JP2019214878A - Bearing wall and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a bearing wall and a construction method thereof which inhibit loosening in a joint part of a face material and nails caused by rotation of the face material in a wall structure face and improve the shear capacity.SOLUTION: A bearing wall for a wooden frame construction is formed by installing a face material in a rectangular opening surrounded by a base, a pair of left and right pillars standing at an interval on the base, and a beam horizontally placed atop and between the pillars of the pair. The face material has a reinforcement portion fixed by nails or screws to the beam, and a structure face portion placed under and integrally with the reinforcement portion and fixed by nails to the base, the beam and the pair of pillars to close the opening, with a groove placed between the reinforcement portion and the structure face portion as a crack-inducing joint.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a large wall type load-bearing wall and a method for constructing the same.

  Generally, in a wooden house, a bearing wall is appropriately arranged so as to satisfy a necessary wall amount to secure earthquake resistance. As the load-bearing wall, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, a rectangular face material (structure) is formed in a rectangular frame opening formed by assembling two pillars 101 and 102, upper and lower bases 103 and beams 104. A large-wall load-bearing wall 100 in which four rounds of a plywood 105 are nailed from the outdoor side with a nail is widely known (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  Literature 2 discloses that in a method of constructing a load-bearing wall of a frame structure, a plurality of rows of nails or screws used for joining a cross member (beam, base) and a face member are arranged in a plurality of rows, so that a horizontal frame that is originally destroyed first There is described a strength type load-bearing wall for improving the strength of a material joint.

  According to Reference 3, in the construction method of the load-bearing wall of the frame structure, the reinforcing members are bitten by the joints of the surface materials and fastened to the skeleton with nails, etc., so that the side-by-side surface materials are integrated to improve the strength. , A strength-type load-bearing wall is described.

  In addition, in Reference 4, in the method of seismic retrofitting of RC bearing walls, a slit is inserted between the column and the wall to prevent bearing damage, which is common in RC bearing walls. In addition, by making a cut in the center (or upper or lower end) of the wall, the break place is intentionally designated, and the wall reinforcement left after the wall breaks is deformed by shearing in the horizontal direction to release the force and reduce the force attenuation. The designed, tough type load-bearing wall is described.

JP 2015-121047 A JP-A-2002-155589 JP 2013-209809 A JP-A-11-62308

  FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating a state in which columns and face materials are deformed when a conventional load-bearing wall 100 receives horizontal force due to an earthquake or the like. The column subjected to the horizontal force tilts in the direction of the horizontal force, and the beam moves horizontally. At this time, as shown in FIG. 10, in the conventional load-bearing wall 100, when the building is subjected to horizontal force and the column is tilted, the nail is joined to the surface material 105 struck by the columns 101 and 102, the base 103, and the beam 104. The part starts to loosen, and the face material 105 also rotates in the plane. When the horizontal forces are repeatedly applied and the inclination of the columns 101 and 102 and thus the rotation of the face material 105 increase, the loosening of the joint between the face material and the nail increases, the shear strength performance decreases, and the function as a bearing wall deteriorates. Resulting in. If the number of nails hitting the pillars 101, 102, the base 103, and the beam 104 is excessively increased in order to suppress the rotation of the face material 105, the maximum strength of the wall increases and exceeds the allowable strength of the joint hardware, so that the joint is finally completed. A brittle destruction shape that causes destruction by the metal parts is obtained.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional circumstances, and suppresses the loosening of the joint between the surface material and the nail due to the rotation of the surface material of the wall construction surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide a load-bearing wall having improved shear strength and a method for constructing the wall.

