JP2019505511A - 悪性疾患、自己免疫疾患および炎症性疾患を処置するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
悪性疾患、自己免疫疾患および炎症性疾患を処置するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、そのいくつかの実施形態では、悪性疾患、自己免疫疾患および炎症性疾患を処置するための、T細胞疲弊を防止または逆行させ、且つB制御性細胞の活性またはレベルを増強するための組成物および方法に関する。
SLAMF1はまた、腫瘍で役割を果たすことが以前に示されている。ホジキンリンパ腫細胞株上のSLAMF1受容体へのライゲーションにより、AKTは細胞質から核へ移行する。このAKT経路は細胞生存を促進することが公知である(非特許文献4)。CLLでは、SLAMF1が過剰発現することにより、正常なB細胞と比較して、CLL細胞においてSLAMF1を介したシグナル伝達調節の異常が示唆された(非特許文献5)。多発性骨髄腫患者では、健康なコントロールと比較して、SLAMF1がRNA発現に関して多発性骨髄腫細胞において高発現する遺伝子であることが見出された。SLAMF1の別の興味深い特徴は、中枢神経系の腫瘍上ならびに子宮頸部、食道、直腸、および口腔の癌腫内ならびに皮膚基底細胞癌内で発現することであり、これらの腫瘍に対応する正常組織ではこの受容体を発現しない。
特許文献3は、CD84様ポリペプチド活性をアゴナイズするかアンタゴナイズすることによって慢性白血病などの疾患を処置する方法を開示している。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態を、ほんの一例として、添付の図面を参照して本明細書中に記載する。ここでは図面に関して詳細に言及しているが、示した特定事項は本発明の実施形態の例示および考察の実例を目的としていることを強く主張する。これに関して、図面と共に説明を参照することにより、どのようにして本発明の実施形態を実施することができるかが当業者に明らかとなる。
本発明は、そのいくつかの実施形態では、悪性疾患、自己免疫疾患、および炎症性疾患を処置するための、T細胞疲弊を防止または逆行させ、且つB制御性細胞の活性またはレベルを増強するための組成物および方法に関する。
1.CD84またはSLAMF1を発現する細胞の、成熟二本鎖miRNAでの一過性トランスフェクション。
2.CD84またはSLAMF1を発現する細胞の、成熟miRNAをコードする発現ベクターでの安定な、または一過性のトランスフェクション。
3.CD84またはSLAMF1を発現する細胞の、pre−miRNAをコードする発現ベクターでの安定な、または一過性のトランスフェクション。pre−miRNA配列は、45〜90、60〜80、または60〜70ヌクレオチドを含み得る。pre−miRNA配列は、本明細書中に記載のmiRNAおよびmiRNA*を含み得る。pre−miRNA配列はまた、pri−miRNAの5’末端および3’末端由来の0〜160ヌクレオチドが排除されているpri−miRNA配列であり得る。
4.CD84またはSLAMF1を発現する細胞の、pri−miRNAをコードする発現ベクターでの安定な、または一過性のトランスフェクション。pri−miRNA配列は、45〜30,000、50〜25,000、100〜20,000、1,000〜1,500、または80〜100ヌクレオチドを含み得る。pri−miRNA配列は、本明細書中に記載のpre−miRNA、miRNA、およびmiRNA*、ならびにそのバリアントを含み得る。
オリゴ 3’−−A G G T
二重鎖 5’−−A G C T
二重鎖 3’−−T C G A
過敏症の例には、I型過敏症、II型過敏症、III型過敏症、IV型過敏症、即時型過敏症、抗体媒介性過敏症、免疫複合体媒介性過敏症、Tリンパ球媒介性過敏症、およびDTHが含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
間質細胞株
マウスBM細胞株M210B4(CRL−1972)を、ATCC(Manassas,VA,USA)から購入し、10%(v/v)ウシ胎児血清を含むRPMI1640中に維持した。細胞を3日毎に継代し、新規の継代は、14.5×103細胞/cm2を播種した。
B−CLL細胞を、種々の病期のCLL患者の末梢血から得た(Hematology Institute of the Kaplan Medical Center,Rehovot,Israel;Tel−Aviv Sourasky Medical Center,Tel Aviv,Israel;およびAsaf Harofeh Medical Center,Tzrifin,Israel)。
初代ヒト骨髄(BM)間質細胞(BMSC)培養物を、確認されたCLL患者および健康な骨髄の特徴を有する患者の両方から得たBM穿刺液から樹立した(Asaf Harofeh Medical Center,Tzriffin,Israel)。単核球を、フィコール・ハイパーク密度勾配上に重層することによって単離した。その後に1×106個の細胞を、ウシ胎児血清を含む24ウェルプレートにプレートし、1時間インキュベートして細胞を接着させ、次いで、チャン培地を添加した(ゲンタマイシン、L−グルタミンを含むチャン培地、Irvine Scientific)。培養物をコンフルエントまで毎週培地を交換しておよそ3週間成長させた。
