JP2019203375A - Dome shape architectural structure of concrete integrated molding and its construction method - Google Patents
Dome shape architectural structure of concrete integrated molding and its construction method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 65
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、鉄筋コンクリート造によるドーム状の構築物及びその建築方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a dome-like structure made of reinforced concrete and a construction method thereof.
鉄筋コンクリート造の屋根がドーム状の建築物は、従来の陸屋根スラブのような水平な屋根の建築物のように簡単に施工することができない。例えば、特許文献１及び２にドーム状の建築物が開示されているが、屋根がドーム状の建築物は、屋根全体がドーム状の半球形をしていることから、最初にドーム屋根の下端に木製合板かFRPで成形した型枠でドーム状に組み立ててから、その上に鉄筋を配筋してコンクリートを流し込んで打設し、鉄筋コンクリート造のドーム屋根を建築する必要がある。 A dome with a reinforced concrete roof cannot be constructed as easily as a horizontal roof building such as a conventional flat roof slab. For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a dome-shaped building. However, since the entire roof has a dome-shaped hemispherical shape, the lower end of the dome roof is first used. It is necessary to construct a dome roof made of reinforced concrete by assembling it into a dome shape using a mold made of wooden plywood or FRP, then placing reinforcing bars on it and pouring concrete into it.
しかし、従来の鉄筋コンクリート造による屋根がドーム状の構築物を建築するには、次の問題点がある。（イ）木製の平面合板等を立体的に曲面上に構成することは、正確で精度の高い型枠を確保する必要があり、長い経験と高い施工技術が必要になる。（ロ）木製やFRP製の型枠でドームの曲面上の支保工を多く配置する必要があり、ドーム内部での作業性が極端に落ちるため、人工数が嵩み、その結果、施工単価が高くなる。（ハ）ドーム状の屋根は、勾配が緩やかに傾斜しているので、コンクリートの打設時には、バイブレーターの使用に多くの制約を受ける。（ニ）ドーム屋根の型枠間の狭い空間にコンクリート打設をする際に多くの人工を必要とする。また、コンクリートの充填状態が型枠外からは把握しにくいため、密実なコンクリートを打設するには、打設時に多くの人員を配置する必要がある。（ホ）木製型枠やFRP製の型枠で水平、垂直を確保する場合には、それぞれの部位での水平垂直の確認が逐一必要であり、作業が煩雑になり、施工に多くの時間を要する。（ヘ）例えば、木製型枠でドーム状の屋根をコンクリート一体形成する場合、型枠が木製であることから軽量で作業性は良いが、打設したコンクリートの重量で木製の型枠が圧縮されて型枠同士が強く締め付けられた状態になり、コンクリート面に強く付着してしまい、脱枠をする際に型枠がバラバラになる可能性が高い。そのため、木製の型枠は再利用が難しく、その結果、コスト面で高くなる。同様の理由で、FRP製の型枠も脱枠時に破壊されてしまうことが多い。また、FRP製の型枠を木製型枠同様の強度を確保するためには、FRP自体に厚みが必要であり、その結果、コスト面でも高くなり重量も大きくなる。 However, in order to construct a dome-like structure with a conventional reinforced concrete roof, there are the following problems. (A) Constructing a wooden plane plywood or the like on a curved surface three-dimensionally requires an accurate and highly accurate formwork, and requires long experience and high construction technology. (B) It is necessary to place a lot of support work on the curved surface of the dome with a wooden or FRP formwork, and the workability inside the dome is extremely reduced. Get higher. (C) Since the slope of the dome-shaped roof is gently inclined, there are many restrictions on the use of the vibrator when placing concrete. (D) Many man-hours are required when placing concrete in the narrow space between the forms of the dome roof. In addition, since it is difficult to grasp the concrete filling state from the outside of the formwork, it is necessary to arrange a large number of personnel at the time of placing in order to place dense concrete. (E) When securing horizontal and vertical with wooden formwork and FRP formwork, it is necessary to check the horizontal and vertical at each part, which makes the work complicated and takes a lot of time for construction. Cost. (F) For example, when a dome-shaped roof is integrally formed with a wooden formwork, it is lightweight and has good workability because the formwork is made of wood, but the wooden formwork is compressed by the weight of the placed concrete. As a result, the molds are strongly clamped and adhere strongly to the concrete surface, and there is a high possibility that the molds will fall apart when the frame is removed. For this reason, the wooden formwork is difficult to reuse, resulting in high costs. For the same reason, FRP molds are often destroyed when they are removed. Further, in order to secure the same strength as the wooden formwork for the FRP formwork, the FRP itself needs to have a thickness. As a result, the cost is increased and the weight is increased.