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, have classified one sheet material into a surface portion for nailing a wall surface and a reinforcing portion for nailing a beam surface. Therefore, by constructing a groove as a crack-inducing joint, the shear strength of a large number of nails hit on the reinforcing part when the column is inclined due to the horizontal force of the building suppresses the rotation of the structural part and the reinforcing effect at an early stage When the wall surface gradually rotates as the displacement increases, the groove of the surface material cracks, and the surface and the reinforcement are separated. By not being transmitted directly, the maximum strength of the wall can be suppressed below the allowable strength of the joint hardware. The face material is divided and the face starts to rotate, but it contacts the fore edge of the reinforcement part and suppresses the rotational deformation of the face part, so the loosening of the joint part between the face part and the nail can be suppressed, and the shear strength Have been conceived that can be maintained and improved, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1]
A surface material is attached to a rectangular opening surrounded by a base, a pair of left and right columns that are spaced apart from the base, and a beam laid between the pair of columns above the pair of columns. , A bearing wall of a wooden framed building,
The face material is a reinforcing portion fixed to the beam by a nail or a screw, and the reinforcing portion is disposed integrally with the reinforcing portion below the reinforcing portion, so as to close the opening, the base, the beam, and the A load-bearing wall comprising: a pair of pillars having a surface portion fixed by nails; and a groove provided between the reinforcing portion and the surface portion as a crack-inducing joint.
[2]
The load-bearing wall according to [1], wherein the width of the groove is 3 mm or less.
[3]
The load-bearing wall according to [1] or [2], wherein the face material is attached to an outdoor side.
[4]
The load-bearing wall according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the depth of the groove is not less than 1/3 of the thickness of the face material.
[5]
The following equation (1):
Degree of fixation = Single-plane shear yield strength per nail or screw (Py) x Number of nails or screws required for joining (1)
In the fixed degree specified by
The load-bearing wall according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the degree of fixation between the reinforcing portion and the beam is greater than the degree of fixation between the structural portion and the column.
[6]
The load-bearing wall according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the reinforcing portion is further fixed to the beam with an adhesive.
[7]
[1] to [6], between the pair of pillars, one or more pillars provided substantially parallel to the pillars, and the structural surface portion is fixed to the pillars with nails. ] The load-bearing wall according to any one of [1] to [4].
[8]
A base, a pair of left and right columns that are erected at an interval on the base, and a face material is attached to a rectangular opening surrounded by a beam laid between the pair of columns at the top of the pair of columns. A method of constructing a load-bearing wall of a wooden frame building,
A step of performing groove processing as a surface material crack-inducing joint between the reinforcing portion and the structural surface portion of the surface material,
Fixing the reinforcing portion to the beam with at least a nail or a screw;
Fixing the structural surface portion to the base, the beam, and the pair of pillars with a nail so as to close the opening.
[9]
A pair of left and right pillars and a load-bearing wall configuration panel in which a surface material is attached to a rectangular opening surrounded by a beam laid between the pair of pillars above the pair of pillars is mounted on a base, A method of constructing a load-bearing wall of a wooden frame building,
Fixing the column and the beam;
Attaching the face material to a rectangular opening surrounded by the fixed columns and the fixed beams with at least nails or screws,
A step of performing groove processing as a surface material crack-inducing joint between the reinforcing portion and the structural surface portion of the surface material,
A step of attaching the lower end of the pillar to the base, and attaching the face portion of the face material with at least a nail or a screw;
A method for constructing a load-bearing wall, comprising:
[10]
The method for constructing a load-bearing wall according to [9], wherein the load-bearing wall forming panel is manufactured at a factory, and a step of attaching the panel to the base is performed on site.
[11]
The load-bearing wall configuration panel used in the construction method according to [10], wherein three sides are surrounded by a pair of left and right columns and a beam spanned between the pair of columns at the top of the pair of columns. A load-bearing wall configuration panel comprising a rectangular opening and a face material attached thereto with at least a nail or a screw.

  According to the present invention, the face material to be attached to the large wall bearing wall is a wall surrounded by a reinforcing portion fixed at least to the beam surface with nails or screws, left and right columns, and upper and lower horizontal members (beam and base). By applying groove processing as a joint to induce surface cracks between at least the part of the building surface and the surface part fixed with nails, when the building was subjected to horizontal force and the pillars were inclined, a number of hits were made to the reinforcing parts The shear strength of the nail suppresses the rotation of the face part, and the strength of the wall increases as the displacement increases.However, when a certain displacement is reached, the face material breaks at the joint that induces cracking, and the face part and the reinforcement part Due to the separation, the shear strength of the nail at the reinforcing portion is not directly transmitted to the structural surface portion, and the maximum strength of the wall can be suppressed to below the allowable strength of the joint hardware, and brittle fracture of the joint can be avoided. After the face material is separated, the plywood foreheads come into contact with each other because the reinforced part on the beam surface does not rotate even if the structural part rotates. As a result, the reinforcing portion attached to the beam suppresses the rotation of the structural part, and the loosening of the joint between the surface material and the nail due to the rotation of the structural part is suppressed. Thus, in the present invention, it is possible to provide a load-bearing wall having improved shear strength and a method for constructing the same.

