JP2019528253A - in situ免疫調節癌ワクチン接種のための放射性ハロゲン化剤 - Google Patents
in situ免疫調節癌ワクチン接種のための放射性ハロゲン化剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、参照によりその全文が本明細書に組み込まれる、2016年7月18日出願の米国特許仮出願第62/363608号の利益を主張する。
本発明は、米国国立衛生研究所によって与えられたCA197078の下で政府支援によってなされた。合衆国政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
本開示が記載されている特定の方法論、プロトコール、材料、および試薬に限定されず、これらが変わる可能性があることは理解される。本明細書において使用される用語は、特定の実施形態を説明することのみを目的としており、後に出願された非仮出願によってのみ限定される本発明の範囲を限定することを意図するものではない。
本開示は、1以上の悪性の固形腫瘍として存在するあらゆる癌を治療する方法に関する。開示される方法は、2つの治療ステップを組み合わせ、予期せぬ相乗効果によって、悪性固形腫瘍に対してはるかに改善されたin situワクチン接種効果をもたらす。具体的には、悪性固形腫瘍組織によって差次的に取り込まれ保持される免疫調節用量の放射性ハロゲン化化合物が患者に投与され、免疫刺激剤で治療されている少なくとも1つの悪性固形腫瘍への追加のxRTの有無にかかわらず、腫瘍微小環境内の特定の免疫細胞を刺激することができる1以上の薬剤を含む組成物を、少なくとも1つの悪性固形腫瘍内に腫瘍内注射すること(または適用すること)によって、in situ腫瘍ワクチン接種が実施される。免疫調節用量の放射性ハロゲン化化合物は、Tregレベル(およびその他の免疫抑制要素)を低下させる可能性が高く、xRTを1つの腫瘍に対して使用し、1以上の追加の腫瘍が照射されない場合に生じる免疫系の低下(付随する免疫寛容)を防ぐ。
腫瘍内免疫化に使用される組成物としては、限定されるものではないが、1以上のサイトカイン、免疫チェックポイント阻害剤、パターン認識アゴニスト、および/または腫瘍特異的抗原に対する抗体を含む免疫刺激性モノクローナル抗体を挙げることができる。腫瘍内免疫化/in situワクチン接種戦略の概説には(戦略の中には使用可能なものもある)、Pierce et al,Human Vaccines & Immunotherapoeutics 11(8):1901−1909,2015;およびMarabelle et al,Clin.Cancer Res.20(7):1747−56,2014;およびMorris et al,Cancer Res.,e−pub ahead of print,2016を参照されたい;これらすべては参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。本明細書に開示される限定されない例では、腫瘍内(imtratumoral)免疫化は、抗GD2 mAbとインターロイキン2の融合タンパク質(hu14.18−IL2)を注射することによって実施された。しかし、開示される方法は、決してこれらの例に限定されない。
使用される放射性ハロゲン化化合物は、放射性ハロゲン化化合物によって放出されるRTが、放出されたRTにその他の組織種を実質的にさらすことなく、悪性固形腫瘍組織に向けられるように、広範囲の固形腫瘍細胞種を選択的に標的としなければならない。そのような特徴を有する放射性ハロゲン化化合物には、MIBGまたは本明細書に開示されるリン脂質エーテル類似体が含まれる。放射性ハロゲン化化合物に含まれる放射性ハロゲン化同位体は、化合物を取り込む細胞の免疫刺激をもたらす形態でイオン化RTを放出することが知られているあらゆる放射性ハロゲン同位体であってよい。限定されない一例では、組み込まれた放射性ハロゲン同位体は、放射性ヨウ素同位体、例えばヨウ素−131などである。
開示される方法で使用されるアルキルホスホコリン類似体は、そのような類似体を合成する方法と同様に、当技術分野で公知である。合成材料および方法に関する詳細については、例えば、米国特許出願公開第2010/0284929号、同第2010/0316567号、同第2012/0128596号、同第2014/0030187号、および同第2014/0023587号を参照されたい。これらの各々は参照によりその全文が本明細書に組み込まれる。同様に、in situワクチン接種/腫瘍内免疫化癌治療で用いられる方法および組成物は当技術分野で公知である。
上に述べたように、本発明者らは、インビボイメージングと腫瘍増殖抑制研究の両方によって確認されたように、開示される方法で使用されるアルキルホスホコリン類似体が広範囲の成人および小児固形腫瘍に選択的に取り込まれることを以前に実証した。
In situワクチン接種は、腫瘍内注射によって実施することができるが、その他の投与を(局所または全身に)適用することができる。相乗的標的化RTには、どんな投与経路も適するであろう。一実施形態では、開示されるアルキルホスホコリン類似体は、静脈内注射を介して対象に投与されてよい。もう一つの実施形態では、開示されるアルキルホスホコリン類似体は、任意のその他の適した全身送達、例えば非経口投与、鼻腔内投与、舌下投与、直腸投与、または経皮投与を介して対象に投与されてよい。
実施例の序論