m210B4(骨髄マウス間質細胞株)、REH(急性リンパ芽球性白血病(ALL)細胞株)、697(ALL細胞株)、Daudi(バーキットリンパ腫細胞株)、およびRamos(バーキットリンパ腫細胞株)を使用した。m210B4細胞を、10%(v/v)ウシ胎児血清を含むRPMI1640を用いて培養した。細胞を3日毎に継代し、新規の継代は、14.5×103細胞/cm2を播種した。REH細胞、697細胞、Daudi細胞、およびRamos細胞を、10%(v/v)ウシ胎児血清を含むRPMI1640を用いて培養した。細胞を、4日毎に1〜3回継代した。
共培養では、M210B4:CLLについて1:16の比を使用した。以前に記載のように、この比では、M210B4細胞はCLL細胞より生存に有利であるからである(Kurtova,A.V. et al.,Blood(2009)114(20):4441−4450)。
マウス脾細胞を、顕微鏡スライドの間または40マイクロメートルメッシュによって脾臓を粉砕することによって単離した。脛骨および大腿骨由来の骨髄細胞を、シリンジを使用してフラッシュアウトした。腹膜腔由来の細胞を、PBS/BSAの注射および流体の回収によって回収した。末梢血由来の細胞を、眼窩静脈叢/尾静脈から回収した。RBC溶解緩衝液(5分間)を使用して赤血球を除去し、その後に洗浄して細胞を回収した。最後に、細胞を40マイクロメートルメッシュで濾過し、注射またはフローサイトメトリー染色のいずれかのために調製した。
CLL細胞またはM210B4細胞由来の総RNAを、以前に記載のように単離した(Binsky,I. et al.,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA(2007)104(33):13408−13413;Binsky,I. et al.,J Immunol(2010)184(9):4761−4769)。初代ヒトBM細胞試料およびT細胞試料由来のmRNAを、製造者のマニュアルにしたがってPerfect Pure RNA培養細胞キット(5 Prime,Hamburg,Germany)を使用して単離した。
単離した細胞および培養したM210B4細胞を、特異的抗体(以下の表1を参照のこと)を含む染色緩衝液(0.5%BSAを含むPBS)を使用して、氷上にて暗所で30分間染色した。細胞を洗浄して非結合抗体を除去し、フローサイトメトリー(FACS Canto,BD Bioscience)によって測定した。アイソタイプコントロールを、データシートにしたがって使用した。結果を、FlowJoソフトウェア(バージョン10、Ashland,OR,USA)を使用して解析した。
マウス脾臓を、上記のように処理し、その後にB220抗マウスビーズ(25μlビーズ/107細胞CD45R(B220)マイクロビーズ、マウス、Miltenyl)と30分間インキュベートした。次いで、磁石と20分間インキュベートしてB細胞を除去し、次いで、上清(主にT細胞)を、CD3およびCD28をコーティングしたプレート上で24時間インキュベートした。24時間後、細胞を採取し、RNAを精製した。
T細胞のタンパク質発現
M210B4間質細胞を、刺激の前日に24ウェルプレート(1×105/ウェル)に播種した。ヒトCLL細胞を、実験前日に20%FCSを含むRPMI中で解凍した。刺激のために、培地を、活性化CD84抗体(クローン152−1D5、Pierce/Thermo、またはSCBT)(M210B4 4μg/ml、CLL 1×107細胞、5または10μg/ml)またはアイソタイプコントロール(IgG1、クローンMOPC−21、Biolegend)を含む培地と1時間交換した。細胞を洗浄し、CD84を1μgのF(ab’)2抗体(Jackson Immuno Research)と架橋させ、その後に以前に記載のように表示の時間インキュベートした(Binsky−Ehrenreich,I. et al.,Oncogene(2014)33(8):1006−1016)。
M210B4間質細胞を、刺激前日に24ウェルプレート(1×105/ウェル)に播種した。刺激のために、培地を、活性化抗SLAMF1抗体(10μg/ml、クローン:9D1、Ebioscience)またはアイソタイプコントロールラットIgG1(クローン:eBRG1、Ebioscience)を含む培地と72時間交換した。細胞を洗浄し、SLAMF1を1μgのF(ab’)2抗体(Jackson Immuno Research)と架橋させ、その後に24時間インキュベートした。
実験前日にM210B4間質細胞を、24ウェルプレート(1×105細胞/ウェル)に播種し、CLL細胞を解凍した。全実験において、5μg/mlのCD84−B4抗体を、培養物におけるCD84同種親和性相互作用のブロッキングのために使用した。同量のIgG2a(MOPC−173、BiolegendまたはeBM2a、eBioscience)を、アイソタイプコントロールとして使用した。間質細胞上のCD84を特異的にブロックするために、B4抗体を間質細胞上で1時間インキュベートし、非結合抗体を培地での3回の洗浄によって除去し、次いで、CLL(1.6×106個)を添加した。
実験前日に2×106個のCLL細胞を解凍し、24ウェルプレートに播種した。全実験において、10μg/mlの抗SLAMF1抗体を、培養物におけるCD84同種親和性相互作用のブロッキングのために使用した(クローン:A12、Biolegend)。同量のIgG1(κ)(MOPC−21、Biolegend)をアイソタイプコントロールとして使用し、24時間インキュベートした。