The figure which shows typically the example of 1 structure of the load-bearing wall of this invention. The figure which shows typically a mode that a pillar deform | transforms when the bearing wall of this invention receives a horizontal force. The figure which shows typically a mode that a pillar and a face material deform | transform when the bearing wall of this invention receives a horizontal force. The figure which shows typically an example of the construction method using the load-bearing wall constituent panel of this invention. The figure which shows the installation method of the test body described in "allowable stress degree design of wooden frame construction method house 2008 edition". The figure which shows the installation method of the test body in the in-plane shear test performed by this test. The figure which shows the relationship between a shear displacement and a shear force about the bearing wall of an Example and the comparative examples 1 and 2. The figure which shows the relationship between a shear displacement and a shear force about the bearing wall of an Example and the comparative examples 1 and 2. (Enlarged view up to an interlayer deformation angle of 1/150 rad) The figure which shows typically the example of 1 structure of the conventional load-bearing wall. The figure which shows typically a mode that a pillar and a face material deform when a conventional load-bearing wall receives a horizontal force.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of a load-bearing wall according to the present invention. 1A is an elevation view, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view, and FIG. 1C is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of a beam.
The load-bearing wall 1 of the present invention includes a base 2, a pair of left and right columns 3 and 4 erected at an interval on the base 2, and a horizontal bridge between the pair of columns 3 and 4 above the pair of columns 3 and 4. It is a load-bearing wall of a wooden framed building in which a face material 10 is attached to a rectangular opening 6 (see FIG. 2) surrounded by a beam 5 that has been made, and the face material 10 is a single face material. Is fixed to the base 2, the beam 5, and the pair of left and right pillars 3, 4 by the nails 20 so as to cover the opening 6 and the reinforcing portion 11 fixed at least to the surface of the beam 5 with the nail or screw 21. A groove 13 is provided between the structural surface portion 12 and the joint 12 as a joint for inducing a surface material crack.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the pair of left and right columns 3 and 4 have column bases fixed to the base 2 and column capitals fixed to the beams 5. One or a plurality of studs 8 provided substantially parallel to the pillars 3 and 4 are arranged at intervals of 455 mm or less between the pair of left and right pillars 3 and 4 (see FIG. 2).

The face material 10 has a rectangular opening 6 surrounded by the base 2, a pair of left and right pillars 3 and 4, and a beam 5 laid between the pair of pillars 3 and 4 above the pair of pillars 3 and 4. Is fixed by the nail 20 or the screw 21 in a large-wall manner so as to close the wall, and is integrated with the pillars 3 and 4 and the beam 5 to constitute the bearing wall 1 that bears the horizontal shear force.
According to the present invention, in the load-bearing wall 1 of the large wall type, the face material 10 is stuck to the surface of the beam 5, and the framing portion 12 and the reinforcing portion 11 are separated through the groove 13 of the crack-inducing joint, and reinforced. The part 11 is fixed with more nails 20 or screws 21 than the face part 12.

  As the face material 10, a face material, a structural plywood, a particle board, a structural panel (OSB), or the like, whose wall magnification is specified in No. 1 of the 1980 No. 1100 of 1981 is used. For example, with regard to structural plywood, the definition (Article 3), the standard of the degree of adhesion of plywood (Article 3), etc. in Japanese Agricultural Standards for Plywood (February 25, 2014, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Notification No. 303) The term “structural plywood” refers to plywood other than decorative plywood, which is used for the main part of a building in terms of structural strength (including toughness). Say. The thickness of the structural plywood is 7.5 mm or more, for example, 9 mm thick is widely used.

  The face portion 12 has a size larger than the frame opening 6, and the vicinity of both ends is fixed to the outdoor surface of the columns 3 and 4 with a number of nails 20, and the vicinity of the crack-inducing joint (groove 13) is a beam. 5 is fixed to the outdoor surface with a number of nails 20. Further, the vicinity of the lower end of the face portion 12 is fixed to the base 2 with a large number of nails 20. When the stud 8 is provided, the face portion 12 is also fixed to the stud 8 with a large number of nails 20.

The reinforcing portion 11 is made of the same sheet material as the surface portion 12. The reinforcing part 11 and the structural part 12 are connected via a groove 13 as a crack-inducing joint.
The face material 10 is located at a position where the upper end in the vertical direction is lower than the upper end of the beam 5 (when a load bearing wall is also arranged on the upper layer, the face material of the upper layer is fixed to the beam 5 with a nail. From the lower end of the beam 5 and has a crack-inducing joint (groove 13), and the periphery thereof is fixed to the outdoor surface of the beam 5 with a number of nails or screws 21.

The width of the crack-inducing joint (groove 13) between the reinforcing portion 11 and the construction surface portion 12 is preferably reduced, and is preferably 3 mm or less. By narrowing the width of the groove 13, specifically, as will be described later, the groove 13 of the face material 10 is cracked, separated into the reinforcing part 11 and the face part 12, and when the face part 12 rotates. The area of the fore edge where the reinforcing part 11 and the face part 12 come into contact with each other increases, preventing a decrease in the strength due to the compressive fracture of the fore part, and suppressing the rotation of the face part 12 more reliably. Even after separation, a reinforcing effect can be obtained.
Further, the depth of the crack-inducing joint (groove 13) is preferably not less than １ ／ of the thickness of the face material 10. By setting the depth of the groove 13 to be not less than 1/3 of the thickness of the face material 10, the face material is cracked at a metal yield strength or less. If it is less than 1/3, it is difficult for the surface material to crack at the crack-inducing joint.