本発明は、上記した問題点を解決するためになされたもので、コンクリート一体形成型のドーム状建築物及びその建築方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a concrete-integrated dome-shaped building and a building method therefor.
本発明は、居住空間を構成する円形型をなした屋根がドーム状の建築物であり、内部に居住快適性や利便性の間仕切壁等を便宜的に配するが強度補強等構造上の支柱等は皆無である。建築物の基礎、壁、屋根は鉄筋コンクリートによる一体形成型で強度的に安全、安心で快適に生活することが可能である。居住空間を基本として出入口、窓開口の採光を備えた開放型居住空間を提供し、リゾート宿泊施設、カフェ、レストラン、各種管理棟、はなれ、研究室、住宅等として活用できる廉価普及型建築物を提供できる。ドーム屋根頂部には、採光を取るための天窓や、換気装置を設置できるため、快適性を高めることができる。天窓や換気装置を取り付けるための、ドーム頂部の型枠及び支保工用具は、型枠組立と解体の際に使用し、安全に、しかも確実に重量のある屋根内型枠を解体する重要な働きをする。前記の円形の壁面及び屋根の半球状をコンクリートで一体形成するにあたり、型枠を木材、FRP、鋼材等のいずれも選択可能であり、内枠壁及び型枠保持機能と脱枠が容易な、屋根支保工パイプ金具、クロスバー円形直径維持パイプ、クロスパイプ支保工固定金具、壁枠斜め支保工パイプを使用することで、外枠に支保工を用いることなくコンクリート打設が可能で、施工の確実性を高めるとともに、省力化、後期の短縮化を可能にできる。ドーム外部の壁と屋根は、断熱用塗料等を塗布することで、灼熱や風雪環境でも快適に生活ができる。また、内部の壁と屋根は、漆喰壁を使用することで、調湿効果と防音効果を得られる。また、本発明にかかる構築物は、暴風時には暴風シエルターとして活用することができる。ドーム屋根左官補修や塗装及び完成後の屋根・保守点検回収塗装などでは、階段梯子で材質はパイプで手すりを設けた円形の周囲を可動できる装置を使うことで、安全に確実に施工時間を短縮できる。 The present invention is a dome-shaped building with a circular roof that constitutes a living space, and a partition wall or the like is conveniently provided in the interior for comfort and convenience, but a structural support such as strength reinforcement There is no such thing. The foundation, walls, and roof of the building are integrally formed of reinforced concrete, making it possible to live in a safe, secure and comfortable manner. Offering an open-type living space with daylight at the entrance and window opening based on the living space, and low-priced buildings that can be used as resort accommodations, cafes, restaurants, various management buildings, hanare, labs, houses, etc. Can be provided. A skylight and a ventilation device can be installed on the top of the dome roof, so that comfort can be improved. The formwork and support tools on the top of the dome for installing skylights and ventilation equipment are used during formwork assembly and disassembly, and are important for safe and reliable disassembly of heavy roof formwork. do. When integrally forming the circular wall surface and the hemisphere of the roof with concrete, the formwork can be selected from any of wood, FRP, steel, etc., and the inner frame wall and the formwork holding function and easy removal are easy. By using roof support pipe fittings, crossbar circular diameter maintenance pipes, cross pipe support fixing fixtures, and wall frame diagonal support pipes, it is possible to place concrete without using support work on the outer frame. While increasing certainty, it is possible to save labor and shorten the latter period. The walls and roof outside the dome can be comfortably lived in a scorching or windy and snowy environment by applying heat insulating paint or the like. Moreover, a humidity control effect and a soundproofing effect can be acquired by using a stucco wall for an internal wall and a roof. Moreover, the structure concerning this invention can be utilized as a storm shelter at the time of a storm. For dome roof plaster repair and painting, and roof and maintenance inspection collection painting after completion, the construction time can be shortened safely and reliably by using a device that can move around a circular shape with a handrail made of pipe with a stair ladder it can.