SLAMF1を、Nepagene SuperエレクトロポレーターNEPA21タイプIIを使用したエレクトロポレーションによって導入したsiRNAによって下方制御した。接着性M201B4細胞(0.625×105個)に、125Vの接着細胞電極を使用して120nM siRNAで3ミリ秒、エレクトロポレートした。SiRNAを、GE Lifescienceから購入した:マウスSLAMF1:Dharmacon ON−TARGET+SMARTプールマウスSLAMF1(カタログ番号L−056021−01−0005)、非特異的コントロールsiRNA:Dharmacon ON−TARGET+非ターゲティングプール(D−001810−10)。
CLL細胞生存度を、製造者(BD Bioscience)のプロトコールにしたがってアネキシン−V−FITC/7−AAD染色を使用して決定し、フローサイトメトリーによって評価した。
Eμ−TCL1(TCL−1)トランスジェニックマウスは、末期のクローン性および致死性の白血病に進行するマウスCLLを発症する(Bichi R. et al.,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA(2002)99(10):6955−6960)。現在までに、このマウスは、元も広く検証され、広く使用されてきたマウスCLLモデルである。Eμ−TCL1マウスは、腹膜腔、末梢血、骨髄、およびリンパ系器官内にB220intIgM+CD5+Bリンパ球を蓄積する。TCL1トランスジェニックマウスは、非変異CLL疾患の特徴を示すことが示されており、B細胞受容体の特徴がヒト疾患に類似し、後成的変化もヒトCLLと類似する。
in vivoでのCD84のブロッキングを、B4抗体およびIgG2aアイソタイプコントロール(eBioscience)を使用して行った。4時間の実験において、20μgの抗体を、CLL注射の1時間後に尾静脈にi.v.注射した。養子移入実験では、B4抗体またはIgG2aアイソタイプコントロール抗体での処置をTCL−1脾細胞注射後から2日目に開始し、1mg/kg体重の尾静脈注射を2日毎に継続した。
SLAMF5(CD84)欠損マウスを、以前に記載のように使用した(Cannons J.L.et al. Immunity(2010)32:253−65を参照のこと)。全動物は、6〜10週齢の動物を使用した。全動物手順は、ワイツマン科学研究所の動物研究委員会によって承認されていた。
10週齢の野生型(wt)マウスまたはCD84ノックアウト(CD84−/−koまたはCD84ko)マウスに、200μgのMOG35−55ペプチド/100μl/マウスを皮下(S.C.)注射した。MOG35−55ペプチド調製物は、4mg/mlの熱殺菌結核菌を含む完全フロイントアジュバント(CFA)をさらに含んでいた。用量を、マウス尾部付近の2つの部位への投与のために2つの分割した(50μl乳濁液/部位)。次いで、マウスに、200ng百日咳毒素(PT)(200μl PBS中)を腹腔内(I.P.)に注射した。PT注射を48時間後に繰り返した(すなわち、PTを、0日目および2日目に投与した)。
急性疾患:6〜8週齢のwtマウスまたはCD84koマウスに、飲料水を介して2%DSSを5日間投与した。5日目に、飲料水を正常な水に4〜7日間、または実験終了まで交換した。疾患の進行をモニタリングするために、マウスを毎日計量した。
脾臓または腸間膜リンパ節を、処置終了時にwtマウスまたはCD84koマウスから得た。B細胞を、B220+ビーズを使用して富化し、LPSで5時間または24時間活性化させた。活性化の最後の5時間にPIM(PMA、イオノマイシンおよびモネンシン)を添加した。次いで、フローサイトメトリーによる制御性B細胞集団を評価するために、細胞を細胞外マーカーおよび細胞内マーカーについて染色した。
Graphpad Prism(Version 6.0f,GraphPad Software,Inc.,La Jolla,CA,USA)を使用して、データを解析した。一般に、SEMを用いた平均を示す。有意差を判定するために、実験に応じて片側または両側のスチューデントt検定を使用した。データの正規化のために、非正規分布データポイントを修正するために比率のt検定を行った。p値が0.05以下の結果を有意と見なした。
CLL生存の微小環境調節の制御におけるCD84の役割を追跡するために、本発明者らは、微小環境細胞内のCD84の標的遺伝子を調査した。ヒト患者由来のナース様細胞またはM210B4間質細胞上に発現したCD84を、抗CD84抗体(4μg/ml)またはコントロールIgG抗体で24時間刺激した。さらに、CLL患者および健康なBMの両方の吸引液由来の初代患者骨髄(BM)試料上に発現したCD84を、抗CD84 B4抗体(本発明者らの研究室で開発した遮断抗体)を使用したCLLとの共培養設定において24時間ブロッキングした(Binsky−Ehrenreich I. et al.,Oncogene(2014)33:1006−1016)。RNAを精製し、CD84によって発現が調整された遺伝子を、AffymetrixGeneChip(登録商標)発現分析システムによって分析した。CD84活性化後に上方制御され、且つブロッキングした場合に下方制御される遺伝子の1つはSLAMF1であった(データ示さず)。
