JP2019520392A - ヒト酵素媒介性シスチン枯渇 - Google Patents
ヒト酵素媒介性シスチン枯渇 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019520392A JP2019520392A JP2019500316A JP2019500316A JP2019520392A JP 2019520392 A JP2019520392 A JP 2019520392A JP 2019500316 A JP2019500316 A JP 2019500316A JP 2019500316 A JP2019500316 A JP 2019500316A JP 2019520392 A JP2019520392 A JP 2019520392A
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Abstract
Description
本明細書で開示及び特許請求されている本発明は、Aeglea BioTherapeutics,Inc.とThe Board of Regents of The University of Texas Systemとの共同研究の範囲内で進められた。
本発明は概して、医学及び生物学分野に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、ヒトの治療法に好適な、高いシステイン/シスチン分解活性及び安定性を有する霊長類酵素の操作に関する。更により具体的には、本発明は、L−シスチン及びL−システインの両方を枯渇させる酵素を用いてシスチン尿症を治療するための組成物及び方法に関する。
シスチン尿症は、腎臓の近位尿細管にあるシスチン及び二塩基性アミノ酸トランスポーターをコードするSLC3A1及びSLC7A9遺伝子における変異により引き起こされる遺伝性疾患であり、シスチン(アミノ酸であるシステインのジスルフィド形態)の異常排泄、及び尿路中でのシスチン結晶/結石の形成をもたらす。欠陥性腎臓トランスポーターが、腎濾過中にシスチンを再取り込みすることができない遺伝性疾患であるシスチン尿症を患う患者が利用可能な治療薬は、ほとんど存在しない。アミノ酸L−システインのジスルフィド形態であるシスチンは、非常に不溶性であり、シスチン尿症患者においては、尿路内で高濃度に達し、シスチン結晶及び結石の形成をもたらす。循環するシスチン量を減少させる既存の治療法は、尿路での結石の形成を部分的に予防するが、それらの使用を制限する著しい副作用を有する。
システインは、酵素シスタチオニン−β−シンターゼ(CBS)及びシスタチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(CGL)を含む硫黄転換作用経路により、必須アミノ酸であるL−メチオニンに由来するホモシステインから合成することができるため、非必須アミノ酸と考えられている。したがって、無傷の硫黄転換作用経路によるシステインの枯渇は、通常組織に対しては比較的無毒であると予想される。
本明細書で使用する場合、用語「タンパク質」及び「ポリペプチド」は、ペプチド結合を介して結合したアミノ酸を含む化合物を意味し、互換的に用いられる。
リアーゼは、様々な化学結合を破壊し、多くの場合、新しい二重結合または新しい環状構造を形成することを触媒する酵素である。例えば、この反応:ATP→cAMP+PPiを触媒する酵素はリアーゼである。リアーゼは、1方向での反応では1つの基質のみを、しかし逆反応では2つの基質を必要とするという点で他の酵素とは異なる。
非ヒトタンパク質治療薬の使用で臨床的に見られる、免疫原性の好ましくない効果により、発明者らは、治療的に関係あるシスチン/システイン分解活性をヒト酵素に組み入れる(即ち、シスチン/システインに対して高kcat及び低KM値を有し、好ましい特異性を示すように酵素を操作する)ことを追及した。ヒトは、シスタチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(hCGL)と呼ばれる酵素を有し、この機能は、哺乳類の硫黄転換作用経路(Rao et al.,1990)の最終工程、即ち、L−シスタチオニンのL−システイン、アルファ−ケトブチレート、及びアンモニアへの転換を触媒することである。ヒトCGLはまた、L−システイン及びそのジスルフィド形態であるL−シスチンをわずかに分解することができ、L−システインを、操作の理想的候補とする。構造的に、及び系統学的に誘導される突然変異誘発を用いて、hCGLバリアントを、L−システイン及びL−シスチンの両方を効率的に加水分解するように操作した。
特定の態様において、ポリペプチドは、L−シスチン及び/またはL−システインを枯渇させる新規の酵素を用いた、シスチン尿症などの疾患の治療に使用することができる。本発明は、L−シスチン/システイン分解活性を有する改変CGLを使用する治療方法について具体的に開示する。本発明の特定の実施形態は、治療効果が増加した、L−シスチン/システイン分解活性を有する新規の酵素を提供する。
本発明の組成物及び方法は、例えば、異種ペプチドセグメントまたはポリマー、例えばポリエチレングリコールとのコンジュゲート形成による、操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼを含む。更なる態様において、操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼは酵素の流体力学的半径を増加させるためにPEGに結合させてもよく、それ故、血清の持続性を増加させることができる。特定の態様において、開示したポリペプチドを、任意のターゲティング物質、例えば、標的細胞上の外部レセプターまたは結合部位に特異的かつ安定して結合する能力を有するリガンドとコンジュゲートさせてもよい(例えば、米国特許公開第2009/0304666号)。