本発明の鉄筋コンクリート造ドームの構築方法は、以上説明してきた通り次のような効果を得ることが可能となる。（イ）従来の工事現場で型枠を組み立てて鉄筋コンクリート造ドームを構築する方法では、円滑な局面を形成するには豊富な経験と多大な労力及び高度な技術を必要としたが、本発明は、同一形状の幅小壁型枠や、幅小屋根鋼製型枠を工場で大量作成し、これを現場で順次組み立ててドームを構築する方法である。その結果、精度性、品質性、正確性、施工性、経済性が高く円滑なドーム曲面施工を容易に構築することが可能である。（ロ）鉄筋コンクリート造のドーム鋼製型枠を採用することで強度が強く、円形屋根頂部の円形型枠を「ドーム内屋根支保工パイプ金具」と「クロスバーパイプ支保工固定金具」でコンクリート重量を支えることで多くの支保工が不要となり、ドーム内部での作業性が非常によくなりスムーズな施工ができる。（ハ）ドーム屋根の緩やかな傾斜や、急な傾斜角度の困難なコンクリート打設の問題点であるが、外屋根型枠を内屋根型枠の半分程度の長さにすることで、運搬、組み立て施工が容易になることや、コンクリート打設時のバイブレーター作業も容易にすることが可能となる。外屋根型枠上のコンクリート打設後は、左官で仕上げを行う。このように密実なコンクリートを打設する施工方法として有効である。（ニ）コンクリート型枠の水平、垂直を正確に保持するために多くの労力を必要とするが、「クロスバー円形直径維持パイプ」と「壁型枠斜め支保工固定金具」方式でそれぞれの部位での水平、垂直確認作業が容易にできて、煩雑な確認作業を省略することが出来て、素早く内壁型枠を組み立てることが可能となる。（ホ）木製型枠やＦＲＰ製型枠によるドーム状の屋根の構築物を建築する方法では、脱枠時に型枠が破壊されることが多く、型枠転用ができないので経済合理性がない。しかし、鋼製型枠を工場生産することにより幅小鋼製型枠で軽量化を図り、工事現場で組み立てることができる本発明では、転用が可能で経済性も高くなり、木製型枠やＦＲＰ製型枠の欠点を克服できる。 As described above, the construction method of the reinforced concrete dome of the present invention can obtain the following effects. (A) In the conventional method of assembling a reinforced concrete dome by assembling a formwork at a construction site, abundant experience, a great deal of labor, and advanced technology were required to form a smooth aspect. This is a method in which a large number of narrow wall molds having the same shape and a small roof steel mold are created at the factory, and these are sequentially assembled on site to construct a dome. As a result, it is possible to easily construct a smooth dome curved surface construction with high accuracy, quality, accuracy, workability and economy. (B) Strong strength by adopting a reinforced concrete dome steel formwork, and the concrete weight of the circular formwork at the top of the circular roof with the “dome roof support pipe fitting” and “crossbar pipe support fixture” Supporting the structure eliminates the need for a lot of support work, improves the workability inside the dome, and enables smooth construction. (C) Although it is a problem of concrete placement where the dome roof has a gentle inclination and a steep inclination angle is difficult, it can be transported by making the outer roof formwork about half the length of the inner roof formwork. Assembling work can be facilitated, and vibrator work during concrete placing can be facilitated. After placing concrete on the outer roof formwork, finish with a plasterer. Thus, it is effective as a construction method for placing dense concrete. (D) Although a lot of labor is required to accurately maintain the horizontal and vertical of the concrete formwork, each part of the "crossbar circular diameter maintenance pipe" and "wall formwork diagonal support fixture" method The horizontal and vertical confirmation work can be easily performed, and complicated confirmation work can be omitted, so that the inner wall mold can be quickly assembled. (E) In the method of constructing a dome-shaped roof structure using wooden formwork or FRP formwork, the formwork is often destroyed at the time of demounting, and the formwork cannot be diverted, so there is no economic rationality. However, in the present invention, which can be assembled at the construction site by reducing the weight with a narrow steel formwork by producing the steel formwork in the factory, it can be diverted and becomes economical, and the wooden formwork and FRP Overcoming the drawbacks of mold making.
