral girder Xa of the upper frame 51X.

The bearing plate is attached to the upper surface of the corner of the horizontal girder Ma of the intermediate frame 51M. A holding claw (not shown) is attached to the same position as the bearing plate so as to cover the skidding rail from right and left. The holding claw supports the skidding rail from both sides so as to prevent the upper frame 51X from falling when the upper frame 51X moves in the X direction.
An X-movement pinion (not shown) is mounted on the drive shaft of the X drive motor Mx, and projects to a position facing the rack surface of the X-movement rack Rx. The X-movement pinion is meshed with the X-movement rack Rx, is driven synchronously by an X drive motor, and is configured to be able to slide the upper frame 51X in the X direction.

On the other hand, the linear motion guide mechanism of the lower frame 51Y has a skidding rail (not shown) mounted on the upper surface of the vertical girder Ya of the lower frame 51Y along the extending direction of the vertical girder Ya. The skidding rail is attached from end to end of the vertical girder Ya of the lower frame 51Y.
Similar to the upper frame 51X, the lower frame 51Y has a bearing plate (not shown) attached to the lower surface of the corner of the vertical girder Mb of the intermediate frame 51M, and guides the skidding rail up and down by the bearing plate. A holding claw is attached at the same position as the bearing plate so as to cover the skidding rail from the left and right, and when the lower frame 51Y moves in the Y direction, the skidding rail is positioned on both sides to prevent the lower frame 51Y from dropping. We support from.

A Y-movement pinion Py is mounted on the drive shaft of the Y-drive motor My, and projects to a position facing the rack surface of the Y-movement rack Ry. The Y-movement pinions Py are respectively meshed with the Y-movement racks Ry, synchronously driven by a Y-drive motor My, and are configured to be able to slide the lower frame 51Y in the Y-direction.
The intermediate frame 51M and the upper and lower frames 51X and 51Y of the dredging yakura 52 show an example that can be moved in the horizontal direction via a rack and pinion mechanism. There is no limitation, and various moving mechanisms can be adopted as long as the moving mechanism can move in the horizontal direction.

For example, a moving mechanism that slides using a hydraulic cylinder method can be used. Similarly, an example is shown in which each support leg 66 can be slid relative to each other in the Z direction via a rack and pinion mechanism. However, the present invention is not limited to this. it can. The invention is not limited to the hydraulic drive, and may be an electric drive.
Further, under the control of the management computer 9, the dredging station 50 controls the dredging apparatus 100 to move the dredging device 100 in the X direction and the Y direction within a predetermined section of the platform 51 by the drive control of the X direction moving mechanism 53X and the Y direction moving mechanism 54Y by the controller 61. While moving in the direction, by driving the dredging pump 30, the muddy water taken together with the dredged material can be discharged from the drainage hose 7 as high-pressure muddy water.

Thereby, the dredging station 50 performs the walking control process by the horizontal slide moving mechanism that slides the upper and lower frames 21X and 21Y in the X direction and the Y direction, and the slide movement mechanism that slides each support leg 66 in the Z direction. In accordance with the procedure, while walking the planned dredging area in the X direction and the Y direction by the dredge arrow 52, the dredging device 100 is moved in the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction, so that the predetermined section can be sequentially dredged. I have.
Here, in the lake bottom SB of the dam lake, the dredging station 50 needs to cope with soft ground deposited on the lake bottom of the dam lake, slopes and undulations. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the dredging station 50 of the present embodiment has an inertial sensor 80 as a posture detection sensor in which the control unit 60 detects a desired posture of the platform 51 of the dredge 52 for dredging.

In the present embodiment, the jack mechanism 69 that drives each support leg 66 is provided with a torque detector (not shown). Each torque detector is a torque meter that can detect the torque of each drive motor that drives the pinion of the rack and pinion mechanism of each jack mechanism 69. Each torque detector detects a motor torque of each drive motor at any time, and can output detected torque information to the controller 61 of the control unit 60.
The controller 61 includes a central processing unit (CPU), a computer including a storage unit such as a RAM (random access memory) and a ROM (read only memory) and an input / output device connected thereto, and an attitude control process. And a walking control process of the dredge arrow 52, a posture control process of the dredge arrow 52, a dredging control process of the dredging station 50, and other necessary processes.