これらの実施例は、予想外の非常に強力な相乗効果を利用して、癌治療研究における2つの非常に異なる最先端の学問分野を1つにする可能性を示す。これらの学問分野は、1)全身投与されたTRT、および2)局所に向けられる、抗体に媒介される癌免疫療法である。本明細書に提示されるデータは、これらの手法を組み合わせることによって生じる強力な相乗効果を示唆する。一緒に、これらの2つの戦略を用いて、どんな部位のどんな種類の固形腫瘍に対しても、破壊された癌細胞が持続性残存転移性疾患を根絶することの可能な腫瘍特異的T細胞免疫を生じる強力なin situワクチンとして機能することを可能にする方法で、目に見える肉眼的腫瘍を破壊することができる。
Sondel研究室は、腫瘍特異的mAb+IL2が自然免疫細胞を活性化させてマウスにおいてADCCを媒介し[2]、神経芽腫をもつ小児にとって臨床的に有益である[3]ことを示した。マウスにおいて、hu14.18−IL2 ICのIV投与は、抗GD2 mAb+IL2のIV投与よりも強力であった[2、10]。これは、ごく小さい、最近確立されたGD2+腫瘍またはごく小さい顕微鏡レベルの転移に対して劇的な抗腫瘍効果を提供することができ、寛解状態であるが再発の危険性が高い患者におけるこの手法の臨床使用を潜在的に説明する[3]。測定可能な肉眼的腫瘍[すなわち、約50mm3のGD2+腫瘍]に対するより強力な抗腫瘍効果は、ICがIVよりもむしろ腫瘍内注射された(IT−IC)場合に実現され得る[4、5]。
本発明者らのデータはこれらの4つの仮説を示唆する:(1)1つの腫瘍を治療するために使用したxRTの用量は、適度の直接インビボ腫瘍死を引き起こし、免疫に媒介される死(ADCCとT細胞の両方による)に対する感受性を増大させる;(2)IT mAbでなくIT−ICの添加によってもたらされる強いT細胞応答は、IL2の存在下で照射を受けた腫瘍細胞と結合するmAbが、抗原提示および適応免疫の誘導の増強を促進することを示唆する;(3)第2の腫瘍が存在すると、第2の腫瘍に存在する免疫抑制細胞[例えばTregおよびおそらく骨髄系由来サプレッサー細胞(MDSC)など]の全身作用によって主に引き起こされる寛容性のために、第1の腫瘍へのxRT+IT−ICが実質的にどんな抗腫瘍効果も引き起こさない;この寛容性は、Tregの枯渇(図4)または第2の腫瘍への照射(図3)によって回避することができる;(4)寛容性を回避するために第2の腫瘍で必要なRTの用量は、第1の腫瘍が「in situワクチン」となるために必要なxRT用量よりもはるかに低いかもしれない[14]。
C57BL/6マウスにおけるTRTによる線量測定およびTRTからの免疫抑制。
2腫瘍B78モデルにおけるTRT+xRT+IT−ICの有効性の試験。
1または2の腫瘍を有するマウスに対するさまざまなxRT用量を評価する用量滴定実験が実施された。第1の目的は、1つの腫瘍を有するマウスにおいて、相乗作用、およびIT−IC、IL2と結合した腫瘍反応性mAbを含む「in situワクチン」を促進するために必要なxRTの用量を試験することであった。初期実験により、12GyのRT単独は確立されたB78黒色腫腫瘍を根絶することもその増殖を後退させることもなく(完全な退縮は0%)、一方、12Gy+IT−ICは1つの腫瘍を有するマウスにおいて大部分のB78腫瘍の完全な退縮をもたらす(66%)という、本発明者らの以前の知見が確認された。一方、2Gy+IT−ICは、IT−IC単独と比較して腫瘍の進行を遅らせる(32日目の平均腫瘍サイズは、それぞれ、472mm3と1214mm3)が、どのマウスも無病にならなかった(完全な退縮0%)。
上記の予備データに基づいて、これらのコンセプトをTRTを用いるインビボ試験に移すための研究が行われてきた。線量測定研究は、1または2のB78腫瘍を有するマウス(本発明者らの最良のin situワクチン手法およびCITのハードルを実証するために本発明者らが使用している腫瘍モデル)で実施した。これは、約2GyのxRTに近づくために必要となる131I−NM404の量を推定するために行われた。
この実施例は、少なくとも2つの部位に腫瘍を有する動物を治療することを説明する。本発明者らの戦略は、すべての腫瘍部位で抗腫瘍免疫活性を増強させるために、CITを抑制するための全身性TRTと組み合わせた、xRTおよびin situワクチン部位での局所IT−ICの使用を含む。TRTおよびxRTの用量およびタイミングの重大な問題は、抗腫瘍効果のために最適化される。
マウス黒色腫および膵腫瘍モデルにおける遠隔未処置腫瘍による、局所xRT+IT−ICの組合せに対する原発性腫瘍応答の腫瘍特異的抑制。
[1]Hank JA,Robinson RR,Surfus J,Mueller BM,Reisfeld RA,Cheung N−−K and Sondel PM.Augmentation of antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity following in vivo therapy with recombinant Interleukin−2.Cancer Res.50:5234−9.1990.
[2]Neal ZC,Yang JC,Rakhmilevich AL,Buhtoiarov I,Lum HE,Imboden M,Hank JA,Lode HN,Reisfeld RA,Gillies SD,Sondel PM.Enhanced activity of hu14.18‐IL2 IC against the murine NXS2 neuroblastoma when combined with IL2 therapy.Clin Cancer Res.2004 Jul 15;10(14):4839−47.
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Claims (39)
- 対象において1以上の悪性固形腫瘍を含む癌を治療する方法であって、
(a)悪性固形腫瘍組織によって差次的に(differentially)取り込まれ保持される、免疫調節用量の放射性ハロゲン化化合物を前記対象に投与するステップ;および