Further, the reinforcing portion 11 must be firmly fastened to the beam 5 in order to more reliably suppress the rotation of the face portion 12.
More specifically, as described later, it is preferable that the fixing portion 11 and the beam 5 are fixed so that the degree of fixing between the framing portion 12 and the columns 3 and 4 is larger. In this specification, in determining the degree of fixation, if other conditions are the same, a value determined simply by the number of nails 20 or screws 21 is used.
That is, the number of nails or screws 21 for fixing the reinforcing portion 11 to the beam 5 is preferably larger than the number of nails 20 for fixing the structural portion 12 to the columns 3 and 4. The reinforcing portion 11 is preferably tightly fixed to the beam 5 by using an adhesive in addition to the nail or the screw 21.

FIGS. 2 to 3 are diagrams schematically showing a state in which the columns 3, 4 and the face material 10 are deformed when a horizontal force is applied due to an earthquake or the like.
First, as shown in FIG. 2, the columns 3 and 4 receiving the horizontal force tilt in the direction of receiving the horizontal force, and the beam 5 moves horizontally.
As described above, in the conventional load-bearing wall, the tilting of the column causes the face material to rotate (see FIG. 10). When a horizontal force of alternating positive and negative is received due to an earthquake or the like, the face material also repeats inversion, the looseness of the joint between the face material and the nail increases, and the function as a bearing wall is reduced.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, in the load-bearing wall 1 of the present invention, even when the columns 3 and 4 are inclined, the shear strength of the many nails hit on the reinforcing portion 11 suppresses the rotation of the face portion 12.
On the other hand, the surface portion 12 fixed to the columns 3 and 4 with nails rotates in the plane due to the large inclination of the columns 3 and 4, but the reinforcing portion 11 has a large number of nails or Since it is fixed with the screw 21, a certain amount of rotation causes a crack in the groove 13 as a crack-inducing joint, and the face material 10 is completely separated into the reinforcing part 11 and the structural part 12, and the nail or screw of the reinforcing part 11 Since the shear strength of the bearing wall 21 is not directly transmitted to the structural surface portion 12, the increase in the strength with the increase in the displacement of the load-bearing wall 1 stops. In FIG. 3, as indicated by box A, even after the face material 10 is separated, the rotation of the face portion 12 is suppressed by contacting the fore edge of the reinforcing portion 11. Thereby, loosening of the joint portion between the frame portion 12 and the nail 20 is suppressed, and the function as the load-bearing wall 1 can be maintained. That is, the load-bearing wall 1 of the present invention can improve the shear strength earlier than the conventional load-bearing wall, and suppresses the maximum strength of the wall to the allowable strength of the joint portion or less, thereby achieving ideal fracture with high toughness. Format.

  As described above, in the load-bearing wall 1 of the present invention, crack-inducing joints (grooves 13) are divided into a surface portion 12 for fixing the surface material 10 to the wall surface and a reinforcing portion 11 for fixing only the beam surface. By doing so, when the building is subjected to horizontal force and the column is tilted, the rotation of the surface portion 12 is suppressed by the shear strength of a large number of nails or screws 21 fixed to the reinforcing portion 11, and the surface portion 12 Starts rotating, but since the reinforcing portion 11 does not rotate, the groove 13 is cracked, the face material 10 is completely separated, and an increase in the maximum proof stress is suppressed. After that, the face portion 12 comes into contact with the fore edge of the reinforcing portion 11, and the rotational deformation of the face portion 12 is suppressed. Thereby, the nail is prevented from coming off, and the shear strength can be maintained.

In order to apply such a structure, it is preferable to join such that the degree of fixation between the reinforcing portion 11 and the beam 5 is greater than the degree of fixation between the framing portion 12 and the columns 3 and 4.
The degree of fixation in the present invention is defined by the following formula (1).
Degree of fixation = Single-plane shear yield strength per nail or screw (Py) x Number of nails or screws required for joining (1)
Can be calculated by