図１は、ドーム頂点の中心から均等に分割した数の鋼製型枠を配した様子を示した平面図である。内壁型枠、外壁型枠、屋根内型枠、屋根外型枠ともに施工性を考慮した。鋼製型枠は、幅６００ｍｍ程度に小さくすることで運搬移動や組立が容易で、人力でも可能になる。天窓部分の型枠底面にはアイボルトを溶接して、土間中心のアイボルトとチェーンで緊結して固定する。また、アイボルトは屋根内型枠の脱枠時にチェーンブロックを取り付けることで、屋根内型枠のボルト穴にフックを掛けて脱枠することができる。同様に４か所のドーム内部屋根支保工パイプ金具の受平鉄板を溶接してあり、支保工先端に設けた平鉄板をボルトナット或いはＵクリップで固結する。 FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a state in which a number of steel molds are equally divided from the center of the dome apex. The inner wall formwork, the outer wall formwork, the roof inner formwork, and the roof outer formwork were considered in terms of workability. Steel molds can be transported and assembled easily by reducing the width to about 600 mm, and can be done manually. An eyebolt is welded to the bottom of the formwork at the skylight, and the eyebolt in the center of the soil is fastened with a chain. In addition, the eyebolts can be removed by attaching a chain block when removing the in-roof formwork by hooking the bolt holes in the in-roof formwork. Similarly, the flat iron plates of the four dome internal roof support pipe fittings are welded, and the flat iron plate provided at the tip of the support work is fixed with bolts and nuts or U clips.
図２は、ドーム平面図上にドーム組み立ての際に使用する支保工等の配置位置を示すものである。クロスパイプ支保工固定金具の配置位置、ドーム屋根支保工パイプ金具の配置、クロスバー円形直径維持パイプ、壁枠斜め支保工パイプ等の配置地を示す。 FIG. 2 shows an arrangement position of a support work or the like used when assembling the dome on the dome plan view. The placement location of the cross pipe support fixing bracket, the placement of the dome roof support pipe fitting, the crossbar circular diameter maintenance pipe, the wall frame diagonal support pipe, etc. are shown.
図３は、ドーム断面図にドーム組み立て時に使用する支保工等の配置状況を示したものである。 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the dome showing the arrangement of support works used when the dome is assembled.
図４乃至９は、図１のドーム屋根を図１の中央縦方向に切断し、図１のドーム屋根を左右方向に長くした状態の建築物を示すものである。図４乃至９は、図１のドーム屋根を左右方向に長くしているが、図１のドーム屋根を図１の中央横方向に切断し、図１のドーム屋根を上下方向に長くした状態の建築物にすることもできる。 4 to 9 show a building in a state in which the dome roof of FIG. 1 is cut in the central vertical direction of FIG. 1 and the dome roof of FIG. 1 is elongated in the left-right direction. 4 to 9, the dome roof of FIG. 1 is elongated in the left-right direction, but the dome roof of FIG. 1 is cut in the horizontal direction in the center of FIG. 1 and the dome roof of FIG. It can also be a building.