SLAMF1は、受容体のSLAMファミリーのさらなるメンバーであり、細胞−細胞相互作用を媒介することが公知である(Cannons J.L. et al.,Annu Rev Immunol(2011)29:665−705)。最初に、DNAチップの結果を確認した。したがって、M210B4間質細胞を、抗CD84刺激抗体(4μg/ml)で刺激し、SLAMF1 mRNAレベル(図3A)およびタンパク質レベル(図3B〜C)を分析した。CD84刺激により、M210B4間質細胞におけるSLAMF1発現レベルが有意に上昇した。さらに、SLAMF1 mRNAは、単球由来ナース様細胞(NLC)(図3D)および健康な患者由来の初代ヒト骨髄間質細胞(図3E)の活性化後に上方制御された。興味深いことに、CLL上に発現したCD84の刺激により、SLAMF1 mRNAレベル(図3F)およびタンパク質レベル(図3G〜H)が上昇した。これらの結果は、CD84がCLLおよびその微小環境内の細胞の両方においてSLAMF1の発現を誘導することを示唆している。
以前の結果は、CD84がin vitroおよびin vivoの両方においてCLL−微小環境相互作用で重要な役割を果たすことを示していた(Marom et al.,2016、投稿中)。この相互作用がSLAMF1発現を誘導するかどうかを判定するために、患者末梢血試料由来のヒトCLL細胞を、M210B4間質細胞株と共培養し、M210B4間質細胞上のSLAMF1発現を比較した。図5に示すように、SLAMF1レベルは、前述の細胞をCLL細胞と共に成長させた場合、有意に増加した。これは、SLAMF1がこれらの2つの細胞間の相互作用に関与することを示唆している。
SLAMF1がCLL生存の制御に関与しているかどうかを判定するために、初代CLL細胞を、拮抗性SLAMF1抗体(クローン:A12、Biolegend)を用いるか用いないで48時間インキュベートし、生存の差を判定した。図9A〜Cに示すように、CLL細胞を用いた場合、生存CLL細胞は25%減少した。
微小環境内に発現したSLAMF1の役割をさらに解明するために、その下方制御で誘導されたカスケードを追跡した。したがって、M210B4間質細胞上に発現したSLAMF1を、抗SLAMF1抗体(10μg/ml、クローン:9D1、Ebioscience)によって活性化し、この刺激後に発現が上方制御された遺伝子を追跡した。図10A〜Bに示すように、Bcl2(図10A)およびプログラム細胞死リガンド1(PD−L1)(図10B)のmRNAレベルの増加が検出された。
本発明者らは、SLAMF1発現の制御がCLLに特異的なものであるのかどうか、またはこの制御が他の悪性疾患でも見出されるかどうかを判定することに興味を持った。したがって、患者に由来する初代多発性骨髄腫(MM)細胞上のCD84を活性化した(図11A)。CD84の刺激により、SLAMF1発現が約2倍上昇した(図11A)。さらに、初代多発性骨髄腫患者細胞上のSLAMF1発現は、健康なコントロール細胞上のそのレベルと比較して、10倍超であった(図11B)。
PD−L1はCD84刺激後に上方制御される
追跡するために選択された別のCD84標的遺伝子はPD−L1であった。CD84がその発現を制御する能力を検証するために、M210B4マウス間質細胞株(図13A〜Cおよび23E)、ヒト患者由来ナース様細胞(図13Dおよび23G)、ヒトおよびマウスの両方のCLL細胞(図13F〜Hおよび23A〜B)、ならびにヒト初代骨髄(健康)およびCLL間質細胞(図13Eおよび23F)上に発現したCD84を、抗CD84抗体またはコントロールIgG抗体で24時間刺激した。図13A、13D、13E、13F、23A〜B、23E、および23Fに示すように、PD−L1 mRNAレベルは、刺激した全ての細胞において上昇した。さらに、初代CLL患者骨髄試料におけるアンタゴニスト抗CD84処置に対して実施したAffymetrixGeneChip(登録商標)分析におけるPD−L1 mRNAレベルは、CLLとの共培養での健康なBMにおけるそのレベルと比較して減少した(データ示さず)。さらに、CLL患者/CLLマウスモデルに由来するマウスおよびヒトの間質細胞上のPD−L1の発現レベルは、健康なコントロールと比較して有意に上昇した(図23C〜D)。これらの細胞は、CD34およびCD45の染色によって間質細胞であり、したがって、非造血起源であると判定された(図32A〜B)。
CD84活性化はAKT−mTOR経路を介してPD−L1を情報制御する
本発明者らは、次に、PD−L1を発現するCD84誘導性カスケードを追跡した。PD−L1の発現は、AKT−mTOR経路およびMAPK経路の制御下にあることが以前に示されている。したがって、これらの経路を、CD84刺激したM210B4細胞において分析した。MAPK経路の変化はほとんど検出されなかったが(図24A)、CD84刺激により、非活性化M210B4細胞と比較して、活性化細胞においてpAKTレベルが上昇した(図24A〜B)。さらに、CD84刺激により、S6(肺癌における公知のPD−L1制御因子)のリン酸化が誘導された。このことは、フローサイトメトリーによってさらに確認された(図24B〜C)。したがって、CD84は、AKT/mTORおよびホスホ−S6の活性化によってPD−L1タンパク質発現を上昇させた。
