JP2019501797A - 伝熱流体用の連続繊維を含む多層構造体 - Google Patents
伝熱流体用の連続繊維を含む多層構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019501797A JP2019501797A JP2018531206A JP2018531206A JP2019501797A JP 2019501797 A JP2019501797 A JP 2019501797A JP 2018531206 A JP2018531206 A JP 2018531206A JP 2018531206 A JP2018531206 A JP 2018531206A JP 2019501797 A JP2019501797 A JP 2019501797A
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Classifications
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29C70/32—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
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- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
- B32B37/153—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is extruded and immediately laminated while in semi-molten state
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- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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Abstract
i)11357−3(2013)規格に従って測定したTm1が、160℃以上、特に170℃以上の半結晶性、又は11357−2(2013)規格に従って測定したTg1が、100℃以上、好ましくは120℃、特に140℃の非晶質である少なくとも1種の熱可塑性ポリマーP1を含み、前記流体と接触している層(1)であって、繊維を含有しない層(1)、
ii)層(2)であって、少なくとも
(a)Tm2が170℃以上の半結晶性若しくはTg2が100℃以上の非晶質である、熱可塑性ポリマーP2、特にポリアミド、又はTmが100℃を超えるポリオレフィン;
(b)連続繊維、
を含む層(2)を含み、前記ポリマーP2がP1と同一であるか又はP1とは異なり、異なる場合、前記ポリマーP1及びP2が少なくとも部分的に互いに付着する、管状構造体に関する。
Description
−搬送される流体に対して不浸透性であり、したがってこれらの流体(及び特にR134、R−1234yf又はR−1234zeなどのフルオロカーボン冷媒化合物)に対して、並びに水及び酸素に対してもバリア特性を有する必要がある、
−長期間の過度の劣化を避けるために、搬送される流体に対する並びに圧縮機油、水及び酸素にも対する耐化学薬品性を有する必要がある。
−管の2つの端部が互いに相対的に動くことができる部品に接続されている場合には(特に、ボンネット下での嵩高さ及び組み付けの制約により管状構造体が折り曲げられる自動車の空調分野では)、十分な機械的強度(特に破裂強度)を有するだけでなく、十分な可撓性も有し、振動を減衰させられる必要がある、
−搬送される流体が高温となり得ることと、周囲温度も高くなり得ること(特に、自動車の空調において、関係する部品がエンジンの近くに配置されている可能性があること)を考慮すると、十分な耐熱性を有する必要がある。
i)11357−3(2013)規格に従って測定したTm1が、160℃以上、特に170℃以上の半結晶性、又は11357−2(2013)規格に従って測定したTg1が、100℃以上、好ましくは120℃、特に140℃の非晶質である少なくとも1種の熱可塑性ポリマーP1を含み、前記流体と接触している層(1)であって、繊維を含まない層(1)、
ii)層(2)であって、少なくとも
(a)Tm2が170℃以上の半結晶性若しくはTg2が100℃以上の非晶質である、1種の熱可塑性ポリマーP2、特にポリアミド、又はTmが100℃を超えるポリオレフィン;
(b)連続繊維、
を含む層(2)を含み、ポリマーP2がP1と同一であるか又はP1とは異なり、異なる場合、ポリマーP1及びP2が少なくとも部分的に互いに付着する、管状構造体に関する。
Aは、ラクタム又はC6−C12アミノ酸の重縮合により得られる部分であり、
Xは、脂肪族、脂環式又は芳香族ジアミンと脂肪族、脂環式又は芳香族ジカルボン酸との重縮合から生じる部分に相当する。
−鉱物繊維、
−炭素繊維若しくはカーボンナノチューブ、
−高分子繊維若しくはポリマー繊維、
−又は上述の繊維の混合物
から選択される。
・熱硬化性ポリマー繊維
・熱可塑性ポリマー繊維
・以下のポリアミド:6、66、610、612、46、410、1010、1012、11及び12の1種に相当するポリアミドの繊維
・アラミド及び芳香族ポリアミドの繊維、例えば式:PPD.T、MPD.I、PAA及びPPAの1種に相当するもの
・又は上述繊維の混合物
から選択される。
上記の本発明の組成物は、蒸気圧縮回路要素内の層として使用される。
a.リングダイを通じての押出によって前記層(1)を製造するステップ、及び
b.前記層(1)上に溶融状態の前記外層(2)を、溶融状態のポリマーP2を含浸させた繊維のフィラメントワインディング技術を使用して、前記構造体の軸に対して1つ以上の配向角度で配置するステップ、及び