本発明にかかるコンクリート一体形成型のドーム状建築物は、鋼製型枠を使用してドーム頂点の中心から均等に分割した型枠部品で構成した壁用曲面の幅小型枠部品で制作した各型枠をボルトナットやＵクリップなどで緊結固定して施工する。 The concrete-integrated dome-shaped building according to the present invention is produced with a small curved frame part having a curved surface for a wall composed of a form part divided evenly from the center of the dome using a steel form. Install the formwork by tightening it with bolts and nuts or U-clips.
まず、基礎土間を施工後に壁内枠をコンクリート基礎土間面に設置した台木に乗せ、固着させて円形状内壁型枠を確保する。次に、壁頂点付近に「クロスバー円形直径維持パイプ」を直交に配置し、クロスパイプバーで壁円形直径を確保する。その後に、「壁型枠斜め支保工固定金具」で内壁型枠の頂部付近に固着させ、パイプ一方の端部を土間に固着する。これにより（ホ）の問題点を解決できる。 First, after constructing the foundation soil, the inner frame of the wall is placed on a rootstock installed on the concrete foundation soil surface, and secured to secure a circular inner wall formwork. Next, a “crossbar circular diameter maintaining pipe” is arranged orthogonally near the top of the wall, and the wall circular diameter is secured by the crosspipe bar. After that, it is fixed to the vicinity of the top of the inner wall mold with a “wall-shaped frame diagonal support fixture”, and one end of the pipe is fixed to the soil. Thus, the problem (e) can be solved.
鋼製型枠は、既成定尺の鋼製品で加工できるように工夫してあり、（イ）の問題点を解決できる。 The steel formwork has been devised so that it can be processed with pre-made steel products and can solve the problem (a).
次に、ドーム土間の円形中心点の垂直線上に天窓用の円形状型枠を所定位置に設置し、「垂直用支保工用具」で高さと中心位置を確認し設置する。この「垂直用支保工金具」の垂直方向の上、中，下段の３か所に「クロスパイプ支保工固定金具」で支保工間の間隔を維持するとともに支保工の座屈を防止する目的で設置してコンクリート重量を支える。これにより、（ロ）の問題点を解決できる。 Next, a circular formwork for skylights is installed at a predetermined position on the vertical line of the circular center point between the dome soils, and the height and the center position are confirmed and installed by the “vertical support tool”. For the purpose of maintaining the interval between the support works and preventing buckling of the support works with the "Cross-Pipe Support Work Fixing Fixtures" in the upper, middle and lower parts of this "Vertical Support Work Fixture". Install to support concrete weight. Thereby, the problem (b) can be solved.
次にドーム内部に設置した足場に屋根曲面型枠を移動して、円形状型枠と壁型枠頂点に、分割製作した屋根用ドーム型枠をボルトナットやＵクリップ等の緊結材で固着する。外壁型枠は、コンクリート基礎土間に台木を設置し、そこに乗せ順次円形状に並べ立て、内壁型枠に設置したセパレーターで固結する。外屋根型枠は、屋根曲面半分ほどの長さで加工してあり、屋根内枠とセパレーターで固結する。屋根外枠を屋根内型枠と同じ長さにすると、コンクリート打設の際に、コンクリートが確実に充填されているか判断が困難であるが、屋根外型枠長さを半分にすることでコンクリート打設を容易にするとともに、バイブレーターの使用もスムーズに出来て密実な高品質のコンクリート打設を行うことができる。これにより
（ハ）及び（ニ）の問題点を解決できる。
Next, the curved roof formwork is moved to the scaffolding installed inside the dome, and the separately produced roof dome formwork is fixed to the circular formwork and the wall formwork apex with a binding material such as a bolt nut or U clip. . For the outer wall formwork, rootstocks are installed between the concrete foundation soils, placed on them, arranged in a circular shape, and consolidated by a separator installed on the inner wall formwork. The outer roof formwork is processed with a length of about half of the curved roof surface, and is solidified by a roof inner frame and a separator. If the roof outer frame is the same length as the roof inner formwork, it is difficult to determine whether the concrete is reliably filled when placing the concrete. In addition to facilitating placement, the vibrator can be used smoothly and a high-quality concrete placement can be performed. Thereby, the problems (c) and (d) can be solved.