以前の研究では、免疫系を回避するために白血病前駆体によって使用される免疫コインヒビターとしてPD−L1が記載されている(Norde,W.J. et al.,Cancer Res(2011)71(15):5111−5122)。さらに、他の研究では、Eμ−TCL1 CLLモデルマウスにおけるPD−L1/PD−1経路のブロッキングによってCLL誘導性慢性炎症が消散することが示されている(McClanahan,F. et al.,Blood(2015)126(2):203−211)。それ故、CLL疾患の進行におけるPD−L1/PD−1経路でのCD84の制御的役割をin vivoで追跡した。TCL−1マウス由来の脾臓を採取し、コアイソジェニック野生型マウスまたはCD84−/−マウスに注射し、BM、リンパ節(LN)、脾臓、末梢血、および腹膜を採取した。図15A〜Gおよび25A〜Eに示すように、リンパ節を除くCD84を欠く微小環境から採取した全ての器官に由来するTCL−1細胞上のPD−L1レベルの有意な低下が検出された(図25F)。したがって、微小環境上に発現したCD84は、PD−L1発現を制御する。CD84の非存在下では、TCL細胞上のPD−L1レベルはより低かった。さらに、拮抗性抗CD84 B4ハイブリドーマで処置したマウス(図15Hに示す)では、腹膜腔におけるPD−L1の発現レベルが有意に低下した(図15Iおよび25G)。これは、さらに、in vivoでのCD84のPD−L1に対する制御的役割を示す。さらに、これらのマウスに由来する骨髄間質細胞をおよそ3週間成長させ、そのPD−L1レベルを分析し(図15Jおよび26A)、これらの結果は、CD84を欠く微小環境のBM細胞上のPD−L1発現が有意に減少することを証明している。さらに、CD84欠損環境におけるBMマクロファージ(図26C)、BM DC(図26D)、脾臓マクロファージ(図26E)、脾臓DC(図26F)、およびPB単球(図26G)は、コントロール由来の細胞と比較して、PD−L1発現が低下した。これらの結果は、腫瘍微小環境におけるPD−L1発現の包括的制御がCD84によって媒介されることを示唆している。
PD−1は、疲弊性および機能障害性の腫瘍浸潤T細胞上でLag−3およびCTLA−4と同時発現することが示された(Baitsch,L. et al.,PLoS One(2012)7(2):e30852;Duraiswamy,J. et al.,Cancer Res(2013)73(12):3591−3603)。したがって、本発明者らは、CD84−/−マウスにおけるPD−L1発現の減少によってより機能的なT細胞が誘導され、それ故、疲弊性表現型がより少なくなると示唆した。したがって、CD84−/−養子移入マウスにおけるT細胞疲弊性表現型を分析した。
これらの結果を実証するために、健康であることが確認された患者およびCLL患者の両方、ならびに多発性骨髄腫患者に由来する骨髄穿刺液に由来する間質細胞上のPD−L1およびCD84の発現を分析した。CLL患者およびMM患者に由来する細胞上のPD−L1(図20A〜Cおよび図30B)およびCD84(図20D〜Fおよび図30A)の発現レベルは、健康なコントロールに由来する細胞と比較して、顕著に増加した。
PD−L1はさらなるB細胞悪性疾患においてCD84によって制御される
本発明者らは、次に、さらなるB細胞悪性腫瘍におけるCD84によるPD−L1発現の制御を調査することを求めた。
CD84活性化はまたin vivoで多発性骨髄腫細胞においてPD−L1を上方制御する可能性がある
CLLにおいて認められるようにCD84欠損がT細胞に影響を及ぼし得るかという疑問に取り組むために、本発明者らは、5TGM1モデルおよびC57BL/KaLwRijHsdモデルを使用した。このモデルは、C57BL/6マウスに移植して骨髄腫を作出することができないので、C57BL/6 CD84−/−マウスおよびWTマウスに照射し、C57BL/KaLwRijHsdマウスの骨髄を使用して再構築した。次いで、マウスに5TGM1細胞をI.V.注射し、それにより、多発性骨髄腫疾患を発症させた(図37A〜B)。
CLL由来ヒトT細胞の活性の制御
本明細書中に記載のマウスモデルは、CD84によるPD−L1発現の制御を示し、CD84はT細胞の機能性の制御因子として利用することができる。本発明者らは、次に、CD84がCLL患者に由来する細胞におけるPD−L1発現およびT細胞機能を制御するかどうかを判断することを求めた。この目的のために、末梢血(PB)CLL細胞を精製し(CD19ビーズ後の純度を図36Bに示す)、siCD84またはsiCTRL(100nm、Dharmacon)で処置した。24時間後、末梢血の血球の残部を、48時間共培養物に戻した。
マウスにおけるBregを研究するためのモデルの1つは、デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム(DSS)誘導性結腸炎モデルである。CD84が結腸炎で役割を果たすかどうかを理解するために、CD84が結腸炎の発症および重症度において役割を果たすかどうかを最初に評価した。急性DSSモデルでは、マウスに2%DSSを含む飲料水を5日間与え、次いで、実験終了まで通常の水を4〜7日間与えた。疾患の臨床徴候を追跡するために、処置したマウスを毎日計量した。図38に示すように、CD84−/−(CD84ko)マウスは、野生型(wt)マウスと比較して、体重減少が少なかった。これらの結果は、CD84が結腸炎誘導において役割を果たし、CD84の非存在下で炎症応答が低下することを示唆している。