ｄ：釘またはビスの径（ｍｍ）
ｔ：側材の厚さ（ｍｍ）
Ｃ：式（３）による数値

ここで、
β：主材と側材の比（Ｆ_ｅ２/Ｆ_ｅ１）、ただしＦ_ｅ２は主材のめり込みの終局強度（Ｎ／ｍｍ^２）
Ｍｙ：釘またはビスの曲げ降伏モーメント（Ｎ／ｍｍ）
である。 The one-plane shear yield strength (Py) of the nail or screw differs depending on the material of the frame (the columns 3, 4 and the beam 5), the material of the face material 10, and the conditions for the nail 20 or screw 21 driving length.
The one-plane shear yield strength (Py) per nail or screw is given by equation (2):
Single-plane shear yield strength Py = N × C × F _e1 × d × t (2)
Can be calculated by here,
N: reduction coefficient according to nail or screw driving method (N = 1 when flat driving)
F _el : Ultimate strength of indentation of side material (face material) (N / mm ² )

d: Nail or screw diameter (mm)
t: thickness of side material (mm)
C: Numerical value according to equation (3)

here,
β: ratio of main material to side material (F _e2 / F _e1 ), where F _e2 is the ultimate strength of indentation of the main material (N / mm ² )
My: Bending yield moment of nail or screw (N / mm)
It is.

If the materials, shapes, lengths, driving conditions, etc. of the nails 20 or screws 21 used for joining the reinforcing portion 11 and the construction surface portion 12 are the same, the number of nails 20 or screws 21 is simply compared. The magnitude of the degree of fixation can be confirmed.
That is, as described above, it is preferable that the number of the nails 20 or the screws 21 for fixing the reinforcing portion 11 to the beam 5 is larger than the number of the nails 20 for fixing the face portion 12 to the columns 3 and 4.

And such a load-bearing wall 1
A step of forming a groove between the reinforcing part 11 and the structural part 12 of the surface material as a surface material crack-inducing joint;
Fixing the reinforcing portion 11 to the beam 5 with at least a nail or a screw 21;
Fixing the structural surface portion 12 to the base 2, the beam 5, and the pair of columns 3, 4 with a nail 20 so as to close the opening 6.
After hitting the face material first, the groove processing may be performed.

Further, the load-bearing wall 1 can be constructed by the following construction method. Drawing 4 is a figure showing typically an example of the construction method using the load bearing wall constituent panel of the present invention.
That is, the bearing strength in which the face material 10 is attached to the rectangular opening 6 surrounded on three sides by the pair of left and right columns 3 and 4 and the beam 5 laid between the pair of columns above the pair of columns. A method for constructing a load-bearing wall of a wooden frame building, wherein the wall configuration panel 30 is mounted on the base 2,
Fixing the columns 3, 4 and the beam 5,
Attaching the face material 10 to at least a nail 20 or a screw 21 in the rectangular opening 6 surrounded on three sides by the fixed pillars 3, 4 and the beam 5;
A step of forming a groove between the reinforcing portion 11 and the structural portion 12 of the face material 10 as a face material crack inducing joint;
Attaching the lower ends of the columns 3 and 4 to the base 2 and attaching the face portion 12 of the face material 10 with at least a nail 20 or a screw 21;
Have

In this method for constructing a load-bearing wall, it is preferable that the load-bearing wall forming panel 30 be manufactured in a factory and the step of attaching the load-bearing wall forming panel 30 to the base 2 be performed on site. Thereby, the work on site can be simplified.
Specifically, the step of fixing the pillars 3 and 4 and the beam 5 and the face material 10 are inserted into the rectangular opening 6 surrounded by the fixed columns 3 and 4 and the beam 5 by at least a nail 20 or a screw 21. At the factory, the step of attaching the grooved portion and the step of forming a groove between the reinforcing portion 11 and the surface portion 12 of the face material 10 as a face material crack inducing joint are performed at the factory, and the load-bearing wall constituting panel 30 is manufactured.
The load-bearing wall forming panel 30 has a nail formed in a rectangular opening 6 surrounded on three sides by a pair of left and right columns 3 and 4 and a beam 5 laid between the pair of columns above the pair of columns. The face material 10 is attached with 20 or screws 21.
At the site, the lower ends of the columns 3 and 4 of the load-bearing wall forming panel 30 are attached to the base 2, and the face portion 12 of the face material 10 is attached with nails 20 or screws 21.
Before hitting the face material 10, a groove may be formed.

Hereinafter, the difference between the prior art document and the present invention will be described.
In contrast to the wall structure described in the prior art, the load-bearing wall of the present invention does not fasten a plurality of rows of nails or screws to the base portion. That is, it is not intended to integrate face materials. The load-bearing wall of the present invention is a strength-type load-bearing wall in which the shear strength of the reinforced nail or screw contributes to the improvement of the load resistance before the groove is broken, but after the groove is broken, the rotation of the structural member is performed by the reinforcing member. It becomes a tough type load-bearing wall that restrains rotation by the compression of the forehead. It differs from the bearing walls described in References 2 and 3 in that the bearing wall has both the strength type and the toughness type performance.
It is the same as in Reference 4 that the destruction site is designated intentionally by providing a groove, but the structure described in Reference 4 is a construction method that can be used only for steel bars (RC), and not for wooden structures. It is possible. After the notch is destroyed, the remaining wall reinforcement is deformed in the horizontal direction to release the force by shearing, but in the newly developed product, the reinforcement of the reinforcement uses the rotation of the construction surface to reduce the surface material. Constrains rotation by compression.

Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples performed to confirm the effects of the present invention will be described.
As an example, an in-plane shear test of a vertical bearing surface was performed on a load-bearing wall of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1 and a conventional load-bearing wall as shown in FIG. 9 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-134940 as a comparative example. The relationship between shear displacement and shear force was measured and evaluated.
The in-plane shear test was performed in accordance with the installation method for test specimens in the “Permissible Stress Design for Wooden Framed Housing 2008 Edition” and the “Testing and Evaluation Work Method for Wooden Shear Walls and Magnification” (Fig. 5). Was.
FIG. 6 shows a method of installing a test body in the in-plane shear test performed in this test.
Configuration of test body: It is composed of a member that assumes a frame set of pillars, bases, studs and beams, and face materials.
Specimen dimensions: width 1,82 m in the dimension from pillar core to pillar core, height 2.77 m in dimension from bottom of base to top of beam
The cross-sectional dimension of the beam is 105 × 240 mm, the cross-sectional dimension of the column and base is 105 × 105 mm, and the cross-sectional dimension of the joint stud is 45 × 90 mm
Wood species: Akamatsu glue on the beam, cedar glue on the pillar, rice hiba glue on the base, studs on the rice pine face wood Type: Structural plywood 12mm
Number of test specimens: 3 or more The test specimens were installed by fixed pedestals, and the connections between the capitals and pedestals were as follows.
Tightened with Kanesin's Presetter SU PZ-HDP20 (short tenon ten N90 nails, equivalent to pulling hardware).

As an example, a load-bearing wall of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1 was installed on a test table. In the examples, the groove width of the crack-inducing joint was 3 mm.
In the installation of the load-bearing wall, as shown in FIG. 4, the step of fixing the column and the beam and the face material are inserted into at least a nail or a screw in a rectangular opening surrounded on three sides by the fixed column and the beam. And a step of forming a groove between the reinforced portion and the structural portion of the surface material as a joint for inducing surface material cracking was performed in a factory in advance to manufacture a load-bearing wall configuration panel.
The load-bearing wall forming panel is formed by attaching a face material to a rectangular opening surrounded on three sides by a pair of left and right columns and a beam laid between the pair of columns above the pair of columns.
The lower end of the column of the load-bearing wall constituting panel was attached to the base, and the face portion of the face material was attached with at least nails or screws.

As Comparative Example 1, a conventional load-bearing wall as shown in FIG. 9 was used as a test body and installed on a test stand.
In addition, as Comparative Example 2, a load-bearing wall described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-134940 was used as a test body and installed on a test stand. That is, in the load-bearing wall of Comparative Example 2, the reinforcing material is disposed vertically, and is made of a surface material that is separate from the structural material. The gap between the upper reinforcing member and the structural member was 1 mm.

  The lower base was fixed, and the upper beam was pushed and pulled laterally to determine the proof stress. At first, the width of the push-pull (repeated three times) is reduced, and the width is gradually increased. The displacement (moving width) is determined by the shear deformation angle and is represented by rad (radian). In the case of the fixed column base type, the repetition is performed at the time of 1/450, 1/300, 1/200, 1/150, 1/100, 1/75, and 1/50 rad exchange. Thereafter, the test was continued without repetition, and the load was reduced to 80% of the maximum load, or if not, deformed until reaching 1/15 rad, and the test was terminated.

For the load-bearing wall of the example and the load-bearing walls of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the relationship between the shear displacement and the shear force is modeled into a skeleton curve per unit length (1P = 910 mm) from the test results, respectively, as shown in FIG. , Shown in FIG.
In the initial stage, when the horizontal force is applied, both the working example and the comparative example bear the horizontal force with the shear strength of the nail fixing the structural member, and the shear strength of the load-bearing wall increases in proportion to the increase in the shear displacement. Will increase.
In the comparative example (FIG. 8) up to the interlayer deformation angle of 1/150 rad, in Comparative Example 2, there was a gap between the material and the structural member, so there was a blank before the reinforcing effect was exhibited, and the shear displacement was 18 mm (interlayer). After a deformation angle of 1/150 rad), the reinforcing effect is exhibited for the first time. On the other hand, in the present invention, it can be seen that the reinforcing effect is exhibited from the start of displacement generation.