本発明の特定の実施形態は、融合タンパク質に関する。これらの分子は、N末端またはC末端にて異種ドメインに連結した改変シスタチオナーゼを有してよい。例えば、融合は、異種宿主におけるタンパク質の組み換え発現を可能にするために、他の種由来のリーダー配列も利用することができる。別の有用な融合としては、融合タンパク質の精製を容易にすることができる、タンパク質親和性タグ、例えば血清アルブミン親和性タグまたは6個のヒスチジン残基、あるいは、免疫活性ドメイン、例えば、好ましくは切断可能な抗体エピトープの付加が挙げられる。非限定的親和性タグとしては、ポリヒスチジン、キチン結合タンパク質(CBP)、マルトース結合タンパク質(MBP)、及び、グルタチオン−S−トランスフェラーゼ(GST)が挙げられる。
特定の実施形態において、操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼは、二官能性架橋試薬を使用して化学的にコンジュゲートすることができ、または、ペプチドリンカーを用いてタンパク質レベルで融合させることができる。
本発明の特定の態様において、操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼのPEG化に関連する方法及び組成物が開示される。例えば、操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼは、本明細書で開示される方法に従いPEG化することができる。
特定の実施形態において、本発明は、少なくとも1種類のタンパク質またはペプチド、例えば操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼを含む新規組成物に関する。これらのペプチドを融合タンパク質に含めてよい、または、上述した作用物質とコンジュゲートさせてよい。
本発明の特定の態様において、操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼ、または改変シスチナーゼ/システイナーゼを含有する融合タンパク質をコードする核酸配列が開示され得る。使用する発現系に応じて、核酸配列を、従来の方法に基づいて選択することができる。例えば、操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼが霊長類CGLに由来し、かつ大腸菌ではほとんど利用されない複数のコドンを含有する場合、このことは、発現を妨げる場合がある。したがって、対応する遺伝子またはそのバリアントは、大腸菌発現のためにコドン最適化されていてよい。対象のタンパク質、例えば操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼを発現させるために、様々なベクターを使用することもできる。例示的なベクターとしては、プラスミドベクター、ウイルスベクター、トランスポゾン、またはリポソーム系ベクターが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
宿主細胞は、操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼ及びそのコンジュゲートの発現及び分泌を可能にするために形質転換され得る任意のものであってよい。宿主細胞は細菌、哺乳類細胞、酵母菌、または糸状菌であってよい。様々な細菌としては、エシェリキア属(Escherichia)及びバチルス属(Bacillus)が挙げられる。サッカロミセス属(Saccharomyces)、クリベロマイセス属(Kiuyveromyces)、ハンゼヌラ属(Hansenula)、またはピチア属(Pichia)に属する酵母菌は、適切な宿主細胞としての使用が見出される。以下の属を含む様々な種の糸状菌を、発現宿主として使用してよい:アスペルギルス属(Aspergillus)、トリコデルマ属(Trichoderma)、アカパンカビ属(Neurospora)、ペニシリウム属(Penicillium)、セファロスポリウム属(Cephalosporium)、アクリャ属(Achlya)、ポドスポラ属(Podospora)、エンドティア属(Endothia)、ケカビ属(Mucor)、コクリオボルス属(Cochliobolus)、及びピリクラリア属(Pyricularia)。
タンパク質精製技術は当業者に周知である。これらの技術は、あるレベルにおいて、細胞、組織または臓器の、ポリペプチド及び非ポリペプチド画分への、均質化及び粗分画を伴う。別途記載のない限り、対象の対象ポリペプチドを、クロマトグラフ及び電気泳動技術を使用して更に精製し、部分的または完全な精製(または、精製による均質化)をもたらすことができる。純粋なペプチドの調製に特に適している分析方法は、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、ゲル排除クロマトグラフィー、ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー、イムノアフィニティークロマトグラフィー、及び等電点電気泳動である。ペプチドの精製に特に効率的な方法は、中高圧液体クロマトグラフィー(FPLC)、または更には高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)である。
新規のシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼは、全身投与または局所投与可能であることが意図される。これらは、静脈内投与、髄腔内投与、及び/または腹腔内投与することができる。