炎症性腸疾患(IBD)は、典型的には慢性病状として公知である。慢性結腸炎マウスモデルは、急性疾患と比較した場合、異なる免疫応答および異なるサイトカインを示す。したがって、本発明者らは、次に、DSSを反復サイクルによって投与して慢性腸炎を引き起こした慢性結腸炎モデルを分析した。マウスに、5日間の2%DSS投与を2サイクル行い、2サイクルの間に10日間回復させた。図39に示すように、CD84−/−(ko)マウスは、第2サイクルのDSSに対して完全な耐性を示し、その治癒過程を継続した。これらの結果は、炎症中の免疫応答の制御におけるCD84の役割を意味している。
CD84欠損マウスのDSS誘導性結腸炎に対する耐性がより高かったので、本発明者らは、次に、CD84がBregサブセットの制御で役割を果たすかどうかを試験した。この目的のために、制御性B細胞の異なるサブセット(すなわち、B10:CD19+、IL−10+、CD1dhi,CD5+;Mz:CD19+、IL−10+、CD24+、CD21+、CD23−;T2−MzP:CD19+、il−10+、CD24+、CD21+、CD23+)を、脾臓および腸間膜リンパ節(MLN)で分析した。
Bregの分化および機能の制御におけるCD84の関与を評価するために、別の動物モデル(すなわち、多発性硬化症(MS)のための実験的自己免疫性能脊髄炎(EAE)マウスモデル)を使用した。MOG35−55ペプチドおよび百日咳毒素(PT)で処置することによってwtマウスおよびCD84−/−koマウスにEAEを誘導した。臨床EAE表現型を観察するために、マウスを27日間追跡した。より低い臨床スコア(図41A)およびより少ない体重減少(図41B)によって認められるように、結果は、CD84−/−koマウスがwtマウスと比較して疾患が有意に軽度であることを示していた。疾患27日目に、脾臓内の制御性B細胞集団を、5時間(図41C)または24時間(図41D)の活性化後に分析した。図41C〜Dに示すように、Breg集団(すなわち、B10、Mz、およびT2−MzP)の有意な増加が、2つの時点で検出された。さらに、このモデルにおけるT細胞応答を分析した。CD4T細胞集団において有意差は検出されなかった(図41E〜F)。これらの結果は、CD84欠損がEAEの誘導からマウスを防御し、この結果は制御性B細胞集団の上昇に起因する可能性が高いことを示唆している。
Claims (40)
- T細胞疲弊に関与する悪性疾患の処置を必要とする被験体において、前記疾患を処置する方法であって、但し、前記悪性疾患がB細胞悪性腫瘍ではないことを条件とし、治療有効量のCD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤を前記被験体に投与し、それにより、前記T細胞疲弊に関与する悪性疾患を処置する、投与する工程を含む、方法。
- T細胞疲弊に関与する悪性疾患の処置を必要とする被験体において、前記疾患を処置するための治療有効量のCD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤の使用であって、但し、前記悪性疾患がB細胞悪性腫瘍ではないことを条件とする、使用。
- T細胞疲弊の防止または逆行を必要とする被験体において、前記T細胞疲弊を防止または逆行する方法であって、治療有効量のCD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤を前記被験体に投与し、但し、前記被験体がB細胞悪性腫瘍と診断されておらず、それにより、前記被験体における前記T細胞疲弊を防止または逆行する、投与する工程を含む、方法。
- 自己免疫疾患または炎症性疾患の処置を必要とする被験体において、前記疾患を処置する方法であって、治療有効量のCD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤を被験体に投与し、それにより、前記被験体における前記自己免疫疾患または炎症性疾患を処置する、投与する工程を含む、方法。
- 自己免疫疾患または炎症性疾患の処置を必要とする被験体において、前記疾患を処置するための治療有効量のCD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤の使用。
- B制御性細胞の活性またはレベルの上昇を必要とする被験体において、前記活性またはレベルを上昇させる方法であって、治療有効量のCD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤を被験体に投与し、それにより、前記被験体における前記B制御性細胞の活性またはレベルが上昇する、投与する工程を含む、方法。
- 前記被験体が悪性疾患と診断されている、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記悪性疾患が固形腫瘍である、請求項1もしくは7に記載の方法または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記固形腫瘍が、黒色腫、肺癌、腎細胞癌、前立腺癌、乳癌、卵巣癌、頭頸部癌、結腸腺癌、線維肉腫、子宮頸部癌、食道癌、直腸癌、口腔癌、肝臓癌、および膵臓癌からなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法または使用。