When the shear strength at an interlayer deformation angle of 1/150 rad is compared, Comparative Example 1 is 12.0 kN and Comparative Example 2 is 12.3 kN, whereas the Example of the present invention is 15.66 kN and 1 of Comparative Example 1 It can be seen that it has a yield strength of .30 times and 1.27 times that of Comparative Example 2.
In the comparative example (FIG. 7) up to the fracture, in the present invention, when the shear displacement exceeds 75 mm, the shear strength against the shear displacement gradually decreases. This is due to the fact that as the shear displacement increases, the surface starts to rotate, the surface material cracks at the joint that induces cracks, splits into the reinforcing part and the structural part, and the shear strength of many nails struck at the reinforcing part directly It is considered that the transmission is not transmitted to the surface portion, and loosening of the joint portion of the nail on the surface portion has begun to occur.

  In Comparative Example 2, when the shear displacement was about 125 mm, the shear strength of the load-bearing wall was maximized, and thereafter, the structural member was pushed by the small edge of the reinforcing portion and buckled out of the plane, and the strength decreased rapidly. In Comparative Example 2, since the reinforcing material is arranged so as to sandwich the structural surface vertically, deformation of the structural material is likely to occur in an out-of-plane direction, causing a sudden decrease in proof stress such as out-of-plane buckling. Although brittle fracture occurs, since the reinforcing portion of the present invention is arranged only at the upper part of the structural part, deformation is likely to occur in the in-plane direction (lower part), and gradually the joint of the nail of the structural part is formed. It is considered that loosening has begun to occur.

  As described above, it was confirmed that the load-bearing wall of the present invention has an improved initial shear strength as compared with the conventional load-bearing wall, and suppresses the maximum strength to be equal to or less than the allowable strength of the joint. The realization of a high-bearing wall makes it possible to produce a large opening layout with a short wall length.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the invention.
For example, in the above description, the case where the face material is attached to the outdoor side of the pillar and the horizontal member has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the face material is attached to the indoor side. It is applicable even in the case.

  By using the load-bearing wall according to the present invention, nail pull-out due to the rotation of the plywood on the wall surface is suppressed, and the shear strength is improved, so that the wall can be widely used as a large plywood-bearing wall in a wooden building.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bearing wall 2 Base 3, 4 Column 5 Beam 6 Opening 8 Stud 10 Surface material 11 Reinforcement part 12 Structural part 13 Groove (Crack-induced joint)
Reference Signs List 20 nail 21 nail or screw 30 load-bearing wall construction panel

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, have classified one sheet material into a surface portion for nailing a wall surface and a reinforcing portion for nailing a beam surface. Therefore, by constructing a groove as a crack-inducing joint, the shear strength of a large number of nails hit on the reinforcing part when the column is inclined due to the horizontal force of the building suppresses the rotation of the structural part and the reinforcing effect at an early stage When the wall surface gradually rotates as the displacement increases, the groove of the surface material cracks, and the surface and the reinforcement are separated. By not being transmitted directly, the maximum strength of the wall can be suppressed below the allowable strength of the joint hardware. The face material is divided and the face starts to rotate, but it contacts the fore edge of the reinforcement part and suppresses the rotational deformation of the face part, so the loosening of the joint part between the face part and the nail can be suppressed, and the shear strength Have been conceived that can be maintained and improved, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1]
A surface material is attached to a rectangular opening surrounded by a base, a pair of left and right columns that are spaced apart from the base, and a beam laid between the pair of columns above the pair of columns. , A bearing wall of a wooden framed building,
The face material is a reinforcing portion fixed to the beam by a nail or a screw, and the reinforcing portion is disposed integrally with the reinforcing portion below the reinforcing portion, so as to close the opening, the base, the beam, and the A load-bearing wall comprising: a pair of pillars having a surface portion fixed by nails; and a groove provided between the reinforcing portion and the surface portion as a crack-inducing joint.
[2]
The load-bearing wall according to [1], wherein the width of the groove is 3 mm or less.
[3]
The load-bearing wall according to [1] or [2], wherein the face material is attached to an outdoor side.
[4]
The load-bearing wall according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the depth of the groove is not less than 1/3 of the thickness of the face material.
[5]
The following equation (1):
Degree of fixation = Single-plane shear yield strength per nail or screw (Py) x Number of nails or screws required for joining (1)
In the fixed degree specified by
The load-bearing wall according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the degree of fixation between the reinforcing portion and the beam is greater than the degree of fixation between the structural portion and the column.
[6]
The load-bearing wall according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the reinforcing portion is further fixed to the beam with an adhesive.
[7]
[1] to [6], between the pair of pillars, one or more pillars provided substantially parallel to the pillars, and the structural surface portion is fixed to the pillars with nails. ] The load-bearing wall according to any one of [1] to [4].
[8]
A base, a pair of left and right columns that are erected at an interval on the base, and a face material is attached to a rectangular opening surrounded by a beam laid between the pair of columns at the top of the pair of columns. A method of constructing a load-bearing wall of a wooden frame building,
A step of performing groove processing as a surface material crack-inducing joint between a reinforcing portion of the surface material and a surface portion integrally disposed with the reinforcing portion,
Fixing the reinforcing portion to the beam with at least a nail or a screw;
Fixing the structural surface portion to the base, the beam, and the pair of pillars with a nail so as to close the opening.
[9]
A pair of left and right pillars and a load-bearing wall configuration panel in which a surface material is attached to a rectangular opening surrounded by a beam laid between the pair of pillars above the pair of pillars is mounted on a base, A method of constructing a load-bearing wall of a wooden frame building,
Fixing the column and the beam;
Attaching the face material to a rectangular opening surrounded by the fixed columns and the fixed beams with at least nails or screws,
A step of performing groove processing as a surface material crack-inducing joint between a reinforcing portion of the surface material and a surface portion integrally disposed with the reinforcing portion,
A step of attaching the lower end of the pillar to the base, and attaching the face portion of the face material with at least a nail or a screw;
A method for constructing a load-bearing wall, comprising:
[10]
The method for constructing a load-bearing wall according to [9], wherein the load-bearing wall forming panel is manufactured at a factory, and a step of attaching the panel to the base is performed on site.
[11]
The load-bearing wall configuration panel used in the construction method according to [10], wherein three sides are surrounded by a pair of left and right columns and a beam spanned between the pair of columns at the top of the pair of columns. A load-bearing wall configuration panel comprising a rectangular opening and a face material attached thereto with at least a nail or a screw.