特定の実施形態において、本実施形態の組成物及び方法は、第2の、または追加の治療法と組み合わせたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼの投与を伴う。このような治療法は、シスチン/システイン依存性に関連する、任意の疾患の治療に適用することができる。例えば、疾患はシスチン尿症であってよい。
シスチン結石を除去する最も一般的な方法の1つは、経皮腎切石術であり、この方法では、鍵穴型の切り込みを背中に作り、腎盂鏡を使用して結石を破壊し除去する。この手順は、観血手術よりも侵襲性が低いものの、2、3日の入院、及び数週間の回復時間と共に、標準の麻酔または脊髄麻酔が通常必要である。
シスチン尿症患者は多くの場合、生涯において結石形成の症状再発、及び手術を有する。結石の分解のために高エネルギーの衝撃波を使用する衝撃波砕石術を、1.5cm未満のシスチン結石の治療に使用することができる。シスチン結石は、全ての泌尿器結石で最も頑強であり、砕石術は通常、これらの破壊には効果がない。しかし、より高いエネルギーでより高頻度の衝撃を使用することができるため、より小さなシスチン結石は、砕石術により分解することができる。
薬物療法は、チオール含有薬剤、例えばD−ペニシラミン、α−メルカプトプロピオニルグリシン(Thiola)、及びカプトプリルを使用して、シスチンジスルフィド結合を破壊し、より可溶性の混合ジスルフィドを形成することを伴う。しかし、これらの薬剤は頻繁に、胃腸の不耐性、発疹、及び関節痛などの様々な不快な副作用を患者に与えてしまう(Sakhaee and Sutton,1996)。
追加の治療の過程は通常、泌尿器のシスチン量を管理して、結石形成のリスクを低下させることを含む。これらの管理法としては、水分摂取量の実質的な増加(それにより、尿体積、及び可溶化できるシスチンの量を増加させる)、シスチンの代謝前駆体であるメチオニン、及びナトリウムの食事制限、ならびに、クエン酸カリウムを経口投与することにより尿のpHを増加させることによる、シスチンの溶解度の増加が挙げられる。
本発明の特定の態様は、治療用キットなどのキットを提供してよい。例えば、キットは、本明細書に記載した1種類以上の医薬組成物、及び場合により、それらの使用のための取扱説明書を含んでよい。キットは、このような組成物の投与を成し遂げるための、1種類以上のデバイスを更に含んでよい。例えば、対象キットは、組成物を尿路に直接静脈内注射することを達成するための、医薬組成物及びカテーテルを含んでよい。別の実施形態において、対象キットは、送達デバイスと共に使用するために、操作されたシスチナーゼ/システイナーゼが予め充填された、場合により薬剤として製剤化された、または凍結乾燥したアンプルを含んでよい。
以下の実施例は、本発明の好ましい実施形態を例証するために含まれる。後に続く実施例で開示した技術は、発明者により発見された技術が、本発明の実施に際して十分機能することを示し、それ故、その実施のための好ましい方式を構成すると考えることができるということが、当業者により理解されなければならない。しかし、当業者は、本開示の観点から、開示されている特定の実施形態において、多くの変更を加えることができ、依然として、本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱することなしに同様の、または類似の結果を得ることができることを理解しなければならない。
尿路中で結石形成を予防するまたは逆行させるhCGL−TVの能力は、以前、膀胱中でシスチン結石を発症させ、腎臓では、さほどでないにせよ発症させることが報告されていた(Ercolani et al.,2010)、Slc3a1ノックアウトマウスで評価された。この研究プロジェクトのために使用したSlc3a1マウスモデルは、Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Inc.により産生されたES細胞クローン16054A−G2から作製され、University of California Davis(U42RR024244)のKOMP Repository(www.komp.org)により、マウスにクローニングされた。この系統を更に繁殖させ、DTCCコンソーシアムの一部としてのCharles River研究室によるKOMP2プロジェクトの一部として、KOMP Repository(www.komp.org)に提供した。
シスチン尿症を有する、またはシスチン尿症の発症リスクを有する対象を治療する方法であって、
天然霊長類シスタチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(CGL)のアミノ酸配列(配列番号:1及び7〜10を参照)と比較して、前記天然霊長類CGL配列の59位のスレオニン及び339位のバリンを含む少なくとも2つの置換を有する、単離された改変霊長類CGL酵素、または
前記単離された改変霊長類シスタチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(CGL)酵素をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸
を含む治療上有効量の製剤を前記対象に投与することを含む、前記方法。
[本発明1002]
前記酵素が、異種ペプチドセグメントを更に含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
前記異種ペプチドセグメントが、XTENペプチド、IgG Fc、アルブミン、またはアルブミン結合ペプチドである、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1004]