c.前記構造体を冷却するステップ
を含む。
−伝熱流体(特に、R−1234yf及びR−1234ze、さらには例えばR−134aも)に対するバリア、並びに/又は
−水に対する寸法安定性、並びに/又は
−水に対するバリア、並びに/又は
−R−1234yf若しくはR−1234ze及び特にPAG型の潤滑剤の存在下での耐熱性及び耐化学薬品性、並びに/又は
−長期間の耐熱性、並びに/又は
−管の2つの端部が互いに対して移動可能である部分に連結されている場合の可撓性
に関して、改善された特性を有する層として、この構造体を使用することが可能なる。
熱可塑性ポリマーに関して、熱可塑性ポリマーは半結晶性又は非晶質であってもよい。
ポリアミドを定義するために使用される命名法は、ISO1874−1:1992規格“Plastics−Polyamide(PA)molding and extrusion materials−Part1:Designation”、とりわけ3ページ(表1及び2)に記載され、当業者に周知である。
ポリオレフィンは、官能化され得る若しくは官能化され得ず、又は少なくとも1種の官能化ポリオレフィン及び/若しくは少なくとも1種の非官能化ポリオレフィンの混合物であり得て、100℃を超えるMpを有する。
その製造方法から得られるポリアミドP1及び/若しくはP2に並びに/又はポリオレフィンに、ジアミンからなる残りの部分に加えて、以下に定義する通常の添加剤を、これらが存在する層の機能として添加することが可能である。
ポリマーP1は、酸化防止剤、熱安定剤、UV吸収剤、光安定剤、潤滑剤、充填剤、難燃剤、核形成剤、可塑剤、衝撃改質剤及び染料から選択される少なくとも1種の添加剤を含むことができる。
−ベンゼンスルホンアミド誘導体、例えばn−ブチルベンゼンスルホンアミド(BBSA)、エチルトルエンスルホンアミド(ETSA)のオルト及びパラ異性体、N−シクロヘキシルトルエンスルホンアミド並びにN−(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)ベンゼンスルホンアミド(HP−BSA)、
−ヒドロキシ安息香酸エステル、例えば2−エチルヘキシル−パラ−ヒドロキシベンゾエート(EHPB)及び2−デシルヘキシル−パラ−ヒドロキシベンゾエート(HDPB)、
−テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコールのエステル又はエーテル、例えばオリゴエチレンオキシテトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、
並びに
−クエン酸又はヒドロキシマロン酸のエステル、例えばオリゴエチレンオキシマロネート
から選択することができる。
ポリマーP2は、レーザ技術(UV又はIR)によって得られた複合材の溶融を可能とするようなUV又はIR範囲で吸収する添加剤、立体障害フェノール又は立体障害アミン(HALS)型の酸化防止剤より選ばれる熱安定剤並びに衝撃改質剤を含む。これらの安定剤の機能は、得られた複合材のマトリクスポリアミドの熱酸化及び光酸化及び後続の分解を防止することである。
本発明の主題である管状構造体は特に、管若しくはパイプ、又はさもなければ管同士間の、若しくは管と装置(例えば圧縮機、凝縮器若しくは熱交換器など)の間の結合部又は連結部であることができる。
蒸気圧縮回路は、少なくとも1個の蒸発器、1個の圧縮器、1個の凝縮器、1個の膨張器及びこれらの要素間で伝熱流体を搬送するためのラインを備える。蒸発器及び凝縮器は、回路内を循環する伝熱流体と別の流体又は物体との間で熱交換を行わせる熱交換器を備える。
本発明の構造体の種々の層は、溶融押出などの均質混合物を得ることができる任意の方法によって作製することができる。
「伝熱化合物」、「伝熱流体」(又は冷媒流体又は冷媒)という用語は、蒸気圧縮回路において、低温及び低圧で蒸発させることによって熱を吸収し、高温及び高圧で凝縮することによって熱を供給することができる化合物、流体をそれぞれ意味するものである。一般に、伝熱流体は、1、2、3又は3種以上の伝熱化合物だけ含むことができる。
−フッ素化冷媒に対する透過性の特性
本実施例では、内層(ポリマーP1)として配合11/10Tのコポリアミドを含む組成物及び外層(ポリマーP2)としての繊維(6重量%のガラス繊維)を有する配合PA610のポリアミドを含む組成物からなる(本発明による)管状構造体の、フッ素化冷媒(R−1234yf)に対する透過性を、デュポン社よりZytel(R)ST 811の名称で販売されている製品に相当する200又は300ミクロンのどちらかの衝撃改質PA6を含む、ベニヤ型の標準管状構造体と比較する。
Claims (26)
- 伝熱流体、特に冷媒流体を搬送するための管状構造体であって、少なくとも
i)11357−3(2013)規格に従って測定したTm1が、160℃以上、特に170℃以上の半結晶性、又は11357−2(2013)規格に従って測定したTg1が、100℃以上、好ましくは120℃、特に140℃の非晶質である少なくとも1種の熱可塑性ポリマーP1を含み、前記流体と接触している層(1)であって、繊維を含まない層(1)、
ii)層(2)であって、少なくとも
(a)Tm2が170℃以上の半結晶性若しくはTg2が100℃以上の非晶質である、熱可塑性ポリマーP2、特にポリアミド、又はTmが100℃を超えるポリオレフィン;
(b)連続繊維、
を含む層(2)を含み、
前記ポリマーP2がP1と同一であるか又はP1とは異なり、異なる場合、前記ポリマーP1及びP2が少なくとも部分的に互いに付着する、