When the attitude control process of the dredging station 50 is executed, the controller 61 determines the degree of imbalance of the attitude of the dredging station 50 itself based on the output of the inertial sensor 80, and determines the degree of imbalance of the attitude of the dredge station 50 itself. The posture stability control for maintaining the posture stability is performed by adjusting each drive motor that drives the pinion.
In particular, the dredging station 50 of the present embodiment needs to cope with soft ground deposited on the bottom of the dam lake, slopes and undulations. A dynamic posture change caused by collapse of a tree or the like is measured by an inertial sensor 80 including an accelerometer and an angular accelerometer such as a gyroscope.

  It should be noted that an inclination sensor for measuring a static attitude can be used together. Further, control for maintaining the stability of the posture using a thruster or a water jet may be performed for posture control. The controller 61 adjusts the leg length of each support leg 66 based on the posture detection information of the inertial sensor 80 so that the posture of the dredging station 50 is horizontal. Thereby, the dredging station 50 can land on the bottom of the dam lake in a stable posture.

[Dredging equipment]
Next, the dredging device 100 provided in the dredge arrow 52 of the dredging station 50 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
The dredging device 100 of the present embodiment includes a rectangular frame-shaped housing 38 and a rake 10, a crusher 20, and a dredging pump 30 provided on the frame of the housing 38. The crusher 20 is arranged on the suction port 36 side of the dredging pump 30. As shown in FIG. 3, the upper portion of the housing 38 is supported at a position on the lower surface of the Y-movement frame 54 with respect to the dredging arrow 52 via an elevating device 90 so as to be able to ascend and descend. It is slidable in the Z direction along the left and right lifting racks 91.

[Dredge pump]
The dredging pump 30 of the present embodiment employs an underwater sand pump.
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the dredging pump 30 includes a pump driving unit 31 and a casing 34 provided below the pump driving unit 31. A suction port 36 is provided on the bottom surface of the casing 34, and a suction hopper 40 whose diameter increases downward is attached to the suction port 36. A drain pipe 37 is connected to a side surface of the casing 34, and the drain pipe 37 is connected to a flexible drain hose 7 extending along the lake bottom.
The submersible motor 32 is built in the pump drive unit 31. A captire cable 39 is connected from the control unit 60 to the upper part of the pump drive unit 31, and electric power supplied from the generator 2 provided on the floating body 1 on the lake is supplied from the control unit 60 via the captire cable 39 to the underwater. It is supplied to the motor 32.

The drive shaft 33 of the underwater motor 32 has its upper and lower portions rotatably supported by bearings 41A and 41B, and the lower end of the drive shaft 33 protrudes downward from the upper center of the casing 34. In the casing 34, an impeller 35 is coaxially mounted at the tip of a drive shaft 33. A shaft seal 42 such as a mechanical seal or an oil seal is provided between the pump drive unit 31 and the casing 34 at a position around the drive shaft 33 of the submersible motor 32.
Accordingly, when the submersible motor 32 is driven, the impeller 35 rotates in a predetermined direction to generate a vortex in the casing 34, and the pump drainage amount from the suction hopper 40 facing the lake bottom side is increased. The muddy water is sucked together with the crushed dredged material according to the above, and can be discharged from the suction port 36 to the drainage hose 7 through the drainage pipe 37.

[Crushing machine]
The crusher 20 of the present embodiment employs a twin-screw crusher that crushes by a slit cutter method. The crushing machine 20 has a fine crushing function using a twin slit cutter in which the pair of drum cutters 22 and 23 crush finely the dredged material to a size equal to or less than a predetermined size.
More specifically, the crusher 20 has a frame 45 provided integrally with the housing 38 below the housing 38. That is, the housing 38 and the frame 45 constitute “one housing”. In this frame 45, a pair of parallel horizontal rotating shafts 24 and 25 are supported, respectively, and a pair of cylindrical drum cutters 22 and 23 are mounted on the horizontal rotating shafts 24 and 25, respectively. You. The distal ends of both rotating shafts 24 and 25 are rotatably supported by a frame 45 via bearings 29.

At the base end of the hollow cylindrical rotary shafts 24, 25, a hydraulic motor 21 for rotating the rotary shafts 24, 25 is mounted. The hydraulic motor 21 includes a primary passage and a secondary passage (not shown) for supplying and discharging hydraulic oil. The primary and secondary passages are connected to the hydraulic pressure source to form a closed circuit of the crusher. Hydraulic oil circulates between the hydraulic motors 21.
Then, the pair of drum cutters 22 and 23 mutually shear the dredged material scraped into the frame 45 by the rotational driving of the rotary shafts 24 and 25 at a portion where the crushing blades 26 of the both shafts mesh. It is designed to be crushed by the slit cutter method.