Claims (11)

A surface material is attached to a rectangular opening surrounded by a base, a pair of left and right columns that are spaced apart from the base, and a beam laid between the pair of columns above the pair of columns. , A bearing wall of a wooden framed building,
The face material is a reinforcing portion fixed to the beam by a nail or a screw, and the reinforcing portion is disposed integrally with the reinforcing portion below the reinforcing portion, so as to close the opening, the base, the beam, and the Having a face portion fixed to the pair of pillars with nails,
A load-bearing wall, wherein a groove is provided between the reinforcing portion and the structural surface portion as a crack-inducing joint.   The load-bearing wall according to claim 1, wherein the width of the groove is 3 mm or less.   The load-bearing wall according to claim 1, wherein the face material is attached to an outdoor side.   The load-bearing wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the depth of the groove is not less than 1/3 of the thickness of the face material. The following equation (1):
Degree of fixation = Single-plane shear yield strength per nail or screw (Py) x Number of nails or screws required for joining (1)
In the fixed degree specified by
The load-bearing wall according to claim 1, wherein a degree of fixation between the reinforcing portion and the beam is greater than a degree of fixation between the structural portion and the column.   The load-bearing wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reinforcing portion is further fixed to the beam with an adhesive.   7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising one or a plurality of studs provided substantially parallel to the pillars between the pair of pillars, wherein the structural surface portion is fixed to the studs with nails. 8. A load-bearing wall according to any one of the preceding claims. A base, a pair of left and right columns that are erected at an interval on the base, and a face material is attached to a rectangular opening surrounded by a beam laid between the pair of columns at the top of the pair of columns. A method of constructing a load-bearing wall of a wooden frame building,
A step of performing groove processing as a surface material crack-inducing joint between the reinforcing portion and the structural surface portion of the surface material,
Fixing the reinforcing portion to the beam with at least a nail or a screw;
Fixing the structure portion to the base, the beam and the pair of pillars with nails so as to close the opening;
A method for constructing a load-bearing wall, comprising: A pair of left and right pillars and a load-bearing wall configuration panel in which a surface material is attached to a rectangular opening surrounded by a beam laid between the pair of pillars above the pair of pillars is mounted on a base, A method of constructing a load-bearing wall of a wooden frame building,
Fixing the column and the beam;
Attaching the face material to a rectangular opening surrounded by the fixed columns and the fixed beams with at least nails or screws,
A step of performing groove processing as a surface material crack-inducing joint between the reinforcing portion and the structural surface portion of the surface material,
A step of attaching the lower end of the pillar to the base, and attaching the face portion of the face material with at least a nail or a screw;
A method for constructing a load-bearing wall, comprising:   The method for constructing a load-bearing wall according to claim 9, wherein the manufacturing of the load-bearing wall forming panel is performed in a factory, and the step of attaching the panel to the base is performed on site.   The load-bearing wall forming panel used in the construction method according to claim 10, wherein three sides are surrounded by a pair of left and right columns and a beam spanned between the pair of columns above the pair of columns. A load-bearing wall configuration panel in which a face material is attached to a rectangular opening with nails or screws.

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