- 前記悪性疾患が、T細胞悪性腫瘍または骨髄性悪性腫瘍を含む、請求項1もしくは7に記載の方法または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記被験体が自己免疫疾患または炎症性疾患と診断されている、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記自己免疫疾患または炎症性疾患が、多発性硬化症、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、関節炎、および狼瘡からなる群から選択される、請求項4もしくは11に記載の方法または請求項5に記載の使用。
- 前記自己免疫疾患または炎症性疾患が慢性容態である、請求項4、11、もしくは12に記載の方法または請求項5もしくは12に記載の使用。
- 前記自己免疫疾患または炎症性疾患が急性容態である、請求項4、11、もしくは12に記載の方法または請求項5もしくは12に記載の使用。
- 前記CD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤が、ポリヌクレオチド剤である、請求項1、3、4、もしくは6のいずれか1項に記載の方法または請求項2もしくは5に記載の使用。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド剤が、アンチセンス、siRNA、マイクロRNA、リボザイム、およびDNAザイムからなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記CD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤が抗体である、請求項1、3、4、もしくは6のいずれか1項に記載の方法または請求項2もしくは5の使用。
- 前記抗体が、前記CD84の細胞外部分の少なくとも1つのエピトープに結合する、請求項17に記載の方法または使用。
- 前記抗体がCD84中和抗体である、請求項17または18に記載の方法または使用。
- 前記CD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤が、前記T細胞上のプログラム細胞死リガンド1(PD−L1)、プログラム細胞死1(PD−1)、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球抗原−4(CTLA−4)、リンパ球活性化遺伝子3(Lag−3)、キラー細胞レクチン様受容体G1(KLRG1)、および/または2B4のうちの任意の1つの活性または発現を下方制御する、請求項1もしくは3に記載の方法または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記治療有効量のCD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤により、前記T細胞によるIL−2、IL−4、IFNγの産生、および/またはCD107の発現の増加に関連する前記T細胞疲弊が逆行する、請求項1もしくは3に記載の方法または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記B制御性細胞の活性またはレベルの上昇が、脾臓内のB制御性細胞レベルの増加によって示される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記B制御性細胞の活性またはレベルの上昇が、前記B制御性細胞による抗炎症性サイトカイン産生の増加によって示される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記抗炎症性サイトカインが、IL−10、TGFβ−1、およびIL−35からなる群から選択される、請求項23に記載の方法または使用。
- 前記B制御性細胞の活性またはレベルの上昇が、前記B制御性細胞によるCD19、IL−10、およびCD1dからなる群から選択されるBregマーカーの発現の増加に関連する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記B制御性細胞の活性またはレベルの上昇が、B10B制御性細胞の増加に関連する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- T細胞疲弊に関与する悪性疾患の処置を必要とする被験体において、前記疾患を処置する方法であって、治療有効量のSLAMF1の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤を前記被験体に投与し、但し、前記薬剤がCD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤ではないことを条件とし、それにより、前記T細胞疲弊に関与する悪性疾患を処置する、投与する工程を含む、方法。
- T細胞疲弊に関与する悪性疾患の処置を必要とする被験体において、前記疾患を処置するための治療有効量のSLAMF1の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤の使用であって、但し、前記薬剤がCD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤ではないことを条件とする、使用。