In the crusher 20 of the present embodiment, the dimensions of the respective parts of the pair of drum cutters 22 and 23 are set so that the roughly crushed dredged material is finely crushed to a size equal to or less than a predetermined size. The pair of drum cutters 22 and 23 of the crusher 20 are provided with a scraper 44 at a position facing the crushing blade 26 and the spacer 27. The crushing blade 26 and the spacer 27 are fixed by a key 28.
The scraper 44 is disposed so as to protrude from the side of the frame 45 so as to fill a gap between the crushing blade 26 and the inner surface of the frame 45, and scrapes the dredged material sandwiched between the crushing blades 26 of the pair of drum cutters 22 and 23. To take.

  Thereby, the crusher 20 of the present embodiment crushes the dredged material by the action of both crushing blades 26 scraping the dredged material at the time of the forward rotation, and approaching so as to slidably contact the outer peripheral surface of the opposing spacer 27. It has the effect of doing. The dredged material is scraped from below the casing by the two crushing blades 26, and is moved toward the upper suction hopper 40 of the dredging pump 30 while being crushed by the shearing action of the slit cutter.

[rake]
The rake 10 is provided on the lower frame 45 of the dredging device 100 so as to be able to scrape off the sediment on the sediment scraping side of the crusher 20, and by opening and closing operation, discriminates between the scooped deciduous trees and the earth and sand and gravels. Is what you do.
As shown in FIG. 7, the rake 10 of the present embodiment has a pair of left and right rake arms 11 and 12 (the rake is not shown in FIG. 8). At the base ends of the rake arms 11 and 12, mounting portions 11j and 12j for rotatably mounting the rake arms 11 and 12 with respect to the frame 45 are provided. At the tip of each of the rake arms 11, 12, a plurality of comb-shaped forks 11f, 12f are provided.

In each of the rake arms 11 and 12 of this embodiment, a drive mechanism (not shown) such as a hydraulic motor is provided so as to be rotatable about a rotation support shaft of the mounting portions 11j and 12j. Are rotatably mounted.
Each of the rake arms 11 and 12 is configured such that a pair of rake arms 11 and 12 rotate in conjunction with each other as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, and the rake arms 11 and 12 move downward as shown in FIGS. 9A and 10A. In the closed state, the crusher 20 is rotated upward from the intervening posture positioned so as to intervene on the sediment scraping side of the crusher 20 and crushed as shown in FIGS. 9 (f) and 10 (f). The machine 20 is configured to be rotatable in a range up to a retracted position in which the scraping side of the machine 20 is retracted so as to be able to contact the stack.

[Operation and effects / effects]
Next, a procedure of dredging the sediment from the bottom SB of the dam lake by the dredging system including the above-described dredging station 50, and an operation and effect of the dredging method of the sediment by the dredging system and the dredging apparatus 100 will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 1, the floating body 1 hanging down from the dredging station 50 is anchored at a target position on the lake SL. Next, using a working machine 6 such as a crane installed on the floating body 1, the dredging station 50 is lowered into the water with the wire 5, and the dredging station 50 is placed on the bottom SB of the dam lake so that the dredging station 50 is arranged as shown in FIG. Install in an appropriate location.

  After the dredging station 50 is installed, the required pressure oil is supplied from the floating body 1 to the controller 61 via the umbilical cable 8, and power and control signals are supplied. When receiving the dredging start command from the management computer 9, the controller 61 of the dredging station 50 dredges a predetermined area inside the intermediate frame 51M with the dredging device 100. Hereinafter, the predetermined area inside the intermediate frame 51M is also referred to as “one section”.

The controller 61 starts excavation while maintaining the vertical posture of the dredging device 100 with respect to the platform 51. In the dredging apparatus 100, as shown in FIG. 2, the crusher 20 excavates the lake bottom SB of the dam lake into a rectangular cross section by the movement of the paired drum cutter, and the excavation trench filled with suspended sediment. VH is formed in the ground.
The controller 61 drives the dredging station 50 and the dredging device 100, while scraping off the sediment on the sediment scraping side of the crusher 20 by the rake 10 and scraping the sediment deposited on the lake bottom SB by the crusher 20. Crush.