鋼製型枠を使用した、鉄筋コンクリート造のドーム構築物は、型枠重量が重くなるので型枠脱枠時に危険性が木製型枠等に比べて高くなる。ドーム内壁枠、外壁枠、外屋根枠は養生期間後に容易に脱枠が可能である。しかし、内屋根型枠の脱枠は高い位置から脱枠するので困難になる。その際にドーム内に足場を組み、ドーム頂部の円形状型枠に溶接設置したアイボルトにチェーンブロックを設置し、屋根内型枠のボルト穴にフックをかけて脱枠時に急激に型枠が落ちないようにすることで安全に脱枠施工できるように工夫した。 The reinforced concrete dome structure using a steel formwork is heavier than the wooden formwork because the weight of the formwork becomes heavy and the formwork is removed. The dome inner wall frame, outer wall frame, and outer roof frame can be easily removed after the curing period. However, it becomes difficult to remove the inner roof formwork from the high position. At that time, a scaffold is built in the dome, a chain block is installed on the eyebolt welded to the circular formwork at the top of the dome, a hook is put on the bolt hole of the formwork in the roof, and the formwork suddenly falls when the frame is removed. It was devised so that it can be safely unframed by avoiding it.
以上のように、本発明の鋼製型枠を使用した鉄筋コンクリート造ドーム状建築物の構築方法は、鋼製型枠工法の欠点である重量が大きい点を、型枠の幅を小さくすることで軽くし、人力で運搬組み立て施工ができるようにしたものである。鋼製型枠の持つ強度と脱枠が容易に可能で、木製やＦＲＰ製型枠の持つ弱点を克服することができる。 As described above, the construction method of the reinforced concrete dome-shaped building using the steel formwork of the present invention is that the weight is a disadvantage of the steel formwork method by reducing the width of the formwork. It is lighter and can be assembled and transported manually. The strength and removal of the steel mold can be easily achieved, and the weak points of the wooden or FRP mold can be overcome.
鋼製型枠は工場で製作し、各工事現場に運搬移動することが容易で現場で鉄筋コンクリート造の一体成型型ドーム構築物を構築可能である。鋼製型枠は，規格寸法，定尺鋼材を使用して工場生産することで安全性、正確性、快適性、強度的、経済性の高い廉価普及型の鉄筋コンクリート造のドーム状構築物の構築法である。 Steel molds can be manufactured at the factory and transported to each construction site, making it possible to construct an integrally molded dome structure made of reinforced concrete. Steel molds are factory-produced using standard-size, fixed-size steel materials, and a low-cost popular reinforced concrete dome-shaped structure with high safety, accuracy, comfort, strength and economy is built. It is.
一旦製作した鋼製型枠は、補修点検をすることで転用が可能であり、転用回数を増やすことができることで、木製型枠やＦＲＰ製型枠等と比較しても経済的効果が大きく木材等を浪費することもなくなる。 Once the steel formwork is manufactured, it can be diverted by repairs and inspections, and the number of diversions can be increased, resulting in a large economic effect compared to wooden formwork and FRP formwork. No more wasted.
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| JP2014233844A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-15 | 日本ペイントホールディングス株式会社 | Multilayer coating film and method for forming a multilayer coating film |
| WO2018021502A1 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | 学校法人工学院大学 | Ceiling repair method and wall repair method |
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| JP2014233844A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-15 | 日本ペイントホールディングス株式会社 | Multilayer coating film and method for forming a multilayer coating film |
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