(b)腫瘍微小環境内の特定の免疫細胞を刺激することができる1以上の治療を用いて前記対象の前記1以上の悪性固形腫瘍にin situ腫瘍ワクチン接種を実施するステップ;
を含み、
それによって前記対象において前記癌を治療する、方法。 - 前記腫瘍微小環境内の特定の免疫細胞を刺激することができる前記1以上の治療が、前記腫瘍をxRTで治療することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記腫瘍微小環境内の特定の免疫細胞を刺激することができる前記1以上の治療が、前記腫瘍微小環境内の特定の免疫細胞を刺激することができる1以上の薬剤を含む組成物を、前記悪性固形腫瘍の少なくとも1つに腫瘍内注射することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記腫瘍微小環境内の特定の免疫細胞を刺激することができる前記1以上の薬剤が、免疫刺激性mAb、パターン認識受容体アゴニスト、免疫刺激性サイトカイン、免役刺激性ナノ粒子、腫瘍溶解性ウイルス、およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫刺激性mAbが、抗GD2抗体、抗CTLA−4抗体、抗CD137抗体、抗CD134抗体、抗PD−1抗体、抗KIR抗体、抗LAG−3抗体、抗PD−L1抗体、抗CD40抗体、およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫刺激性mAbが、腫瘍特異的抗原に対する抗体である、請求項4または請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫刺激性mAbが、抗GD2抗体である、請求項5または請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記腫瘍微小環境内の特定の免疫細胞を刺激することができる1以上の薬剤を含む前記組成物が、インターロイキン−2(IL−2)をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記抗GD2抗体が、hu14.18を含む、請求項5または請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、IL−2をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫刺激性サイトカインが、IL−2、インターロイキン−15(IL−15)、インターロイキン−21(IL−21)、インターロイキン−12(IL−12)、またはインターフェロンである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫刺激性サイトカインがIL−2である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記パターン認識受容体アゴニストが、Toll様受容体(TLR)のアゴニストである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記TLRが、TLR−1、TLR−2、TLR−3、TLR−4、TLR−5、TLR−6、TLR−7、TLR−8、TLR−9、およびTLR−10からなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ハロゲン化化合物が、メタヨードベンジルグアニジン(MIBG)であり、前記MIBG中の前記ヨウ素原子が放射性ヨウ素同位体である、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ヨウ素同位体が、123I、124I、125I、および131Iからなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ハロゲン化化合物が、式:
R1は、放射性ハロゲン同位体を含み;
aは、0または1であり;
nは、12〜30の整数であり;
mは、0または1であり;
Yは、−H、−OH、−COOH、−COOX、−OX、および−OCOXからなる群から選択され、Xは、アルキルまたはアリールアルキルであり;
R2は、−N+H3、−N+H2Z、−N+HZ2、および−N+Z3からなる群から選択され、各Zは、独立にアルキルまたはアリールである、
請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記放射性ハロゲン同位体が、臭素、ヨウ素またはアスタチンの放射性同位体である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ハロゲン同位体が、123I、124I、125I、131I、および211Asからなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ハロゲン同位体が、放射性ヨウ素同位体である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ヨウ素同位体が、123I、124I、125I、または131Iである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ヨウ素同位体が131Iである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- aが1であり、mが0である、請求項17〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- nが18である、請求項17〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