In the scraping process by the rake 10, first, the pair of left and right rake arms 11, 12 is opposed to the lake bottom SB in the interposed posture shown in FIGS. 9A and 10A. Next, as shown in (b) to (f) of FIGS. 9 and 10, the pair of rake arms 11 and 12 is rotated so as to expand left and right.
Thereby, the surface deposits at positions facing the pair of drum cutters 22 and 23 of the crusher 20 can be scraped off. Here, in FIG. 9, focusing on the distance between the left and right forks 11f and 12f, the facing distance Wc in the interposed posture in FIG. 9A is set to a distance sufficiently smaller than the average size of the tree. Have been. As a result, in the intervening posture, the trees are prevented from invading from between the left and right forks 11f, 12f to the sediment scraping position KL (see FIG. 9E) of the pair of drum cutters 22, 23. Prevention).

Thereafter, as shown in FIGS. 7B to 7F, the pair of rake arms 11 and 12 expand right and left from the interposed posture, so that the opposing distances of the left and right forks 11f and 12f also become W1 to W2 to W3 to W4. However, the front ends of the left and right forks 11f and 12f are always lower than the sediment scraping position KL for the facing distances W1 to W3. Therefore, the deposits on the surface of the lake bottom SB are scraped off by the outer surfaces of the left and right forks 11f and 12f.
Then, by expanding the pair of rake arms 11 and 12 from the retracted positions shown in FIGS. 7E to 7F, the leading ends of the left and right forks 11f and 12f are rotated to a position higher than the deposit scraping position KL. Thereby, the pair of rake arms 11 and 12 is in a retracted state that does not hinder the operation of the crusher 20. Therefore, the crusher 20 can bring the sediment scraping side into contact with the sediment.

Next (or simultaneously with the scraping process), the pair of drum cutters 22 and 23 of the crusher 20 are driven, and the crushing blades 26 provided on each shaft and meshing with each other are rotated inward when used. (Forward rotation) and crush the sediment while scraping it. Then, the dredging pump 30 can suck the sediment together with the muddy water and move the sediment from the arrangement position of the dredging station 50 to the transfer position on the lake bottom through the drainage hose 7 arranged underwater.
Here, in the lake bottom SB of the dam lake, it is necessary to cope with soft ground, inclination and undulation that accumulate on the lake bottom. On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, the dredging device 100 is stably held in a state in which the vertical posture of the dredging device 100 is securely held with respect to the dredging yakura 52 while coping with the soft ground or the inclination or the undulation deposited on the lake bottom SB. Can be dredged.

Next, the controller 61 of the dredging station 50 moves the dredging device 100 within one section by a specific distance from the initial excavation position by moving the dredging device 100 in the X or Y direction by the X and Y moving frames 43, 44. I do. After that, the excavation in one section can be continued by repeating the excavation procedure from the excavation by drooping of the dredging device 100 to the excavation by horizontal movement of the dredging device 100.
The position where each support leg 66 is erected is raised and lowered as appropriate according to the width of the excavation groove and the lake bottom condition of the dam lake. That is, as shown in FIG. 2B, each support leg 66 is grounded according to the width of the excavation groove and the condition of the bottom of the dam lake so that the landing position of the dredging arrow 52 is stabilized. Then, in a state where the posture is stable, by repeating the horizontal excavation from the hanging excavation, the excavation in one section can be stably continued. Furthermore, the height of the dredging arrow 52 is adjusted by the raising and lowering operation of each support leg 66, so that dredging can be continued at a height one step lower.

Then, in one section, after dredging to the maximum dredging depth of the dredging device 100 in one section, the dredging station 50 moves itself in the XY plane after retreating the dredging apparatus 100, and moves to the next section. Dredging is performed sequentially so as to scan the entire XY plane. In this way, according to the dredging device 100, in one section, the dredging of the sediment can be continued at the bottom SB of the dam lake.
The movement in the XY plane and the dredging after the movement in one section may be automatically performed by a computer (the management computer 9 and the controller 61, etc.) as in the present embodiment, or may be performed by a dredging station. The operator may manually perform the operation 50 while monitoring the situation from the floating body 1 on the lake.
In addition, the dredging device according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Hereinafter, the second embodiment will be described.