管状構造体。 - 前記ポリマーP1が、ポリアミド及びEVOH、特にポリアミドから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP1が、半結晶性ポリアミドであることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP2が、ポリアミド及びポリオレフィンから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP2が、半結晶性ポリアミドであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP1及びP2が、半結晶性ポリアミドであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP2が、非晶質ポリアミドであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP1が、ポリフタルアミド、半芳香族ポリアミド、特にA/T、A/10T、A/6T、XY/10T、XY/6T、PA6、PA66、PA6/66、PA610、PA612、C4−C8短鎖ポリアミドであって、特にラクタム若しくはC4−C8アミノカルボン酸の重合から、又は炭素原子の平均数がC4−C8から選択される少なくとも1種のジアミン及び少なくとも1種のジカルボン酸の重合から得られるC4−C8短鎖ポリアミド、並びに、PA/ポリオレフィンブレンドであって、前記ポリオレフィンが(完全に若しくは部分的に)官能化される又は官能化されないことが可能である、PA/ポリオレフィンブレンド、特にOrgalloy(R)から選択されるポリアミドであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP1が、ポリフタルアミド、半芳香族ポリアミド、特に11/10T、612/10T、11/6T、PA6、PA66、PA6/66、PA610及びPA612、C4−C8短鎖ポリアミド、並びに、PA/ポリオレフィンブレンドであって、前記ポリオレフィンが官能化される又は官能化されないことが可能である、PA/ポリオレフィンブレンドから選択されるポリアミドであることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP1が、半芳香族ポリアミド、特に11/10T、612/10T、11/6T、PA6、PA66、PA6/66、PA610及びPA612、C4−C8短鎖ポリアミド、並びに、PA/ポリオレフィンブレンドであって、前記ポリオレフィンが官能化される又は官能化されないことが可能である、PA/ポリオレフィンブレンドから選択されるポリアミドであることを特徴とする、請求項8又は9に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP1が、PA610及びPA612を除いて、ポリフタルアミド、半芳香族ポリアミド、特に11/10T、612/10T、11/6T、PA6、PA66及びPA6/66、C4−C8短鎖ポリアミド、並びに、PA/ポリオレフィンブレンドであって、前記ポリオレフィンが官能化される又は官能化されないことが可能である、PA/ポリオレフィンブレンドから選択されるポリアミドであることを特徴とする、請求項8〜10の一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP1が、PA610及びPA612を除いて、半芳香族ポリアミド、特に11/10T、612/10T、11/6T、PA6、PA66及びPA6/66、C4−C8短鎖ポリアミド、並びに、PA/ポリオレフィンブレンドであって、前記ポリオレフィンが官能化される又は官能化されないことが可能である、PA/ポリオレフィンブレンドから選択されるポリアミドであることを特徴とする、請求項8〜11の一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP2が、ポリフタルアミド、半芳香族ポリアミド、特に11/10T及び11/6T、PA11、PA12、PA6、PA66、PA6/66、PA610及びPA612から選択されるポリアミドであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜12の一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記ポリマーP1及び/又は前記ポリマーP2が少なくとも1種の結合材を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜13の一項に記載の構造体。
- 少なくとも外部の第3の層(3)を含み、該層が、前記層(2)と接触し、エラストマー、及び/又は、P1と同一でも異なっていてもよい、少なくとも部分的にP2に付着するポリマーP3を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜14の一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記連続繊維が、
鉱物繊維、
炭素繊維及びカーボンナノチューブ、
高分子繊維若しくはポリマー繊維、
又は上述の繊維の混合物
から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜15の一項に記載の構造体。 - 鉱物繊維が、シリカ繊維、例えば特にE、R又はS2型のガラス繊維;ホウ素繊維;セラミック繊維、特に炭化ケイ素、炭化ホウ素、炭窒化ホウ素、窒化ケイ素、窒化ホウ素;バサルト繊維;金属及びその合金に基づく繊維若しくはフィラメント;金属酸化物に基づく繊維;金属化炭素繊維及び金属化ガラス繊維、又は前記繊維の混合物から選択され、
前記高分子繊維が、
熱硬化性ポリマー繊維
熱可塑性ポリマー繊維
以下のポリアミド:6、66、610、612、46、410、1010、1012、11及び12の1種に相当するポリアミドの繊維