- R2が−N+H3である、請求項17〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- aが1であり、mが0であり、nが18であり、R2が−N+H3である、請求項17〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ハロゲン同位体が、123I、124I、125I、または131Iである(前記化合物が[123I]−NM404、[124I]−NM404、[125I]−NM404または[131I]−NM404である)、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ハロゲン同位体が、131Iである(前記化合物が[131I]−NM404である)、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ハロゲン化化合物が静脈内投与される、請求項1〜28のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象がヒトである、請求項1〜29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記悪性固形腫瘍の1つをxRTに曝露することをさらに含む、請求項1〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ハロゲン化化合物の免疫刺激用量を決定するステップをさらに含む、請求項1〜31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ハロゲン化化合物の前記免疫調節用量を決定する前記ステップが、前記対象に検出促進用量の請求項15または請求項17に記載の前記放射性ハロゲン化化合物を投与し、続いて前記放射性ハロゲン化化合物内の前記放射性ハロゲン同位体に特徴的な、前記対象内の前記1以上の悪性固形腫瘍から発するシグナルを検出することを含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ハロゲン化化合物の前記免疫調節用量が、前記対象内の前記1以上の悪性固形腫瘍から発する前記シグナルの強度から計算される、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性ヨウ素ハロゲンに特徴的なシグナルを検出する前記ステップが、ポジトロン放出断層撮影(PET)画像法、または単一光子放射型コンピュータ断層撮影法(SPECT)画像法によって実施される、請求項33または請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記検出促進用量で使用される放射性ヨウ素化化合物に含まれる前記放射性ハロゲン同位体が、211As、123I、124I、125I、および131Iからなる群から選択される、請求項33〜34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記検出促進用量で使用される前記放射性ヨウ素化化合物に含まれる前記放射性ハロゲン同位体が、124Iである、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記検出促進用量で使用される前記放射性ハロゲン化化合物が[124I]−NM404である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 治療される前記癌が、黒色腫、神経芽腫、肺癌、副腎癌、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、卵巣癌、前立腺癌、肝癌、皮下癌、皮膚または頭頸部の扁平上皮癌、腸癌、網膜芽細胞腫、子宮頸癌、神経膠腫、乳癌、膵臓癌、軟部組織肉腫、ユーイング肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、骨肉腫、網膜芽細胞腫、ウィルムス腫瘍、および小児脳腫瘍からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜38のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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IL264267A (en) | 2019-02-28 |
AU2017300361A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
US12109256B2 (en) | 2024-10-08 |
IL264267B (en) | 2022-04-01 |
KR20190035754A (ko) | 2019-04-03 |
CN109689100A (zh) | 2019-04-26 |
US10736949B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 |
EP3484513B1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
CA3031076A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
JP7490361B2 (ja) | 2024-05-27 |
CA3031076C (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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