前記酵素が、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)に結合している、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1005]
前記酵素が、1つ以上のリジンまたはシスチン残基を介してPEGに結合している、本発明1004の方法。
[本発明1006]
前記対象が、L−シスチン及び/またはL−システインを制限した食事に維持される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1007]
前記対象が、メチオニンを制限した食事に維持される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1008]
前記対象が、通常の食事に維持される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1009]
前記対象がヒト患者である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1010]
前記対象が齧歯類である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1011]
前記製剤が、静脈内投与、皮内投与、動脈内投与、腹腔内投与、病巣内投与、頭蓋内投与、関節内投与、前立腺内投与、胸膜内投与、気管内投与、眼内投与、鼻腔内投与、硝子体内投与、腟内投与、直腸内投与、筋肉内投与、皮下投与、結膜下投与、小胞内投与、粘膜投与、心膜内投与、臍帯内投与、経口投与、吸入、注射、注入、連続注入、標的細胞を直接浸漬する局所潅流、カテーテルを介した投与、または洗浄を介した投与により投与される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1012]
前記対象が以前にシスチン尿症の治療を受けており、シスチン尿症の再発を予防するために前記酵素が投与される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1013]
少なくとも第2のシスチン尿症療法を前記対象に施すことを更に含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1014]
前記第2のシスチン尿症治療法が、外科療法または衝撃波療法である、本発明1013の方法。
本発明の他の目的、特徴、及び利点が、以下の詳細の説明から明らかとなるであろう。しかし、本発明の趣旨及び範囲内の様々な変化及び変更が、この詳細の説明から当業者には明らかとなるであろうため、詳細の説明及び具体的な実施例は、本発明の好ましい実施形態を示しているものの、実例としてのみ与えられることが理解されなければならない。
Claims (14)
- シスチン尿症を有する、またはシスチン尿症の発症リスクを有する対象を治療する方法であって、
天然霊長類シスタチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(CGL)のアミノ酸配列(配列番号:1及び7〜10を参照)と比較して、前記天然霊長類CGL配列の59位のスレオニン及び339位のバリンを含む少なくとも2つの置換を有する、単離された改変霊長類CGL酵素、または
前記単離された改変霊長類シスタチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(CGL)酵素をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸
を含む治療上有効量の製剤を前記対象に投与することを含む、前記方法。 - 前記酵素が、異種ペプチドセグメントを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記異種ペプチドセグメントが、XTENペプチド、IgG Fc、アルブミン、またはアルブミン結合ペプチドである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記酵素が、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)に結合している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記酵素が、1つ以上のリジンまたはシスチン残基を介してPEGに結合している、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、L−シスチン及び/またはL−システインを制限した食事に維持される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、メチオニンを制限した食事に維持される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、通常の食事に維持される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象がヒト患者である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が齧歯類である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記製剤が、静脈内投与、皮内投与、動脈内投与、腹腔内投与、病巣内投与、頭蓋内投与、関節内投与、前立腺内投与、胸膜内投与、気管内投与、眼内投与、鼻腔内投与、硝子体内投与、腟内投与、直腸内投与、筋肉内投与、皮下投与、結膜下投与、小胞内投与、粘膜投与、心膜内投与、臍帯内投与、経口投与、吸入、注射、注入、連続注入、標的細胞を直接浸漬する局所潅流、カテーテルを介した投与、または洗浄を介した投与により投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が以前にシスチン尿症の治療を受けており、シスチン尿症の再発を予防するために前記酵素が投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも第2のシスチン尿症療法を前記対象に施すことを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のシスチン尿症治療法が、外科療法または衝撃波療法である、請求項13に記載の方法。