- T細胞疲弊の防止または逆行を必要とする被験体において、前記T細胞疲弊を防止または逆行する方法であって、治療有効量のSLAMF1の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤を前記被験体に投与し、但し、前記薬剤がCD84の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤ではないことを条件とし、それにより、前記被験体における前記T細胞疲弊を防止または逆行する、投与する工程を含む、方法。
- 前記被験体が悪性疾患と診断されている、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記悪性疾患がB細胞悪性腫瘍である、請求項27もしくは30に記載の方法または請求項28に記載の使用。
- 前記B細胞悪性腫瘍が、ホジキンリンパ腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫、B細胞慢性リンパ球性白血病(B−CLL)/慢性リンパ性白血病(CLL)、慢性リンパ球性白血病/小リンパ球性リンパ腫、慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)、節外性辺縁帯B細胞リンパ腫−粘膜関連リンパ系組織リンパ腫、濾胞性リンパ腫、マントル細胞リンパ腫、節性辺縁帯B細胞リンパ腫、バーキットリンパ腫、毛様細胞白血病、原発性中枢神経系リンパ腫、脾性辺縁帯B細胞リンパ腫、リンパ球形質細胞性リンパ腫、縦隔原発B細胞リンパ腫、多発性骨髄腫、急性リンパ球性白血病(ALL)、急性リンパ芽球性プレB細胞白血病、形質細胞性白血病、プレB細胞白血病、早期プレB細胞白血病、およびプレB急性リンパ芽球様白血病からなる群から選択される、請求項31に記載の方法または使用。
- 前記SLAMF1の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤がポリヌクレオチド剤である、請求項27もしくは29に記載の方法または請求項28に記載の使用。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド剤が、アンチセンス、siRNA、マイクロRNA、リボザイム、およびDNAザイムからなる群から選択される、請求項33に記載の方法または使用。
- 前記SLAMF1の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤がSLAMF1抗体である、請求項27もしくは29に記載の方法または請求項28に記載の使用。
- 前記SLAMF1の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤が、前記T細胞上のプログラム細胞死リガンド1(PD−L1)、プログラム細胞死1(PD−1)、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球抗原−4(CTLA−4)、リンパ球活性化遺伝子3(Lag−3)、キラー細胞レクチン様受容体G1(KLRG1)、および/または2B4の活性または発現を下方制御する、請求項27もしくは29に記載の方法または請求項28に記載の使用。
- 前記治療有効量のSLAMF1の活性または発現を減少させることができる薬剤により、前記T細胞によるIL−2、IL−4、IFNγの産生および/またはCD107の発現の増加に関連する前記T細胞疲弊が逆行する、請求項27もしくは29に記載の方法または請求項28に記載の使用。
- 前記被験体に化学療法薬、抗体免疫療法、および/または放射線療法を施す工程をさらに含む、請求項1、3、4、6、27、または29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 化学療法薬、抗体免疫療法、および/または放射線療法の使用をさらに含む、請求項2、5、または28のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記被験体がヒト被験体である、請求項1、3、4、6、27、もしくは29のいずれか1項に記載の方法または請求項2、5、もしくは28のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
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CN108697907A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
US11986488B2 (en) | 2024-05-21 |
AU2017204950A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
WO2017118985A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
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CA3009127A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
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