アラミド及び芳香族ポリアミドの繊維、例えば式:PPD.T、MPD.I、PAA及びPPAの1種に相当するもの
又は上述繊維の混合物
から選択される、請求項1〜16の一項に記載の構造体。 - P2を含む前記層中の繊維の重量割合が、30〜80%、好ましくは50〜70%である、請求項1〜17の一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記冷媒流体が、炭化水素、ハイドロフルオロカーボン、エーテル、ハイドロフルオロエーテル又はフルオロオレフィン化合物から、特にフルオロプロペン、フルオロプロパン及びフルオロエタンから;好ましくは1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、1,2,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロペン、1,1,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、2,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン、1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエタン、ペンタフルオロエタン、ジフルオロメタン、1,1−ジフルオロエタン、1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン、1,1,1−トリフルオロプロパン、1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロブタン、トリフルオロヨードメタン及び前記化合物を含む混合物から選択され;特に好ましくは前記冷媒流体が、2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(1234yf)又は1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(1234ze)である、請求項1〜18の一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記冷媒に、鉱油、シリコーン油、天然源のパラフィン、ナフテン、合成パラフィン、アルキルベンゼン、ポリアルファオレフィン、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリオールエステル及び/又はポリビニルエーテルから好ましくは選択される潤滑剤が添加され、前記潤滑剤が、特に好ましくは、ポリアルキレングリコール又はポリオールエステルである、請求項1〜19の一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記潤滑剤が、0.5重量%〜50重量%、特に1重量%〜15重量%の重量割合である、請求項20に記載の構造体。
- 冷媒流体を収容又は搬送するための蒸気圧縮回路要素であって、前記蒸気圧縮回路要素が、好ましくは、結合要素又はパイプである、請求項1〜21の一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記蒸気圧縮回路が、可動又は固定の空調装置、冷蔵装置、冷凍装置、ヒートポンプによる加熱装置及びランキンサイクルから選択される装置に組み入れられる、好ましくは自動車用空調装置に組み入れられる、請求項1〜22のいずれか一項に記載の構造体。
- 前記層(1)を押出す少なくとも1つのステップを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載の構造体の製造方法。
- 以下の連続するステップ:
a.リングダイを通じての押出によって前記層(1)を製造するステップ、及び
b.前記層(1)上に、溶融状態の前記外層(2)を、溶融状態のポリマーP2を含浸させた繊維のフィラメントワインディング技術を使用して、前記構造体の軸に対して1つ以上の配向角度で配置するステップ、及び
c.前記構造体を冷却するステップ
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項24に記載の製造方法。 - 蒸気圧縮回路内で冷媒流体を搬送するための、請求項1から23のいずれか一項に記載の熱可塑性構造体の使用。
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FR3099409B1 (fr) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-10-01 | Arkema France | Structure multicouche pour le transport ou le stockage de l’hydrogene |
CN110878195B (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-11-27 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 一种含三氟碘甲烷的冷媒和含有其的混合物和换热系统 |
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EP3907423B1 (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2022-07-20 | WWV Wärmeverwertung GmbH & Co. KG | Use of a flexible structure for transferring heat |
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