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PCT/US2017/040897 WO2018009663A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2017-07-06 | Human-enzyme mediated depletion of cystine for treating patients with cystinuria |
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KR101914023B1 (ko) | 2010-02-04 | 2018-11-01 | 아에메이즈, 인코포레이티드 | 메티오닌-감마-라이아제 효소를 이용하여 유전자조작된 효소 및 이의 약리학적 제제 |
EP3039139B1 (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2018-10-10 | Board of Regents, The University of Texas System | Engineered primate l-methioninase for therapeutic purposes |
JP2016528920A (ja) | 2013-08-29 | 2016-09-23 | ボード・オブ・リージエンツ,ザ・ユニバーシテイ・オブ・テキサス・システム | 抗新生剤としての改変霊長類シスチン/システイン分解酵素 |
US10865403B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2020-12-15 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Engineered primate cystine/cysteine degrading enzymes for therapeutic uses |
MX2019013458A (es) | 2017-05-12 | 2020-01-15 | Univ Texas | Disminucion de homocisteina mediada por enzimas humanas para el tratamiento de pacientes con hiperhomocisteinemia y homocistinuria. |
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PT3338765T (pt) * | 2009-12-01 | 2019-03-18 | Translate Bio Inc | Derivado de esteróide adequado para a administração de arnm em doenças genéticas humanas |
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US20060275279A1 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-07 | Rozzell J D | Methods for dissolving cystine stones and reducing cystine in urine |
WO2015031735A1 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Engineered primate cystine/cysteine degrading enzymes as antineogenic agents |
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EP3481425A1 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
BR112019000215A2 (pt) | 2019-04-24 |
AU2017291842A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
CA3028771A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
KR20190026813A (ko) | 2019-03-13 |
EP3481425A4 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
MX2019000235A (es) | 2019-05-30 |
IL263997A (en) | 2019-02-03 |
WO2018009663A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
US20180008681A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
CN109562178A (zh) | 2019-04-02 |
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