[Second embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 11, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the rake has one skeleton bucket type rake 10B instead of a pair of left and right openable rake arms 11, 12. Different. Another difference is that there is provided a dredged material discriminating device capable of discriminating between sand and gravel of the dredged material and submerged trees.
The second embodiment has the same configuration as the first embodiment except that the configuration of the rake and the dredged material discriminating apparatus are provided. Therefore, the differences will be described below, and the same or corresponding configurations will be the same. And the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

[Rake of the second embodiment]
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the rake 10B provided at the lower stage is a skeleton bucket type rake, and has a sieve structure for sifting scooped earth and sand, gravels, and the like from sinking trees.
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the rake 10 of the present embodiment includes a left and right frame plates 13, 14 whose upper parts are rotatably supported by a frame 45, and a bucket between the two frame plates 13, 14. A plurality of sieve plates 16 provided in the section.

At the upper end side of both the frame plates 13 and 14, a mounting portion 10j for rotatably mounting itself to the frame 45 is provided. Similar to the first embodiment, the rake 10 of this embodiment is provided with a drive mechanism such as a hydraulic motor (not shown) provided on a rotation support shaft of the mounting portion 10j, and is rotatably mounted on the frame 45.
The sieve structure includes a connecting shaft 15 that connects the central portions of the two frame plates 13 and 14 to each other, and a plurality of sieves provided between the left and right frame plates 13 and 14 in parallel with the surfaces of the frame plates 13 and 14. And a plate 16. The plurality of sieve plates 16 are arranged side by side in the bucket width direction so as to extend in a substantially arc shape from the bucket opening side to the bucket deep side.

The plurality of sieve plates 16 have their base ends fixed to the connection shaft 15, and the front and middle portions of the plurality of sieve plates 16 are connected to the plurality of sieve plates 16 by connecting plates (not shown). It is configured in a bucket shape by being integrated with the above. Note that a plurality of forks are provided by protruding tip end sides of the plurality of sieve plates 16 to the front side surface of the bucket.
A plurality of sieve plates 16 and a connecting plate form a sieve structure provided in a lattice shape, thereby holding the trees in the bucket and sifting soil, water, etc. from the lattice-like sieve structure. I have.

  When this skeleton bucket type rake 10B is used, as shown in FIG. 13, the bottom of the lake is scraped off at the tip of the bucket to scoop up sediment such as earth and sand, and a small sieve structure. Maintains large sunken trees while dropping earth and water. In the rake 10B, the example in which the lattice-shaped sieve structure is formed by the plurality of sieve plates 16 and the connecting plate has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It may be formed.

[Ultrasonic camera]
Further, in the second embodiment, the dredging apparatus 100 is equipped with an ultrasonic camera 70 for judging the dredged material.
Specifically, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, as a dredged material discriminating device, an ultrasonic camera 70 attached to the dredging device 100, and the above-described controller 61 connected to the ultrasonic camera 70, It is comprised having.
The controller 61 functions as an ultrasonic echo processing device, and determines the state of the lake bottom by image processing based on the echo information acquired by the ultrasonic camera 70 in the dredging control processing. For example, when a large sediment such as a deciduous tree is not recognized on the lake bottom, the controller 61 shifts to the dredging operation, and moves the crusher 20 of the dredging device 100 downward by the same operation as the first embodiment. It is pushed down and slid, and is sucked and discharged by the dredging pump 30 installed above the crusher 20 together with earth and sand while crushing the cobblestone.

Then, according to the dredging station 50 of the second embodiment, based on the echo information acquired by the ultrasonic camera 70, when it is determined that a large sediment such as a deciduous tree exists at the lake bottom, as shown in FIG. First, the rake 10B is hung down to an interposition position where a large sediment is interposed on the sediment scraping side of the crusher, and in this interposition position, the dredging device 100 is driven so as to be pushed down. (Figure (a)). The symbol M1 in FIG. 7A indicates an image that drives the dredging device 100 to push it down.
Next, large sediments are scraped off in advance by sliding (moving from right to left in the figure) using the rake 10 installed in front of the crusher 20 of the dredging device 100 in the sliding direction ((b) in the figure). -(C)). A symbol M2 in FIG. 2B shows an image of scraping large sediments by sliding movement of the dredging device 100.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3D, the rake 10B is further rotated upward to a horizontal position. Thus, the rake 10B is in a retracted position in which the sediment scraping side of the crusher is retracted so as to be able to contact the sediment, and captures a large sediment such as a deciduous tree in the sieve portion of the rake 10B. A symbol M3 in FIG. 3D shows an image in which the rake 10B is rotated upward to capture large sediments such as deciduous trees in the sieve portion.
After that, according to the dredging station 50 of the second embodiment, with the rake 10B held in the evacuation position, the dredging device 100 is driven so as to be pushed further downward, and the sliding movement direction at the time of capturing large sediment is The crushing machine 20 is driven while sliding the dredging device 100 in the opposite direction (from the left side to the right side in the figure), and is installed above the crushing machine 20 while crushing the cobble stones in the same manner as a normal dredging operation. The dredging pump 30 sucks and discharges only soil and boulders.

Thus, according to the dredging station of the second embodiment, large sediments such as deciduous trees can be separated and discriminated in advance, so that organic matter and inorganic matter can be more reliably discriminated and inorganic matter can be selected and dredged. In particular, in the second embodiment, the dredging station 50 erected on the lake bottom SB is equipped with the ultrasonic camera 70, so that the organic matter and the inorganic matter are more highly accurate than the configuration in which the ultrasonic camera 70 is not equipped. This is suitable for selecting an inorganic substance and performing dredging.
It should be noted that the ultrasonic camera 70 of the second embodiment can be configured to further include the configuration of the first embodiment. Further, in the second embodiment, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the skeleton bucket type rake 10B is provided without the ultrasonic camera 70.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Floating body 2 Generator 3 Hydraulic pump 4 Floating body 5 Wire 6 Work equipment 7 Drain hose 8 Umbilical cable 9 Management computer 10, 10B Rake 11, 12 Rake arm 13, 14 Frame plate 15 Connecting shaft 16 Sieve plate 20 Crusher 21 Hydraulic motors 22, 23 Drum cutters 24, 25 Horizontal rotating shaft 26 Crushing blade 27 Spacer 29 Bearing 30 Dredge pump 31 Pump drive unit 32 Submersible motor 33 Drive shaft 34 Casing 35 Impeller 36 Suction port 37 Drain pipe 38 Housing 39 Cap tire cable 40 Suction hopper 42 Shaft seal 43 Moving frame 44 Scraper 45 Frame (housing)
50 Dredging Station 51 Platform 51M Intermediate Frame 51X Upper Frame 51Y Lower Frame 52 Dredge Yakura 53 Moving Frame 54 Moving Frame 60 Control Unit 61 Controller 66 Support Leg 69 Jack Mechanism 70 Ultrasonic Camera 80 Inertial Sensor 90 Lifting Device 91 Lifting Rack 92 Drive unit 100 Dredging device KL Sediment scraping position M Transfer position S Disposition position SB Lake bottom SL Lake VH Excavation trench

Claims (10)

  A crusher provided so as to be able to be crushed while scraping the sediment deposited on the bottom of the dam lake, a dredging pump installed at the top of the crusher, and a sediment on the sediment squeezing side of the crusher A rake provided so as to be able to be scraped away.   The dredging device according to claim 1, further comprising a rake drive mechanism for swinging or vertically moving the rake.   The rake has an interposition position positioned so as to be interposed on the sediment scraping side of the crusher, and a retreat position for retreating so that the sediment scraping side of the crusher can be brought into contact with the sediment. The dredging device according to claim 2, further comprising a pair of left and right rake arms rotatably provided. The rake is a skeleton bucket type,
It is rotatable between an interposition position positioned so as to be interposed on the sediment scraping side of the crusher, and a retreat position for retreating the sediment scraping side of the crusher so as to be able to contact the sediment. The dredging device according to claim 2, which is provided.   The dredging device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the crusher is a twin-screw crusher provided with a pair of drum cutters at a position facing a suction side of the dredging pump. A dredge for dredging erected on the bottom of a dam lake, and the dredging device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is equipped to the dredge for dredging,
The dredging station, wherein the crusher and the rake are provided in a single housing supported by the dredging arbor so as to be slidable up and down and left and right.   The dredging station according to claim 6, wherein the rake is provided so as to scrape the bottom of a dam lake in front of a direction in which the crusher is slid.   The dredge arrow is individually moved in the Z direction via a platform, a horizontal moving mechanism capable of moving the platform in at least one of an X direction and a Y direction orthogonal to each other in a horizontal plane, and a vertical moving mechanism. The dredging station according to claim 6, further comprising: a plurality of support legs configured to be slidable, each of the support legs being settled on the bottom of a dam lake.   The dredging station according to claim 8, further comprising a vertical movement mechanism for integrally moving the crusher and the dredging pump up and down. A dredging station according to any one of claims 6 to 9, and a floating body provided with a winch and provided on water,
A dredging system, wherein the dredging station is erected on the bottom of a dam lake via a wire wound around a winch attached to the floating body.

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